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The advancement of technology enables new resources for education. The convergence of accessibility, usability, serious games (SG), and user-centered design (UCD) enables the development of inclusive resources to meet the needs of people with disabilities. This work aims to analyze and synthesize the developments of digital educational games, focusing on technical aspects to facilitate their implementation in the classroom. The criteria and recommendations of the PRISMA protocol (2020) were applied to conduct the search. Keywords were used to explore the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed databases, and 21 journals, covering the period from 2018 to 2023. Initially, 799 articles were identified, and after the refinement process, 24 publications were analyzed. The results indicate a growing and ongoing interest in the topic. Current trends in the design and use of accessible video games for individuals with intellectual disabilities were identified, along with their impact on learning and educational inclusion.

IntroductionHomelessness is a phenomenon of social exclusion and poverty that has increased alarmingly during recent years. Homeless people (HP) experience violations of several basic human rights or needs that impact their well-being. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the health status and self-perceived health of HP and examining the impact of homelessness on their health.MethodsWe used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach that integrated a quantitative cross-sectional study within critical social and ethno-sociological qualitative frameworks. Data were collected in Palma, Spain, from December 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. A total of 198 HP were recruited from the streets and public areas. Basic human needs (Virginia Henderson model), medical diagnoses, substance abuse (DAST-10), diet quality (IASE), depression (PHQ-9), and social support (SSQ-6) were assessed. Then, 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted and were analyzed using thematic content and discourse analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated and jointly analyzed.ResultsThe 79.3% of the participants were men, mean age of 47.8 ± 12.2 years. The 76.4% were Spanish. The participants reported severe difficulties in accessing the labor market, and that this greatly affected their self-esteem and mental health. The 48.9% of the participants suffered from one or more chronic diseases, and 50.3% were diagnosed with a mental health disorder. The participants generally did not consider health problems as a central concern. The health needs that most affected the participants were related to food, safety, and social support. HP frequently felt unsafe, fearfully, and anxious.ConclusionHomelessness, unemployment, and social exclusion have significant negative impacts on the health and wellbeing of HP. Precarious work conditions and deficiencies in the welfare system contribute significantly to homelessness. These results highlight the need for systemic solutions that extend beyond short-term housing initiatives.

El presente ensayo señala la importancia de la coordinación motriz para el desarrollo de las capacidades físicas en estudiantes del nivel primario. La coordinación motriz es de gran importancia para el desarrollo de capacidades físicas en estudiantes de primaria, por cuanto involucra la capacidad de controlar y combinar movimientos musculares para lograr una acción motriz eficiente. A través de actividades que promueven la coordinación motriz, los estudiantes pueden desarrollar habilidades motrices fundamentales con mayor eficiencia y control, como correr, saltar, lanzar y atrapar, esenciales para realizar actividades físicas, deportivas, recreativas y lúdicas en el aula. Asimismo, la coordinación motriz ejerce un impacto positivo en el desarrollo cognitivo y emocional de los estudiantes, debido a que estimula la conexión entre el cerebro y el cuerpo, lo que puede mejorar la concentración, la memoria y la capacidad de resolución de problemas, lo que puede aumentar la confianza y autoestima de los estudiantes.

Contact tracing played a crucial role in minimizing the onward dissemination of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the recent pandemic. Previous studies had also shown the effectiveness of preventive measures such as mask-wearing, physical distancing, and exposure duration in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the impact of various exposure settings on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within the community, as well as the most effective preventive measures, considering the preventive measures adherence in different daily scenarios. We aimed to evaluate the effect of individual protective measures and exposure settings on the community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the interaction between different exposure settings and preventive measures in relation to such SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Routine SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing information was supplemented with additional data on individual measures and exposure settings collected from index patients and their close contacts. We used a case-control study design, where close contacts with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were classified as cases, and those with negative results classified as controls. We used the data collected from the case-control study to construct a Bayesian network (BN). BNs enable predictions for new scenarios when hypothetical information is introduced, making them particularly valuable in epidemiological studies. Our results showed that ventilation and time of exposure were the main factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In long time exposure, ventilation was the most effective factor in reducing SARS-CoV-2, while masks and physical distance had on the other hand a minimal effect in this ventilation spaces. However, face masks and physical distance did reduce the risk in enclosed and unventilated spaces. Distance did not reduce the risk of infection when close contacts wore a mask. Home exposure presented a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and any preventive measures posed a similar risk across all exposure settings analyzed. Bayesian network analysis can assist decision-makers in refining public health campaigns, prioritizing resources for individuals at higher risk, and offering personalized guidance on specific protective measures tailored to different settings or environments.

BackgroundDuring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, nurses of primary health care has been an important role in Spain. Even so, the data obtained in the tracing have been scarcely used to investigate the possible mechanisms of transmission. Few studies focused on community transmission, evaluating the effectiveness of individual protective measures and exposure environment. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the association between individual protective measures and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community and to compare secondary attack rates in different exposure settings.MethodsA case–control study from contact tracing of SARS-CoV-2 index patients. COVID-19 contact tracing was led by nurses at the COVID-19 Coordinating Centre in Majorca (Spain). During the systematic tracing, additional information for this study was collected from the index patient (social-demographic variables, symptoms, the number of close contacts). And also, the following variables from their close contacts: contact place, ventilation characteristics mask-wearing, type of mask, duration of contact, shortest distance, case-contact relationship, household members, and handwashing, the test result for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic. Close contacts with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were classified as “cases” and those negative as “controls.”ResultsA total of 1,778 close contacts from 463 index patients were identified. No significant differences were observed between the sexes but between age groups. Overall Secondary Attack Rate (SAR) was 24.0% (95% CI: 22.0–26.0%), 36.9% (95% CI: 33.2–40.6%) in closed spaces without ventilation and 50.7% (95% CI: 45.6–55.8%) in exposure time > 24 h. A total of 49.2% of infections occurred among household members. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that open-air setting (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27–0.71), exposure for less than 1 h (OR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.11–0.32), and wearing a mask (OR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.85) had a protective effect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community.ConclusionVentilation of the space, mask-wearing and shorter exposure time were associated with a lower risk of transmission in the community. The data obtained allowed an assessment of community transmission mechanisms and could have helped to improve and streamline tracing by identifying close contacts at higher risk.

BackgroundNumerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic control in people with prediabetes. However, the most effective exercise modality for improving glycemic control remains unclear. We aimed to assess which exercise training modality is most effective in improving glycemic control in a population with prediabetes.MethodsWe conducted searches in Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PEDro, BVS, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2022. Included studies reported fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2-hour postprandial (2hPP) levels and implemented an exercise program lasting at least 12 weeks in adults with prediabetes. We performed a direct meta-analysis using a random-effects model and a network meta-analysis. Cochran’s Q statistic and the inconsistency I2 test were used to assess the heterogenicity between studies.ResultsTwenty trials were included, with 15 trials (comprising 775 participants with prediabetes) combined in the meta-analysis, and 13 in the network meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results did not show a statistically significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) after aerobic training (AT) intervention compared to a control group (mean (95%CI) difference = -5.18 (-13.48; 3.12) mg/dL, Z=1.22, p=0.22). However, a difference of -7.25 (-13.79; -0.71) mg/dL, p=0.03, in FPG after interval training (IT) intervention was detected compared to a control group. After resistance training (RT) intervention, FPG was significantly lower -6.71 (-12.65,-0.77) mg/dL, Z=2.21, p=0.03, and HbA1c by -0.13 (-0.55, 0.29), p=0.54, compared to the control group. The impact of RT compared to no intervention on 2hPP was not statistically significant (p=0.26). The network meta-analysis did not show statistical significance. Most of the studies presented an unclear risk of bias, and a low and very low-quality of evidence. According to the GRADE criteria, the strength of the body of evidence was low.ConclusionResistance training and IT had demonstrated benefits on glycemic indices, especially on FPG, in a population with prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and a more robust methodology that compare different types of exercise modalities, frequencies, and durations, are needed to establish a beneficial exercise intervention.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=370688, identifier CRD42022370688.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de actividad física deportiva (AFD) y los perfiles motivacionales en estudiantes del ISFODOSU, República Dominicana. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo y transaccional. Se aplicó una encuesta para evaluar el tiempo promedio, la frecuencia y los motivos de esta práctica, en una muestra de 351 estudiantes. El muestreo que se aplicó fue el probabilístico estratificado proporcional. Los resultados muestran que, a diferencia de las mujeres, los hombres les dan mayor importancia a los motivos: porque le gusta la actividad físico-deportiva, por diversión y pasar el tiempo, porque son buenos en el deporte y le gustan competir. Las mujeres se motivan por: satisfacción personal, por mantener la línea y por escapar de la rutina. Se concluye que los motivos entre hombres y mujeres difieren entre sí, siendo las mujeres más sedentarias que los hombres.

Highlights There is a lack of evidence exploring sex- and age-related differences on the epidemiological risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In our sample, hepatic steatosis assessed by FLI is more prevalent in men than women and is associated with age, lower social class and a dysmetabolic state characterized by prediabetes or diabetes, prehypertension or hypertension and low HDL-cholesterol. Importantly, we observed that although FLI-defined NAFLD is strongly associated with cardiometabolic imbalances in both sexes, its association with diabetes and hypertension is stronger in women than in men, regardless of age. We also observed that such association in women is evident even at stages preceding diabetes and hypertension and at younger ages.

Abstract Background Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are commonly used in hospital worldwide. However, PIVC are not exempt from complications. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) increase morbidity and mortality rates, and costs for the healthcare organization. PIVC care is shaped by the complex mix of professional and organizational culture, such as knowledge gaps, low perception of impact of PIVCs on patient safety, or lack of hospital guidelines. Aim To explore determinants of decision-making about the prevention of PIVC-BSI among nurses in Spanish hospitals. Methods We conducted a descriptive qualitative study with semi-structured interviews in three public hospitals, the Balearic Islands Health Care Service in Spain. We considered hospital ward nurses working routinely with inpatients at any of the three hospitals for enrolment in the study. We approached relevant informants to identify suitable participants who recruited other participants through a ‘snowball’ technique. Fourteen inpatient nurses from the hospital took part in this study between September and November 2018. We employed several triangulation strategies to underpin the methodological rigour of our analysis and conducted the member checking, showing the information and codes applied in the recording of the interviews to identify the coherence and any discrepancies of the discourse by participants. We used the COREQ checklist for this study. Findings We identified four major themes in the analysis related to determinants of care: The fog of decision-making in PIVC; The taskification of PIVC care; PIVC care is accepted to be suboptimal, yet irrelevant; and chasms between perceived determinants of poor PIVC care and its solutions. Conclusion The clinical management of PIVCs appear ambiguous, unclear, and fragmented, with no clear professional responsibility and no nurse leadership, causing a gap in preventing infections. Furthermore, the perception of low risk on PIVC care impact can cause a relevant lack of adherence to the best evidence and patient safety. Implementing facilitation strategies could improve the fidelity of the best available evidence regarding PIVC care and raise awareness among nurses of impact that excellence of care.

Stutzerimonas balearica (Pseudomonas balearica) has been found principally in oil-polluted environments. The capability of S. balearica to thrive from the degradation of pollutant compounds makes it a species of interest for potential bioremediation applications. However, little has been reported about the diversity of S. balearica. In this study, genome sequences of S. balearica strains from different origins were analyzed, revealing that it is a diverse species with an open pan-genome that will continue revealing new genes and functionalities as the genomes of more strains are sequenced. The nucleotide signatures and intra- and inter-species variation of the 16S rRNA genes of S. balearica were reevaluated. A strategy of screening 16S rRNA gene sequences in public databases enabled the detection of 158 additional strains, of which only 23% were described as S. balearica. The species was detected from a wide range of environments, although mostly from aquatic and polluted environments, predominantly related to petroleum oil. Genomic and phenotypic analyses confirmed that S. balearica possesses varied inherent capabilities for aromatic compounds degradation. This study increases the knowledge of the biology and diversity of S. balearica and will serve as a basis for future work with the species.

The human pathogen Yersinia pestis is responsible for bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. A deeply comprehensive overview of its historical context, bacteriological characteristics, genomic analysis based on ancient DNA (aDNA) and modern strains, and its impact on historical and actual human populations, is explored. The results from multiple studies have been synthesized to investigate the origins of plague, its transmission, and effects on different populations. Additionally, molecular interactions of Y. pestis, from its evolutionary origins to its adaptation to flea-born transmission, and its impact on human and wild populations are considered. The characteristic combinations of aDNA patterns, which plays a decisive role in the reconstruction and analysis of ancient genomes, are reviewed. Bioinformatics is fundamental in identifying specific Y. pestis lineages, and automated pipelines are among the valuable tools in implementing such studies. Plague, which remains among human history’s most lethal infectious diseases, but also other zoonotic diseases, requires the continuous investigation of plague topics. This can be achieved by improving molecular and genetic screening of animal populations, identifying ecological and social determinants of outbreaks, increasing interdisciplinary collaborations among scientists and public healthcare providers, and continued research into the characterization, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases.

Este trabajo reflexiona en torno al surgimiento de la universidad latinoamericana y su proceso evolutivo contextualizando épocas que sitúan la modernidad, la posmodernidad y la transmodernidad, siendo transversal la lógica de la cooptación y la dependencia intelectual a un proyecto ‘civilizador’ dominante euroccidental. Para ello, se empleó una metodología documental, de corte ensayístico-reflexivo, concluyendo que, cada una de estos movimientos culturales y políticos ha tenido y tienen aún un impacto relevante en los procesos de generación y producción de conocimiento, y en los focos de construcción de la sociedad. Cada uno de los movimientos presentados tiene como foco de atención la asunción de conocimiento desde la particularidad, no obstante, la apuesta final de este trabajo apunta al pensamiento complejo concebido como el eje dinamizador, multidimensionaly multifactorial de una nueva visión de universidad como institución al servicio social, político, técnico, económico y cultural de una sociedad

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la Educación Física como fundamento para el fortalecimiento de las habilidades motrices en adolescentes. La metodología que se aplicó fue de orientación cualitativa, ya que permitió revisar con criterio epistémico teorías y trabajos de investigación, sirviendo de sustento indagatorio. El diseño aplicado fue la revisión bibliográfica como herramienta en la orientación y selección de 12 autores y trabajos. Se consultaron las bases de datos Scopus, Web of science, SciElo, Dialnet, Redalyc, Google Académico, Trabajos de grado de Maestría y Doctorado, con data a 5 años. Dentro de los resultados, se evidencia que la experiencia deportiva estimula el desarrollo de habilidades motrices, permitiendo a los educandos del nivel secundario una experimentación individual para valorar sus capacidades y ponderar la participación en actividades de mayor complejidad. Se concluye que las diferentes orientaciones didácticas que desarrollan las capacidades físicas de los adolescentes, significan un aporte al conocimiento y al tratamiento efectivo de la formación y en el desarrollo de las actitudes físicas que en su evolución sirven de base para el conocimiento y fortalecimientos de las destrezas motrices y cognoscitivas.

Previous reports suggest that cord blood biomarkers could serve as a prognostic tool for conotruncal congenital heart defects (CHD). We aimed to describe the cord blood profile of different cardiovascular biomarkers in a prospective series of fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and D-transposition of great arteries (D-TGA) and to explore their correlation with fetal echocardiography and perinatal outcome.MethodsA prospective cohort study (2014–2019), including fetuses with isolated ToF and D-TGA and healthy controls, was conducted at two tertiary referral centers for CHD in Barcelona. Obstetric ultrasound and fetal echocardiography were performed in the third trimester and cord blood was obtained at delivery. Cord blood concentrations of N-terminal precursor of B-type natriuretic peptide, Troponin I, transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ), placental growth factor, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 were determined.ResultsThirty-four fetuses with conotruncal-CHD (22 ToF and 12 D-TGA) and 36 controls were included. ToF-fetuses showed markedly increased cord blood TGFβ (24.9 ng/ml (15.6–45.3) vs. normal heart 15.7 ng/ml (7.2–24.3) vs. D-TGA 12.6 ng/ml (8.7–37.9); P = 0.012). These results remained statistically significant even after adjusting for maternal body mass index, birth weight and mode of delivery. TGFß levels showed a negative correlation with the pulmonary valve diameter z-score at fetal echocardiography (r = −0.576, P = 0.039). No other differences were found in the rest of cord blood biomarkers among the study populations. Likewise, no other significant correlations were identified between cardiovascular biomarkers, fetal echocardiography and perinatal outcome.ConclusionsThis study newly describes increased cord blood TGFβ concentrations in ToF compared to D-TGA and normal fetuses. We also demonstrate that TGFβ levels correlate with the severity of right ventricle outflow obstruction. These novel findings open a window of research opportunities on new prognostic and potential preventive strategies.

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue evaluar la coordinación motriz de los estudiantes de 3ro A del “Centro Educativo Emilio Prud´Homme”, Santiago de los Caballeros, como una forma de observar actividades lúdicas en el fomento del aprendizaje y la integración en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes. Estuvo inserta en el contexto del paradigma cualitativo y el tipo de investigación fue etnográfica, dadas las características de convivencia del grado escolar seleccionado. La coordinación motriz es un proceso evolutivo complejo de adquisición progresiva, donde no solo es la tarea motriz coordinada, sino también el procesar y codificar conocimientos. La edad óptima para este desarrollo es entre los 6 y 11 años (educación primaria). Dentro de los resultados destacan que al saltar con los dos pies se observó descoordinación, en saltos longitudinales hubo muchos tropiezos y poca orientación. Como conclusión, la coordinación motriz fue valorada de forma importante y pertinente.

El entorno académico actual está sumergido dentro de las tecnologías. En este escenario, la ética se posiciona como una disciplina formativa, crítica y responsable. Para este artículo, desde un contexto universitario, se presentan las experiencias de cómo la dimensión ética se hace patente en una red universitaria de Aprendizaje-Servicio, denominada InèditNet. El objetivo del artículo es analizar, desde una perspectiva ética, trabajos académicos que se han realizado en la red y que han sido enriquecidos por la Tecnología Educativa (TE). Desde este objetivo se analizan las consideraciones éticas y se cartografían los valores o principios éticos que aparecen en los proyectos. La metodología es cualitativa y de corte hermenéutica y sistemática. Se analizan 22 trabajos académicos que fueron realizados dentro de InèditNet, todos ellos enriquecidos por la TE. Los resultados confirman, por un lado, que hay consideraciones éticas implícitas en la mayoría de los trabajos. Por otro, son recurrentes tres principios transversales: inclusión, compromiso y responsabilidad. En conclusión, la red tiene el reto de consolidar unos criterios éticos de rigor que permitan la formación en los agentes implicados de los proyectos con Aprendizaje-Servicio de un carácter moral basado en la innovación, la inclusión y la responsabilidad.

Elderly patients have a high incidence of falls that result in facial injuries. Many cases present with dental crown fractures and soft-tissue lacerations. The initial diagnosis is especially important in this type of dental trauma, since an initial error can result in the failure to establish the correct treatment from the very beginning, worsening the prognosis, which, in the worst case, can compromise the teeth affected by the trauma. Case report: We present the case of a patient, a 79-year-old woman, who suffered an accidental fall. The patient was examined by a dentist in the emergency room. She was diagnosed with a simple crown fracture of the right upper central incisor and right upper lateral incisor without any pulpal involvement and with laceration of the lower lip. Months later, she had an episode of inflammation in the lower lip, and she developed edema and pain. An X-ray of the lower lip revealed a radiopaque mass compatible with a fragment of dental tissue due to the inclusion of remnants of the dental tissue resulting from the previous accident fall. Conclusions: The population of geriatric patients is steadily increasing in our society, and a higher frequency of falls has been observed in this age group, affecting the maxillofacial region, with consequent dental trauma on many occasions. Therefore, as professionals, we must pay special attention to the prevention and treatment of this problem, insisting on the importance of routine investigation in the emergency visit for dental trauma, which includes a meticulous examination of the soft tissues accompanied by a radiographic examination, when the inclusion of foreign bodies is suspected.

Although the association between risk factors and non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) failure has been extensively studied, methods to predict the outcomes of NSRCT are in an early stage, and dentists currently make the treatment prognosis based mainly on their clinical experience. Since this involves different sources of error, we investigated the use of machine learning (ML) models as a second opinion to support the clinical decision on whether to perform NSRCT. We undertook a retrospective study of 119 confirmed and not previously treated Apical Periodontitis cases that received the same treatment by the same specialist. For each patient, we recorded the variables from a newly proposed data collection template and defined a binary outcome: Success if the lesion clears and failure otherwise. We conducted tests for detecting the association between the variables and the outcome and selected a set of variables as the initial inputs into four ML algorithms: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Naive-Bayes (NB), and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN). According to our results, RF and KNN significantly improve (p-values < 0.05) the sensitivity and accuracy of the dentist’s treatment prognosis. Taking our results as a proof of concept, we conclude that future randomized clinical trials are worth designing to test the clinical utility of ML models as a second opinion for NSRCT prognosis.

Al desarrollar este trabajo se consideró como propósito principal estudiar la dramatización pedagógica para optimizar el estadio cognoscitivo-emocional en estudiantes de Educación Física del Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU), el cual se desarrolló durante el cuatrimestre 3-2021. La metodología aplicada fue un enfoque descriptivo transversal, basado en un componente de carácter cualitativo. La técnica de recolección de datos utilizada fueron los Test de Inteligencia Emocional y de Desarrollo Emocional. La población considerada fue de 289 estudiantes y la muestra fue de 14 estudiantes, todos de la Licenciatura en Educación Física. La organización y discriminación de la información fue realizada a través del programa Atlas. Ti. Los resultados obtenidos de los instrumentos indican que los estudiantes mostraron ciertas debilidades en lo cognitivo y en el manejo de las emociones en las actividades regulares de clases, cuya superación fue fortalecida en el desarrollo de la aplicación de la herramienta de dramatización. Se concluyó, mediante una caracterización de los hallazgos, que la dramatización constituye un recurso pedagógico adecuado para lograr el desarrollo del estadio emocional-cognitivo, en las diferentes dimensiones abordadas. Es una posibilidad didáctica y de acompañamiento en los procesos formativos.

Abstract Purpose The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychometric properties of the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), determine the role of the method effect in the performance of the instrument, and identify the relationship with health perception, quality of life, and sleep quality in patients at cardiovascular risk. Methods The final sample consisted of 293 patients at cardiovascular risk, with a mean age of 61.9 years (SD = 8.8), 49.8% of whom were women. The SOC-13, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale (MOS-Sleep) were administered. In addition, the participant's self-perceived health and quality of life were also evaluated. All analyses were carried out with SPSS 26.0 and EQS 6.1 statistical software. Results The results showed adequate reliability for the SOC-13, with a Cronbach's alpha of .789. The fit of the structures was not adequate in any of the cases (.26 to .62 for one factor, .26 to.73 for three factors, .20 to .54 for one second-order factor, and .25, .42, and .54 for three first-order factors). The three structure models showed an improved fit when adding a latent factor resulting from the method effect (.6 to .85 for one factor, .11 to.90 for three factors, and .11 to .96 for one second-order factor). Moreover, positive correlations were found with health perception, perceived quality of life, and perceived sleep quality. Conclusion The SOC-13 is a suitable instrument for patients with cardiovascular risk in Spain, and it is also an indicator of health perception, quality of life, and perceived quality of sleep. Control of the method effect improves the fit of the instrument’s structure. As a future direction, it is recommended to conduct new studies in this and other samples and using different versions of the SOC. Trial registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN76069254, 08/04/2015 retrospectively registered.

Food insecurity in recent years has increased worldwide due to many planetary events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, the climate crisis, and globalization of markets. Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable group to food insecurity, as they enter adulthood with less parental supervision and greater personal autonomy, but less legislative or institutional protection. The experience of food insecurity in adolescents is influenced by several environmental factors at different levels (interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal), although they are not usually addressed in the design of interventions, prioritizing the individual behavioural factors. We present a scoping review protocol for assessing and identifying the environmental factors that could influence adolescents' food insecurity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to prepare the protocol. The search strategy will be performed in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, EBSCOHost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Plus. The reference list of the included studies will also be hand-searched. Grey literature will be search through the electronic database Grey Literature Report, and local, provincial, national, and international organisations' websites. Assessment of eligibility after screening of titles, abstract and full text, and the resolution of discrepancies will be performed by three independent reviewers. This scoping review will contribute to refine the "logic model of the problem" which constitutes the first step in the intervention mapping protocol. The "logic model of the problem" from the intervention mapping protocol will serve to classify and analyse the environmental factors. The findings from this review will be presented to relevant stakeholders that have a role in shaping the environmental factors.

BackgroundLoneliness is a significant well-being issue that affects older adults. Existing, commonly used social connection platforms do not contain facilities to break the cognitive cycle of loneliness, and loneliness interventions implemented without due processes could have detrimental effects on well-being. There is also a lack of digital technology designed with older adults. ObjectiveWe aimed to iteratively design a user-centered smartphone app that can address loneliness in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the loneliness-related psychological processes that our conceptual smartphone app promotes. We also identified the emergent needs and concerns that older adults raised regarding the potential benefits and detriments of the app. MethodsWe used technology probes to elicit older adults’ reflections on the concept of using the app in 2 studies as follows: concept focus groups (n=33) and concept interviews (n=10). We then conducted a prototype trial with 1 week of use and follow-up interviews (n=12). ResultsThematic analysis explored the experiences and emergent challenges of our app through the design process. This led to the development of 4 themes as follows occurring in all 3 qualitative data sets: reflection on a digital social map is reassuring; app features encourage socializing; the risk of compounding loneliness; and individuals feel more control with mutual, socially beneficial activities. ConclusionsSmartphone apps have the potential to increase older adults’ awareness of the richness of their social connections, which may support loneliness reduction. Our qualitative approach to app design enabled the inclusion of older adults’ experiences in technology design. Thus, we conclude that the older adults in our study most desired functionalities that can support mutual activities and maintain or find new connections rather than enable them to share an emotional state. They were wary of the app replacing their preferred in-person social interaction. Participants also raised concerns about making the user aware of the lack of support in their social network and wanted specific means of addressing their needs. Further user-centered design work could identify how the app can support mutual activities and socializing.

BackgroundIt is known that people with prediabetes increase their risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), which constitutes a global public health concern, and it is associated with other diseases such as cardiovascular disease.MethodsThis study aimed to determine those factors with high influence in the development of T2D once prediabetes has been diagnosed, through a Bayesian network (BN), which can help to prevent T2D. Furthermore, the set of features with the strongest influences on T2D can be determined through the Markov blanket. A BN model for T2D was built from a dataset composed of 12 relevant features of the T2D domain, determining the dependencies and conditional independencies from empirical data in a multivariate context. The structure and parameters were learned with the bnlearn package in R language introducing prior knowledge. The Markov blanket was considered to find those features (variables) which increase the risk of T2D.ResultsThe BN model established the different relationships among features (variables). Through inference, a high estimated probability value of T2D was obtained when the body mass index (BMI) was instantiated to obesity value, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to more than 6 value, the fatty liver index (FLI) to more than 60 value, physical activity (PA) to no state, and age to 48–62 state. The features increasing T2D in specific states (warning factors) were ranked.ConclusionThe feasibility of BNs in epidemiological studies is shown, in particular, when data from T2D risk factors are considered. BNs allow us to order the features which influence the most the development of T2D. The proposed BN model might be used as a general tool for prevention, that is, to improve the prognosis.

El estudio tuvo como propósito analizar las posibilidades para optimizar la praxis educativa desde la modalidad virtual en el Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña, Recinto Luis Napoleón Núñez Molina en la República Dominicana, inserto en los estudios de campo en el nivel descriptivo. El interés principal se centró en que las clases en línea han sido un factor que ha afectado la parte emocional de los estudiantes y en algunos casos, una limitante para el desarrollo normal de las actividades educativas, específicamente en Educación Física en esta coyuntura de la pandemia por el Covid-19. Para ello se efectuó un diagnóstico sistemático de la situación actual y se realizaron las fases correspondientes a la buena práctica, innovando algunas estrategias de participación de los estudiantes. Dentro de los resultados, se pudo evidenciar que la mayoría de las opiniones se orientan hacia las limitaciones, producto de la pandemia para la práctica de las actividades físicas que requiere la asignatura Tiempo Libre y Estilo de Vida Saludable. Entre las conclusiones más resaltantes, se puede mencionar: Desarrollar estrategias pedagógicas, donde participe la mayor cantidad de estudiantes a fin de favorecer el programa de esta asignatura y minimizar los impactos emocionales del Covid-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic is worsening loneliness for many older people through the challenges it poses in engaging with their social worlds. Digital technology has been offered as a potential aid, however, many popular digital tools have not been designed to address the needs of older adults during times of limited contact. We propose that the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) could be a foundation for digital loneliness interventions. While SIMIC is a well-established approach for maintaining wellbeing during life transitions, it has not been rigorously applied to digital interventions. There are known challenges to integrating psychological theory in the design of digital technology to enable efficacy, technology acceptance, and continued use. The interdisciplinary field of Human Computer Interaction has a history of drawing on models originating from psychology to improve the design of digital technology and to design technologies in an appropriate manner. Drawing on key lessons from this literature, we consolidate research and design guidelines for multidisciplinary research applying psychological theory such as SIMIC to digital social interventions for loneliness.

La educación inclusiva se ha convertido en una necesidad para las sociedades actuales. De allí que los derechos humanos abogan por una educación de calidad y en equidad para las personas con discapacidades y necesidades educativas especiales. La Educación Física es un área fundamental para promover una educación inclusiva que permita mejorar la calidad de vida del alumnado. Para lograr los objetivos del currículo, es necesario el diseño de actividades adaptadas que exigen la planificación de estrategias que permita acceder a su formación considerando las limitaciones de cada individuo y así obtener una educación integral. En este estudio nos avocaremos a realizar una revisión de las principales estrategias pedagógicas usadas en la enseñanza de la Educación Física en alumnos con discapacidades y necesidades educativas especiales.

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROMs) before viability carries significant perinatal mortality and morbidity. Clinical management and prenatal counselling are a challenge, especially in twin pregnancies, due to scarce evidence on how previable PPROM affects this population. The aim of this study was to describe pregnancy outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated with previable PPROM and evaluate potential prognostic factors that may predict perinatal mortality. A retrospective cohort including dichorionic and monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies complicated with PPROM before 24 + 0 weeks of pregnancy was evaluated. Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies managed expectantly were described. Factors predicting perinatal mortality or reaching periviability (defined from 23 + 0 weeks onwards) were evaluated. Of the 45 patients included, 7 (15.6%) spontaneously delivered within the first 24 h after diagnosis. Two patients (5.3%) requested selective termination of the affected twin. In the 36 ongoing pregnancies that opted for expectant management, the overall survival rate was 35/72 (48.6%). There were 25/36 (69.4%) patients who delivered after 23 + 0 weeks of pregnancy. When periviability was achieved, neonatal survival increased up to 35/44 (79.5%). Gestational age at delivery was the only independent risk factor of perinatal mortality. The overall survival rate of twin pregnancies complicated with previable PPROM is poor but similar to singletons. No prognostic factors, apart from achieving periviability, were identified as individual predictors of perinatal mortality.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem associated with liver morbimortality, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of NAFLD (defined as a fatty liver index [FLI] ≥ 60) and its association with other cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors in patients with prediabetes and overweight/obesity. The present cross-sectional analysis uses baseline data from an ongoing randomized clinical trial. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, CVR (assessed by the REGICOR-Framingham risk equation), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and FLI-defined NAFLD (cut-off value of ≥60) were assessed. The prevalence of FLI-defined NAFLD was 78% overall. Men exhibited a worse cardiometabolic profile as compared to women, specifically, with higher values of systolic blood pressure (137.02 ± 13.48 vs. 131.22 ± 14.77 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (85.33 ± 9.27 vs. 82.3 ± 9.12 mmHg), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (27.23 ± 12.15 vs. 21.23 ± 10.05 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (34.03 ± 23.31 vs. 21.73 ± 10.80 IU/L), and higher CVR (5.58 ± 3.16 vs. 3.60 ± 1.68). FLI-defined NAFLD was associated with elevated AST, ALT, and the presence of MetS (73.7%) and CVR for the whole sample. People with prediabetes present a high burden of comorbidities related to CVR, despite clinical follow-up, and it is recommended to actively begin working with them to reduce their risks.

Background: In higher education, there is a lack of knowledge about how individual factors influence personal preferences for teaching methodology and academic outcomes in biostatistics among nursing students. This study sought to evaluate the associations between personality traits and preferences for the flipped classroom or traditional lessons, satisfaction, and achievement in a biostatistics course in nursing education. Methods: The cross-sectional study included data collection at two time points. During the 2018–2019 academic course, the flipped classroom approach was implemented into a biostatistics course of the nursing degree at the University of the Balearic Islands (Spain). Students responded to an online questionnaire including sociodemographic data, personality traits, locus of control, satisfaction, teaching quality, student involvement, and effort. After the final examination, students’ achievements were collected. Results: A total of 137/161 (85.1%) students were included in the study. Most students preferred a flipped classroom to traditional lectures. Students who scored high in neuroticism preferred the traditional class (p < 0.001). Furthermore, personality was associated with satisfaction: high levels of responsibility and internal locus of control were significantly associated with higher satisfaction (p < 0.05). The percentage of students who did not pass the biostatistics exam was reduced by 50% with the flipped classroom methodology (33% vs. 15%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A flipped classroom is adequate for the biostatistics course. Teachers should reconsider possible reservations about new teaching methods, which can be related to student personality.

La presente investigación se orientó a indagar las emociones mostradas por los estudiantes ante la situación del Covid-19, Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña, Recinto Luis Napoleón Núñez Molina y su impacto en el estrés, ansiedad y depresión provocando la falta de interés en aprender, desfavoreciendo su proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El Objetivo General consistió en crear estrategias que ayuden a controlar las emociones mostradas por los Estudiantes ante la situación de la pandemia. El itinerario metodológico utilizado fue el estudio de campo en su nivel descriptivo y como técnica de recolección de información el cuestionario tipo encuesta, que de acuerdo a su naturaleza da cuenta de la necesaria búsqueda de elementos y teorías, que tratan y exponen el tema, lo que sirvió de bases para el ulterior análisis, sobre la naturaleza de este asunto tan vital para la sociedad y la universidad. Dentro de los resultados se logró establecer y aplicar estrategias de juegos mentales para restablecer los niveles de concentración en los estudios de manera adecuada, a propósito de la pandemia. Dentro de las conclusiones: La realización de entrenamiento mental que se adecúe a la situación que se vive con el Covid-19, ha sido de utilidad, lo que ha permitido obtener un buen avance en el nivel académico de los estudiantes y el liberar el estrés que han tenido por la pandemia.

Abstract. One in three monochorionic twins may develop complications during pregnancy. Monochorionic twins, especially monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), present specific problems caused by the presence of interfetal placental anastomoses. The first critical step in the management of MCDA twins is identification in the first trimester. Secondly, close follow-up every 2 weeks is mandatory to allow early diagnosis and timely treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Other potentially severe complications include selective fetal growth restriction, twin anemia polycythemia syndrome or single fetal death. Thirdly, a correct differential diagnosis is critical to establish the best therapy. This may represent a clinical challenge since MCDA twin complications often overlap. A simple diagnostic algorithm may be of great help to establish the right diagnosis and management option. In this review we summarize the main steps for the clinical follow-up, differential diagnosis, and targeted management of MCDA twins complications.

El involucramiento educativo en labores de investigación es trascendental para que el estudiantado se relacione con las tareas y objetivos trazados a corto y largo plazo. Se realizaron 4 proyectos de investigación (2016-2019), en los cuales se evaluaron extractos de las plantas Crescentia cujete, Lippia alba, Aloe vera, Bixa orellana, Psidium guajava y Jatropha gossypilfolia, a las que se les determinó la actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica, el efecto hipoglucemiante de extractor en ratones diabéticos, y toxicidad sobre Artemia sp. Dichas investigaciones sirvieron para optimizar el grado de motivación y el buen rendimiento del estudiantado durante el periodo de pasantías, lo cual incentivó necesidades de cooperación en la investigación. Lo anterior mejoró las relaciones entre estudiantes y el personal del laboratorio; para que las relaciones resultaran más gratificantes, se enfrentaron a las metas y objetivos personales. Se observaron otros beneficios que coadyuvaron al optimismo, sociabilidad y el compañerismo entre el estudiantado. Por otra parte, la experimentación en el área de fitoquímica favoreció el compromiso, ya que en ella se prestó atención, se cumplió con los trabajos de investigación y se logró emplazar las relaciones científico-educativas.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) en los procesos educativos y formativos de la educación secundaria. Para ello se diseñó y aplicó una investigación de campo de carácter descriptivo. El instrumento de recolección de información fue la encuesta. El universo estuvo constituido por cinco (5) instituciones de educación media, y la muestra por veinticinco estudiantes seleccionados de forma intencional. Las conclusiones más resaltantes: desconocimiento de las TIC por la mayoría del estudiantado; existe un número significativo de estudiantes que no participa en intercambios educativos utilizando las TIC; hay poca cultura en el uso de las TIC como herramienta de intercambio educativo, y se percibe disposición para estudiar las TIC como posibilidad educativa. Como recomendaciones: Sugerir el uso de las estrategias pedagógicas basadas en TIC en las diferentes áreas del saber y en las instituciones de formación en todos los niveles y modalidades, planificar y ejecutar cursos de capacitación sobre las TIC como herramientas para el mejoramiento de las actividades escolares. Se sugiere, como ideas para el debate, que las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación incrementan el impacto que ejercen en diversos contextos, específicamente, en el educativo; profesorado y alumnado tienen a su disposición un amplio rango de posibilidades en cuanto a su uso.

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados del estudio sobre la formación docente universitaria, desde una perspectiva crítica de sus actores, cuyo objetivo fue comparar los programas de formación docente en el Recinto Luis Napoleón Núñez Molina (RLNNM), de República Dominicana y a la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador- Instituto Pedagógico de Maturín (UPEL-IPM), Venezuela. Su pertinencia e importancia se justifica, porque son los protagonistas quienes precisan las evidencias a partir de las cuales se basan los resultados. La metodología empleada fue la fenomenología, para ello se eligieron al azar 5 docentes de manera intencional, 3 del RLNNM, y 2 de la UPEL-IPM, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario indagatorio sobre el proceso de formación. Los principales resultados fueron: la mayoría opina que los programas, en ambas instituciones, es adecuado; existe una marcada vinculación, entre los programas de formación docente, y el entorno social. La calidad de los programas de formación, en las dos instituciones, están en una relación estrecha con los aprendizajes de los estudiantes; los discursos evidencian el predominio de una práctica pedagógica que enfatiza los resultados, en lugar de los procesos de formación y adquisición de conocimientos.

La Educación Física en el estado Sucre Venezuela tiene una historia que data del siglo XIX y que sigue un recorrido evolutivo hasta el presente. Ese acontecimiento oficial se cuenta desde documentos, sin precisar aportes y cambios que los propios docentes han hecho a la luz de las transformaciones estructurales y curriculares habidas. Por ello, la investigación se soportó en el método Historia de vida para, desde los relatos de vida de entrevistas a siete (7) informantes clave acerca de la obra de Miguel Bennasar Camargo, para volver a mirar la historia de la Educación Física en el estado Sucre. La metodología aplicada fue el enfoque cualitativo, método historia de vida, técnica entrevista a profundidad, instrumento grabación. Como hallazgos se encontró que la experiencia biográfica de Don Miguel fue más allá de lo escolar y alcanzó lo dirigencial, el arbitraje, lo exclusivamente deportivo en diversas disciplinas, además de lo artístico y lo cultural.

Abstract Background Cyberbullying among children and adolescents is a major public health concern. However, research has not yet definitively identified the risk factors associated with cybervictimization. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of cybervictimization with use of social networks, personality traits and parental education in secondary students. Methods The study population consisted of 765 secondary students (56.5% girls) from Majorca (Spain) who were aged 15.99 years (grade 4). The data were from the 16 secondary school centers that participated in the ITACA Project, a multi-center, cluster randomized controlled trial. Cybervictimization was measured by the Garaigordobil Cybervictimization Scale, and the Big Five Questionnaire for Children was used to assess personality traits. Results Results showed that 39.9% of the students were cybervictims. Univariate analysis indicated that more girls than boys were cybervictimized (43.1% vs 35.7%). Cybervictims spent more time in social networking sites than non-victims (6 h 30 min vs. 5 h 16 min) and had greater emotional instability (0.16 vs. -0.23) and extraversion (0.11 vs. -0.09) and were less conscientious (− 0.001 vs. 0.20). Multivariable analysis indicated that social networking time was not significantly associated with cybervictimization after controlling for personality traits, but the same personality traits remained significantly associated. Conclusions Our findings indicate that cyberbullying is a frequent and relevant problem in adolescents. Big Five personality traits are related with cybervictimization. Possible ways to design interventions include promoting social leisure activities, encourage responsible attitudes and provide stress coping tools.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in pregnancy and it is associated with adverse pregnancy-related outcomes such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and low birth weight. Maternal systemic inflammation is proposed to be one of the main intermediate mechanisms. However, the effects of OSA on systemic inflammation are unknown in normal pregnancy.Methods: Women in the 3rd trimester underwent hospital polysomnography to evaluate whether OSA increases systemic inflammation in normal pregnancy and its potential association with adverse fetal outcomes. OSA was defined as an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 5 h−1. Plasma cytokines levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) were determined by multiple immunoassays.Results: We included 11 patients with OSA and 22 women with AHI < 5 h−1, who were homogeneous in age, and body mass index (BMI). Women with OSA had significant higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10. We found significant correlations between AHI during REM and TNF-α (r = 0.40), IL-1β (r = 0.36), IL-6 (r = 0.52), IL-8 (r = 0.43), between obstructive apnea index and TNF-α (r = 0.46) and between AHI and IL-1β (r = 0.43). We also found that CT90% was related to IL-8 (r = 0.37). There were no significant differences in neonatal characteristics; however, we found inverse correlations between TNF-α and IL-8 with birth weight (both r = −0.48), while IL-8 showed a significant inverse relationship with neonatal gestational age (r = −0.48).Conclusions: OSA in our normal pregnancy population was associated with higher systemic inflammation, which was related to obstructive events, especially during REM sleep. Moreover, systemic inflammation was inversely correlated with neonatal birth weight and age.

To assess the efficacy of different modalities and frequencies of physical exercise on glycaemic control in adults with prediabetes. A two-phase, parallel, randomised, controlled clinical trial will be carried out, in 210 participants. In phase 1, 120 participants will be randomized into four arms: (1) aerobic exercise, (2) aerobic exercise combined with resistance, (3) high-intensity intervallic exercise and (4) control group. In phase 2, 90 new participants will be randomized into three arms, using the exercise modality that showed the best glycaemic control in phase 1 in the following manner: (1) frequency of 5 days/week, (2) frequency of 3 days/week and (3) frequency of 2 days/week. The control group (n = 30) will be included in phase 1 to evaluate the effect of any type of intervention versus no intervention. Data collection will be performed at baseline and after 15 weeks of follow up. Sociodemographic data, medication, comorbidity, blood biochemical parameters, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, body composition, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, quality of life and sleep questionnaires will be collected. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep will be further determined with an accelerometer, and continuous glycaemia will be determined with a glycaemic monitor, both during seven days, at two time points. The main dependent variable will be the reduction in the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions. The impact of these interventions on health will also be evaluated through gene expression analysis in peripheral blood cells. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the glucose response to physical exercise in a population with prediabetes as well as improve physical exercise prescriptions for diabetes prevention. Increasing glycaemic control in people with prediabetes through physical exercise offers an opportunity to prevent diabetes and reduce associated comorbidities and health costs.

Introducción: en este estudio que trata sobre las estrategias de enseñanza como herramienta motivacional, se discute el impacto de la gamificación y el interés en los contenidos de Educación Física en el currículo educativo y su impacto en el desarrollo motor de los sujetos de aprendizaje y el área afectiva. La pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: ¿cómo influye la gamificación en Educación Física en la motivación en el proceso académico de estudiantes de la República Dominicana? El propósito principal consistió en analizar la gamificación en la clase de Educación Física como estrategia didáctica de motivación académica en la República Dominicana. Metodología: como soporte, se basó en la metodología desk research, la cual consiste en el estudio y análisis de métodos y prácticas educativas que se emplean en cada uno de los niveles educativos, con preeminencia en el secundario. En este sentido, se realizó una revisión organizada y sistematizada de estudios que abordan el tema motivacional en las instituciones educativas y su impacto en la pedagogía contemporánea. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Scopus, SciELO y Google Académico; en total, 20 referencias. Resultados y discusión: entre los resultados se tiene que la gamificación de la Educación Física en el nivel secundario de la educación dominicana es importante para motivar su estudio y aprendizaje de forma significativa, lo que mejora sustancialmente el rendimiento académico en su formación integral. Conclusiones: como conclusión, las teorías, los documentos y los autores la consideran un factor primordial en la motivación de los estudiantes y en el caso de la Educación Física.

La editorial de este monográfico se dedica a dilucidar algunos aspectos relevantes de la Pedagogía Hospitalaria y, de manera especial, a relatar la importancia de las TIC como recursos que pueden facilitar la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas que conviven con una enfermedad, especialmente en lo referente al acceso a la educación, ya sea desde el domicilio o durante una hospitalización. Se presentan brevemente los artículos del monográfico, estructurados en dos bloques. El primer bloque, de carácter más general, se compone de tres artículos de carácter teórico sobre diferentes aspectos de la Pedagogía Hospitalaria. En el segundo bloque se presentan cinco artículos dedicados a experiencias de diseño de recursos tecnológicos con diferentes propósitos como la sensibilización respecto a determinadas enfermedades, la atención educativa durante la pandemia, el diseño de repositorios de recursos dedicados, en un caso, a la gestión de la muerte en los centros educativos y, en otro, a facilitar el acceso a recursos de contenidos a una Asociación del campo de la Pedagogía Hospitalaria.

Activity recognition using wearable sensors has become essential for a variety of applications. Tri-axial accelerometers are the most widely used sensor for activity recognition. Although various features have been used to capture patterns and classify the accelerometer signals to recognise activities, there is no consensus on the best features to choose. Reducing the number of features can reduce the computational cost and complexity and enhance the performance of the classifiers. This paper identifies the signal features that have significant discriminative power between different human activities. It also investigates the effect of sensor placement location, the sampling frequency, and activity complexity on the selected features. A comprehensive list of 193 signal features has been extracted from accelerometer signals of four publicly available datasets, including features that have never been used before for activity recognition. Feature significance was measured using the Joint Mutual Information Maximisation (JMIM) method. Common significant features among all the datasets were identified. The results show that the sensor placement location does not significantly affect recognition performance, nor does it affect the significant sub-set of features. The results also showed that with high sampling frequency, features related to signal repeatability and regularity show high discriminative power.

La educación tiene por tarea preparar individuos para retos, necesidades y oportunidades de un mundo globalizado; ahora con tecnología permeando las actividades del ser humano, teorías de aprendizaje tradicionales sin reconocer elementos de la alfabetización digital (conductismo, cognitivismo y constructivismo). Demandan cambios de pensamiento y más aún con la presencia del COVID-19, pandemia que impulsó aislamientos físicos sociales; aumentando la necesidad de dominar escenarios digitales. Lo anterior resalta al pensamiento computacional, como estrategia efectiva aplicada con el modelo presentado por el MIT-Harvard, con marco teórico definido y aplicado desde el año 2012. El objetivo de la investigación es diagnosticar el nivel de formación de competencias del pensamiento computacional para resolver problemas; y establecer desde un estudio cuantitativo con diseño no experimental transeccional la correlacional entre: las dimensiones conceptual, práctica y perspectiva computacional, con el desarrollo de competencias en pensamiento computacional para resolver problemas, implementado en un colegio público de Colombia con 133 estudiantes de educación media. El instrumento de diagnóstico, validado y categorizado por 32 problemas, dimensiona las habilidades para generar competencias, con similitudes al sistema educativo colombiano que promueve los aprendizajes con: el saber, saber hacer y saber ser; lo anterior se consolida como insumos para la generación de un ecosistema virtual de aprendizaje.

BackgroundThe global health emergency generated by the COVID-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented challenge to health care workers, who are facing heavy workloads under psychologically difficult situations. Mental mobile Health (mHealth) interventions are now being widely deployed due to their attractive implementation features, despite the lack of evidence about their efficacy in this specific population and context. ObjectiveThe aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational, mindfulness-based mHealth intervention to reduce mental health problems in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsWe conducted a blinded, parallel-group, controlled trial in Spain. Health care workers providing face-to-face health care to patients with COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive the PsyCovidApp intervention (an app targeting emotional skills, healthy lifestyle behavior, burnout, and social support) or a control app (general recommendations about mental health care) for 2 weeks. The participants were blinded to their group allocation. Data were collected telephonically at baseline and after 2 weeks by trained health psychologists. The primary outcome was a composite of depression, anxiety, and stress (overall score on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 [DASS-21]). Secondary outcomes were insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey), posttraumatic stress (Davidson Trauma Scale), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale), and DASS-21 individual scale scores. Differences between groups were analyzed using general linear modeling according to an intention-to-treat protocol. Additionally, we measured the usability of the PsyCovidApp (System Usability Scale). The outcome data collectors and trial statisticians were unaware of the treatment allocation. ResultsBetween May 14 and July 25, 2020, 482 health care workers were recruited and randomly assigned to PsyCovidApp (n=248) or the control app (n=234). At 2 weeks, complete outcome data were available for 436/482 participants (90.5%). No significant differences were observed between the groups at 2 weeks in the primary outcome (standardized mean difference –0.04; 95% CI –0.11 to 0.04; P=.15) or in the other outcomes. In our prespecified subgroup analyses, we observed significant improvements among health care workers consuming psychotropic medications (n=79) in the primary outcome (–0.29; 95% CI –0.48 to –0.09; P=.004), and in posttraumatic stress, insomnia, anxiety, and stress. Similarly, among health care workers receiving psychotherapy (n=43), we observed improvements in the primary outcome (–0.25; 95% CI –0.49 to –0.02; P=.02), and in insomnia, anxiety, and stress. The mean usability score of PsyCovidApp was high (87.21/100, SD 12.65). After the trial, 208/221 participants in the intervention group (94.1%) asked to regain access to PsyCovidApp, indicating high acceptability. ConclusionsIn health care workers assisting patients with COVID-19 in Spain, PsyCovidApp, compared with a control app, reduced mental health problems at 2 weeks only among health care workers receiving psychotherapy or psychotropic medications. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04393818; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04393818.

La era digital y los continuos avances tecnológicos generan cambios en la forma de vivir, actuar y pensar, exigiendo nuevas habilidades para ser competitivo e innovador. Los avances originan nuevas habilidades; inventos como la rueda, la bombilla, el automóvil, la computadora y la Internet, fueron estableciendo varios tipos de analfabetismo. Inicialmente el término comprendía a la incapacidad de leer y escribir; después la necesidad de una segunda lengua, y finalmente, destrezas mínimas para atender los retos de la sociedad del conocimiento con nuevos recursos digitales. Para el siglo XXI se llama alfabetización digital, con cambios obligatorios en la forma de pensar, actuar y resolver problemas. Como respuesta surge el pensamiento computacional, visto como la capacidad para resolver problemas con apoyo de la tecnología e informática. En el abanico de estrategias para lograr su desarrollo, se presentan los resultados acumulados en 2 años, desde un semillero de investigación.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the distribution of citations of nursing authors in Spanish in Google Scholar as well as to compare the possible differences between this source and Web of Science and Scopus. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on the citation systems offered by Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. Results: Nursing researchers present a verified mean h-index of 7.82 in Academic Google. 74% of researchers belong to the academic field, compared to 26%, who are in health services. Most of them live in Spain (83%), followed by Colombia (12%), Mexico (4%), and Chile (1%). In Spain, the community with the largest number of researchers is Andalusia (41.5%), followed by Valencia (14.6%), and Madrid (7.3%). Conclusion: The Google Scholar citation system requires adjustments in its algorithm for selecting works and citations, and it should also allow some system of confirmation by authors. Nursing can have relatively low h-index values compared to other courses due to short research development.

Little is known about the direct effects of microplastics (MPs) and their organic additives on marine bacteria, considering their role in the nutrient cycles, e.g., N-cycles through the N2-fixation, or in the microbial food web. To fill this gap of knowledge, we exposed marine bacteria, specifically diazotrophs, to pure MPs which differ in physical properties (e.g., density, hydrophobicity, and/or size), namely, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, and to their most abundant associated organic additives (e.g., fluoranthene, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane and dioctyl-phthalate). Growth, protein overproduction, direct physical interactions between MPs and bacteria, phosphorus acquisition mechanisms and/or N2-fixation rates were evaluated. Cyanobacteria were positively affected by environmental and high concentrations of MPs, as opposed to heterotrophic strains, that were only positively affected with high concentrations of ~120 μm-size MPs (detecting the overproduction of proteins related to plastic degradation and C-transport), and negatively affected by 1 μm-size PS beads. Generally, the organic additives had a deleterious effect in both autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria and the magnitude of the effect is suggested to be dependent on bacterial size. Our results show species-specific responses of the autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria tested and the responses (beneficial: the “good,” deleterious: the “bad” and/or both: the “double-sword”) were dependent on the type and concentration of MPs and additives. This suggests the need to determine the threshold levels of MPs and additives concentrations starting from which significant effects can be observed for key microbial populations in marine systems, and these data are necessary for effective environmental quality control management.

BackgroundFatty Liver Index (FLI) is strongly associated with changes in glycemic status and incident Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The probability of reverting to normoglycemia from a state prediabetes could be determined by FLI, however such relationship remains poorly understood.AimTo determine the clinical interest of using FLI to estimate prediabetes reversion at 5 years in patients with impaired fasting plasma glucose at baseline, and identify those factors associated with changes in FLI, that could contribute to the reversion of prediabetes.MethodsThis 5-year cohort study included 16,648 Spanish working adults with prediabetes. Prediabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 100 and 125 mg/dl according to the ADA criteria, while prediabetes reversion was defined as a FPG ResultsAt 5 years follow-up, 33.7% of subjects reverted to normoglycemia (annual rate of 6.7%). The adjusted binomial logistic regression model showed that scoring FLI ConclusionsRegular physical activity, healthy dietary habits and absence of hepatic steatosis are independently associated with the probability of reversion to normoglycemia in adult workers with prediabetes at baseline. Low FLI values (especially FLI< 30) may be useful to predict the probability of prediabetes reversion, especially in active subjects with healthy eating habits, and thus identify those who might benefit from early lifestyle intervention.

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito fundamental analizar la innovación educativa en como una posibilidad pedagógica trascendente en la formación universitaria, en Educación Física. Como metodología, se aborda desde la óptica de la hermenéutica, circunscrita en el paradigma interpretativo con perspectiva cualitativa. Se presenta como un informe de investigación cualitativa. Dentro de las conclusiones más resaltantes, se pueden mencionar: La innovación educativa en la universidad, es una posibilidad trascendente en el crecimiento afectivo, motriz y cognitivo de los estudiantes. La formación es un escenario que rompe los esquemas tradicionales, donde la enseñanza de la Educación Física, es un espacio para innovar. Como recomendación o idea final: En los retos universitarios se deben idear mecanismos alternativos, como la virtualidad educativa, para desarrollar los contenidos de Educación Física, estando de esta manera en sintonía con los procesos innovadores que circulan en la actualidad.