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Studies on genetics and trait relationships with grain yield and other agronomic traits are critical for improving the micronutrients content in the grain and it forms an effective strategy for breeding bio fortified sorghum. It greatly contributes to addressing micronutrient malnutrition in poor people who are dependent on sorghum as a staple food. Development of hybrids with high grain Fe and Zn and higher yield enables delivery of commercial products that address both food and nutrition while bringing profits to farmers. The present study was aimed at developing suitable breeding strategy and improving breeding products using gene action, heterosis and combining ability analysis for improving the grain Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) concentration and grain yield in sorghum. This study was conducted in Line × Tester mating design involving seven parents. A total of 12 new hybrids were developed by mating three lines with four testers. The combining ability of the crosses indicated predominance of dominance variance than additive variance for the agronomic traits such as days to 50% flowering, grain yield, grain Fe and Zn concentrations except for plant height and 100 seed weight. Higher magnitude of SCA than GCA variance for grain iron and zinc concentrations indicated the importance of non-additive gene action in the improvement of nutritional traits. Hybrids exhibited heterosis for agronomic traits and for grain Fe concentration and grain Zn. Most of the traits showed significant positive heterosis over mid parent value indicating the predominance of dominant gene action except the trait 100 seed weight. Significant positive mid-parent heterosis for grain iron indicated that there would be an opportunity to exploit heterosis in improving for grain Fe. But for Zn concentration, there is a limited possibility for exploitation of heterosis. This study suggested that simple selection will improve plant height and 100 seed weight in sorghum but heterosis breeding is more useful for improving grain yield. While both parents need to be improved for improving grain Zn concentration, there is good scope for exploiting heterosis for improving grain Fe concentration in sorghum.

Abstract Landslides are frequent all over the world, posing serious threats to human life, infrastructure, and economic operations, making them chronic disasters. This study proposes a novel landslide detection methodology that is automated and based on a hybrid deep learning approach. Currently, Deep Learning is constrained by the lack of applicability, lack of data, and low efficiency in landslide detection but with recent advancement in deep learning-based solutions for landslide detection has sparked considerable advantages over traditional techniques. In order to prevent and mitigate disaster, we introduced a hybrid model based on remote sensing technologies such as satellite images. Specifically, the proposed approach consists hybrid U-Net model integrated with a pyramid pooling layer for landslide detection, which uses high-resolution landslide images from the Landslide4Sense dataset. The UNet-Pyramid model has the following modifications: To improve feature acquisition and advancements to strengthen the model’s attention U-Net architecture is integrated with the pyramid pooling layers and OBIA technique. The UNet-Pyramid model was trained and validated using labeled images taken from the Landslide4Sense dataset and the validated set using OBIA to improve its efficacy. The overall Precision, Recall, and F1 Score of the UNet-pyramid model for landslide detection are 91%, 84%, and 87%, respectively.

AIM: To find out the association of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 2 (SMOC2) gene variants rs2255680 and rs13208776 with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in both familial and non-familial primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS: A total of 212 POAG patients, comprising 124 familial and 88 non-familial, were enrolled. For genotyping the SMOC2 variant rs2255680, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were utilized for analyzing rs13208776 variant. RESULTS: The mean age of familial POAG patients was 50.92±9.12y, with 78 males and 46 females. The mean age of non-familial POAG patients was 53.14±13.44y, with 52 males and 36 females. The SMOC2 gene variant rs13208776 showed the significant association with POAG between familial and non-familial groups. The homozygous G/G variant was frequent among non-familial (60.2%) whereas the heterozygous G/A variant was more frequent in familial POAG patients (46%). There were significant differences in G/A variant between familial and non-familial glaucoma patients, and the risk was decreased to 0.53-fold in non-familial glaucoma patients [odds ratio (OR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.94; P=0.033] in codominant model. The risk was further reduced to 0.49-fold (95%CI: 0.28-0.86; P=0.012) in dominant model for non-familial patients. No significant association of SMOC2 gene variant rs2255680 between familial and non-familial glaucoma patients was found in our population. The haplotype analysis showed the decreased risk for TA [OR: 0.48 (95%CI: 0.29-0.79); P=0.004] and an increased risk for TG [OR=2.28 (95%CI: 1.22-4.25); P=0.01] haplotypes. CONCLUSION: Current findings show significant association of SMOC2 gene variant rs13208776 with POAG between familial and non-familial Pakistani patients.

The disease burden of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is rising day-by-day and is expected to rise 62 % through 2035. The chewing of tobacco, areca nut, and betel leaf, poor oral hygiene, and chronic infection are common risk factors of OSCC, but genetic and epigenetic factors also contribute equally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are comprised of small, non-coding endogenous RNA that regulate a plethora of biological activities by targeting messenger RNA through degradation or inhibition. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes can regulate the development and progression of OSCC. The present study aimed to determine the association between SNPs in miRNA genes (miRSNPs) with the risk of OSCC. A case-control study involving 225 histo-pathologically confirmed OSCC cases and 225 healthy controls was conducted, where 25 miRSNPs were analyzed by iPLEX MassArray analysis. A SNP rs12220909 in MIR4293 showed a highly protective effect (CC vs GG, OR = 0.0431, 95%CI = 0.005–0.323, p = 3e-6). Whereas three SNPs, namely, rs4705342 in MIR143 (CC vs TT, OR = 2.25, 95%CI = 2.00–2.53, p = 0.0008), rs531564 in MIR124 (CC vs GG, OR = 24.18, 95%CI = 3.22–181.37, p = 3e-6), and rs3746444 in MIR499 (AA vs GG, OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.32–3.05, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a higher risk of OSCC. Additionally, NanoString-based nCounter miRNA expression profiling revealed that miR-499a (Log2FC = −1.07), and miR-143 (Log2FC = −1.56) were aberrantly expressed in OSCC tissue. Taken together, the above miSNPs may contribute to the high incidence of OSCC in central India. However, further studies with large cohorts and ethnic stratification are required to validate our findings.

Rectal thermometers are commonly used to assess animal health, but non-invasive methods like thermal imaging are gaining popularity for their ease. This study explores using infra-red thermography to measure eye temperatures as a proxy for body temperature in buffaloes. Among 280 adult female buffaloes, rectal temperature averaged 38.26 ± 0.38 °C, while eye temperature averaged 36.99 ± 0.47 °C. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation (0.674, p

The present study describes a method for the preparation of green titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from the peel of Solanum tuberosum, commonly known as potato, and the potato peel being a kitchen waste. The green synthesized TiO2 (G- TiO2) nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, TEM, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the G- TiO2 nanoparticles was also shown using the dye bromophenol blue. To explore the biocompatibility of the G- TiO2, the cell viability in normal as well as cancer cells was assessed. Further, the in vivo toxicity of the G- TiO2 nanoparticles was assessed using zebrafish embryos. The novelty of the present invention is to utilize kitchen waste for a useful purpose for the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles which is known to have UV light scavenging properties. Moreover, the potato peel is a natural antioxidant and possesses a skin-lightening effect. A combination of the potato peel extract and titanium dioxide prepared using the extract will have a combinatorial effect for protecting UV light exposure to the skin and lightening the skin colour.

Abstract Background Internship is a phase of training wherein medical graduates acquire the skills and competencies required to function independently. It has been reported that interns lack confidence in performing common procedures, as these skills are often learnt through self-learning or performing without supervision. This type of learning endangers patient safety and fails to instil the required confidence in the student. Training in skills laboratories provide opportunity to learn clinical skills in a safe environment. However, skills laboratories are resource-intensive, and there is limited information on different training approaches, such as blended learning, and how the trainees perceive their usefulness. Hence, we conducted this pilot study to assess the perceived usefulness of a blended learning approach for skills training among medical interns. Methods This mixed methods study was conducted in the skills laboratory of an apex medical institute in India, among 42 interns posted for the Interns Skill-based Clinical Induction Program (ISCIP). In this training, a blended learning approach was adopted, which comprised of two components - an online e-learning module, followed by a hands-on training session. The trainees were asked to complete a feedback form and grade different components of the online session, and hands-on session on a five-item Likert-based scale. The scores were expressed as the mean (SD) of a maximum possible score of 5 for each of the components. In order to gain insight of the perceived usefulness of skills training among learners, focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Results The mean (SD) score for perceived importance ranged from 5 (0) to 4.9 (0.2) for various skills. The proportion of interns who felt confident in performing the skill after the training was 88.1% for IV cannulation to 97.6% handwashing, and gloving and gowning. The findings of the qualitative component revealed that interns found the training to be useful and interesting. It was perceived to be more ethical, uniform, well-structured, and provided an opportunity to practice a skill repeatedly. Conclusions The blended learning approach was perceived to be useful among the medical interns. Further research may be conducted in other medical institutes to assess the effectiveness of skills training. Clinical trial registration number Not applicable, as the study is not a trial.

Abstract Background Fish with vertebral monstrosities are very rare in the wild, as those individuals in the natural populations tend to perform poorly to survive in any ecosystem. Species of the fish genus Hypselobarbus as reported (Bleeker in De visschen van den Indischen Archipel, Lange, 1860) are freshwater endemic barbs of Western Ghats and peninsular India. Four species of the genus, namely Hypselobarbus dobsoni (Krishna carp), H. jerdoni (Jerdon’s Carp), H. lithopidos (Canara barb) and H. thomassi (Red Canarese barb), were collected from three different river systems of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of India. Some individuals were found to be different from normal specimens, with extremely large body depth compared to normal specimens. The study was initiated with the aim of bringing an understanding on monstrosities of these four species along with identifying the normal and abnormal individuals in an integrated approach; employing traditional morphometry, X-ray imaging and barcoding mtDNA COI X-ray imaging could elucidate the vertebral monstrosities, which are discussed in detail. The mtDNA COI gene sequences generated were used to draw conclusions on identity of both normal and deformed individuals. Results The phenotypic deformities have led to deepening of the body with a more robust and reduced length which is evident from the morphometric comparison of normal specimens with deformed ones. The radiographic images revealed reduced intra-vertebral space in comparison with the normal vertebrae, deformed vertebrae were between 25 and 32, showing significantly altered intra-vertebral space. Slight genetic divergence of 1.1% between normal and deformed specimens in mitochondrial DNA COI gene of H. lithopidos and H. thomassi and no divergence in H. dobsoni and H. jerdoni were also observed. Conclusion The specimens were collected from areas with high anthropogenic stresses, abate water quality, and habitat, which could be possible reasons of appearance of individuals with deformed vertebrae. Several environmental and genetic factors might have influenced the development of these robust short-bodied phenotypes in these rivers and possess slight genetic divergence from normal specimens. However, these deformities may also be the result of the stress during embryonic and early life stages in the wild.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public health, with emerging evidence suggesting substantial effects on maternal and neonatal health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns born to mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Methods We conducted a literature search in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to April 20, without language or date restrictions. Observational studies reporting on the prevalence or risk of RDS among newborns from mothers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI tool. Statistical analysis was performed by using R software version 4.3. Results Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of RDS among newborns born to COVID-19-infected mothers was 11.5% (95% CI: 7.4–17.3%), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 93%). Newborns from infected mothers had a significantly higher risk of developing RDS, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.77 to 4.17). Conclusion Newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 have a substantially increased risk of developing RDS. These findings emphasize the need for vigilant monitoring and appropriate management of pregnant women with COVID-19 to mitigate adverse neonatal outcomes.

Abstract Groundwater poisoning by heavy metals has caused serious health hazards in the exposed population globally. Manganese (Mn) poisoning causing human health hazards is very meagerly reported worldwide. The present research elucidates for the first time the catastrophic effect of manganese causing cancer in the Gangetic plains of Bihar (India). The blood samples of n = 1146 cancer patients were voluntarily obtained for the study, after their consent. Their household water samples were also collected for the study. All the samples were analysed for Mn contamination by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The study indicates high Mn contamination in the cancer patient blood samples with highest content as 6022 µg/L. Moreover, the cancer patient’s household handpump water samples also contained elevated Mn contamination. The correlation coefficient study finds significant association between Mn contamination in blood of cancer patients and their handpump water. The carcinoma group of cancer patients mostly in Stage III & IV had significant Mn contamination in their blood (above WHO/BIS permissible limit). The geospatial study depicts Mn contamination in handpump water in the state of Bihar in correlation with cancer patient’s blood samples. This novel finding is being reported in India for the first time, which correlates cancer with handpump drinking water. The long-term Mn exposure could be one of the causative agents for elevating cancer incidences. However, other confounding risk factors cannot be denied.

Abstract Background As e-cigarettes gain popularity as potential tobacco cessation aids, concerns arise about their dual use with traditional cigarettes, especially among pregnant women, potentially subjecting both women and fetuses to heightened risks. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of dual use of tobacco smoking and e-cigarette use in pregnant women. Methods A literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane on October 20, 2023. The included studies reported the number of pregnant women and the count of those who were dual users. Quality assessment was undertaken using the JBI tool. The pooled prevalence of dual use was determined via a random-effects model. All statistical analyses were executed using R software, version 4.3. PROSPERO: CRD42023486020. Results Eighteen studies were analyzed, encompassing 5,983,363 pregnant women. The meta-analysis indicated an overall prevalence of 4.6% (95% CI: 2.0-10.3) for dual users with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 100%). Subgroup analysis based on the country showed a prevalence of 4.9% (95% CI: 2.0 to 11.6) for USA and 8.1% (95% CI: 0.00 to 1.00) for UK. Meta-regression revealed reduction of prevalence of dual use from 2019 to 2023. A potential publication bias was indicated by the LFK index and the Doi plot. Conclusion The dual consumption of e-cigarettes and traditional tobacco in pregnant women is a significant health concern, with a notable prevalence. Given the established risks of tobacco smoking during pregnancy and the uncertainties surrounding e-cigarettes, more comprehensive research and public health interventions are urgently needed to address this issue.

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are more vulnerable to infectious and non-infectious comorbidities due to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction. Air pollution is a major global health risk, contributing to millions of deaths annually, primarily from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, the link between air pollution and mortality risk in PLWH is underexplored. This systematic review assesses the association between exposure to pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) and mortality risk in PLWH. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted for studies published up to August 2024. Eligibility criteria included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies assessing air pollution exposure and mortality in PLWH. Nested-Knowledge software was used for screening and data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment. A narrative approach and tabular summarization were used for data synthesis and presentation. Results Nine studies, mostly from China, demonstrated a significant association between long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and increased risks of AIDS-related and all-cause mortality in PLWH. Hazard ratios for mortality increased by 2.38–5.13% per unit increase in PM concentrations, with older adults (> 60), females, and those with lower CD4 counts (

Abstract The pearlspot, Etroplus suratensis is a climate resilient cichlid fish that exhibits unusual adaptation to salinity. The fish is able to complete full life cycle in diverse salinity habitats ranging from fresh water to marine environments. High-quality primary and phased genome assemblies were generated for pearlspot fish using PacBio HiFi and Arima HiC sequencing technologies, for the first time. The primary assembly is highly contiguous with contig N50 length of 36 Mb. The final assembly is of 1.247 Gb with N50 length of 51.57 Mb and 98% of the genome length anchored to 24 chromosomes. The genome was assessed to be 99.9% complete based on BUSCO evaluation and was predicted to contain 52.96% repeat elements. We have predicted 27,192 protein encoding genes, of which 21,580 were functionally annotated. The genome offers an invaluable resource to understand adaptation of pearlspot fish to diverse salinity habitats.

Abstract The dependability of nodes in an Industrial Wireless Sensor Network (IWSN) is vital for precise decision-making and the overall functioning of the network. Unreliable nodes have the potential to result in incorrect data, which can undermine the reliability of monitoring and control systems. Inaccurate decision-making in IWSNs can result in operational failures, safety risks, inadequate resource utilization, elevated energy consumption, and susceptibility to security vulnerabilities. Trust models tackle these challenges by recognizing and reducing the impact of unreliable nodes, improving the precision of data, and strengthening the security of the IWSNs. To overcome these challenges, this research work introduces a “Novel approach for Trust Utilization and Reliability Enhancement” (NATURE) in IWSNs. The unique approach employed in proposed NATURE model is distinguished by its multi-level clustered model, which improves attack mitigation, reduces communication overhead, and enhances overall network efficiency. This model is particularly effective in industrial environments where the network structure and the nature of data traffic are highly dynamic. The use of a multifactor trust estimation framework allows NATURE to assess the trustworthiness of SNs based on a comprehensive set of criteria, including behavior patterns, energy consumption, and communication reliability. By operating on multiple levels, NATURE can dynamically adjust trust functions to accurately distinguish between trustworthy and faulty SNs, thereby improving network reliability. Moreover, NATURE employs the temporal decay factor to prioritize recent node behaviors, ensuring that obsolete actions have minimal impact. Additionally, it uses the dynamic adjustment factor to balance the influence of negative interactions, encouraging reliable and responsive trust evaluations. Additionally, NATURE integrates a dynamically adjustable logical time window to enhance monitoring precision and adaptability, outperforming fixed-length windows in anomaly detection. NATURE integrates an Optimal Lead Node Election Algorithm (OLNEA) to improve cluster leader selection process. OLNEA considers network density, link quality, and Lead Node (LN), battery life, ensuring competent data aggregation and load balancing. By periodically selecting robust LNs and seamlessly switching to alternatives, NATURE promotes reliability and mitigates the impact of low LN battery levels. Additionally, NATURE employs a trust-based attacks detection algorithm to fortify IWSN security. This algorithm employs keen methods to verify data integrity, monitor energy levels, and ensure message authenticity, effectively safeguarding the IWSN from malevolent attacks and ensuring the safe transmission of data. Experimental results highlight NATURE’s exceptional performance across significant metrics when compared to existing trust schemes. In a WSN of 500 SNs with 30% being malicious, NATURE detects malicious behavior with a 97% accuracy, outperforming other models. Even with 50% malicious SNs, NATURE maintains a high detection accuracy of 91%, again surpassing alternative approaches. Additionally, NATURE significantly reduces energy consumption while achieving efficient throughput rates, underscoring its effectiveness in challenging network conditions.

Abstract This research explores the design of an infrared (IR) photodetector using mercury cadmium telluride (Hg1–x Cd x Te). It proposes two- and three-dimensional homojunction models based on p+-Hg0.7783Cd0.2217Te/n–-Hg0.7783Cd0.2217Te, focusing on applications in the long-wavelength infrared range. The photodetector’s performance is analyzed using Silvaco ATLAS TCAD software and compared with analytical calculations based on drift-diffusion, tunneling, and Chu’s approximation techniques. Optimized for operation at 10.6 μm wavelength under liquid nitrogen temperature, the proposed photodetector demonstrates promising optoelectronic characteristics including the dark current density of 0.20 mA/cm2, photocurrent density of 4.98 A/cm2, and photocurrent density-to-dark current density ratio of 2.46 × 104, a 3-dB cut-off frequency of 104 GHz, a rise time of 0.8 ps, quantum efficiency of 58.30 %, peak photocurrent responsivity of 4.98 A/W, specific detectivity of 3.96 × 1011 cmHz1/2/W, and noise equivalent power of 2.52 × 10–16 W/Hz1/2 indicating its potential for low-noise, high-frequency and fast-switching applications. The study also incorporates machine learning regression models to validate simulation results and provide a predictive framework for performance optimization, evaluating these models using various statistical metrics. This comprehensive approach demonstrates the synergy between advanced materials science and computational techniques in developing next-generation optoelectronic devices. By combining theoretical modeling, simulation, and machine learning, the research highlights the potential to accelerate progress in IR detection technology and enhance device performance and efficiency. This multidisciplinary methodology could serve as a model for future studies in optoelectronics, illustrating how advanced materials and computational methods can be utilized to enhance device capabilities.

Introduction The Kayakalp guidelines for public healthcare facilities under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) focus on improving sanitation, cleanliness, and infection control at public hospitals in India. This study was conducted in a 960-bed tertiary-level teaching hospital in eastern India. Housekeeping has been a challenge in public institutions, with factors like overcrowding and resource constraints. Tobacco and betel nut chewing, spitting, poor sanitation practices, and open urination are major challenges in ensuring sanitation at the hospital. The research objective was to study the implementation of the Kayakalp guidelines for quality improvement in housekeeping services at the institution. Methods A pre- and post-interventional study was conducted using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) quality tool. Plan phases included the gap assessment using the Kayakalp checklist with numerical scoring. Necessary interventions were done under three headings: structure, processes, and outcomes in the “Do” phase. The “Check” phase included monitoring of the activities followed by the “Act” phase, which included a review of the action plan. External experts nominated by the government conducted the final assessments and recommended it as one of the cleanest hospitals. Results A 360-degree improvement was observed in hospital services, with assessment score improvement from 73.68% to 95.0%. The institution received the first prize in 2020 and 2021 and runners-up Kayakalp National Award under category “B” (Institute of National Importance) Hospitals in 2019. Conclusion The implementation of Kayakalp guidelines of the Government of India proved to be efficient in the improvement of housekeeping and infection control practices in the institution.

Abstract Four distinct neural models were used to evaluate the efficiency of a V-trough solar water heater (VTSWH) equipped with square-cut twisted tape (SCTT) and V-cut twisted tape (VCTT) at two different twist ratios, 3 and 5. The objective of this study was the use of ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System), G.L.R. (Generalised linear regression), R.T. (Regression tree), and SVM (Support Vector Machine). A total of 162 data sets were acquired for these models through a variety of trials. Outdoor experiments were done using a twist ratio of Y = 3 and Y = 5, using both SCTT and VCTT. The models included eight distinct variables: ambient temperature, water mass flow rate, water intake temperature, water exit temperature, absorber plate temperature, tube temperature, solar intensity, and twist ratio. The dependent variables in this study are the Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (FF), and efficiency (η). 130 datasets were chosen for training purposes, while 32 were used for testing. Using the ANFIS, G.L.R., R.T., and SVM techniques, the correlation coefficient (R2) values for Nusselt number were 0.9990, 0.9961, 0.9562, and 0.9280 for friction factor 0.9966, 0.9683, 0.9810, and 0.9560, and for efficiency 0.9997, 0.9976, 0.9845, and 0.9614, respectively. Comparing all models shows that ANFIS is the most effective of the four strategies studied. The ANFIS model outperformed the other models regarding Nu, FF, and η, with RMSE values of 0.0805, 0.0.0004, and 0.4534. According to the above data, the VTSWH thermal performance predicted using the ANFIS approach has the highest accuracy.

Edge–cloud coordination offers the chance to mitigate the enormous storage and processing load brought on by a massive increase in traffic at the network’s edge. Though this paradigm has benefits on a large scale, outsourcing the sensitive data from the smart devices deployed in an Internet of Things (IoT) application may lead to privacy leakage. With an attribute-based keyword search (ABKS), the search over ciphertext can be achieved; this reduces the risk of sensitive data explosion. However, ABKS has several issues, like huge computational overhead to perform multi-keyword searches and tracing malicious users. To address these issues and enhance the performance of ABKS, we propose a novel traceable and lightweight attribute-based keyword search technique in an Edge–cloud-assisted IoT, named TL-ABKS, using edge–cloud coordination. With TL-ABKS, it is possible to do effective multi-keyword searches and implement fine-grained access control. Further, TL-ABKS outsources the encryption and decryption computation to edge nodes to enable its usage to resource-limited IoT smart devices. In addition, TL-ABKS achieves tracing user identity who misuse their secret keys. TL-ABKS is secure against modified secret keys, chosen plaintext, and chosen keyword attacks. By comparing the proposed TL-ABKS with the current state-of-the-art schemes, and conducting a theoretical and experimental evaluation of its performance and credibility, TL-ABKS is efficient.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in their many formulations have prompted an immense interest in nanomedicine and drug development. Numerous ZnO-NPs bioactive formulations demonstrate remarkable broad applications in deciphering their therapeutic effects and bioimaging. Their unique size, morphology-dependent properties and modifiable surface chemistry have made them promising candidates for translation into novel, alternative nanomedicines. ZnO-NPs demonstrate biocompatibility and are non-toxic with relatively required in-expensive production techniques. This review presents an in-depth comprehension of the synthesis, chemical and biological peculiarities of ZnO-NPs, including their varied manufacturing methods and their impactful applications in biomedicine. The physical, chemical and biological synthesis approaches that are unique for ZnO-NPs synthesis were comprehensively reviewed, followed by their applications in therapeutics (anticancer, antibacterial, drug delivery, skin treatment, antidiabetic and antioxidant), diagnostics (bioimaging and biosensor) and theranostics as well as their health hazards. ZnO-NPs exhibit antibacterial and anticancer activities, primarily through the liberation of zinc ions and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupt the cell membrane. Their anticancer properties are additionally apprised with an escalation in caspase 3/7 along with the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. ZnO-NPs are reviewed to attenuate hepatocellular carcinoma. Further, this article comprehended various in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic effects of novel drug formulations of ZnO-NPs. It also delved into two fascinating areas: ZnO-NPs’ performance in comparison with other NPs and the potential of ZnO-NPs heterostructures with 2D nanomaterials. The goal of this review is to inspire further research efforts to meet the growing needs of next-generation nanomedicine.

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) constitutes less than 1%, involving the second part of the subclavian artery (SCA). It can present as an acute upper limb ischemia or aneurysm formation. Here is a case of a 29-year-old male presented with complaints of rest pain over the left hand for the past 2 weeks. Upon evalution, found to have bilateral cervical rib with left subclavian artery occlusion. Treated by cervical rib excision decompression of scalene triangle, subclavian endarterectomy and left brachial embolectomy. Arterial TOS secondary to the cervical rib is rare; pathology involving this external compression results in repeated trauma in the intima of the SCA, resulting in subclavian stenosis, poststenotic dilatation, thrombosis, and aneurysm formation with mural thrombus and distal embolization. Symptomatic cases need decompression +/- arterial repair.

Introduction: Lower gastrointestinal tract malignancies, especially colorectal malignancy constitute one of the most common malignancies worldwide and most common cause of cancer-related deaths in developed countries. It accounts for third most common malignancy in men and the second most common in women worldwide. In this context, CDH17 and CK20 are emerging markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and for targeted therapy in the future. Aim: To assess the expression of immunohistochemical markers like CDH17, CK7 and CK20 in lower gastrointestinal tumours. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India, for the duration one year six months, April 2020-October 2021. All cases of lower gastrointestinal tract malignancies obtained as small biopsies or resected specimens of about 40 cases were included in this study. For all cases, four sections were taken: one for Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and the other three for immunohistochemical stains for CDH17, CK7, and CK20, respectively. The sections were stained using a standard protocol. Histopathological categorisation, pathological staging, and grading of lower gastrointestinal carcinomas were conducted in conjunction with the immunohistochemical markers CDH17, CK7, and CK20. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentages, were calculated. The association between categorical variables was analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Among the 40 cases, the expression of the CDH17, CK20, and CK7 markers showed 95.00% positivity (38 cases) for CDH17 and 92.50% positivity (37 cases) for CK20, whereas CK7 was found to be negative in 95.00% (38 cases) of the cases. Conclusion: The expression of CDH17 and CK20 in lower gastrointestinal malignancies, especially in the colorectum, was strong and diffuse. In contrast, the CK7 marker was not expressed in lower gastrointestinal malignancies. Thus, the IHC markers CDH17 and CK20 can be routinely employed as cocktail markers in lower gastrointestinal malignancies, especially in colorectal carcinoma of unknown primary origin.

Abstract It is tough and complex to forecast wind speed due to its intermittent and stochastic nature as well as sudden and abrupt variations in the wind speed. Further, it is required to handle the variety of scenarios e.g. cyber‐attacks, unexpected power device malfunction, communication/sensor outages etc. that can cause the missing data.This paper proposes and employs a de‐noising autoencoder algorithm for wind speed forecasting to ensure the handling of missing data information. At the next step, the data is processed via variational mode decomposition technique to mitigate the noise and improves the model's prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the bi‐directional long‐short term memory deep learning approach is tied with convolution neural network to increase prediction accuracy and anticipating the sudden/abrupt changes in wind speed accurately. Finally, actual wind speed related data is examined to scrutinize meticulousness of projected forecast methodology particularly during sudden/abrupt changes in the wind speed. The parameter indicators of the wind speed forecasting technique exhibit the capability of improved predictions under the diversified conditions.

Abstract Introduction Lower limb amputation significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life, with prostheses playing a crucial role in rehabilitation and mobility restoration. In Nepal, where access to advanced medical care is limited, understanding the factors affecting the well-being of prosthesis users is essential for optimizing rehabilitation services. This study investigates the sociodemographic and health-related variables influencing the quality of life among lower-limb amputees using prostheses in Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a super-specialized disability care center within a tertiary care hospital. The study included 43 amputees who had received prostheses at least five years prior and were regular users. The sample was drawn from patients at the same hospital. The study collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, health components, and pain experiences. Health-related quality of life (HrQoL) was assessed using the SF-12 tool, with scores above 50 indicating high HrQoL on the Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS). Scores below 50 indicated low HrQoL. Factors associated with these variables were analyzed using Chi-square (χ²) at a 95% confidence interval. Results Our study assessed the health-related quality of life among lower limb amputees, finding that 76.74% of participants scored high in mental health and 81.40% in physical health. Significant associations were identified between age and marital status with the Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS). Additionally, the reason for amputation and the experience of the Phantom pain were linked to the MCS. Factors like treatment for stump pain, perceived effectiveness of stump pain treatment, and residual stump pain were associated with both the PCS and MCS, while actions taken for stump pain and extremity dominance were associated significantly with the PCS. The level of amputation and treatment for phantom pain also showed significant association. All associations were significant (p > 0.05) at a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion These findings indicate that age, marital status, extremity dominance, reason for amputation, stump pain treatment, and pain management are critical factors influencing the quality of life among lower limb amputees. The study underscores the need for comprehensive rehabilitation programs incorporating effective pain management, spouse support, and tailored interventions based on individual demographic and clinical characteristics.

Introduction: There is a wide range of pathological lesions that can involve the urinary bladder, such as congenital anomalies, inflammatory conditions, metaplastic lesions and tumours which are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Broadly, bladder lesions are categorised as neoplastic and non neoplastic. Some urothelial lesions have mixed features or a tendency to transform into urothelial carcinoma such as metaplastic lesions, inverted papillomas, atypical papillary hyperplasia, Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLMP) and urothelial dysplasia. They are grouped as grey zone lesions. Identifying the malignant nature of grey zone lesions is difficult to identify by histopathological examination. Pathologists are trying to differentiate and classify bladder tumours using Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers such as Cytokeratin (CK) 20, CK-7, p53, Ki-67, etc., to help oncologists take proper decisions regarding patient management. Aim: To study the histopathological lesions of urinary bladder tumours and diagnose the malignant nature of grey zone lesions using IHC marker CK 20. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of urinary bladder lesions was conducted in the Department of Pathology of Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India between December 2012 and October 2014. A total of 87 patients with urological complaints were selected for the study. Data related to age, sex, clinical symptoms and personal habits were noted on a working proforma. Biopsy materials were processed and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination. The intensity of the reaction was determined in different fields, ranging from negative (0) to intense (3). Data thus obtained were analysed and presented in this paper. Results: Out of 87 cases of urinary bladder lesions, 47 (54.02%) were neoplastic, 26 (29.88%) non neoplastic and 14 (16.09%) grey zone lesions. They were more common in males, particularly in the 7th and 6th decades of life, i.e., 27 (31.03%) and 22 (25.28%) respectively. The most common histopathological finding in non neoplastic lesions was inflammatory conditions seen in 21 (80.76%) cases; Papillary urothelial carcinoma-low-grade in 26 (55.31%) cases of neoplastic lesions and PUNLMP in 8 (57.14%) cases of grey zone lesions. The result was positive with CK 20 in 5 (62.5%) cases of PUNLMP, 1 (100%) urothelial dysplasia, and 1 (100%) poorly differentiated tumour tissues but negative in 3 (37.5%) cases of PUNLMP, 2 (100%) of Adenocarcinoma and 1 (100%) case of Nested Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma (NVUC). Conclusion: CK 20 is a good IHC marker for determining the malignant nature of tissues in grey zone lesions. The results will be more reliable when used together with other markers.

Abstract Background Real-time disease surveillance is an important component of infection control in at-risk populations. However, data on cases or from lab testing is often not available in many low-resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), including immunochromatographic assays, may provide a low cost, expedited source of infection data. Methods We conducted a pilot survey-based prevalence mapping study of enteric infection in Camp 24 of the camps for the forcibly displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. We randomly sampled the population and collected and tested stool from under-fives for eight pathogens using RDTs in January–March 2021 and September–October 2021. A Bayesian geospatial statistical model allowing for imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the tests was adapted. Results We collected and tested 396 and 181 stools in the two data collection rounds. Corrected prevalence estimates ranged from 0.5% (Norovirus) to 27.4% (Giardia). Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157, Campylobacter, and Cryptosporidium were predicted to be higher in the high density area of the camp with relatively high probability (70–95%), while Adenovirus, Norovirus, and Rotavirus were lower in the areas with high water chlorination. Clustering of cases of Giardia and Shigella was also observed, although associated with relatively high uncertainty. Conclusions With an appropriate correction for diagnostic performance RDTs can be used to generate reliable prevalence estimates, maps, and well-calibrated uncertainty estimates at a significantly lower cost than lab-based studies, providing a useful approach for disease surveillance in these settings.

The current work involves the synthesis of amalgamated heterocyclic scaffolds embracing pyrazolone and triazole nuclei. The suggested methodology leads to streaming in the targeted synthesis in a multicomponent reaction manner resulting in 91% yield of the structural motifs. This strategy makes use of the click reaction mechanism of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) cycloaddition. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were ascertained considering spectro-analytical data from 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR and Mass studies. Subsequently, molecular docking studies were performed taking into account the P. gingivalis as the heme binding targeted protein.

Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare vascular anomaly with potential for significant vascular complications. We present a case of a 39-year-old male with acute limb ischemia secondary to thrombosis in a PSA, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management. Despite the absence of aneurysmal formation, the patient presented with severe pain and absent distal pulses, prompting urgent intervention. Computed tomography angiography revealed thrombosis extending into the left common iliac artery. Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) was successfully performed, resulting in complete resolution of the thrombus and restoration of limb perfusion. The patient experienced symptomatic relief postoperatively and regained ambulatory function. This case underscores the importance of considering PSA in the differential diagnosis of acute limb ischemia and highlights CDT as an effective treatment modality. Further research is needed to optimize the management of acute limb ischemia associated with PSA and to evaluate long-term outcomes.

The study examines the cardiac risks associated with certain herbal medicines compared to conventional allopathy drugs. Herbal remedies such as Citrus aurantium, Ephedra sinica, Aristolochia fangchi, Gly- cyrrhiza glabra, Corynanthe yohimbe, and Aconitum spp. are reviewed for their potential to cause adverse cardiac effects, including arrhythmias, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy. These risks are compared to allopathic drugs like digoxin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, which are known for their cardiotoxic profiles. Citrus aurantium and Ephedra sinica are noted for their stimulant properties that can lead to elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate, potentially resulting in cardiac arrhythmias. Aristolochia fangchi poses risks of nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity due to aristolochic acids. Glycyrrhiza glabra can cause hypokalemia, leading to arrhythmias, especially when used in high doses or for prolonged periods. Corynanthe yohimbe contains yohimbine, which may increase blood pressure and heart rate, heightening the risk of cardiovascular events. Aconitum spp., known for its potent alkaloids, can cause severe cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension. The study highlights the importance of awareness among healthcare providers and patients regarding the potential cardiac risks of both herbal and allopathic medications. It emphasizes the need for careful consideration of the patient’s cardiovascular status when prescribing or consuming these substances, as well as the necessity of rigorous clinical trials and pharmacovigilance to better understand and mitigate these risks.

Aqueous zinc (Zn)-ion batteries (AZIBs) have the potential to be used in massive energy storage owing to their low cost, eco-friendliness, safety, and good energy density. Significant research has been focused on enhancing the performance of AZIBs, but challenges persist. Vanadium-based oxides, known for their large interlayer spacing, are promising cathode materials. In this report, we synthesize Mg2+-intercalated potassium vanadate (KVO) (MgKVO) via a single-step hydrothermal method and achieve a 12.2 Å interlayer spacing. Mg2+ intercalation enhances the KVO performance, providing wide channels for Zn2+, which results in high capacity and ion diffusion. The combined action of K+ and Mg2+ intercalation enhances the electrical conductivity of MgKVO. This structural design endows MgKVO with excellent electrochemical performance. The AZIB with the MgKVO cathode delivers a high capacity of 457 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, excellent rate performance of 298 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1, and outstanding cycling stability of 102% over 1300 cycles at 3 A g-1. Additionally, pseudocapacitance analysis reveals the high capacitance contribution and Zn2+ diffusion coefficient of MgKVO. Notably, ex-situ X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman analyses further demonstrate the Zn2+ insertion/extraction and Zn-ion storage mechanisms that occurred during cycling in the battery system. This study provides new insights into the intercalation of dual cations in vanadium oxides and offers new solutions for designing cathodes for high-capacity AZIBs.

Abstract On the basis of first-principles calculations and non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations, we explore the photocatalytic water splitting properties of PtSSe/ζ-Phosphorene heterostructure. This heterostructure possess semiconducting nature with high carrier mobility (≈ 103 cm2V− 1s− 1). The calculated high value of electron-hole recombination rate as compared to electron transfer rate and hole transfer rate, establish the Type-II mechanism more favorable for PtSSe/ζ-Phosphorene heterostructure. Further, the calculated value of solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of PtSSe/ζ-Phosphorene exceeds to 10%, which makes it the potential candidate for commercial production of hydrogen for industrial use. STH conversion efficiency is further tunable on rotating one monolayer over other with specific angles in the heterostructure. Our study demonstrates PtSSe/ζ-Phosphorene heterostructure to be efficient Type II-scheme photocatalyst for water splitting.

Abstract Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants’ urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55%) was significantly high in the breast milk against the WHO permissible limit 0.64 µg/L followed by their urine and blood samples as biological marker. Moreover, the child’s urine also had arsenic content greater than the permissible limit (

Abstract Human intestinal gut microbiota harbors complex and diverse microbes that play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment in humans. The rise in mortality and morbidity rates among humans because of the increased incidence of food‐borne pathogens and the habits of individuals to eat junk food poses greater concerns and needs to be addressed. Bioengineering of probiotics has enabled the researchers to advance their research by developing probiotics with more functionalities. Moreover, GLP‐1 peptides which are incretin hormones have been shown to be more effective when combined with engineered probiotics. Various studies have shown its effectiveness in diabetic mice where human‐modified GLP‐1 produced long‐lasting benefits and research is going on to study its role in other diseases. The role of designer probiotics in treating and preventing diseases have been of much interest in recent times. However, the role of GLP‐1 peptides in treating diseases and their efficacy in combination with next‐gen biotherapeutics have received little attention. Thus, this review enlightens about the baseline knowledge as well as knowledge gaps related to conventional and genetically engineered probiotics. It also discusses the effect of GLP‐1 peptides in combination with bioengineered probiotics to prevent and treat diseases.

Abstract Accurate determination of sexual dimorphism in skeletal structures is crucial in forensic anthropology and medical diagnostics. This study aimed to assess sexual dimorphism in various indices of the second cervical vertebra (axis) and other associated structures. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on axis dimensions, vertebral foraminal measurements, body diameters, odontoid process parameters, and auricular facet indices in male and female subjects. A total of 122 specimens were examined, comprising 62 male and 62 female specimens.The analysis revealed significant differences between male and female subjects in various morphological indices. In terms of axial dimensions, males exhibited larger average height, length, and width of the axis compared to females, indicating sexual dimorphism. Similarly, significant differences were observed in the maximum length and width of the vertebral foramen, with males demonstrating larger measurements. Additionally, males showed larger transverse and sagittal diameters of the body compared to females. Regarding the odontoid process, males displayed greater sagittal and transverse diameters, as well as maximum height, suggesting sexual dimorphism in this aspect. Furthermore, significant differences were noted in the mean sagittal angle of the dens axis between males and females. Analysis of the superior and inferior auricular facets also indicated notable morphological variations between the sexes.The findings highlight pronounced sexual dimorphism in the morphology of the second cervical vertebra and associated structures. These results underscore the importance of considering sex-related variations in skeletal assessments for forensic and diagnostic purposes. Further research in this area can enhance the accuracy of sex determination in skeletal remains and contribute to the development of new identification methodologies.

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women globally, making its diagnosis and treatment challenging. The use of nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis and treatment is an emerging area of research. To address this issue, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were ligand exchanged with butyric acid (BA) to gain hydrophilic character. The successful functionalization was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Surface morphology changes were observed using SEM, while TEM confirmed the structural integrity of the MWCNTs after functionalization. Particle size, zeta potential, and UV spectroscopy were also performed to further characterize the nanoparticles. The breast cancer aptamer specific to Mucin-1 (MUC-1) was then conjugated with the functionalized MWCNTs. These MWCNTs successfully targeted breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) as examined by cellular uptake studies and exhibited a reduction in cancer-induced inflammation, as evidenced by gene transcription (qPCR) and protein expression (immunoblotting) levels. Immunoblot and confocal-based immunofluorescence assay (IFA) indicated the ability of CNTs to induce photothermal cell death of MDA-MB-231 cells. Upon imaging, cancer cells were effectively visualized due to the MWCNTs’ ability to act as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Additionally, MWCNTs demonstrated photothermal capabilities to eliminate bound cancer cells. Collectively, our findings pave the way for developing aptamer-labeled MWCNTs as viable “theranostic alternatives” for breast cancer treatment. Graphical abstract

Abstract This study presents the findings of a comprehensive geotechnical and seismic site investigation conducted at Otuasega Town located in Bayelsa State within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Subsurface exploration involved advancing 10 boreholes to 30 m depth using hollow stem auger drilling. Continuous disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling was performed at 1.5 m intervals for detailed geotechnical testing. Laboratory tests on the recovered soil samples established the index properties, classification, densities and consistency limits of the stratified deposits. The subsurface profile comprised alternating layers of clay, silt and sand typical of deltaic sediments, with the clay fractions exhibiting medium to high plasticity. Shear wave velocity (Vs) profiling using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (WASW) techniques categorised the site predominantly as Site Class C and D based on international standards. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) N-values ranged from 5 to 10, indicating soft normally consolidated clay conditions typical of the Niger Delta region. Predictive empirical models developed from the field and lab data showed strong correlations for estimating key geotechnical parameters such as SPT blow count, Vs and liquefaction resistance. Ground response analyses using the Vs and SPT data indicated significant site amplification potential, with peak ground accelerations up to 1.5 times the bedrock motion. Liquefaction analysis based on the empirical SPT-based methods revealed a high potential for liquefaction in the sandy layers, especially under strong earthquake shaking. The study characterized the complex sedimentology and provided baseline information for seismic microzonation and site-specific ground response analyses to advance understanding of geohazards in this delta environment.

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with dry mouth, reduced saliva, taste changes, and periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate and determine the correlation between oral health status and glycaemic control levels in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with T2DM aged 35-65 years. Glycemic control levels were categorized as good control (≤7% of HbA1c) and poor control (>7% of HbA1c). Full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were determined, along with xerostomia (using a standard questionnaire) and hyposalivation (using modified Schirmer test, MST). Results: This study included 70 individuals with T2DM, comprising 49 males (70%) and 21 females (30%) with a mean age of 55.36±8.3 and 49.36±6.8 years, respectively. Among those with poor glycemic control, a significantly higher prevalence of xerostomia (52.2%), hyposalivation (47.8%), and periodontitis (moderate; 47.8% and severe; 21.7%) was observed compared with those with good control (p=0.027, 0.001, 0.007, respectively). HbA1c exhibited a significant moderate positive correlation with FMPS (r=0.447; p=0.001) and a low correlation with FMBS (r=0.283; p=0.018) and CAL (r=0.301; p=0.011). Conclusions: The study concluded that individuals with poor glycemic control for T2DM have a higher incidence of xerostomia, hyposalivation, and compromised periodontal health, resulting in a decline in their oral health status.

By employing the melt-quenching technique, the ZnO–SrO–B2O3–PbO (ZSBP) glasses have been successfully fabricated. The derivative of Absorption Spectra Fitting (DASF) method was used to study the energy band gap (Eg) of the glasses which decreases from 3.57 eV to 3.39 eV. The structural properties have been studied using the Raman spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases with increase in concentration of the lead oxide. The current study examines the radiation shielding properties at 30.80–444 keV. The addition of PbO to the glasses resulted in a proportionate increase in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), suggesting a diminishing tendency in radiation transmission. At 30.80 keV, the MAC values are extremely high and range from 18.06 to 21.11 cm2/g. As density rises, the half value layer (HVL) decreases. In addition, the average HVL (HVL‾) decreases. The glass thickness required to reduce the radiation intensity to 90 %, 50 %, 25 %, and 10 % of its initial value is investigated at an energy of 35.80 keV. The T90 %, T50 %, T25 %, and T10 % values are 0.0020, 0.0132, 0.0264, and 0.0439 cm, respectively. The results suggest that a greater thickness of the radiation barrier is necessary to attain the necessary degree of attenuation.

Abstract This paper discusses collaborative planning principles as a means to improve water supply systems in the case of Delhi, India, through primary and secondary data analysis. The theory of collaborative planning is a well‐established concept applied to obtain effective policies in planning through the collaboration of actors in a shared space. We use this framework to discuss strengths, weaknesses, and scope for collaboration in the current urban development plan formulation process of the city. Some of the principles of collaborative planning we use include communication, collective decision‐making processes, and network power in a shared institutional environment. Our findings indicate a lack of consideration of water policies in the urban development plans. This underlines a major gap in the current process of plan formulation and provides evidence that the absence of collaboration between institutions in both sectors contributes to poor water supply for the population in Delhi. At the same time, it emphasizes the importance of collaborative practices between urban development and water institutions for better planning of water service provision in Indian cities.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have received substantial attention as a highly effective tool for analyzing medical images, notably in interpreting endoscopic images, due to their capacity to provide results equivalent to or exceeding those of medical specialists. This capability is particularly crucial in the realm of gastrointestinal disorders, where even experienced gastroenterologists find the automatic diagnosis of such conditions using endoscopic pictures to be a challenging endeavor. Currently, gastrointestinal findings in medical diagnosis are primarily determined by manual inspection by competent gastrointestinal endoscopists. This evaluation procedure is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and frequently results in high variability between laboratories. To address these challenges, we introduced a specialized CNN-based architecture called GastroFuse-Net, designed to recognize human gastrointestinal diseases from endoscopic images. GastroFuse-Net was developed by combining features extracted from two different CNN models with different numbers of layers, integrating shallow and deep representations to capture diverse aspects of the abnormalities. The Kvasir dataset was used to thoroughly test the proposed deep learning model. This dataset contained images that were classified according to structures (cecum, z-line, pylorus), diseases (ulcerative colitis, esophagitis, polyps), or surgical operations (dyed resection margins, dyed lifted polyps). The proposed model was evaluated using various measures, including specificity, recall, precision, F1-score, Mathew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and accuracy. The proposed model GastroFuse-Net exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a precision of 0.985, recall of 0.985, specificity of 0.984, F1-score of 0.997, MCC of 0.982, and an accuracy of 98.5%.

Abstract Segmenting breast tumors in ultrasound images is pivotal for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems aimed at detecting breast cancer. This research contributes directly to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), good health and well-being by leveraging innovative deep learning technique to boost the accuracy of breast tumor segmentation. Achieving accurate segmentation is crucial for precise tumor size, shape, and location determination, which in turn facilitates subsequent tumor quantification and classification. However, this task presents challenges, particularly when dealing with small tumors. The complexity arises from factors such as speckle noise, variations in tumor shapes and sizes across patients, and the presence of tumor-like regions in the images. Although deep learning-based methods have shown remarkable success in biomedical image analysis, the current state-of-the-art approaches still struggle to achieve satisfactory performance in segmenting small breast tumors. In this paper, BUS (Breast Ultrasound) dataset was initially applied on state of-the art DeepLabV3 + architecture for the segmentation of breast lesions in ultrasound images. After that to focus on more informative features, a modified DeepLabV3 + has been proposed by integrating a CBAM module in encoder as well as decoder. At the end, comparative analysis of state-of-art DeepLabV3 + model and proposed modified DeepLabV3 + has also been presented in terms of performance metrics like Dice Coefficient, Intersection over Union, Precision, Recall and Specificity. The proposed model demonstrates outstanding performance across different evaluation metrics achieving precision, recall, specificity, dice coefficient and Intersection over Union (IoU) values of 0.974, 0.933, 0.997, 0.951, and 0.933. respectively.

Abstract Linseed or flaxseed, native to the Indian subcontinent, had undergone domestication, edaphic selection and evolutionary processes that may have resulted in huge genetic variability in Indian genotypes. To understand the hitherto unexplored genetic diversity for sustainable flaxseed production amid challenges of climate fluctuation and identify trait-specific high-yielding genotypes, 2576 unique linseed accessions were comprehensively evaluated for 36 traits for up to six environments representing two major agroecological zones in India. A wide range of variability was recorded for days to initiation of flowering (42.86–114.99), plant height (43.31–122.88 cm), capsules/plant (64.62–375.87), seed size (6.06–14.44 cm2), thousand seed weight (2.80–11.86 g), seed yield (2.93–17.28 g/plant), oil content (30.14–45.96%) and fatty acid profile especially the key constituent omega-3 fatty acid (25.4–65.88%). Most of the traits such as plant height, flowering time, seed yield, seed and capsule size showed a high or moderately high level of variance coupled with high broad sense heritability indicating precise capturing of less heritable quantitative traits. The infraspecific classification of the tested collection revealed the seed/oil type (2498 accessions) as the dominant morphotype over dual-purpose/fiber flax (78 accessions) in the conserved collection. Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive association between flowering time, plant height, days to maturity and oil content. Trait-specific superior genotypes for earliness (50% flowering in 11 g), capsules/plant (> 350), oil content (> 45%) and fatty acid composition (> 65% alpha-linolenic acid) were identified to aid genetic improvement of linseed and to broaden the narrow genetic base.

Abstract Large mammals with general habitat needs can persist throughout mixed used landscapes, however, human-wildlife conflict frequently leads to their restriction to protected areas. Conservation efforts, especially for reducing conflicts with humans, can enhance tolerance of humans towards species like Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in human-dominated landscapes. Here, we examine how elephant use in the Chure Terai Madhesh Landscape (CTML) covering the entire elephant range of Nepal changed between 2012 and 2020 in relationship to protection status and environmental conditions. We systematically surveyed ~ 42,000 km2 of potential habitat, by dividing the study area into 159 grid cells of 15 × 15 km2 and recorded elephant signs during the cool, dry season in three years (2012, 2018 and 2020). We analyzed the survey data in a single-species, multi-season (dynamic) occupancy modeling framework to test hypotheses regarding the influence of environmental conditions and protected area status on landscape use by elephants over time. The best-supported model included protected area effects on initial use, colonization, and detection probability as well as temporal variation in colonization and detection probability. Initial use and colonization rates were higher in protected areas, however elephants increasingly used cells located both inside and outside the protected areas, and the difference in use between protected areas and outside declined as elephants use became prevalent across most of the landscape. While elephant use was patchily distributed in the first year of surveys consistent with past descriptions of four sub-populations, elephant use consolidated into a western and eastern region in subsequent years with a gap in their distribution occurring between Chitwan and Bardiya National Parks. Our manuscript highlights the increasing landscape use by elephants in both protected areas and areas outside protected areas and suggests that management interventions that focus on reducing conflicts can promote greater use of both protected areas and areas outside of protected areas.

Abstract Background In the face of contemporary climatic vulnerabilities and escalating global temperatures, the prevalence of maydis leaf blight (MLB) poses a potential threat to maize production. This study endeavours to discern marker-trait associations and elucidate the candidate genes that underlie resistance to MLB in maize by employing a diverse panel comprising 336 lines. The panel was screening for MLB across four environments, employing standard artificial inoculation techniques. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and haplotype analysis were conducted utilizing a total of 128,490 SNPs obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Results GWAS identified 26 highly significant SNPs associated with MLB resistance, among the markers examined. Seven of these SNPs, reported in novel chromosomal bins (9.06, 5.01, 9.01, 7.04, 4.06, 1.04, and 6.05) were associated with genes: bzip23, NAGS1, CDPK7, aspartic proteinase NEP-2, VQ4, and Wun1, which were characterized for their roles in diminishing fungal activity, fortifying defence mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens, modulating phyto-hormone signalling, and orchestrating oxidative burst responses. Gene mining approach identified 22 potential candidate genes associated with SNPs due to their functional relevance to resistance against necrotrophic pathogens. Notably, bin 8.06, which hosts five SNPs, showed a connection to defense-regulating genes against MLB, indicating the potential formation of a functional gene cluster that triggers a cascade of reactions against MLB. In silico studies revealed gene expression levels exceeding ten fragments per kilobase million (FPKM) for most genes and demonstrated coexpression among all candidate genes in the coexpression network. Haplotype regression analysis revealed the association of 13 common significant haplotypes at Bonferroni ≤ 0.05. The phenotypic variance explained by these significant haplotypes ranged from low to moderate, suggesting a breeding strategy that combines multiple resistance alleles to enhance resistance to MLB. Additionally, one particular haplotype block (Hap_8.3) was found to consist of two SNPs (S8_152715134, S8_152460815) identified in GWAS with 9.45% variation explained (PVE). Conclusion The identified SNPs/ haplotypes associated with the trait of interest contribute to the enrichment of allelic diversity and hold direct applicability in Genomics Assisted Breeding for enhancing MLB resistance in maize.

Background: Peptic ulcer perforation is a serious complication which affects 2–10% of peptic ulcer patients. Peptic ulcer perforation presents with an overall mortality of 10% although various authors had reported incidence between 1.3% and 20%. Being a life-threatening complication of peptic ulcer disease, it needs special attention with prompt resuscitation and appropriate surgical management if morbidity and mortality are to be contained. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to the comparative study of Graham’s omentopexy versus modified Graham’s omentopexy in duodenal perforation. Materials and Methods: This prospective and single-center study was done in Birsa Munda, GMC Shahdol Madhya Pradesh from 2021 to 2023 for 2 years of periods. A total of 160 patients divided into two groups-Graham’s omentopexy 80 cases group “A” and modified Graham’s omentopexy 80 cases group “B.” Results: One hundred and forty-six (91%) were male and 14 (9%) were female with M:F Ratio 10:1. Most of the patients were 20–78 years of age in both groups. Post-operative leakage was 7.5% and 1.25%, respectively. Mortality rate in Group A (3.75%) and in Group B (1.25%). The overall mortality rate was 7.14%. In this study, average hospital stay was 12.4 days in Group A and 9.0 days in Group B. Conclusion: This study showed that modified Graham’s patch repair is as effective as Graham’s patch repair in terms of the mean operative time period, the timing of oral feed allow, and mean hospital stay timing.

Introduction:: The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a technology that connects devices to collect data and conduct in-depth analysis to provide value-added services to industries. The integration of the physical and digital domains is crucial for unlocking the full potential of the IIoT, and digital twins can facilitate this integration by providing a virtual representation of real-world entities. Objectives:: By combining digital twins with the IIoT, industries can simulate, predict, and control physical behaviors, enabling them to achieve broader value and support industry 4.0 and 5.0. Constituents of cooperative IIoT domains tend to interact and collaborate during their complicated operations. Methods:: To secure such interaction and collaborations, we introduce a blockchain-based cross-domain authentication protocol for IIoT. The blockchain maintains only each domain’s dynamic accumulator, which accumulates crucial materials derived from devices, decreasing the overhead. In addition, we use the on-chain accumulator to effectively validate the unlinkable identities of cross-domain IIoT devices. Results:: The implementation of the concept reveals the fact that our protocol is efficient and reliable. This efficiency and reliability of our protocol is also substantiated through comparison with state-of-the-art literature. In contrast to related protocols, our protocol exhibits a minimum 22.67% increase in computation cost efficiency and a 16.35% rise in communication cost efficiency. Conclusion:: The developed protocol guarantees data transfer security across the domain and thwarts IoT devices from potential physical attacks. Additionally, in order to protect privacy, anonymity and unlinkability are also guaranteed.

Introduction: The technique of endodontic surgery had evolved tremendously in the recent years with introduction of new instruments and materials. Aim: This study aims to compare the clinical outcome of endodontic microsurgery using three different techniques with three different root-end filling materials for 16 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 maxillary incisors indicated for root-end surgery were selected for the study. They were enrolled into three groups, i.e. Group A (traditional [TRS]/heat burnished gutta-percha), Group B (concave [CON]/Retroplast), and Group C (cavity/DiaRoot BioAggregate), of 15 teeth each. The clinical and radiographic outcome was recorded at 1, 6, 12, and 16 months using various criteria. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test using SPSS V. 21 software (IBM Corp., Somers, NY, USA). Results: All patients had uneventful healing at the final follow-up. Radiological intratime analysis concluded a highly high significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in the size of radiolucency between the three groups at the third recall visit. Intertime analysis recorded no significant decrease in radiolucency between Groups A and B, a significant decrease in B and C, and a highly significant decrease between Groups A and C at 12 months. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the clinical outcome after endodontic surgery when comparing TRS/heat burnished gutta-percha, CON/Retroplast, and cavity/DiaRoot BioAggregate techniques at 16 months. However, cavity/DiaRoot BioAggregate resulted in significantly rapid and predictable healing at 12 months.

Abstract The mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, is a marine food fish of economic and aquaculture importance. The application of genomic selection-based breeding programs for this species is limited by the absence of a reference genome and transcriptome profiles. The current study attempted to fill this void by generating genomic and transcriptomic resources for red snapper. Using PacBio long reads, and Arima Hi-C linked reads, a scaffold-level genome assembly was generated for L. argentimaculatus. The assembly is of 1.03 Gb comprising of 400 scaffolds with N50 of 33.8 Mb and was assessed to be 97.2% complete upon benchmarking with BUSCO. Full-length transcriptome generated with PacBio Iso-Sequencing strategy using six tissues (muscle, gills, liver, kidney, stomach, and gonad) contained 56,515 isoforms belonging to 18,108 unique genes with N50 length of 3,973 bp. The resources generated will have potential applications in the functional studies, conservation, broodstock management and selective breeding programmes of L. argentimaculatus.

Background/Aims Quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) is believed to identify patients at risk of poor outcomes in those with suspected infection. We aimed to evaluate the ability of modified qSOFA (m-qSOFA) to identify high-risk patients among those with acutely deteriorated chronic liver disease (CLD), especially those with acute-onchronic liver failure (ACLF). Methods We used data from both the Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) cohorts. qSOFA was modified by replacing the Glasgow Coma Scale with hepatic encephalopathy, and an m-qSOFA ≥2 was considered high. Results Patients with high m-qSOFA had a significantly lower 1-month transplant-free survival (TFS) in both cohorts and higher organ failure development in KACLiF than those with low m-qSOFA (Ps