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Abstract Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) utilizing MeV ion beams provides valuable insights into surface elemental composition across the entire periodic table. While ion beam measurements have advanced towards high throughput for mapping applications, data analysis has lagged behind due to the challenges posed by large volumes of data and multiple detectors providing diverse analytical information. Traditional physics-based fitting algorithms for these spectra can be time-consuming and prone to local minima traps, often taking days or weeks to complete. This study presents an approach employing a Mixture Density Network (MDN) to model the posterior distribution of Elemental Depth Profiles (EDP) from input spectra. Our MDN architecture includes an encoder module (EM), leveraging a Convolutional Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN-GRU), and a Mixture Density Head (MDH) employing a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Validation across three datasets with varying complexities demonstrates that for simple and intermediate cases, the MDN performs comparably to the conventional automatic fitting method (Autofit). However, for more complex datasets, Autofit still outperforms the MDN. Additionally, our integrated approach, combining MDN with the automatic fit method, significantly enhances accuracy while still reducing computational time, offering a promising avenue for improved analysis in IBA.

The urgency of the problem of studying the refractive properties of the troposphere is determined by the increasing rate of use of radio meteorological parameters in the design and operation of GLONASS-GPS and GSM radio-electronic systems in various physical and climatic regions of the Earth, in particular in eastern Russia. Specialists are faced with an urgent need to study the laws governing the propagation of VHF-UHF radio waves taking into account the influence of all layers of the atmosphere as a medium with a variable refractive index. The article presents the calculation of the refractive index N based on meteorological data of the atmospheric-soil measuring complex, located on the measuring station in the Eravninsky district of the Republic of Buryatia. The dependences of the refractive index on atmospheric pressure, water vapor elasticity, and absolute air temperature are established.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the thymus are rare, usually aggressive, and prone to metastatic lesion. Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in thymic NET (TNEN) is associated with poor prognosis. Most of TNET express somatostatin receptors, it allows the use of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and SPECT/CT or PET/CT with 68Ga-labeled peptides for diagnosis and staging of the disease. Surgery (macroscopic-complete resection) is the mainstay treatment for TNET. Now, there are no unequivocal data in adjuvant therapy and its effectiveness. We present a case report of the pediatric patient with well differentiated atypical ACTH-producing thymic carcinoid. This localization was verified by whole body somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 111In-DTPA-octreotide (Octreoscan). The patient proceeded with the surgical treatment followed by remission of hypercorticism without adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor recurrence with redevelopment of ACTH-ectopic syndrome was detected after 67 months of observation.

Abstract On the path to full understanding of the structure-function relationship or even design of RNA, structure prediction would offer an intriguing complement to experimental efforts. Any deep learning on RNA structure, however, is hampered by the sparsity of labeled training data. Utilizing the limited data available, we here focus on predicting spatial adjacencies ("contact maps”) as a proxy for 3D structure. Our model, BARNACLE, combines the utilization of unlabeled data through self-supervised pre-training and efficient use of the sparse labeled data through an XGBoost classifier. BARNACLE shows a considerable improvement over both the established classical baseline and a deep neural network. In order to demonstrate that our approach can be applied to tasks with similar data constraints, we show that our findings generalize to the related setting of accessible surface area prediction.

Questions concerning the effect of environment on appearance, development and disappearance of archaeological cultures in the territory of southern Primorye have been addressed in the article. The chronological framework of the research is from the Late Palaeolithic through to the Middle Ages. Thirty three natural sections of different genesis have been examined for reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene — Holocene environment. Palynological, diatomic and radiocarbon methods have been used for their examination. The data on archaeological periods and cultures have been provided based on the analysis of materials of Primorye archaeological sites (including 14 Palaeolithic, 33 Neolithic, 30 Paleometal, and 15 Medieval). Climatic changes have been discussed in terms of their effect on the resource base of people. The earliest Palaeolithic sites, which 14C date approximately 16,000 years BP, were found in Eastern part of Primorye. Climate warming and rise of sea level in the Early Neolithic (ca. 8,000 years 14C BP) facilitated the growth of resource base and expansion of the Neolithic people with sustainable adaptation models in Primorye. This manifested in the appearance of long-term settlements and differentiation of the tool sets. The beginning of the sea regression around 6,000 14С years BP resulted in the extinction of the Boysman Culture. Slight cooling and aridization of the climate 5,600–5,400 14C years BP contributed to the appearance of a new cultural tradition involved with agriculture. The long existence of cultures in the Late Neolithic and Paleometal periods, with significant climatic shifts, can be explained by introducing mixed economy model with increased role of the economy of producing type. In the Late Paleometal and Medieval periods, economic, political and military factors had a great impact on communities, along with environment and climatic factors. Correlation of palaeogeographical and archaeological data demonstrated a certain synchronicity of environmental changes and cultural events. Climatic fluctuations led to migrations, variations in local population density, changes in adaptation strategies of the people, and changes of direction of economic activities.

Introduction. The Peace of Adrianople (June 13, 1713) ended the Russian-Turkish war of 1710– 1713. The Prut (1711) and Constantinople (1712) treaties signed by the Russian ambassadors were not ratified by the Turkish side. In Adrianople, there were also problems related to the confirmation of the treaty. Methods and materials. The source base was formed by documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (F. 89 “Relations between Russia and Turkey”), as well as in the Scientific and Historical Archive of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of RAS (F. 83 “Field Chancellery of Alexander D. Menshikov”). A comprehensive study of archival and published materials, a comparison of the information contained in them made it possible to formulate and analyze the main problems associated with the signing and ratification of the peace treaty. Analysis. The basis of the Adrianople peace, which the ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary P. Shafirov and M. Sheremetev concluded with the Sublime Porte, was the provisions of the Peace Treaty of Constantinople (April 5, 1712). The additions made by the Ottoman ministers related to the Polish and Crimean problems did not meet the interests of Peter I. The wording “on the Crimean payment” was the result of a long diplomatic struggle and left the problem open. On June 22, 1713, Russian ambassadors and Ottoman ministers exchanged by the texts of the treaty. The countdown of the delivery time (90 days) of the confirmation of the peace agreement by Peter I began on June 13. The demand to send an ambassador with the ratification is also connected with the intention of the Sublime Porte to continue negotiations on Crimean payments. Results. The Russian ambassadors managed to prevent the revision of the agreement confirmed by the tsar. The Sublime Porte was no less interested than Russia in ending the war. The provisions of the Adrianople peace reflected the interests of the Ottoman government, which refused to support by force the demands of the Crimean Khan.

BACKGROUND: Non-pharmacological treatments are an integral part of the treatment of all patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, due to many factors, doctors and patients themselves tend to underestimate or completely neglect such effective methods in managing the course of the disease. Despite the high level of evidence of the effectiveness of this type of treatment for T2D, every year scientists around the world continue to actively study the effect of various non-drug methods on the course of the disease.AIM: To study the effect of a 24-week structured non-pharmacological treatment program on glycated hemoglobin reduction and weight loss in middle-aged patients with compensated T2D taking metformin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A two-group, randomized, parallel-group, blinded trial was designed. Patients with an established diagnosis of T2D in the stage of compensation (HbA1c ≤7%), aged 45–59 years, taking metformin, were randomized to receive either standard non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes according to clinical protocol of T2D treatment in Kazakhstan, or an intensive course of non-pharmacological treatment according to a structured program developed by researchers. The duration of the intervention was 24 weeks. Primary outcomes were glycated hemoglobin, body weight. Secondary outcomes: blood pressure, waist circumference, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipid profile: total cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins, triglycerides. The outcomes of the participants in both groups were assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks after randomization. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04632823.RESULTS: The study included 200 patients, 67 patients completed the study: intervention group n=33, control group n=34. After 24 weeks of observation, patients in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in HbA1c from 6.34% to 6.22%, p

A facile and environmentally benign method for single-phase barium titanate synthesis in a water vapor medium was studied to reveal the mechanism of phase transformation of the initial simple oxide mixture and estimate the capability of the product to be used as a raw material for low-frequency dielectric ceramics. The composition and structure of the reactants’ mixture, treated in vapor at 130–150 °C as well as at 230 °C for various time periods, were investigated by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, and FTIR methods. The kinetics of the occurring phase transformation can be described using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Erofeev equation. The reaction between the initial oxides was considered as a topochemical process with an apparent activation energy of 75–80 kJ mol−1. A crucial role in this process belonged to the water vapor medium, which facilitated the generation of the reaction zone and the spreading inward of the solid particles. The synthesized tetragonal barium titanate powder (mean particle size of 135 nm) was sintered using a conventional technique at 1250 °C to obtain ceramics with grains of about 2 μm. Capacitance measurements identified a permittivity and dielectric loss factor of the ceramics that reached 3879 and 6.7 × 10−3, respectively, at 1 kHz and room temperature.

An analysis of the scientific literature in recent years reliably indicates the importance of molecular diagnostics in the field of nephrology. Research contains information on the role of genetic factors in the chronicization of the process of nephritic syndrome, ongoing research in this area. The pathology of development is explained by the fact that the chronicity of the process occurs primarily due to genetic inferiority of parts of the nephron, which leads to changes in the structure of the protein. The results of the study show the relationship between changes in the genotype of MMP9 (Matrix metalloproteinase-9) (A-8202G) rs11697325 with the development of the chronicization process. Our results provide evidence that cystatin C is an accurate diagnostic and prognostic marker of chronic nephritic syndrome in the pediatric population. At the same time, chromosomal polymorphic MMP9 genes affect the glomerular filtration rate by increasing the amount of Cystatin C, which is a gold marker in the diagnosis of chronic nephritic syndrome in children, determining the prognosis of the disease, which makes it possible for timely treatment and further tactics of the doctor.

The agrarian sector of Kazakhstan’s economy is dynamically developing in the system of market relations. The system of market relations, production and economic relations are transformed, new forms of interaction between the subjects of the agrarian sector are used. Today, agrarians are actively using information technologies to improve production efficiency. They see the importance of digitalization of agribusiness, the advantages of information technology implementation in practice. Ultimately, the digitalization of the studied sphere of economy will ensure the normal functioning of the industry. In order to ensure efficient production, any enterprise is interested in reducing the costs associated with the production of crop and livestock products. The agricultural products produced for consumers must also meet the required quality characteristics and withstand competition in the market. And this can be achieved only through intensive factors of production and digitalization of agro-industrial complex. The need to implement digital technologies in the sphere of agriculture is the purpose of writing this study.

For the first time palynological research was carried out on the Abrikosovsky settlement, located in the Krounovka river valley. This site is dated back to the epoch of the Bohai state (698–926). It was determined that during its existence there were transformations of surrounding landscape associated with climatic and anthropogenic causes. Several stages of the settlement development have been defined. Pollen of cultivated, edible wild plants and industrial crops were found in the cultural layer sediments. The inhabitants of the settlement could use stalks of nettle or hemp for the production of textiles. Reed could be one of the building materials (fascine making), its phytoliths were found in the cultural layer. It was determined that one of the natural disasters was recurring strong freshets and floods in the second half of the summer.

Introduction. In Russia, the approved morbidity statistics system is represented by the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10). This classification provides two forms of dengue fever (DF): dengue fever (A90) and hemorrhagic dengue (A91). Official statistics on the ratio of forms of DF is not published in open sources and this lack of information about the real ratio of the forms of DF makes it difficult to objectively assess the factors that determine the severity of this disease. The aim: compare the clinical and epidemiological features of dengue fever and hemorrhagic dengue fever in patients hospitalized in 20092019 to the City Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study. We analyzed the patient database and reviewed 391 medical records of patients with diagnosed dengue fever. We compared gender, age characteristics, travel geography including information about previous visits of patients to endemic regions and dengue virus serotype. To determine the primary and re-infection rate, an analysis of IgG for the dengue virus was carried out on days 15 of the disease. To compare indicators, 95% confidence intervals for proportions, medians, and interquartile ranges were calculated. The significance of differences between independent samples for assessing qualitative characteristics was carried out using the criteria 2, the odds ratio. To assess the quantitative characteristics, the Mann-Whitney test was used. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. Results. The proportion of patients with dengue fever was 14.9% of all hospitalized with febrile illnesses that developed after international travel. Hemorrhagic dengue fever (DHF) was diagnosed in 15.7% of patients with dengue fever. DHF developed significantly more often in women, as well as in those who had history of repeated visits to endemic regions. However, DHF was also diagnosed in 10.9% of first-time travelers to tropical countries. We did not find significant differences in the rates of DHF development depending on age and dengue virus serotype. In a number of patients who had not previously traveled to endemic regions, IgG to the dengue virus were detected, which may indicate a previous infection with related flaviviruses. Conclusion. It has been established that in the regions most visited by Russians, there is a circulation of all serotypes of the dengue virus with an annual change in the predominant serotype.

The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of low-altitude atmospheric lenses in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. The calculations of daily, monthly and annual evaporation and evaporability from the soil were made at four points in the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 using weather data (temperature, air humidity, wind speed), obtained from weather stations. The paper also presents the results of measurements in full-scale conditions at 46.3 north latitude, 44.2 east longitude, carried out from July 1, 2021 to October 1, 2021, where measurements of weather data obtained using a professional wireless weather station WS-2800-IT were organized, and evaporation from the soil was studied by the method of water balance of an isolated soil monolith using a soil evaporator GGI-500-50. As a result of processing data from weather stations, low evaporation values with high evaporability were revealed. According to the results of full-scale tests, local increase in evaporation values was observed mainly in areas with an effusion type of soil water regime. Hereinafter, this phenomenon will be referred to as “low-altitude atmospheric lenses”.

Introduction. The increase in the incidence of whooping cough in children and adults of different age groups justifies the need for their revaccination and the development of new, acceptable for these purposes. This work is devoted to substantiating the design of a clinical trial and describing the results of a comparative study of the safety and tolerability of the drug "GamLPV" with two-fold intranasal administration to healthy adult volunteers using two methods. The choice of the scheme and method of administration of the drug is justified. The serological structure of the population of adults aged 18–40 years living in Moscow and the Moscow region is characterized.Aim. Determination of the safety and tolerability of the drug with a double intranasal administration of the vaccine by drip method and spraying through an actuator.Materials and methods. A randomized placebo-controlled trial included 50 healthy male and female volunteers aged 18 to 40 years who met the inclusion criteria. The volunteers were divided into 2 groups of 25 people: a drip method of administration and spraying through an "actuator". By both methods, the drug was administered twice with an interval of 60 days.Results and discussion. Serological analysis of the population of healthy volunteers at the prescreening stage justified the inclusion in the study of volunteers containing anti-pertussis antibodies in the blood (IgG ≤40 Ed/ml). A comparison of the results of preclinical studies on an experimental model of non-human monkeys and the first phase of a clinical study of GamLPV allowed us to propose two methods of double administration of the drug as a promising vaccination scheme for volunteers. A comparative randomized study shows the safety of using the proposed scheme for vaccination of adult volunteers.Conclusions. Both proposed methods of double administration can be used to plan a multicenter study to research the immunogenicity and protective activity of GamLPV.

Relevance. The long-term leadership of ARVI pathogens determines their significance in the damage caused to both health and the economy of the country. Aim. To identify the features of the structure of ARVI during the emergence and widespread spread of SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods. The article uses methods used in epidemiological surveillance of acute respiratory viral infections. Results and discussion. The results of the diagnostic available ARVI pathogens monitoring during epidemic seasons 2018-2021 are presented. The tendency of greater engagement of aged group 15 y.o. and older in epidemic process by morbidity and hospitalization due to SARI was shown. 49 818 nasal swabs from patients with influenza infection, 36 044 – with ARVI and 59 062 – with SARS-CoV-2 were tested. The top three in the structure of ARVI were INF, HEV-D and HRSV (in the 2018–2019 season); INF, SARS-CoV-2 and HEV-D (2019–2020); SARS-CoV-2, HEV-D and HPIV/HCoV (2020–2021). The activity of viral pathogens also differed: for HPIV, HAdV, HEV-D, HMPV, a decrease in activity was noted during the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 (2019–2020) and some of its growth in the following season; in relation to HRSV and INF - a decrease in activity during the last two seasons, and for INF – extremely low activity in the 2020-2021 season; the activity of seasonal HCoV even increased slightly. The data of genetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples showed the heterogeneity of its population with a representative of variants (Alfa, Delta) as well as endemic for Russia and Moscow variants only. The recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2021–2022 northern hemisphere influenza season and in the 2022 southern hemisphere influenza season are presented due to their drift changeability. Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 was influenced by the activity of ARVI pathogens with the almost complete displacement of influenza viruses from the circulation in the period 2020–2021.

Today we are witnessing the rapid growth and development of new business models supported by digital technologies. They are transforming traditional industries and creating entirely new categories. The article discusses the impact of digitalisation on the creation and development of new business models – outsourcing, e-commerce and app stores. The article describes the main forms of e-commerce implementation, presents a diagram. The purpose of this work is to determine the impact of digitalisation on the emergence and evolution of new business models. To achieve this goal, the authors set the following tasks: the study of Russian and foreign literature on this subject, the selection, analysis, synthesis and formation of conclusions based on statistical data, and structuring of information using a flowchart. The methodological base includes both general scientific methods of scientific research – comparison, analysis, and special ones – the economic and statistical method. The authors examined examples of the impact of digital transformation on business, analyzed sales data in the Russian and German e-commerce markets and the use of technology in everyday life, and presented an e-commerce classification scheme.

There are many factors that account for disclosure of private information on social network sites, but a potentially powerful determinant that remains understudied is social norms, which refer to perceptions of what other people do, approve of, and expect us to do on social media. To address this gap, we conducted an in-depth analysis of descriptive, injunctive, and subjective norms for verbal and visual disclosure on Facebook and Instagram, using a preregistered survey study with 863 participants. We further analyzed whether critical media literacy and media-related self-reflection could buffer against uncritical adoption of these norms. The findings revealed that all three types of norms positively and independently predicted self-disclosure, regardless of the platform or type of self-disclosure (visual vs. verbal), while controlling for other common predictors of self-disclosure, including perceived benefits and risks of self-disclosure. Self-reflection and critical media literacy neither directly predicted disclosure, nor accounted for differences in norm-behavior relationships.

Objectives To examine health behaviours of refugees and asylum seekers, in relation to their knowledge of public benefits and legal rights.Design Qualitative study, utilising an open-ended, semi-structured interview guide to ensure information-rich data collection. Thematic content was analysed using qualitative research software.Setting Participants were drawn from the Weill Cornell Center for Human Rights (WCCHR) in New York City, a single-center, human rights clinic with a globally representative patient population. All interviews were conducted at the Weill Cornell Medicine Clinical and Translational Science Center, a multidisciplinary space within an urban academic medical center.Participants Twenty-four refugees and asylum seekers currently living in the greater New York City area. Eligible participants were 18 years of age or older and had previously sought services from the WCCHR. The recruitment rate was 55%.Primary and secondary outcome measures Themes and concepts in participants’ health, knowledge, perceptions of and experiences with accessing healthcare and public benefits programmes.Results Twenty-four participants represented 18 countries of origin and 11 primary languages. Several impediments to accessing healthcare and public benefits were identified, including pragmatic barriers (such as prohibitive costs or lack of insurance), knowledge gaps and mistrust of healthcare systems.Conclusions There is low health engagement by refugees and asylum seekers, as a result of multiple, complex factors impeding the ability of refugee and asylum seekers to access healthcare and other public benefits for which they are eligible—with resultant detrimental health effects. However, there is an opportunity to utilise novel approaches, such as digital technologies, to communicate relevant information regarding legal rights and public benefits to advance the health of vulnerable individuals such as refugees and asylum seekers.

We present an R-package for predictive modelling, CARRoT (Cross-validation, Accuracy, Regression, Rule of Ten). CARRoT is a tool for initial exploratory analysis of the data, which performs exhaustive search for a regression model yielding the best predictive power with heuristic 'rules of thumb' and expert knowledge as regularization parameters. It uses multiple hold-outs in order to internally validate the model. The package allows to take into account multiple factors such as collinearity of the predictors, event per variable rules (EPVs) and R-squared statistics during the model selection. In addition, other constraints, such as forcing specific terms and restricting complexity of the predictive models can be used. The package allows taking pairwise and three-way interactions between variables into account as well. These candidate models are then ranked by predictive power, which is assessed via multiple hold-out procedures and can be parallelised in order to reduce the computational time. Models which exhibited the highest average predictive power over all hold-outs are returned. This is quantified as absolute and relative error in case of continuous outcomes, accuracy and AUROC values in case of categorical outcomes. In this paper we briefly present statistical framework of the package and discuss the complexity of the underlying algorithm. Moreover, using CARRoT and a number of datasets available in R we provide comparison of different model selection techniques: based on EPVs alone, on EPVs and R-squared statistics, on lasso regression, on including only statistically significant predictors and on stepwise forward selection technique.

BackgroundDigital resources have the potential to bridge the gaps in mental health services for young people who self-injure. Most research on digital resources for this population has involved observational studies of content in web-based communities or formative studies focused on the design and early evaluation of new interventions. Far less research has sought to understand young people’s experiences with publicly available digital resources or to identify specific components of these resources that are perceived to be of value in their recovery. ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand young people’s experiences with 2 publicly available digital resources for self-injury—a peer support app and web-based factsheets—and to disentangle potential explanatory mechanisms associated with perceived benefits and harms. MethodsParticipants were 96 individuals (aged 16-25 years) with nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in the past month, who recently completed a pilot randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of a peer support app as compared with web-based factsheets to reduce self-injury behavior. The trial showed that participants using the peer support app reported less self-injury behavior relative to those receiving the web-based factsheets over 8 weeks. In this study, we used a conventional approach to content analysis of responses to 2 open-ended questions delivered at the end of the trial with the aims of exploring participants’ overall experiences with these resources and identifying the qualities of these resources that were perceived to be beneficial to or harmful for participants’ recovery. ResultsOverall, participants were more likely to report benefits than harms. Participants who used the peer support app reported more harms than those who received the web-based factsheets. In the open coding phase, clear benefits were also derived from repeated weekly surveys about self-injury. Key benefits across digital resources included enhanced self-knowledge, reduction in self-injury activity, increased outreach or informal conversations, improved attitudes toward therapy, improved mood, and feeling supported and less alone. Key challenges included worsened or unchanged self-injury activity, diminished mood, and increased barriers to outreach. The most prominent benefit derived from the web-based factsheets and weekly surveys was improved self-understanding. However, the way this manifested differed, with factsheets providing insight on why participants engage in self-injury and the function it serves them and surveys making the frequency and severity of participants’ behaviors more apparent. The benefits perceived from using the peer support app were general improvements in mood and feeling less alone. ConclusionsFindings contribute a nuanced understanding of young people’s experiences with these digital resources and have implications for the optimization of existing platforms and the design of novel resources to support individuals who self-injure.

In this study, we present the results of U–Pb (ID-TIMS) geochronological studies of calcic garnet from the alkaline ultramafic complexes of Eastern Sayan province (eastern Siberia). New U–Pb ID–TIMS garnet ages obtained from different rocks of Bolshaya Tagna (632 ± 2 Ma) and Srednaya Zima intrusions (624 ± 5 Ma), as well as previously published garnet ages of the Belaya Zima complex (646 ± 6 Ma), allow us to constrain the timing and duration of episodes of alkaline ultramafic magmatism in Eastern Sayan province (619–651 Ma). Variations in the chemical compositions of rocks from three massifs indicate that the parental melts were separated from different magmatic chambers generated during the same episode of mantle melting. This study further highlights garnet U–Pb dating as a potentially robust, high-resolution geochronometer to constrain the evolution of the main pulse of alkaline ultramafic magmatism in the large magmatic provinces.

New polycrystalline powder samples of double Ln2Zr(WO4)5 (Ln = Dy, Tb) tungstates were synthesized using high-temperature solid-phase and sol-gel methods. The conditions of the sol-gel synthesis of tungstates were optimized. The obtained phases were characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction on the basis of the crystallographic data of similar Ln–Zr molybdates. It is found that Ln2Zr(WO4)5 (Ln = Dy, Tb) double tungstates crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal system, space group Cmc21 (Z = 4). The intensive luminescence in the green spectral region for Tb2Zr(WO4)5 and yellow spectral region for Dy2Zr(WO4)5 was shown.

The isotope composition of carbon and oxygen was studied in calcite of dykes and veins of ultramafic lamprophyres, kimberlite, alkaline mica picrites from the Yarma above-intrusion zone, and pyroxene-free picrites intruding the rocks of the Bolshetagninsky carbonatite massif within the Urik-Iya graben hosted by the East Sayan Mountains. The data on δ13C (from −6.6 to −3.9 ‰ relative to VPDB) disclose the ideas on the mantle origin of the carbonate substance of dykes. High values of δ18O (from +13.9 to +11.8 ‰ relative to VSMOW) suggest the impact of deuteric fluids, i.e. magmatic fluids separated from melts, at later stage of formation of the calcite-bearing alkaline ultramafic rocks.

Introduction. In January 1701, Prince D.M. Golitsyn was sent to Sultan Mustafa II for ratification of the Peace Treaty of Constantinople (July 3, 1700). He became the first Petrine diplomat sent to the Sublime Porte with the rank of grand ambassador. Methods and materials. The comprehensive study of archival sources (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts), comparison of the data they contain with published materials make it possible to analyze the mission of Golitsyn in the context of the policy of Peter I towards the Ottoman Empire in the early 18th century. Analysis. Due to the hostilities by Narva, the dispatch of the embassy was delayed. The ambassador delivered the ratification of the peace treaty five months later than the agreed date. Golitsyn was the first Russian diplomat to wear a French dress during ceremonies at the Ottoman court. Besides, he not only followed the established ambassadorial custom, but also took into account the experience of his Western European colleagues. In addition to the ratification, Golitsyn had other tasks, the main of which was the conclusion of a trade agreement with the Sublime Porte. The conditions on which the ambassador was supposed to sign the agreement were fixed in a special instruction. The analysis of that instruction and reports of the ambassador showed that for Peter I the priority was not the development of mutually beneficial trade with the Ottoman Empire, but the opportunity to withdraw his fleet from the Azov to the Black Sea. Delivery of goods by Turkish ships or by dry route was considered only as an addition to the Russian Black Sea shipping. The conditions set in the instruction did not give to Golitsyn the opportunity to negotiate with the Sublime Porte, which categorically prohibited the entry of European ships into the Black Sea. Results. The sending of a grand ambassador by the tsar to the Ottoman sultan marked the transition of relations between the two states to a new level. Besides, a precedent was created for the reception of high-ranking Peter’s diplomats by the Sublime Porte.

The aim of the work – analysis of peculiarities of the plague epizooty found in the southern steppe part of the Ukok Plateau in 2020.Materials and methods. Epizootiological survey was conducted over the area of 1573 km2 in July and August, 2020. 141 mammals, 157 ectoparasites (including 152 fleas), 17 bone remains samples, and 50 regurgitates of predatory birds have been tested for plague.Results and discussion. The background species of mammals – natural hosts of Yersinia pestis in the southern steppe part of the Ukok plateau are gray marmot, long-tailed souslik, and Daurian pika. Abundance of the gray marmot was high and amounted to 1.7±0.18 inhabited burrows per 1 ha (n=30) with 90 % occupancy. Three strains of Yersinia pestis ssp. pestis have been isolated: from Oropsylla alaskensis fleas collected from long-tailed souslik, gray marmot carcass, and regurgitates of predatory birds. Yersinia pestis DNA have been detected in 14 objects. Eight positive results of serological tests have been obtained. The epizooty area that was confirmed by Yersinia pestis isolation totaled 252 km2 . As a result of the survey the circulation of Yersinia pestis ssp. pestis have been for the first time established on the Ukok Plateau. The target species – the gray marmot, as well as the long-tailed souslik, are actively involved into the epizooty.

The ICP-MS determinations have been made on microelement content of ~650–640 Ma ultramafic lamprophyre-aillikite dikes and alkaline silicate rocks and carbonatites from the Bolshetagninsky ijolite-syenite massif, spatially overlapped in the northern Urik-Iya graben on the southwestern margin of the Siberian craton. There have been identified two types of spectra of microelement distribution, typical of the Bolshetagninsky massif aillikites and alkaline silicate rocks, respectively; both types of spectra demonstrate significant (more than two orders of magnitude) enrichment in most incompatible elements relative to the primitive mantle. Aillikites have tilt-left distribution spectra of rare elements with Rb, К, Pb, Sr-P, Zr-Hf, ±U minimums and less-pronounced Y minimum. Multi-element spectra of ijolites-melteigites are characterized by Th, Та, Pb, Hf, ±Zr, ±Ti minimums which is also reflected in nepheline syenite and carbonatite spectra. The Bolshetagninsky massif aillikites and alkaline rocks differ also in Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/Nb, Th/U ratios. Geochemical differences imply that the parental melts of dike aillikites and alkaline rocks are derived from different mantle sources.

The aim of the study was molecular-genetic identification and analysis of the phylogenetic relationship of Yersinia pestis strains isolated on the Ukok Plateau in 2020, in order to establish the current boundaries of the natural mega focus of plague in the Altai Mountains in Russia and Mongolia.Materials and methods. 37 strains of Y. pestis of the main subspecies isolated in the Tuva mountain and Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague foci and adjacent territories of Mongolia in 1971–2020 were studied. The whole genome sequencing of the strains was performed using the Ion S5 XL System (Thermo Fischer Scientific). Ion Torrent Suite software package 5.12 and Newbler gsAssembler 2.6 were used to process the data and assemble de novo the sequences of raw reads. The average size of the collected genome was 4.55 million base pairs. Core SNPs were detected by aligning the contigs of Y. pestis strains on the CO92 genome using the Snippy 4.6 program, then 28 SNP homoplasies were removed. The resulting set of SNPs contained only the core region of the genome (955 SNPs). The dendrogram was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method applying the PhyML 3.1 program.Results and discussion. The current population structure of Y. pestis of the main subspecies, antique biovar, phylogenetic line 4.ANT, endemic to the foci of the Altai Mountains in Russia and Mongolia has been determined. The presence of 4.ANT-21 clone, which became widespread in the territory of these natural foci of plague at the begining of the XXI century, was revealed. It is shown that three strains isolated on the Ukok Plateau in 2020 belong to clone 4.ANT-21. According to phylogenetic analysis, evidence of 4.ANT circulation on the Ukok Plateau before 2018 was obtained. The lesson that has been learned is that it is necessary to study the territories of Mongolia, Kazakhstan and China bordering the Ukok Plateau in order to establish the current boundaries of the 4.ANT mega focus.

The review presents the materials on the use of mobile laboratories, developed in the Russian Federation, in the framework of four main areas: monitoring of territories to identify the circulation of pathogens of natural-focal infectious diseases; monitoring of territories during the exacerbation of the epizootic situation; participation in the elimination of outbreaks of infectious diseases; monitoring of territories to control and predict the epidemiological and epizootiologic situation in preparation for mass events. The tactical and technical characteristics and the procedure for organizing the operation of the mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics mounted on the platform of the KamAZ chassis are considered. A distinctive feature of the laboratory from the existing Russian and foreign counterparts is the availability of the necessary conditions for conducting research using bacteriological analysis, rapid and accelerated diagnostic methods, and performing a full cycle of works – from the preparatory stage to the destruction of infected material. Hightech equipment allows the realization of two research schemes: the first – bacteriological analysis alongside the PCR, which ensures high reliability of the results; the second – conducting the PCR at the first stage, and when identifying genetic markers of the pathogen – performing bacteriological analysis of positive samples in order to isolate the culture of the pathogen and identify it subsequently. The second scheme will reduce the volume of bacteriological studies; make changes in the tactics of epizootiological survey. Tests of the mobile laboratory have demonstrated the effectiveness of its use in the epizootiological examination of natural plague foci, including cross-border ones. Owing to the use of a mobile laboratory in the Gorno-Altaisk high-mountain natural focus of plague, a new epizootic site was identified, located in a remote area, used by the population as a summer pasture for grazing domestic animals. The use of mobile laboratories will strengthen the laboratory base of institutions that monitor particularly dangerous, natural-focal and other dangerous infectious diseases; will help to bring the advanced diagnostic technologies directly to the natural focus, reduce the risk of epidemic complications due to plague and other particularly dangerous infections in cross-border natural foci.

Introduction. The surveillance of influenza viruses in ARVI structure and study of their properties in epidemic season 2019–2020 in Russian Federation are actual for investigations due to tasks of Global Influenza Strategy initiated by WHO in 2019. Material and methods. The data of epidemiological surveillance on influenza- and ARVI-associated morbidity and hospitalization in different age groups of population were analyzed; virological, genetic and statistical methods were used. Results. Preschool children were involved in epidemic the most. Meanwhile, the highest rate of hospitalization was observed in patients of 18–40 years old. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus dominated in etiology of ARVI in hospitalized patients and pneumonia. The role of respiratory viruses in severe cases of pneumonia and bronchoalveolar syndrome in children was shown. The differences in spectrum of circulating viruses caused ARVI in different regions of Russia were found. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-like viruses were the main etiological agents that caused of epidemic; its activity among all ARVI was 7.3 and 8.0%, respectively. The differences in antigenic properties of influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemic strains compared to vaccine viruses were found. The populations of epidemic strains were presented by following dominant genetic groups: 6B1.A5/183P for A(H1N1)pdm09, 3С.2а1b+137F for A(H3N2) and V1A.3 line B/Victoria-like for B viruses. The good profile of epidemic strains susceptibility to anti-neuraminidase inhibitors has been saved. The most of the studied influenza strains had the receptor specificity characteristic of human influenza viruses. Conclusions. Obtained results identified the peculiarities of viruses caused the influenza and ARVI in epidemic season 2019–2020 in different regions of Russia. These results suggested the important role of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 in severe cases and pneumonia in adults 18–40 years old. The continuing drift in influenza viruses was found, which, apparently, could not but affect the efficacy of vaccine prophylaxis and was also considered in the recommendations of WHO experts on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere in the 2020–2021 season.

A new multicationic structurally disordered K5FeHf(MoO4)6 crystal belonging to the molybdate family is synthesized by the two-stage solid state reaction method. The characterization of the electronic and vibrational properties of the K5FeHf(MoO4)6 was performed using density functional theory calculations, group theory, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The vibrational spectra are dominated by vibrations of the MoO4 tetrahedra, while the lattice modes are observed in a low-wavenumber part of the spectra. The experimental gap in the phonon spectra between 450 and 700 cm−1 is in a good agreement with the simulated phonon density of the states. K5FeHf(MoO4)6 is a paramagnetic down to 4.2 K. The negative Curie–Weiss temperature of −6.7 K indicates dominant antiferromagnetic interactions in the compound. The direct and indirect optical bandgaps of K5FeHf(MoO4)6 are 2.97 and 3.21 eV, respectively. The K5FeHf(MoO4)6 bandgap narrowing, with respect to the variety of known molybdates and the ab initio calculations, is explained by the presence of Mott-Hubbard optical excitation in the system of Fe3+ ions.

Previously, a hypothesis was put forward about a change in the degree of hydrophicity of lakes under the influence of fluctuations in the level. At the same time, the direct abiotic factors leading to ecosystem changes are the illumination of the soil and the level of its wind resuspending. At the same time, there were no empirical correlations between these indicators in relation to the lakes of the Ivano-Arachley system. In this work, based on the study of the lakes of the Ivano-Arakhley system, during the period of extremely low water content, a correlation is shown between the depth of macrophyte growth and the transparency of water at a damage of 0.96 (p=0.002). Factor analysis by the method of principal components showed a high positive relationship with the morphometric parameters of the ecosystem and the degree of openness of the reservoir. The relationship between the depth of vegetation distribution, water transparency, the ratio of depth, lake area expressed in terms of the coefficient of openness must be taken into account when planning activities on lakes that can affect vegetation or water transparency.

The paper describes that the first signs of beetle movement after night rest in the month of May occur at 8 am at an air temperature of about 200C. Increasing the temperature to 22-290C tends to increase their mobility. By 11 a.m., when the air temperature reached 340C, almost all the beetles went into the shade, into the lower part of the plants, where they remained immobile until almost 4 p.m. After 17 h. the air temperature dropped to 330С, by 20:00 to 200С. By this time, only a small part of the beetles remained active. In summer, the motor activity of beetles intensifies at 8-10 am, when the air temperature rises to 340C. From 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. at a temperature of 34-420C, humidity 34-40%, the beetles were placed in the shade and were inactive. In autumn, after night cooling, the air temperature increased later and the movement of beetles began at 11 am At noon hours (between 12-4 pm) at an air temperature of 20-250C. and humidity 55-60%, beetle activity was maximum. In summer, beetles actively feed in the morning (from 8-9 a.m.) and evening (from 19 to 22 p.m.) hours, when the air temperature was 26-330C. In the middle of the day (13-16 hours) and at night (3-5 hours), their feeding activity is somewhat reduced. The intensity of beetle feeding in the autumn months increases from 9 a.m. and reaches a maximum by 11-13 a.m., and after 5 p.m. it begins to decrease and almost stops at 9 p.m. in the evening.

The study of the Bol’shaya Tagna alkaline-carbonatite massif and adjacent areas was focused on the mineral and chemical compositions of minerals, the distribution of petrogenic and trace elements in pyroxene-free alkaline picrites in veins and dikes dated at the late Riphean (circa 645 Ma), and comparison with the Bushkanai kimberlite-picrite dike. Phenocrysts in the pyroxene-free picrites are represented by olivine (replaced with serpentine) and phlogopite; the bulk is formed by serpentine, phlogopite, monticellite, calcite, etc .; xenocrysts of pyrope and chrome diopside are absent. Phlogopite and Cr-spinel from the picrites are chemically similar to these minerals in kimberlites, but the evolution of the spinel compositions corresponds to the titanomagnetite trend; monticellite is depleted in forsterite (Mg2SiO4). The rocks contain strontianite, burbankite, titanium andradite, calcirtite and Mn-ilmenite, which are not typical of kimberlites, but are inherent in carbonate-bearing ultramafic lamprophyres, ayllikites. The pyroxene-free picrites have low contents (wt %) of SiO2 (28.4‒33.2), Al2O3 (3.2‒5.6), and Na2O (0.01‒0.05); relatively high contents of TiO2 (2.0‒3.3), and К2О (0.45‒1.33); varying contents of MgO (16.1‒24.1), СаО (12.9‒22.8), СО2 (1.1‒12.2), Ni (260‒850 ppm), and Cr (840‒2200 ppm); and Mg#=0.73‒0.80. The contents of Th, U, Nb, Ta, La, and Ce in the veins are approximately two orders higher than those in the primitive mantle; the spectra of trace elements differ from the spectra of the South African and Yakuian kimberlites. In the pyroxene-free picrites and the rocks of the Bushkanai dike, the Nb/U, Nb/Th, Th/Ce, La/Nb, and Zr/Nb ratios are similar to those in ocean island basalts (OIB) and thus give evidence of the leading contribution of the recycled component into the source melt. In experiments conducted to investigate melting of carbonated garnet lherzolite, the pyroxene-free alkaline picrites melted at 5–6 GPa.

Abstract The disclosure of proven cardiorenal benefits with certain antidiabetic agents was supposed to herald a new era in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially for the many patients with T2D who are at high risk for cardiovascular and renal events. However, as the evidence in favour of various sodium–glucose transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) accumulates, prescriptions of these agents continue to stagnate, even among eligible, at-risk patients. By contrast, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) DPP-4i remain more widely used than SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in these patients, despite a similar cost to SGLT2i and a large body of evidence showing no clear benefit on cardiorenal outcomes. We are a group of diabetologists united by a shared concern that clinical inertia is preventing these patients from receiving life-saving treatments, as well as placing them at greater risk of hospitalisation for heart failure and progression of renal disease. We propose a manifesto for change, in order to increase uptake of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in appropriate patients as a matter of urgency, especially those who could be readily switched from an agent without proven cardiorenal benefit. Central to our manifesto is a shift from linear treatment algorithms based on HbA1c target setting to parallel, independent considerations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure and renal risks, in accordance with newly updated guidelines. Finally, we call upon all colleagues to play their part in implementing our manifesto at a local level, ensuring that patients do not pay a heavy price for continued clinical inertia in T2D.

BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread behavior among adolescents and young adults. Although many individuals who self-injure do not seek treatment, there is evidence for web-based help-seeking through web-based communities and mobile peer support networks. However, few studies have rigorously tested the efficacy of such platforms on outcomes relevant for NSSI recovery. ObjectiveThe aim of this small-scale preregistered randomized controlled trial is to provide preliminary insight into the shorter- and longer-term efficacy of the use of a peer support app, TalkLife, in reducing NSSI frequency and urges and increasing readiness to change. In addition, we explore contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking. MethodsIndividuals aged 16-25 years with current (within 3 months) and chronic (>6 episodes in the past year) NSSI history were eligible to participate in this study. After baseline assessments, the intervention group was instructed to use the app actively (eg, post or comment at least three times per week) and the control group received weekly psychoeducational materials through email, for 8 weeks. Follow-up was assessed at 1 month and 2 months. Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate condition and time point effects for the primary outcomes of NSSI frequency and urges, readiness to change, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking. ResultsA total of 131 participants were included in the analysis. We evidenced a significant effect of condition on NSSI frequency such that the participants using the peer support app self-injured less over the course of the study (mean 1.30, SE 0.18) than those in the control condition (mean 1.62, SE 0.18; P=.02; η2=0.02). We also evidenced a significant condition effect of readiness to change such that the treatment participants reported greater confidence in their ability to change their NSSI behavior (mean 6.28, SE 0.41) than the control participants (mean 5.67, SE 0.41; P=.04; η2=0.02). No significant differences were observed for contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking. ConclusionsUse of the peer support app was related to reduced NSSI frequency and greater confidence in one’s ability to change NSSI behavior over the course of the study period, but no effects on NSSI urges, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking were observed. The findings provide preliminary support for considering the use of mobile peer support apps as a supplement to NSSI intervention and point to the need for larger-scale trials. Trial RegistrationOpen Science Foundation; https://osf.io/3uay9

To date, double molybdates of mono- and tetravalent elements have been comprehensively studied, and systems with molybdates of mono- and trivalent elements have been studied quite thoroughly. Some materials based on double molybdates, for example, those containing lanthanides, are considered promising for laser technology and electronics. Meanwhile, there is limited information on the properties, especially optical ones, of the molybdates containing rare-earth elements and zirconium. The aim of this work was to study the luminescent properties of self-activated terbium-containing zirconomolybdates with the compositions Tb2Zr3(MoO4)9 (1:3) and Tb2Zr(MoO4)5 (1:1), crystallising in two different structural types. Powder samples of the studied molybdates were synthesised by ceramic technology. The absorption, excitation, and emission spectra were measured using a Perkin Elmer Lambda 950 spectrophotometer. Luminescence was excited by a 250 W DKSSh-250 xenon lamp through an MDR-2 monochromator and recorded using an SDL-1 double monochromator with a grating of 600 lines/mm. The optical properties of new zirconium molybdates containing Tb3+ ions were studied. They revealed bright luminescence in the green spectral region due to the transitions inside the 4f shell of the rare-earth Tb3+ ion, excited both in the bands associated with the 4f-4f transitions and in the band with a charge transfer. The observed spectral lines as well as luminescence and excitation bands were identifi ed. It was shown that the position of the wide excitation band associated with the “charge transfer” transitions from O2– in MoO42– groups via Mo–O bonds to luminescent centres (Tb3+) does not depend on the matrix structure. The structure and intensity of the observed spectral lines, indicating a low symmetry of the Tb3+ crystalline environment, correlate with the structural analysis data. The results obtained in this work can be used when creating promising phosphors in the greenspectral region under ultraviolet excitation.

Objective. To identify the drift variability of influenza viruses during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in the period 2018-2019. The biological and molecular-genetic properties of epidemic strains isolated in certain territories of the Russian Federation were studied and compared with data from the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Materials and methods. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been applied, including immune fluorescence, RT-PCR, sequencing, methods for determining sensitivity to influenza drugs and receptor specificity. Results and discussion. The proportion of influenza viruses was as follows: A (H1N1) pdm09 - 53 %, A (H3N2) - 46 %, B - about 1 %. Cases of severe acute respiratory infections have most often been associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus. According to antigenic properties, isolated strains corresponded to the properties of vaccine viruses (A/Michigan/45/2015 - by 99.6 % and A/Singapore INFIMH-16-0019/2016 - by 86 %). The heterogeneity of influenza A virus strains population was revealed as regards individual mutations in hemaglutinin. The influenza B virus population was equally represented by both evolutionary lines (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like). Receptor specificity was favorable for the course and outcome of the disease. Among 70 studied epidemic strains, no strains resistant to anti-neuraminidase drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The article presents WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2019-2020, provides data on cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2).

In a free-living flatworm, Macrostomum lignano, an S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) homologous gene was identified as enriched in proliferating cells, suggesting that it can function in the regulation of stem cells or germline cells since these are the only two types of proliferating cells in flatworms. SKP1 is a conserved protein that plays a role in ubiquitination processes as a part of the Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex. However, the exact role of Mlig-SKP1 in M. lignano was not established. Here, we demonstrate that Mlig-SKP1 is neither involved in stem cell regulation during homeostasis, nor in regeneration, but is required for spermatogenesis. Mlig-SKP1(RNAi) animals have increased testes size and decreased fertility as a result of the aberrant maturation of sperm cells. Our findings reinforce the role of ubiquitination pathways in germ cell regulation and demonstrate the conserved role of SKP1 in spermatogenesis.

С целью получения экспертного мнения по вопросам, связанным с актуальностью, протоколами и режимами антитромботической терапии у пациентов с COVID-19 на госпитальном и амбулаторном этапах лечения 25 июля 2020г была проведена Международная он-лайн встреча экспертов по научному обмену опытом.Группа экспертов различных специальностей (кардиологи, неврологи, эндокринологи, анестезиологи-реаниматологи), имеющих клинический опыт лечения пациентов с COVID-19, ответила на вопросы, касающиеся использования антикоагулянтов на различных этапах оказания помощи при COVID-19. Учитывая недостаточное количество структурированной научной информации, отсутствие рандомизированных контролируемых исследований в области использования антикоагулянтов у пациентов с COVID-19, наличие различных мнений в профессиональных медицинских сообществах было принято решение провести голосование с использованием Дельфийского метода экспертных оценок и прогнозирования. На первом этапе для экспертов формировались вопросы, которые касались нескольких областей терапии: тактика ведения больных, постоянно принимавших антикоагулянты до заболевания COVID-19, назначение антикоагулянтной терапии больным по поводу COVID-19 и особенности назначения антикоагулянтной терапии у больных с высоким риском венозной тромбоэмболии при COVID-19. После утверждения списка вопросов проводилось анонимное анкетирование экспертов вне очной встречи и затем обрабатывались полученные результаты, определяя обычное большинство при голосовании по каждому вопросу.

Relevance. Influenza viruses, having an extremely high variability of the genome and significant environmental plasticity, continue to maintain a potential threat to the biological safety of mankind. The purpose Aims of the work is to analyze the features of the epidemic season of2017-2018.Materials and methods. The collection of data on the incidence and laboratory diagnosis of influenza and ARVI was carried out in the framework of the epidemiological surveillance of the circulation of influenza viruses in the Russian Federation. The observation period was from 40 weeks (october) 2017 to 25 weeks (june) 2018. The typing of the isolates was performed in the reaction of inhibition of hemagglutination activity (HI) according to the standard technique with diagnostic sera to reference and epidemic influenza viruses.Results and discussion. The article presents the features of the influenza virus circulation n for the period from october 2017 to may 2018 in some territories of Russia, collaborating with D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology. The epidemic season had its own peculiarities: delayed and long-term activity of three influenza viruses, the share participation of which was almost equal, with some dominance of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus by the end of the season. Morbidity rates for the total population were comparable with the last epidemic season, meantime the morbidity among schoolchildren was higher. The number of hospitalizations and lethal outcomes was lower and mostly was found in patients of 65 years and older. In patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was detected more frequently (58%). The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically similar to strains included in influenza vaccines, at the same time, 96% of the isolated strains of influenza B virus belonged to a different evolutionary line. Epidemic strains were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, except for 5 strains of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, isolated from pregnant women.Conclusions. The activity of non- influenza ARI viruses was similar to preliminary epidemic seasons. Recommendations on the influenza vaccines composition for the Northern hemisphere for 2019-2020 season are presented as well.

The article outlines the principles and contradictions inherent in the activities of medical tuberculosis control organizations within the system of mandatory medical insurance. The objective of the study: to investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the introduction of mandatory health insurance into tuberculosis control. Subjects and methods. The following indicators were compared and analyzed: rate of reduction of tuberculosis incidence and mortality, abacillation, the number of hospital admissions per patient, the number of visits per patient, the coverage of population with TB doctors, wages and salary per doctor, the cost of abacillation of one patient with multiple drug resistant tuberculosis. Results. The hypothesis about the influence of mandatory medical insurance system on the analyzed indicators was not confirmed. It was proved that it was not expedient to transfer funding of tuberculosis control activities into the mandatory health insurance system.

Introduction. Diplomatic contacts between Russia and the Ottoman Empire between Adrianople (1713) and Constantinople (1720) treaties are explored. For Posolsky prikaz (Ambassadorial office), the main task was to keep peaceful relations between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, which gave the possibility to the tsar to concentrate on military operations in Pomerania. Methods. The study is based on the analysis of unpublished materials of the Posolsky prikaz and their comparison with notes of contemporaries and with other historical sources. Analysis and results. The absence of Russian diplomatic resident in Istanbul did not promptly allow to solve the problems caused by violations of the conditions of the Adrianople treaty: border conflicts and the entry of the tsarist army into Poland. After the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), which ended the war of the Ottoman Empire with Venice and Austria, a new danger arose for the beginning of the Russo-Turkish war. In 1715 and 1718, the Ragusin on the Russian service Hieronymus Natali was twice sent to the Sublime Porte with the charters of Peter I. Along with handing the tsar’s charters to the Grand Vizier about border conflicts, Natalie had secret assignments connected with the prevention of a military conflict with the Ottoman Empire.

A case of Tick-borne spotted fever in a child after a visit to an endemic region, the Republic of Crimea, is described. The disease caused difficulty in terms of clinical diagnosis, which led to the delayed prescription of specific therapy with doxycycline. The diagnosis of Тick-borne spotted fever was made on the basis of detecting R. conorii DNA in a washout with primary affect. In the course of the disease, IgM class antibodies were detected during serological analysis of paired serum.

Oxide compounds, as the basis of promising materials, are used in various fields of modern technologies due to their electrical and optical properties. Some of them, possessing a combination of ferroelectric, scintillation, electrical, and optical properties, are being studied as promising materials for electronics. In this case, their dispersion plays an important role. Traditionally, the synthesis of oxide compounds is carried out by ceramic technology. More promising for the synthesis of fine powders are the methods of “soft” chemistry, among which we have identified and applied the sol-gel method. In this method, “mixing” occurs at the molecular level, which contributes to an increase in the reaction rates and a decrease in the synthesis temperature. The method involves the use of inorganic salts as precursors in combination with complexing agents (citric acid). The use of such precursors allows one to achieve high uniformity at relatively low temperatures. A feature of this approach is the use of fewer organic compounds: an aqueous solution of citric acid is used as a chelating agent. The aim of this work was to obtain triple molybdate by sol-gel technology (SGT) based on the example of ironcontaining potassium zirconium molybdate. The iron-containing triple potassium zirconium molybdate was obtained using the of citrate sol-gel technology and solidphase synthesis (SPS) methods. The triple molybdate obtained by two methods was characterized by X-ray phase analysis, DSC, and impedance spectroscopy. The developed sol-gel synthesis technique allowed lowering the synthesis temperature, to obtain triple molybdate with high values of homogeneity, dispersion, and electrical conductivity. This technique can be used to obtain double and triple zirconium (hafnium) molybdates containing a trivalent cation.

Background. Congenital syphilis is a severe intrauterine infection which, affecting most of the organs and systems of a child, can lead to his disability. However, it is extremely difficult to suspect congenital syphilis in a child in the absence of information about prior syphilis in his mother. The article presents a case of a monosymptomatic clinical picture of early congenital syphilis.Description of the Clinical Case. At the age of 1 month, the child had hyperemia, isolated edema of the right forearm, and restriction of limb movements. He was examined by a pediatrician who suspected a fracture of the forearm bones. X-ray did not show any fracture. The situation was regarded as an allergic reaction; desensitizing therapy was prescribed during which the range of movements in the right arm slightly increased. At the age of 2 months, there was a decrease in the range of movements in the left arm. On admission, the condition was regarded as moderate one. No fever; no signs of intoxication. Skin and visible mucous membranes were not changed. Cardiopulmonary activity was satisfactory. The abdomen was palpable in all compartments, painless. The liver was enlarged 6 cm, of dense consistency. The spleen was enlarged 5 cm. Bowel and bladder functions were normal. Neurological status: the reaction to examination was adequate, emotional cry. Cranial nerves without pathology. Can see and hear. Restricted range of movements in the arms; passive movements were painful. Muscle tone in the arms was low, in the legs — closer to physiological one. Equal and brisk tendon reflexes from the arms and legs. Large fontanel 1.5[1]1.5 cm, not protruded. X-ray examination of the forearm bones showed a change in the structure of the epiphyses of both forearm bones that was common to syphilitic osteochondritis.Conclusion. The article describes the complexity of diagnosis of early congenital syphilis in a child aged 2 months in the absence of a corresponding anamnesis in his mother. The need to rule out syphilitic infection in infants with motor impairments, born from unexamined mothers, has been emphasized.

The article presents the features of the influenza virus circulation for the period from October 2016 to May 2017 in some territories of Russia collaborating with the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. One of the 2016-2017 season’s peculiarities in Russia and countries of the Northern hemisphere was the earlier start of an increase in ARD morbidity with peak indexes reached towards the end of December 2016 - January 2017. First, influenza A(H3N2) virus was predominant; then, it was followed by influenza B virus activity observed until the end of the season. The indexes of morbidity were higher than in the previous season, while the rates of hospitalization and mortality were lower, lethal cases being detected in persons 65 years old and older. Epidemic strains of influenza A(H3N2) virus belonged to 3c.2a genetic group, reference strain A/Hong Hong/4408/2014, and its subgroup 3c.2a1, reference A/Bolzano/7/2016, that are antigenically similar. Strains of influenza B virus were antigenically similar to the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine virus. Strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. The share participation of non-influenza ARI viruses was similar to preliminary epidemic seasons. WHO has issued recommendations for influenza virus vaccines composition for 2017-2018 for the Northern hemisphere.

New information on the cryogenic mineral formations at the two Vizhay River caves (Northern Urals) is given. Calcite with the insignificant gypsum admixture predominates in the cryogenic material composition from both caves. In addition, the metastable phases of calcite, such as monohydrocalcite and ikaite were found. In the Saksofon Cave, calcite forms both spherulites and complanate grains. In Lednikovaya Cave, the major part of cryomaterial is presented by spherulites, which may suggests the significant supersaturation of solution. In Lednikovaya Сave, the distinct concentric structure with the growth zones denotes the cryogenic material formation in a thin water film under the partial thawing of upper part of long-term ice mound in summer. In Saksofon Cave the growth zones in crystals are poorly developed that probably caused by the seasonal glaciation in the cave and cryogenic minerals are younger than those in the Lednikovaya Cave.

Objective of the study is to analyze the appurtenance, numbers, and dynamics of interaction of acanthamoeba from soils of GornoAltai plague focus with Yersinia pestis 367 strain, isolated in 2016 in enzootic territory of this focus. Materials and methods. Utilized were soil amoeba from Gorno-Altai high-mountain focus and the strain Y. pestis 367 of the main subspecies of antique biovar, isolated there in 2016. Determination of systematic relation of the isolated amoeba was carried out using PCR with genus specific primers and sequencing of the obtained PCR fragments followed by identification of nucleotide sequences against GenBank database. Localization of Y. pestis cells in acanthamoeba was performed using fluorescent antibody technique by means of Axio Imager Z2 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Results and conclusions. For the first time ever established has been the presence of Acanthamoeba castellanii in soils of burrows of Marmota altaica in the numbers of up to 300000 cells/gr in Gorno-Altai high-mountain focus. Investigated has been the dynamics of interaction of these microorganisms. Preservation of the agent in vacuoles of endoplasmatic reticulum within 14 days has been revealed. It is an indicative of the possibility of Y. pestis persistence in amoeba of Acanthamoeba subspecies in soil biocoenosis of Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague focus.

Group A rotavirus (RVA) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization of children under 5 years old, presenting with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. The aim of our study was to explore the genetic diversity of RVA among patients admitted to Moscow Infectious Disease Clinical Hospital No. 1 with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. A total of 653 samples were collected from May 2019 through March 2020. Out of them, 135 (20.67%) fecal samples were found to be positive for rotavirus antigen by ELISA. RT-PCR detected rotavirus RNA in 80 samples. Seven G-genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G12) and three P-genotypes (P[8], P[4], and P[6]) formed 9 different combinations. The most common combination was G9P[8]. However, for the first time in Moscow, the combination G3P[8] took second place. Moreover, all detected viruses of this combination belonged to Equine-like G3P[8] viruses that had never been detected in Russia before. The genotype G8P[8] and G9P[4] rotaviruses were also detected in Moscow for the first time. Among the studied rotaviruses, there were equal proportions of Wa and DS-1-like strains; previous studies showed that Wa-like strains accounted for the largest proportion of rotaviruses in Russia.

The Baikal ledge rock formations in the Siberian craton structure are included in the Akitkan mobile belt which is considered as the Late Paleoproterozoic independent island arc system moved up to the ancient basement during the terrains amalgamation 1.91–2.00 Ga ago (Fig. 1) [Rosen, 2003; Gladkochub et al., 2009; Didenko et al., 2013].