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Mini-screw assisted lower molar distalization was planned for a present mild Class III malocclusion case. Two mini-screws were inserted into the available inter-root area: one on the left, and the other on the right side in the posterior region in the mandible. Distalization of lower molars, premolars and canines were achieved. Orthodontic treatment lasted approximately 2.5 years with 1 year of molar distalization. Minimal relapse was seen in the postretention period. Dentoalveolar changes with mini-screw assisted lower molar distalization are reported in the present case.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the lower arch length discrepancy in a group of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Materials and Method: Pretreatment dental casts and panoramic radiographs of 23 patients (aged 9–19 years) with a nonsyndromic complete UCLP, without having large restorations/crowns, tooth agenesis, impacted or supernumerary teeth in the lower arch, and previous orthodontic and/or prosthetic treatment, were evaluated. All patients underwent lip and palate repair. Lower arch discrepancies were determined using the Hayes-Nance analysis. Panoramic radiographs were used to estimate the size of permanent premolars for the patients with late mixed dentition. The positive discrepancy defined diastema, whereas the negative discrepancy defined crowding in the lower arch. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequencies and percentages, and the differences were evaluated using the binomial test. Results: One out of 23 patients had no discrepancy in the lower arch. For the remaining patients (n = 22), the prevalence of diastema was 47.8% (n = 10), with a mean value of 3.6 ± 1.9 mm, and lower arch crowding was observed in 52.2% (n = 12), with a mean value of –2.9 ± 1.4 mm. No significant difference was found between the prevalence of crowding and diastema (p = 0.832). Conclusion: In patients with a UCLP, diastema can be encountered approximately at the same frequency as crowding in the lower arch. Crowding was at a low to mid-level.

Distraction osteogenesis technique has been successfully applied in the craniofacial area for long time, and it is being applied increasingly more in cleft lip and palate patients also. Especially in large cleft palate cases, bone grafting or surgical procedures such as distraction osteogenesis can be applied in order to ensure a smooth alveolar arc. In this literature review, alveolar (segmental) distraction osteogenesis applications in patients with cleft lip and palate, indications of the technique, advantages and disadvantages, application methods and types of appliances used for this purpose have been evaluated. As conclusion, especially with the application of alveolar (segmental) distraction osteogenesis, successful outcome can be achieved in cleft lip and palate patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency, maxillary hypoplasia and maxillary crowding, and this technique may be an alternative to conventional osteotomies and extraoral distractions.

This case report presents the treatment and posttreatment follow-up of 2 boys with severe skeletal Class II malocclusion with miniscrew anchorage-supported Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device (FRDMS). Miniscrews were inserted between the mandibular canine and first premolar root area bilaterally. The FRDMS treatment duration was 13 months in the first case and 11 months in the second case. The patients were treated with fixed orthodontic treatment afterward. The first patient was followed up for 1 year and 6 months and the second patient for 2 years and 8 months after fixed orthodontic treatment Essix retainers were worn fulltime for a period of 6 months and only at nighttime for the following 6 months in both cases after the fixed appliances. Lower incisor proclination was observed in both cases, although lower dentition anchorage was reinforced with miniscrews during Forsus FRD treatment. Favorable sagittal movement of the mandible was achieved in only 1 case. Overjet and molar correction were mainly at the dentoalveolar level in the other case. Occlusion was stable in the long-term.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with hybrid and PG retractors, which have differences in constancy of force.Materials and Method:Forty canine teeth of 10 orthodontic patients were distalized with hybrid or PG retractors. The GCF was sampled from the distal sides of the canines at baseline, hour 1, day 1, month 1, and month 2. In the PG group, samples were re-collected 1 hour and 1 day after reactivation at month 1. Two-way ANOVA, paired t test, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:The IL-1β level increased at hour 1 and month 2 in the upper and lower hybrid groups, whereas upper PG group increased at hour 1, month 1 + 1 hour, and month 2. The TNF-α level increased at hour 1 and declined afterward in the upper hybrid group. The only difference between the 2 retractors was found in TNF-α levels, which were higher at day 1 and month 2 in the upper PG group.Conclusion:Continuous but diminishing forces produced by PG mechanics enhanced levels of TNF-α significantly at day 1 and month 2 compared with the constant and continuous forces applied by the hybrid retractor in the upper arch. Despite this difference, both retractors induced similar effects in IL-1β and TNF-α production and in the amount of tooth movement.

The Latham technique is the initial interventional procedure used to treat the facial orthopedic problems found in unilateral (UCLP) or bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients. In cleft lip and palate patients, the soft tissue and basal abnormalities may have a recognizable pattern of deformity defined by excess or deficiency in anatomic form, position or direction within the craniofacial milieu. The Latham appliance applies controlled directional forces to reposition the displaced basal segments and realign soft tissue margins before corrective surgery is performed. In UCLP and BCLP patients, the Latham technique induces profound and complex orthodontic changes and it does not harm facial skeletal growth.

In this case report, three Class III cases with retrognathic maxilla and with skeletal or dental openbite tendency were treated with the face mask stabilized with headcap for 9–11 months. A removable appliance with 5 mm occlusal thickness were used as an intraoral anchorage. Protraction force was total of 800 g and headcap force was total of 600 g. In all cases, maxilla moved forward, mandible moved backward without any mandibular posterior rotation and Class I relationship, overbite and overjet were obtained. Following the retention period, the treatment results were stable.

Objective: To assess the demographic characteristics and to determine the cleft types, the characteristics of the syndrome and additional anomalies, and treatment needs of patients referred to Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) Council. Materials and Method: In this retrospective study, the records of 155 individuals (97 male, 58 female) referred to the council between 2014-2018 years were evaluated. Data obtained from anamnesis, clinical forms, speech records, ear-nose-throat examination results, records of plastic surgery, and orthodontic departments were transferred into digital media. The statistical evaluation of the obtained data was done by descriptive statistical analysis and determination of the frequencies of the data. Results: It was determined that patients referred to the council were from all geographical regions and different cities of the country. The ages of the patients were between 9 days and 57 years and the mean age was 10.2 years. The individuals were mostly between 0-6 years old (40.7 %) followed by the patients between 11-18 years of age (31.6%). Families of 19 cases had a history of CLP in the last 3 generations, and there were consanguineous marriages in 29 individuals. Unilateral cleft of the soft and hard palate and primary palate (Veau III) was the most common cleft type seen in the individuals (n=71, 45.8%). The most common problems were hearing loss (n=87), language and speech disorders (n=61) heart problems (n=8) and mental retardation (n=4). The accompanying syndromes were found to be Pierre Robin sequence in 2 cases, and Van Der Woude syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome and Cruzon syndrome, each in 1 case. Conclusion: The largest number of patients referred to the council were between 0-6 years of age. It was observed that 18.7% families of the individuals had consanguineous marriage. Unilateral CLP was seen more than bilateral CLP. Individuals with CLP were found to have additional anomalies in many different regions other than the facial anomalies. The most common additional problems were hearing loss followed by language and speech disorders, and as a syndrome; Pierre Robin sequence and hemifacial microsomia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal and dental stability and the adaptation of tongue and perioral soft tissue during retention treatment period. The sample included 22 Angle class I and/or class II, skeletal class I (15 females, 7 males, mean chronologic age 17.56±1.2) cases who had 4 premolar extracted. 18 measurements on lateral cephalometric and anteroposterior films, 4 measurements on dental casts, 16 measurements of the soft tissue were carried out at the end of active orthodontic treatment (T0), at the sixth (T1) and the ninth months (T2) of retention treatment period and evaluated statistically using ‘Wilcoxon test'. U6s(V) measurement showed a significant increase during T0-T1 (p