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Abstract Background The review covers a variety of Artificial intelligence (AI) related topics in medication development. Additionally, it gives a quick account of the recent advances made in drug development by the pharmaceutical industry in cooperation with various AI. All facts of science have been impacted by advances in computing and technology. In all fields of science and technology, from fundamental engineering to medicine, AI has become a crucial component. AI has so influenced pharmaceutical chemistry and health care. Main body The use of computers to assist in drug creation has overtaken more conventional approaches in recent years. AI is frequently utilised to reduce the amount of time and improve drug design processes. The success rate of the developed medicine is further increased by the ease with which the target proteins may be discovered utilising AI. Every step of the medication design process involves the use of AI technology, which lowers the cost and greatly lowers the health hazards related to preclinical studies. AI is a powerful data mining technique that is based on vast amounts of pharmaceutical data and the machine learning process. Conclusion The use of AI in de novo drug design, activity scoring, virtual screening, and In silico evaluation of drug molecule characteristics is the consequence (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity). To speed up drug research and the healthcare system, pharmaceutical companies have joined with AI firms.

Maize, one of the most important cereal crops in Bangladesh, is severely contaminated by fumonisin, a carcinogenic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium including Fusarium proliferatum. Biocontrol with Bacillus strains is an effective approach to controlling this F. proliferatum as Bacillus has proven antagonistic properties against this fungus. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine how native Bacillus strains can reduce fumonisin in maize cultivated in Bangladesh, where BDISO76MR (Bacillus subtilis) strains showed the highest efficacy both in vitro in detached cob and in planta under field conditions. The BDISO76MR strain could reduce the fumonisin concentration in detached cob at 98.52% over untreated control, by inhibiting the conidia germination and spore formation of F. proliferatum at 61.56% and 77.01%, respectively in vitro. On the other hand, seed treatment with formulated BDISO76MR showed higher efficacy with a reduction of 97.27% fumonisin contamination compared to the in planta cob inoculation (95.45%) over untreated control. This implies that Bacillus-based formulation might be a potential approach in mitigating fumonisin contamination in maize to ensure safe food and feed.

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak has created unpredictable stress physically and mentally in all sections of population. There is no exception for health-care workers being in frontline during this crisis period. Due to the virus rapid transmission and the pattern of clinical presentation, uncertainty, is created in the form of health emergency all over. There is a need to address mental health issues during this pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 in those who are in frontline. Subjects and Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study performed in social health-care workers (accredited social health activist [ASHA]) to know the psychological disturbances during COVID-19 outbreak. This study has been done in primary health centers located in and around Karimnagar City, Telangana. The scale used to perform this study is Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale of 21 questions. Results: Out of 181 ASHA workers interviewed, majority of ASHA workers were at normal emotional states of depression (81.8%) and stress (91.2%), but about half (91, 50.3%) of them had moderate level of anxiety and 16 (9%) had severe anxiety level. Only 12 (6.6%) and 4 (2.2%) had moderate depression level, and stress level, respectively. Out of 91 ASHA workers who had moderate level of anxiety, only one had moderate level of depression and out of 16 who had severe level of anxiety, all of them had normal level of depression and stress. Conclusion: Frontline health care workers experience psychological disturbances during pandemics like COVID-19 to a certain degree. Administrators should be aware that the mental health support of health care workers is an important part of the COVID- 19 response. Educational interventions, to ensure understanding and use of infectious control measures. Psychological support, like counselling services and development of support systems among colleagues.

The levels perception and behavior of farmers on pesticide uses and its relevant risks to the environment and human health were surveyed among the farmers of Bangladesh in two areas: Savar Upazila (SU) and Mehendiganj Upazila (MU). Significant differences were observed between the farmers’ regarding information of pesticides (χ2 = 19.679 at p

Aaron Temkin Beck (born July 18, 1921) is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. Beck is noted for his research in psychotherapy, psychopathology, suicide, and psychometrics. He is regarded as the father of Cognitive Therapy. His theories are widely used in the treatment of clinical depression. Beck developed self-report measures of depression and anxiety, notably the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which became one of the most widely used instruments for measuring depression severity. He has published more than 600 professional journal articles, and authored or co-authored 25 books. Beck has been named one of the “Americans in history who shaped the face of American Psychiatry” and one of the “five most influential psychotherapists of all time” by The American Psychologist in July 1989. He is currently the President Emeritus of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy set up by him and his daughter, psychologist Judith S. Beck and the Honorary President of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy, which certifies qualified cognitive therapists.

Background: Traditionally, postoperative pain has been managed either reactively with drugs given as needed or proactively with continuous infusion of analgesics. Objectives:The present prospective comparative study was carried out to find difference in efficacy between opioid and NSAID (Non-stroid anti-inflammatory drugs) in the post-sternotomy pain management following off pump coronary bypass graft surgery. Methods: A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into two groups. – 15 patients were treated with NSAID (Diclofenac sodium) and 15 patients with opioid (pethidine) which are not commonly used in cardiac surgery. Patients ranging from 40 – 60 years with ASA Grade I & II who underwent off-pump CABG with median sternotomy were included in the study. Statistics: The test statistics used to analyze the data were Chi-square Test and repeated measure ANOVA. Result & conclusion: The study concluded that the intensity of post-sternotomy pain was inappreciably higher in the NSAID group than that in the opioid group throughout the whole period of observation suggesting that opioid (pethidine) would be a promising analgesic in the post-sternotomy pain management than NSAID (diclofenac sodium) (p = 0.045). Key words: Post-sternotomy pain; OPCAB; choice of analgesic. DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7059 BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 91-96