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Background. The analysis data on the malignant neoplasms incidence among first-degree relatives of probands with glial brain tumors are presented. Goal. To study the incidence of malignant neoplasms among first-degree relatives of probands with malignant glial brain tumors for determining the genetic component value. Material and methods. We used the indices of population incidence of malignant neoplasms among the residents of Belarus and estimated incidence rates among first-degree relatives of patients in the time interval corresponding to the average lifespan of the population of Belarus. Results. According to the given analysis, first-degree relatives have an increased risk of brain, rectal, thyroid gland and uterine body malignant neoplasms. However, a statistically significant risk was found only for malignant brain neoplasms. The standardized incidence among first-degree relatives in such localization was 3.39 (95% CI 1.10 - 7.92), which corresponds to the results obtained by specialists from other countries (USA, Sweden, etc.). Conclusions. The value of the genetic component of glial brain tumors in first-degree relatives of probands with established malignant glial brain neoplasms was 70.5% (95% CI 9.0 - 87.4%).