Search

The primary objective of the present research is to examine the impact of touch and gustatory stimuli on airline image and repurchase intention. Furthermore, the present research examines the moderating role of price fairness and mediation impact of airline image. The researchers gather data from the customers of PIA and Airblue travelling abroad from Islamabad International Airport, Karachi International airport and Lahore International airport by employing multi-stage sampling technique. Total of 576 questionnaires was distributed among the respondents, and the response rate was 68.9%. For the analysis of data received, the researcher employed PLS-SEM. The finding of the study confirmed the significant impact of touch and gustatory stimuli on airline image and repurchase intention. Findings of the study revealed the mediating role of airline image among touch, gustatory and repurchase intention was significant as well. At the end, perceived price fairness also moderated the relationship of airline image and repurchase intention. The present study fills the gap of limited studies conducted in the past regarding sensory stimuli in the context of the airline industry, the role of airline image as a mediator under SOR model and moderating impact of perceived price. Findings of the present study are helpful for policymakers and practitioners of the airline industry in Pakistan to develop the strategy by which they can retain their customers on international routes.

The global shift toward next-generation energy systems is propelled by the urgent need to combat climate change and the dwindling supply of fossil fuels. This review explores the intricate challenges and opportunities for transitioning to sustainable renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydrogen. This transition economically challenges traditional energy sectors while fostering new industries, promoting job growth, and sustainable economic development. The transition to renewable energy demands social equity, ensuring universal access to affordable energy, and considering community impact. The environmental benefits include a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a lesser ecological footprint. This study highlights the rapid growth of the global wind power market, which is projected to increase from $112.23 billion in 2022 to $278.43 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 13.67%. In addition, the demand for hydrogen is expected to increase, significantly impacting the market with potential cost reductions and making it a critical renewable energy source owing to its affordability and zero emissions. By 2028, renewables are predicted to account for 42% of global electricity generation, with significant contributions from wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, particularly in China, the European Union, the United States, and India. These developments signify a global commitment to diversifying energy sources, reducing emissions, and moving toward cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions. This review offers stakeholders the insights required to smoothly transition to sustainable energy, setting the stage for a resilient future.

Abstract Background The establishment of stable porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs) can contribute to basic and biomedical research, including comparative developmental biology, as well as assessing the safety of stem cell-based therapies. Despite these advantages, most pESCs obtained from in vitro blastocysts require complex media and feeder layers, making routine use, genetic modification, and differentiation into specific cell types difficult. We aimed to establish pESCs with a single cell-passage ability, high proliferative potency, and stable in long-term culture from in vitro-derived blastocysts using a simplified serum-free medium. Methods We evaluated the establishment efficiency of pESCs from in vitro blastocysts using various basal media (DMEM/F10 (1:1), DMEM/F12, and a-MEM) and factors (FGF2, IWR-1, CHIR99021, and WH-4-023). The pluripotency and self-renewal capacity of the established pESCs were analyzed under feeder or feeder-free conditions. Ultimately, we developed a simplified culture medium (FIW) composed of FGF2, IWR-1, and WH-4-023 under serum-free conditions. Results The pESC-FIW lines were capable of single-cell passaging with short cell doubling times and expressed the pluripotency markers POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG, as well as cell surface markers SSEA1, SSEA4, and TRA-1-60. pESC-FIW showed a stable proliferation rate and normal karyotype, even after 50 passages. Transcriptome analysis revealed that pESC-FIW were similar to reported pESC maintained in complex media and showed gastrulating epiblast cell characteristics. pESC-FIW were maintained for multiple passages under feeder-free conditions on fibronectin-coated plates using mTeSR™, a commercial medium used for feeder-free culture, exhibiting characteristics similar to those observed under feeder conditions. Conclusions These results indicated that inhibition of WNT and SRC was sufficient to establish pESCs capable of single-cell passaging and feeder-free expansion under serum-free conditions. The easy maintenance of pESCs facilitates their application in gene editing technology for agriculture and biomedicine, as well as lineage commitment studies.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. This research aims to investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and early mortality rate among pediatric patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) who were admitted to a hospital in Syria. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University Children's Hospital in Syria, involving pediatric patients diagnosed with TB between January 2013 and January 2023. Data were collected from medical records and encompassed socio-demographic characteristics, diagnostic methods, clinical presentation, chest radiography findings, and patient outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 129 patients were included in the study, with 26.4 % diagnosed with PTB and 73.6 % with EPTB. The most common types of EPTB were lymphatic (25.6 %) and gastrointestinal (17.1 %). Patients with PTB and EPTB did not differ significantly in terms of age, weight, or gender. Significant cough was more common in PTB cases (67.6 %), while lymphadenopathy was more prevalent in EPTB cases (48.4 %). Chest X-ray abnormalities were found in 58.1 % of patients, with PTB patients more likely to have abnormal findings (97.1 %). Microbiological confirmation was higher in PTB cases (76.5 %) compared to EPTB cases (25.3 %). The overall mortality rate was 14 %, with higher mortality observed in patients with EPTB (16.8 %), particularly in cases of TB meningitis. Conclusion: Our study highlights the epidemiological challenges of TB among hospitalized children, with a focus on the complexities of diagnosing and managing EPTB. We emphasize the urgent need for enhanced diagnostic and management strategies, particularly in conflict zones like Syria, where TB control efforts face significant obstacles. Prompt solutions are imperative to improve outcomes, given the high occurrence of EPTB and its associated mortality rates. Clinical recommendations stress the need for comprehensive contact histories and awareness of varied clinical presentations in pediatric TB diagnosis.

This paper explores the incorporation of aramid fibers, recognized for their high mechanical flexibility and low thermal conductivity (TC), to serve as reinforcing agents within the highly porous aerogel matrix in order to overcome their fragility and weak mechanical structure that impose limitations on their practical utility especially in piping insulation. The thermal properties are determined using a micromechanical modeling approach that considers parameters such as temperature, fiber volume fraction, thermal conductivity, and porosity of the silica aerogel. For specific conditions, including an Aramid fiber radius of 6 microns, a silica aerogel thermal conductivity of 0.017 W.m-1.K-1, and a porosity of 95%, the resulting AFRA composite exhibits an Effective Thermal Conductivity (ETC) of 0.0234 W.m-1.K-1. Notably, this value is lower than the thermal conductivity of air at ambient temperature. The findings are further validated through experimental and analytical techniques. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) is employed. This approach leads to the development of a quadratic equation intricately relating the key parameters to the ETC of the AFRA. The aim is optimization, identifying target optimal values for these parameters to further enhance the performance of AFRA composites.

This paper presents a robust framework for optimally coordinating integrated electricity and gas networks incorporating energy hubs and active loads. The energy hubs contain different sources, converters, and storage units to supply a variety of consumers. The designed system internally exchanges energy and gas using interface equipment and it simultaneously can participate in the day-ahead markets. This study also investigates the influence of various components such as renewable resources and energy storage systems on reactive power management. According to the high penetration of renewable energies and their significant impact on the network operation, a robust method consisting of information gap decision theory and fuzzy approach is applied to handle the uncertainty of wind and solar units. In addition, the role of flexible loads and prosumers is investigated by a time-based strategy, and eventually, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to evaluate the behavior of critical parameters. The presented model is a non-linear type that is linearized utilizing appropriate procedures to guarantee the problem convergence. The results show that the robust optimization with the maximum confidence level increases pollution and cost functions by 14.73% and 49.68%, respectively. In return, active loads decrease the mentioned values by 7.67% and 16.04%, respectively which validates their notable effects. The reactive power control of renewable resources and storage systems reduces the reactive power transferring through tie-lines and consequently improves technical specifications.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and rarely presents as renal mucormycosis (RM). Diagnosis can be challenging for many physicians. We report a rare case of primary, unilateral RM which triggered diabetic ketoacidosis in a type 2 diabetic patient. The case was later complicated by a bronchopleural fistula and a meropenem-resistant Klebsiella infection. The patient was ultimately treated with surgical intervention, liposomal amphotericin B, and polymyxine E. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of this life-threatening disease and its complications are significant in reducing mortality.

Abstract Background Despite its rare incidence of 1/40,000, fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) represents the prevailing type of benign cardiac fetal tumors, which commonly affects the ventricles. Fetal CRs rarely occur in the right atrium. Thus, the presentation of atrial fibrillation and premature atrial contractions (PAC) due to a solitary cardiac rhabdomyoma is an extremely rare scenario. Our literature review found that only 2% (1 out of 61) of rhabdomyoma cases were found in the right atrium. The majority of fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas are associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Case presentation A 7-day-old male neonate presented with arrhythmias and an atrial mass for further evaluation. Echocardiography revealed a hyperechoic, round, uniform right atrial mass (25 mm). An abdominal and testicular ultrasound showed multiple thin-walled cortical cysts in both kidneys and a scrotal hydrocele, respectively. His laboratory workup was insignificant except for hypomagnesemia. Electrocardiography revealed junctional rhythm and PACs with wave distortions. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed multiple subependymal lesions on the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. These findings (Fig. 1), along with a family history of TSC, confirmed the diagnosis of TSC with associated CR. The patient was treated symptomatically with an anti-convulsant and monitored with regular follow-ups. Surgical resection was not required. Conclusion Despite CR’s predominance in the ventricles, a diagnosis of rhabdomyoma should be kept in mind in the presence of a solitary atrial mass and PACs. Physicians should evaluate systemic findings related to TSC and provide appropriate follow-up and family screening. Surgical resection is not always required, and symptom management can be achieved through medical treatment alone.

Background. Endodontic infections caused by remaining biofilm following disinfection with chemical fluids encourage secondary bacterial infection; hence, employing laser pulses to activate the fluids is advised to improve microbial biofilm clearance. This study investigated the performance of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) agitation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to enhance the removal of mature Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms in complex root canal systems. Methods. The mesial roots of the lower first and second molars were separated and inoculated with E. faecalis bacteria for 30 days. The roots were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl, some of them were agitated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and the other roots were agitated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser using PIPS at 60 µs/pulse, 5 Hz, and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 W. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used as a new method to obtain the results in the isthmus area; the results that have been obtained from each group were compared with each other. ANOVA was utilized to compare the means of the test groups. Results. Based on the AFM and SEM analyses, laser agitation and passive ultrasonic activation groups have shown higher antimicrobial efficacy than the conventional syringe irrigation group (P

Biosensors have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by providing rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases. Biosensors are analytical devices that convert molecular recognition of a target analyte into a measurable signal. Older diagnostic techniques, such as immunoaffinity column assays, fluorometric, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are laborious, require qualified personnel, and can be time consuming. In contrast, biosensors offer improved accuracy, sustainability, and rapidness due to their ability to detect specific biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. The review covers various bacterial cellulose (BC)-based biosensors, from SARS-CoV-2 detection to wearable health monitoring and interaction with human-computer interfaces. BC's integration into ionic thermoelectric hydrogels for wearable health monitoring shows its potential for real-time health tracking. Incorporating BC in biosensors for low-noise electrodes, and wearable sensors has been elaborated. The invention of a phage-immobilized BC biosensor for S. aureus detection is a significant contribution to the field, highlighting the biosafety and efficiency of BC in pathogen identification and demonstrating BC's versatility across multiple sensing platforms. Palladium nanoparticle-bacterial cellulose hybrid nanofibers show excellent electrocatalytic activity for dopamine detection, whereas Au-BC nanocomposite biosensors show efficacy in glucose detection, with potential therapeutic applications. The “lab-on-nanopaper” device, utilizing BC nanopaper, not only visually detects human serum albumin but also establishes itself as a new-generation optical biosensing platform with superiority over conventional substrates. This review contributes to the ongoing advancements in biosensor technology, highlighting the potential of BC as a versatile material for developing innovative biosensors. This is crucial for improving the accuracy, sensitivity, and efficiency of diagnostic tools in healthcare.

Recently, oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) filled with nanofluid (NF) as the operating fluid has drawn researchers’ attention because of their improved thermal conductivity, and heat/mass transfer (HT/MT) characteristics. An OHP is an HT device based on a two-phase fluid flow that transfers heat between heat sources and heat sinks which is applicable in industries in terms of its highly effective thermal conductivity. According to previous research, in previous experimental and computational studies, the effect of adding metal oxide NPs into the operating fluid of an OHP was not studied. Therefore, adding Fe3O4 NPs to the operating fluid of the water flowing into an OHP with nano dimensions will be the research work ahead that can increase the efficiency of designed structures. The maximum density, velocity, temperature, and heat flux after 20 ns are examined to determine the effects of NP size and an external magnetic field (EMF). The numerical findings show that heat flux increased from 1561 to 1602 W/m2 when the NPs' size grew from 5 to 10. Therefore, the HT/MT of Fe3O4-H2O simulated NF showed enhanced thermal behavior as NP's radius increases. Furthermore, the results show that the presence of an EMF enhanced the thermal behavior of NF in the OHP. The heat flux increased from 1563 to 1586 W/m2 when the magnetic field magnitude increased from 1 to 5 T.

Abstract Background Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination was noticed to be less common among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aimed to explore the beliefs and willingness of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders about COVID-19 vaccine and understand how certain factors influencing the vaccine decision-making process differ between them and other parents’ groups. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between August to November 2021. An Arabic online survey was distributed in August 2021 to collect the study’s data. 400 parents from all the major regions in Saudi Arabia participated in and shared their beliefs about the new COVID-19 vaccination for their children. Results Out of 400 participants, 381 of them were eligible to answer the survey (95.2%). The total number of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorder was 158 (41.5%), was compared to responses of parents of heathy children 223 (58.5%). 85 (53.8%) of them were ready to vaccinate their children with COVID-19 vaccine. While 36 (22.8%) were hesitant, the rest 37 (23.4%) did not want to vaccinate their children at all. Only a small number 16 (10.1%) have beliefs of vaccines as a cause of their child’s neurodevelopmental disorder. A total of 79 out of 131 responses were received from both parents’ groups. Fear of long-term side-effects was the most common reason reported by 41 responders out of 64 (64.06%) from parents of healthy children and 38 responders out of 67 (56.71%) from parents of diagnosed children. Another reason reported by parents of younger children in both groups was the child’s age. Having a healthcare relative worker was significantly associated with the vaccine decision making (p

There is a critical need to use the abundantly available solar energy worldwide due to the global energy crisis. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the residential use of a stirling engine powered by solar energy in Karachi, Pakistan. The design was carried out to produce a power output of 5 kW in order to address the issues with household and rural area power generating. The design was simulated using MATLAB. The use of solar energy as the engine's heat input was one of the design's key components. This allowed the engine to be built for locations with a lot of solar radiation. In regions with abundant solar energy, solar cookers, sun air warmers, and other appliances may be used. For power generation, however, the Stirling engine was chosen. Calculations of the sun intensity showed that 5 kW of Stirling engine output could be generated from 12 kW of solar electricity. The concentrator for concentrating and reflecting the incoming radiations to the Stirling engine was selected as a solar parabolic dish. This process heated the engine's working fluid, which then expanded and contracted due to thermodynamic forces to produce the engine's power strokes.

Tetraploid complementation is an ideal method for demonstrating the differentiation potential of pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we selected the most efficient tetraploid production method for porcine embryos and investigated whether tetraploid blastomere aggregation could enhance the quality of tetraploid embryos. Three methods were investigated to produce tetraploid embryos: First, tetraploid embryos were produced using electro-fusion of two-cell stage parthenogenetic blastomere (FUTP). Second, somatic cell was injected into the mature oocyte and fused to produce tetraploid embryos. Third, oocytes were matured with Cytochalasin B (CB) for the late 22 h of in vitro maturation to inhibit the first polar body (PB1). Following that, non-PB1 oocytes were treated with CB for 4 h after parthenogenetic activation. There was no significant difference in the blastocyst development rate and tetraploid production rate of the embryos produced through the three methods. However, FUTP-derived blastocysts had a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic cells compared to other methods. The developmental competence of embryos, expression of trophectoderm cell marker genes, and distribution of YAP1 protein were investigated in tetraploid embryos produced using the FUTP method. The FUTP method most effectively prevented apoptosis during porcine tetraploid embryo formation. Tetraploid aggregation-derived blastocysts have a high proportion of trophectoderm with increased expression of the CDX2 mRNA and high YAP1 intensity. High-quality blastocysts derived from a tetraploid embryo aggregation can serve as suitable source material for testing the differentiation potential of pluripotent stem cells for blastocyst complementation in pigs.

In vitro generation of porcine embryos is an indispensable method in the realms of both agriculture and biomedicine. Nonetheless, the extant procedures encounter substantial obstacles pertaining to both the caliber and efficacy of the produced embryos, necessitating extensive research to in vitro maturation (IVM), the seminal commencement phase. One potentially fruitful approach may lie in refining the media and supplements composition utilized for oocyte maturation. Fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF7), alternatively termed keratinocyte growth factor, is a theca-derived cytokine integral to folliculogenesis. This study aimed to examine the ramifications of supplementing FGF7 during the IVM phase. To determine the FGF7 location and its receptor in porcine ovaries, immunohistochemistry was executed based on follicle size categories (1–2, 3–6, and 7–9 mm). Regardless of follicle size, it was determined that FGF7 was expressed in theca and granulosa cells (GCs), whereas the FGF7 receptor was only expressed in the GCs of the larger follicles. During the IVM process, the maturation medium was supplied with various concentrations of FGF7, aiming to mature porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The data indicated a significant augmentation in the nuclear maturation rate only within the group treated with 10 ng/mL of FGF7 (p < 0.05). Post-IVM, the oocytes diameter exhibited a significant expansion in all groups that received FGF7 supplementation (p < 0.05). Additionally, all FGF7-supplemented groups exhibited a substantial elevation in intracellular glutathione levels, coupled with a noticeable reduction in reactive oxygen species levels (p < 0.05). With respect to gene expressions related to apoptosis, FGF7 treatment elicited a downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and an upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The expression of genes associated with antioxidants underwent a significant enhancement (p < 0.05). In terms of the FGF7 signaling pathway-associated genes, there was a significant elevation in the mRNA expression of ERK1, ERK2, c-kit, and KITLG (p < 0.05). Remarkably, the group of 10 ng/mL of FGF7 demonstrated an appreciable uptick in the blastocyst formation rate during embryonic development post-parthenogenetic activation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the FGF7 supplementation during IVM substantially augments the quality of matured oocytes and facilitates the subsequent development of parthenogenetically activated embryos. These results offer fresh perspectives on improved maturation and following in vitro evolution of porcine oocytes.

Key Clinical Message This case underscores the importance of early detection and treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, a rare congenital heart condition, through comprehensive newborn physical exams and prompt specialist referrals. Abstract Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare form of congenital heart disease that is typically diagnosed in neonates. TAPVC has four subtypes, with the infracardiac type at risk of obstruction. TAPVC is usually diagnosed in newborns but can occur in other age groups. In this case, a 7‐month‐old male with recurrent cyanotic episodes was diagnosed with TAPVC of the infracardiac type using computed tomography angiography. The patient underwent successful surgical repair with a favorable postoperative course and was discharged in stable condition, and further follow‐up was not possible beyond 2 months. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition and management of this condition to prevent the progression of subsequent complications.

The benefits of using mathematical modeling of the flow are obvious, the final objective being the elimination of as many inclusions as possible during the flow of steel through the tundish, and thus, obtaining steel with superior quality. In this work, a simulation of the movement of the liquid alloy in the tundish was carried out, in order to highlight the erosion of its refractory lining. For this, we used SolidWorks, RealFlow, and ABAQUS programs. Using these simulation programs, the filling method of the tundish, the contact area of the alloy jet with the tundish wall, and the "dead" areas are highlighted, as well as the turbulences that can appear during the flow, which have a negative impact on the quality of the steel.

This study thoroughly compares multiple single bidirectional and multiport converters (MPCs), highlighting the significant role of MPCs in multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems. MPCs offer a more efficient and cost-effective solution than multiple single converters, especially in applications involving photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs) with storage systems, and power grids. This research emphasizes the importance of multi-input converters (MICs) in integrating diverse voltage sources. It notes the rising popularity of multi-output DC-DC converters in portable electronics, owing to their reduced component count, lower costs, and compact design. This paper emphasizes comparisons based on diverse aspects and applications, shedding light on recent developments in basic bidirectional converters. Additionally, it delves into the advancements in MPC topologies, focusing on efficiency, reliability, and modularity improvements. These advancements are crucial for harnessing cost reduction, simplicity, and compactness. Furthermore, this paper introduces an innovative multiport DC-DC converter tailored for integrating and managing renewable sources. This new converter design enhances PV system and battery storage performance by reducing power conversion steps, using fewer components, and improving voltage-boosting capabilities. Its unique bidirectional buck-boost structure allows for versatile connections between sources and loads with varying voltage and power requirements. The performance of this novel converter is evaluated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations under different scenarios. Experimental studies further validate its effectiveness, marking a significant contribution to power conversion and management in integrating renewable sources such as DC microgrids.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role in diverse applications such as environmental monitoring, industrial automation, healthcare, and smart cities. The motivation behind the development of WSNs stems from their impact in providing real-time data on various environmental parameters. The challenge for WSNs is to achieve strong security and efficient energy saving together. Traditional methods sought to find solutions either through security or energy. In response, this study proposed a secure and energy-efficient framework for enhancing security measures in WSNs while minimizing the impact on energy resources by using the Enhanced Consumed Energy Leach (ECP-LEACH) protocol and the Enhanced Random Forest Classifier for Low Execution Time (ERF-LET) algorithm for attack detection named Security-Enhanced Energy Conservation with ERF-LET (S-2EC-ERF). The integration of the detection algorithm at the node level played a pivotal role in fortifying the security posture of individual nodes by detecting and mitigating potential security threats. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset obtained from NS3 simulations, the ERF-LET algorithm demonstrated its proficiency in differentiating between normal and attack packets, thereby laying a strong foundation for subsequent evaluations, where it achieved an accuracy of 98.193%. The proposed methodology was further validated through real-time simulations conducted on the NS3. The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed S-2EC-ERF in terms of the packet delivery ratio (PDR), average throughput, end-to-end delay, and mean energy consumption compared to the Security-Enhanced Energy Conservation with Logistic Regression (S-2EC-LR), Security-Enhanced Energy Conservation with Decision Tree (S-2EC-DT), and Security-Enhanced Energy Conservation with AdaBoost (S-2EC-Ada) algorithms.

IntroductionLiquid preservation of boar semen is a highly preferred method for semen preservation in pig production. However, oxidative stress is the main challenge during the liquid preservation of boar semen in a time dependent manner. Therefore, supplementation of sperm with antioxidants during storage to protect them from oxidative stress has been the focus of recent research. Myo-inositol (Myo-Ins), the most active form of inositol, which belongs to the vitamin (Vit.) (B1 group has been shown to improve semen quality) (1). This study aimed to investigate whether Myo-Ins supplementation protects boar sperm in liquid preservation against oxidative stress and determine the appropriate concentration of Myo-Ins to be used in this regard.MethodsBoar sperm was diluted with a semen extender with different concentrations of Myo-Ins (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/mL) depending on the previous studies (1, 24). Sperm motility and viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), semen time survival, and gene expression were measured and analyzed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 for the different samples.ResultsDifferent concentrations of Myo-Ins exerted different protective effects on the boar sperm quality. The addition of 2 mg/mL Myo-Ins resulted in higher sperm motility and viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, MMP, and effective survival time. Investigation of mRNA expression patterns via qRT-PCR suggested that the 2 mg/mL Myo-Ins sample had increased expression of antioxidative genes.ConclusionThe addition of Myo-Ins to semen extender improved the boar semen quality by decreasing the effects of oxidative stress during liquid preservation at 17°C. Additionally, 2 mg/mL is the optimum inclusion concentration of Myo-Ins for semen preservation.

Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), a neurotrophic factor, appears to affect early embryonic development because it is secreted not only by neurons but also by oviductal and uterine epithelial cells. However, no studies have characterized the effects of NT-4 on early embryonic development in pigs. In this study, we applied the experimental model of parthenogenetic-activation (PA)-derived embryos. Herein, we investigated the effect of NT-4 supplementation during the in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos, analyzed the transcription levels of specific genes, and outlined the first cell lineage specification for porcine PA-derived blastocysts. We confirmed that NT-4 and its receptor proteins were localized in both the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) in porcine blastocysts. Across different concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) of NT-4 supplementation, the optimal concentration of NT-4 to improve the developmental competence of porcine parthenotes was 10 ng/mL. NT-4 supplementation during porcine IVC significantly (p < 0.05) increased the proportion of TE cells by inducing the transcription of TE lineage markers (CDX2, PPAG3, and GATA3 transcripts). NT-4 also reduced blastocyst apoptosis by regulating the transcription of apoptosis-related genes (BAX and BCL2L1 transcripts) and improved blastocyst quality via the interaction of neurotrophin-, Hippo-yes-associated protein (Hippo-YAP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. Additionally, NT-4 supplementation during IVC significantly (p < 0.05) increased YAP1 transcript levels and significantly (p < 0.01) decreased LATS2 transcript levels, respectively, in the porcine PA-derived blastocysts. We also confirmed through fluorescence intensity that the YAP1 protein was significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the NT-4-treated blastocysts compared with that in the control. NT-4 also promoted differentiation into the TE lineage rather than into the ICM lineage during porcine early embryonic development. In conclusion, 10 ng/mL NT-4 supplementation enhanced blastocyst quality by regulating the apoptosis- and TE lineage specification-related genes and interacting with neurotrophin-, Hippo-YAP-, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway during porcine in vitro embryo development.

The selection of an appropriate dispatch strategy is considered as a major concern when designing hybrid energy system (HES) since it has large effects on the stability, reliability, environmental and economic performance of the system. The cycle charging (CC) strategy is a default dispatch strategy in HOMER software. However, the main drawback of this strategy is that it uses the resource and load data in the current time step and has no information about the future. This paper aims to investigate the optimum design of an off-grid PV/diesel/battery HES for electrifying a rural area in Iraq. A new dispatch strategy which has 12-hour foresight for the load and solar production is developed using MATLAB Link module in HOMER software. A comparison between the proposed strategy and default cycle charging (CC) strategy in HOMER is carried out by considering the technical, economic, and environmental performance. The results show that the proposed strategy achieves better performance than CC strategy by having NPC of $4.03M, renewable fraction of 41.3% and CO2 emissions of 851377 kg/year. For the CC strategy, these values are calculated as $4.19M, 33.9% and 957477 kg, respectively. The sensitivity analysis is also performed to reduce the effect of input parameters on the optimization results and determine the critical parameters. The research findings can play a crucial role in the development of more effective energy management systems.

A microplate heat exchanger is one of the most compact types of heat exchanger used for cooling systems, and not much research was carried out to study the performance of this type of heat exchanger with hybrid nanofluids. In this regard, the performance analysis of the microplate heat exchanger is carried out by estimating the convective heat transfer coefficient in terms of Nusselt number using a hybrid nanofluid. In current research work, Microplate heat exchangers tested using TiO2/ethylene glycol, ZnO/ethylene glycol nanofluids, and a hybrid nanofluid with varied nanoparticle volume fractions. Based on the results, it was found that the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids and the overall heat transfer coefficient by applying hybrid nanofluids show better enhancement than nanofluids. The maximum thermal conductivity ratio between the hybrid nanofluid and the base fluid is 2.10. The maximum Nusselt number of 35.8 was observed for hybrid (TiO2–ZnO/ethylene glycol) at 50 °C and a volume fraction of 4%.

In recent years, the combination of wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) and the Internet ofc Medical Things (IoMT) marked a transformative era in healthcare technology. This combination allowed for the smooth communication between medical devices that enabled the real-time monitoring of patient’s vital signs and health parameters. However, the increased connectivity also introduced security challenges, particularly as they related to the presence of attack nodes. This paper proposed a unique solution, an enhanced random forest classifier with a K-means clustering (ERF-KMC) algorithm, in response to these challenges. The proposed ERF-KMC algorithm combined the accuracy of the enhanced random forest classifier for achieving the best execution time (ERF-ABE) with the clustering capabilities of K-means. This model played a dual role. Initially, the security in IoMT networks was enhanced through the detection of attack messages using ERF-ABE, followed by the classification of attack types, specifically distinguishing between man-in-the-middle (MITM) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) using K-means. This approach facilitated the precise categorization of attacks, enabling the ERF-KMC algorithm to employ appropriate methods for blocking these attack messages effectively. Subsequently, this approach contributed to the improvement of network performance metrics that significantly deteriorated during the attack, including the packet loss rate (PLR), end-to-end delay (E2ED), and throughput. This was achieved through the detection of attack nodes and the subsequent prevention of their entry into the IoMT networks, thereby mitigating potential disruptions and enhancing the overall network efficiency. This study conducted simulations using the Python programming language to assess the performance of the ERF-KMC algorithm in the realm of IoMT, specifically focusing on network performance metrics. In comparison with other algorithms, the ERF-KMC algorithm demonstrated superior efficacy, showcasing its heightened capability in terms of optimizing IoMT network performance as compared to other common algorithms in network security, such as AdaBoost, CatBoost, and random forest. The importance of the ERF-KMC algorithm lies in its security for IoMT networks, as it provides a high-security approach for identifying and preventing MITM and DDoS attacks. Furthermore, improving the network performance metrics to ensure transmitted medical data are accurate and efficient is vital for real-time patient monitoring. This study takes the next step towards enhancing the reliability and security of IoMT systems and advancing the future of connected healthcare technologies.

Porcine embryos are used for a variety of applications. However, the maturation rate in vitro remains low, and novel in vitro maturation (IVM) techniques that facilitate the collection of mature oocytes are necessary. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a key periovulatory chemokine present in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). We aimed to examine the effects of CCL2 supplementation during IVM on oocyte maturation and embryonic development. The CCL2 concentration was significantly higher in porcine follicular fluid (pFF) derived from follicles >8 mm in size than in pFF derived from smaller follicles. There was a significant increase in CCL2 mRNA levels in all follicular cells after IVM compared with that before IVM. We analyzed the localization of CCL2 and its receptor, the CCL2 receptor, in follicular cells. During IVM, different concentrations of CCL2 were added to COCs cultured in a maturation medium. After IVM, the group treated with 100 ng/mL CCL2 showed significantly higher metaphase II rates than the control group. All CCL2-treatment groups showed a significant increase in intracellular glutathione levels and a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species levels, compared to the control. In CCs treated with 100 ng/mL CCL2, the mRNA levels of BAX, CASP3, and NPR2 were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD2, and CD44 were significantly increased. In oocytes treated with 10 ng/mL CCL2, mRNA levels of BAX and CASP3 were significantly decreased, whereas, NRF2 and NPM2 were significantly increased. ERK1 exhibited significantly increased mRNA expression in both CCs and oocytes treated with 10 ng/mL CCL2. The protein expression ratio of phosphorylated ERK1/2 to total ERK1/2 was significantly increased in CCs treated with 10 ng/mL CCL2. After parthenogenetic activation, cleavage rates were significantly improved in the 100 ng/mL CCL2 treatment group, and blastocyst formation rates were significantly enhanced in the 10 ng/mL CCL2 treatment group. Overall, our results suggest that IVM medium along with CCL2 improves porcine oocyte maturation and the development of parthenogenetically-activated embryos.

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by non-functional lung tissue receiving blood supply from an abnormal source. PS is typically diagnosed in young individuals but is uncommon in the elderly. This abstract describes a case of PS in a 62-year-old male patient presenting with recurrent fever, chronic cough, and difficulty breathing. Imaging revealed abnormal lung tissue disconnected from the bronchial tree, with blood supply from the descending thoracic aorta. Surgical intervention successfully treated the condition. The case emphasizes the need to consider PS as a possible diagnosis, even in older patients, and suggests further research into its possible etiologies.

In this study, both polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were dissolved in dimethyl formaldehyde (DMF) with 8 wt. % concentrations at 25 : 75, 50 : 50, and 75 : 25 of PVC: PAN blending. For the investigation of the homogeneity and compatibility of mixture polymer solutions, it is examined by rheological properties such as viscosity, shear stress, shear rate, and calculation of the flow behavior index, while the investigation of the stability and high density of nanofibers without beads used field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). The results show that blending of PAN with PVC leads to improving of the electro spun ability of PVC with more stability, and the mean nanofiber diameter was 90.873±40.82 nm at 25 : 75 PVC: PAN. Moreover, mechanical properties are ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity decreasing with decreasing the blending ration from pure PVC to 75 : 25 PVC: PAN nanofibers by 71% and 83%, respectively, while the elongation at break increases by 79%, and decomposition temperatures decreased from 451.96 to 345.38°C when changing the PVC content from pure PVC to 25 : 75 PVC: PAN. On the other hand, changing of the nanofiber behavior from hydrophobicity to hydrophilic increased the PAN content in PVC: PAN blends. Furthermore, the low interaction between the chains of polymers and the crystallinity (%) and crystalline size (nm) of blend nanofibers slightly decreased compared to the pure polymers. According to all tests, the 25: 75 PVC: PAN was the best blending ratio, which gave a more stable nanofiber produced at low concentrations and more compatible between the PVC and PAN.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7), a vital factor that affects cell development, proliferation, and survival, plays an important role in oocyte maturation. However, its role in embryonic development remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of IL-7 supplementation on in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine embryos after parthenogenetic activation (PA) based on characteristics such as cleavage, blastocyst formation rate, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cleaved embryos, total cell number, apoptosis rate, and cell lineage specification in blastocysts. Immunofluorescence revealed that IL-7 and its receptor, IL-7Rα (IL-7R) localized in the cytoplasm of porcine parthenote embryos. By supplementing the IVC medium (PZM5) with various concentrations of IL-7, an optimal concentration that enhanced embryonic development, promoted intracellular GSH, and decreased ROS levels in the cleavage stage during porcine embryo IVC was determined. Investigation of mRNA expression patterns via qRT-PCR suggested that IL-7 possibly regulated maternal mRNA clearance and zygotic genome activation. Furthermore, IL-7 supplementation reduced blastocyst apoptosis, enhanced the expression of the inner cell mass marker SOX2, and phosphorylated STAT5 levels in the blastocysts. Moreover, it altered the transcription patterns of genes that regulate apoptosis, IL-7 signaling, and development. Thus, we demonstrated the localization of IL-7 and IL-7R in porcine preimplantation embryos in vitro for the first time. Furthermore, we suggest that IL-7 supplementation can be employed to enhance embryonic development and blastocyst quality based on the activation of the transcripts of genes that are involved in developmental competence and IL-7 signaling during in vitro porcine embryo development following PA.

The energy and exergy analysis of a single slope solar stills using ceramic type rectangular and circular magnets in the basin was carried out in this study and compared to conventional solar still. The results showed that the rectangular magnet solar still (RMSS) had higher hourly productivity of about 5.8% and 13.7% than circular magnet solar still (CMSS) and conventional solar still (CSS), respectively. For 12 h of reading, the cumulative productivity in RMSS, CMSS, and CSS was observed at 3.15 kg/m2, 2.82 kg/m2, and 2.15 kg/m2, respectively. Compared to CMSS and CSS, the RMSS has enhanced its energy efficiency by 4.9% and 6.9%, respectively. The observed exergy efficiency in RMSS has increased to 3.4% and 17.2%, respectively, than CMSS and CSS. Due to sensible heat absorbed by magnets, the amount of exergy lost in the RMSS and CMSS basin is much less than in CSS. In economic analysis, the estimated produced water cost (PWC) of RMSS is 4.5% and 22.2% lower than the PWC estimated in CMSS and CSS, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the magnetization of saline water made the solar still work much better.

In the field of thermodynamics, entropy is a measure of the degree of disorder of the system considered focus. The direct measurement of entropy for microscopic systems involving molecule-level variations exists. However, for a macroscopic system, it still remains a challenge. The temperature reading is used as the primary index for understanding the quality of heat. In certain applications, the induced errors in the temperature measurement create complexity in decision making. One such case is the measurement of human body temperature for fever-like symptoms. This research aims to develop a direct entropy measuring device to indicate heat transfer for macroscopic systems. The developed device measured the mean entropy of the human body as 0.042 and 0.146 kJ/K during the daytime and nighttime, respectively. In comparison to the simulated entropy values, the measured values differed by 4% during the trials on the human body. Key decisions on macroscopic systems based on mild temperature variations can be made confidently with the measured entropy values.

Aggregation of blastomeres is a promising method to improve the developmental competence of blastocysts and may be useful for the production of chimeric animals and the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines by increasing inner cell masses. Here, we determined the optimal conditions for blastomere aggregation using phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L) and examined PHA-L efficiency by comparing it with Well of the Well (WOW), a general blastomere aggregation method. As a result, we confirmed that treatment with 15 μg/ml PHA-L for 144 h was effective for blastomere aggregation and embryonic development of three zona-free 2-cell stage embryos (TZ2Es) after parthenogenetic activation (PA). The TZ2Es cultured with PHA-L showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher blastomere aggregation rate than the WOW method (93.5 ± 1.9% vs. 78.0 ± 8.5%). In addition, our results demonstrated that TZ2Es aggregation through PHA-L improved the quality of PA-derived blastocysts and improved porcine embryonic stem-like cell (pESLCs) seeding efficiency and quality of colonies. It was also observed that PHA-L-derived pESLC could remain undifferentiated and exhibit typical embryonic stem cell pluripotency markers, embryoid body (EB)-forming ability, and differentiation into cell lineages of three germ layers. Pig blastomere aggregation technology is expected to improve embryo quality and the efficiency of embryonic stem cell establishment and embryoid-body formation. It can also be used in blastocyst complementation systems and in the production of chimeric animals.

يحاول البحث الوقوف على تمثلات الإيديولوجية في رواية الهشيم من خلال رصد أهم الإيديولوجيات المهيمنة في المتن الحكائي للرواية الذي تنهض به الشخصيات الفاعلة في سيرورة الأحداث وتطوراتها ولاسيما شخصية البطل ؛ بغية الامساك بالبعد البولوفوني للرواية ، والجدل الإيديولوجي الذي يفصح عن هويات الشعب ، ومرجعياته الثقافية ، ورؤاه ، وتطلعاته ، السيسوثقافية . لقد اختطّ البحث منهاجاً اجرائياً لفحص التمثلات الإيديولوجية في رواية الهشيم من خلال تمهيد وقفنا بها على مفهوم الإيديولوجية ، وثلاثة مباحث اختص الأول بتقديم إضاءة مكثفة حول رواية "الهشيم" للوقوف على مبناها الحكائي ، وفضائها السردي ، في حين رصد الثاني أهم الإيديولوجيات التي ظهرت في الفضاء الروائي ، ووقف الأخير على الجدل الإيديولوجي على أنه مرتكز الرواية ، ومكمن الإفصاح عن براعة الروائي في تشييد عوالمها السردية.

This paper evaluated the oil and gas potential of the Cretaceous Yageliemu clastic reservoir within the Yakela condensed gas field lying in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, China. The petrophysical properties of the interest zones in the Kuqa area were characterized using geophysical logs from five wells. The results reveal that the gas-bearing zones are characterized by high resistivity, good permeability (K) and effective porosity (Φeff), low water saturation (Sw), and low shale concentration (Vsh), reflecting clean sand. The shale distribution model showed that these shales have no major influence on porosity and fluid saturation. The average shale volume, average effective porosity, and hydrocarbon saturation indicate that the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in the studied area contains prospective reservoir properties. The spatial distribution of petrophysical parameters, reservoir rock typing (RRT), and lithofacies were analyzed using the cross plots of litho saturation (volumetric analysis), iso-parametric representations of the petrophysical characteristics, cluster analysis, and self-organizing feature maps, respectively. The southeastern and northeastern regions of the research area should be ignored because of their high water and shale concentrations. The sediments in the southwest and northwest include the most potential reservoir intervals that should be considered for the future exploration and development of oil and gas fields in the study area.

Apart from being emission-free, electric vehicles enjoy benefits such as low maintenance and operating costs, noise-free, easy to drive, and the convenience of charging at home. All these benefits are directly dependent on the performance of the battery used in the vehicle. In this paper, one-dimensional modeling of Li-ion and NiMH batteries was developed, and their performances were studied. The performance characteristics of the batteries, such as the charging and discharging characteristics, the constituent losses of over-potential voltage, and the electrolyte concentration profile at various stages of charge and discharge cycles, were also studied. It is found that the electrolyte concentration profiles of Li-ion batteries show a drooping behavior at the start of the discharge cycle and a rising behavior at the end of discharge because of the concentration polarization due to the low diffusion coefficient. The electrolyte concentration profiles of NiMH batteries show rising behavior throughout the discharge cycle without any deviations. The reason behind this even behavior throughout the discharge cycle is attributed to the reduced concentration polarization due to electrolyte transport limitations. It is found that the losses associated with the NiMH battery are larger and almost constant throughout the battery’s operation. Whereas for the Li-ion batteries, the losses are less variable. The electrolyte concentration directly affects the overpotential losses incurred during the charging and discharging phases.

In this research, quality control and homogeneity tests were performed for 20 surface meteorological stations records in Iraq. For this purpose, the annual precipitation data series at the stations of Iraqi meteorological organizations and seismology for the period (1981-2010) were considered. Quality control procedure involving outlier detection using Mandel’s k method. Homogenization were analyzed by using four absolute methods tests namely SNH test, Pettitt test, BR test and VNR test, these tests were chosen to detect the inhomogeneity in data, the results of each test were evaluated at significance level 0.05. Results of Mandel’s K methodwere classified into four categories (Normal, Abnormal 1, Abnormal 2 and Extreme) and represented in GIS software.The results showed that 5% of station classified as Normal, 20% of stations classified as Abnormal 1, 25% of stations classified as Extreme and 50% of stations were classified as Abnormal 2. The homogeneity tests results displayed that 5% of station assigned as “doubtful” class with break years found in (1998) for (Pettitt and BR) tests, 50% of stations assigned as “useful” class , and the other stations which represent 45% assigned as “suspect” class with break years detected for (Pettitt, SNH and BR) tests most found in (1998 ad 1999) were represents 28% of break years, 21% of break years found in (1997) and other break years found between (1991-2004).

Armed conflict and displacement pose threats to children’s mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. We report on the findings of an evaluation of I-Deal, a life skills intervention aimed at fostering resilience among early adolescent refugees. We used a parallel group randomised controlled trial to compare I-Deal to a structured recreational activity group (SRA). 325 adolescents in Akkar, Lebanon, 74% of them Syrian, were randomised to I-Deal or SRA. The primary outcome was psychosocial wellbeing; secondary outcomes included psychological distress, prosocial behaviour, hope, self-esteem and social connectedness. Assessments were conducted at baseline, endline and 3-month follow-up. Due to low reliabilities, only wellbeing, distress and hope were included in the analyses. These outcomes showed similar results: no statistically significant changes over time, no significant differences between groups and no significant interaction between group and time. Our findings do not support the effectiveness of I-Deal. Several factors are considered that may help explain the lack of effect, including the aspects of the intervention design, possible measurement error suggested by low reliabilities on several instruments and a ceiling effect on our primary outcome. A replication using rigorously piloted instruments, the selection of outcomes more specifically tailored to the intervention and a nonactive control condition could help provide definitive evidence regarding the effectiveness of the I-Deal intervention. Key implications for practice This study contributes to the growing literature on the effectiveness of life skills interventions for refugee adolescents. The lack of any intervention effects in this study raises important questions about the appropriate focus and role of preventive and promotive interventions with refugee adolescents. Methodological issues in the study underscore the vital importance of using validated and well piloted measures of appropriately selected intervention outcomes.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the most popular multicarrier technique because it produces several advantages such as higher spectral efficiency, high transmission rate, robustness to fading channel and etc.. In this technique, the data is carrying by multiple orthogonal subcarriers. If all subcarriers are adding together with the same phase, it will result high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Higher value of PAPR makes low power efficiency, several degradation of performance in the transmit power amplifier and increase the complexity of converters. It is important to decrease PAPR for avoid these problems. Another requirement of the modern communication system is the security of transmission data. All these issues make strong motivation for building algorithm to improve performance and security of OFDM system. In this paper, a proposed algorithm is presented to both reduce PAPR and secure the OFDM signal by generating several Aperiodic PseudoRandom Binary Sequences (APRBSs) using chaos system. The proposed algorithm is scrambling the information by APRBSs, and one sequence is chosen for transmission which has smallest PAPR value. To inform receiver which sequence had been sent, a Side Information (SI) is enclosed with the transmitted sequence. Because SI very important at receiver, convolutional code with Viterbi-Soft Decision Decoding (V-SDD) is used to protect it against channel distortion. Simulation results state the proposed algorithm produces excellent PAPR reduction performance and approximately gives the same Bit Error Rate (BER) of the conventional OFDM system over AWGN and fading channels. In addition to get better performance, the proposed algorithm is providing a good data security due to chaos system. MATLAB program is used to build the proposed OFDM system and get the simulation results.

Abstract Background Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), an autoinflammatory disease, is characterized by self-limited inflammatory attacks of fever and polyserositis along with high acute phase response. Although colchicine remains the mainstay in treatment, intolerance and resistance in a certain portion of patients have been posing a problem for physicians. Main body Like many autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, many colchicine-resistant or intolerant FMF cases have been successfully treated with biologics. In addition, many studies have tested the efficacy of biologics in treating FMF manifestations. Conclusion Since carriers of FMF show significantly elevated levels of serum TNF alpha, IL-1, and IL-6, FMF patients who failed colchicine were successfully treated with anti IL-1, anti IL-6, or TNF inhibitors drugs. It is best to use colchicine in combination with biologics.

النّحو يعنى به القصد والتوجه وهو انتحاء سمت العرب في كلامها، وللنحو اتجاهان عند النّحويين اتجاه تحليل وبناء يكون الاعراب وسيلة تعبيرية عن مراد المتكلم لبيان المعنى ، واتجاه تعليمي يعنى بأواخر الكلم ، وللنحو علاقة ترابط مع اللغة، فالنّحو هو قواعد النظام التركيبي للغة وقواعد تركيبية للكلام، والكلام والتركيب العام يسمى نظام والقرآن الكريم مدونة خاصة لها اسلوب خاص وطريقة خاصة واستند على طرق عدّة منها : التّقديم والتّأخير والحذف والالتفات والاتساع، دُرس النّحو القرآنيّ وعرض له بأكثر من اسلوب على وفق توجيه الدارسين، وهذا ما لوحظ في دراسات الباحثين على وفق مرجعيات مختلفة ، المرجعيات التي انطلق منها النّحو القرآنيّ :- اولاً : مرجعيه تأريخية ترتبط باللحن إذ كان سبباً في وضع القواعد لصون اللسان العربي ، وثانياً : مرجعية فكرية متمثلة بقضية الاعجاز القرآنيّ إذ كان النّظم والترتيب وكل له غرض وقصد وكان من دواعي نشأة النّحو القرآنيّ، واختلفت الاتجاهات التي درست النّحوي على وفق مرجعيات اصحابها فالاتجاهات ثلاث : اتجاه جعل القرآن الكريم شاهداً إلى جانب كلام العرب من شعر ونثر، واتجاه جعل القرآن الكريم مصدر اً لاستنباط القاعدة النّحوية ، وثالث ربط التركيب بالمعنى، و أول الداعيين له عبد القاهر الجرجاني في نظرية النّظم وتابعه اخرون منهم الدكتور فاضل السامرائي .

Grid-connected hybrid energy systems (HESs) represent a very promising option for addressing the problem of power outages worldwide. The selection of a suitable optimization approach and operational strategy are important aspects of the optimal design and operation of these HESs. This study aimed to find the optimal grid-connected PV/battery system sizes to supply electricity for a residential house in Karbala, Iraq, using two control strategies, load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC). The optimization was performed using HOMER software with and without the multi-year effects. The comparison analysis was carried out by considering the techno-economic and environmental performance of the feasible systems. The simulation results indicate that optimal configuration is achieved by using the CC strategy. Furthermore, the multi-year module affects the optimal results dramatically. Under the CC strategy, the multi-year effects increase the required PV size from 6 kW to 7 kW and the required number of batteries from 18 to 20, leading to an increase in the net present cost from $26,750 to $33,102 and a decrease in CO2 emissions from 7581 kg/year to 7379 kg/year. The results also show that the optimization results are highly affected by the variations of some critical parameters, such as solar radiation, average load, and battery degradation limits. The achievements indicate the higher effectiveness of the multi-year effects and control strategy on the optimal design of HESs.

Due to the recent surge in silicon demand for solar modules, thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules have a potential to penetrate the market in significant numbers. As an alternate candidate, thin film technologies in PVs have the ability to achieve better performance. The competing thin-film PV technologies have the flexibility to adapt to any sort of curvature compared to rigid solar cells (SCs). Due to the peculiar characteristics of newer solar materials, stability issues, reflection losses, advancements in electrode materials and dopant materials with a photoactive layer are current challenges driving the industrial-academic voyage of development of solar materials for the betterment of Photo-conversion Efficiency (PCE). Based on the photoactive materials used over time, SC evolution was broadly classified into first, second and third generation SCs. In this review, the basic working mechanisms, various materials used, drawbacks and stability issues of different SCs are discussed extensively. Thin film SCs tend to absorb certain elastic deformations due to their flexible nature and to a certain extent. According to the NREL efficiency chart, multi-junctional SCs exhibit enhanced efficiency as compared to the other SCs. Among the third-generation SCs, the perovskite/Si tandem architecture shows a maximum efficiency of approximately 29%. Thin film flexible SCs find application in various sectors such as automobile, defense and/or energy storage devices

Solar desalination is a sustainable approach to producing fresh water from saline water. Researchers have tried modifications to solar desalination systems to enhance the distillate output. This survey aims to recognize the characteristics of research work for investigating solar desalination systems. The essential terms to be focused on are computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and solar radiation consideration for the investigation. The data for this bibliometric study was taken from Scopus, with 1932 publications. The characteristics of the research work were analyzed by identifying the research publications, research subject areas, journals, most contributed countries, and data from the authors. The research trend was investigated utilizing yearly research growth, geographical contributions, source quality of publications, and participation of various institutions. VOSviewer software was used for network analysis of essential keywords used in relevant research works and to understand collaborations between the authors and co-authors. About 76% of the total publications belong to the document type articles. It illuminates research tendencies related to the topic under consideration. Results show that desalination research work concerned with CFD or solar radiation was mainly investigated in Engineering and Environmental Science, with their share of more than 50% of the total publications. Further study of relevant research works was assessed using network analysis that helped to link different keywords and authors’ collaborations. This survey helps to spot the increasing research trends and the necessity of further research.

Abstract Background Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly (FDAB) and Thiemann disease are non-inflammatory digital arthropathies with many phenotypic similarities. Thirty-three cases of Thiemann disease have been described so far (Mangat et al, Ann Rheum Dis 64:11-2, 2005; Ha et al, Thiemann's disease: a case Report, 2017) but no gene variants have been identified as causative to date. FDAB is reported in only a few patients and has been associated with three heterozygous missense variants in the Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) gene. We report a TRPV4 variant in a father and son referred with a diagnosis of Thiemann disease and compare the clinical and radiological features of Thiemann disease with Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly (FDAB). We hypothesize that these two entities may be one and the same. Methods We describe a father and son referred with a diagnosis of Thiemann disease who were subsequently identified with a heterozygous variant (c.809G > T) in TRPV4. The identical genetic variant was previously reported to cause FDAB. A PUBMED® database search was conducted to retrieve articles related to Thiemann disease and FDAB. We were able to review the clinical and radiological findings of nineteen individuals affected by Thiemann disease and compare them with three families affected by FDAB. Results Thiemann disease initially affects the proximal interphalangeal joints and primarily the middle phalangeal bases. In FDAB, the distal phalangeal joints are first affected with the middle phalangeal heads being the primary site of changes. Radial deviation has only been described in FDAB. Our analysis determined that 5 of 20 individuals affected by Thiemann disease have clinical and radiological findings that also fit well with FDAB. Conclusion FDAB and Thiemann disease are non-inflammatory digital arthropathies with phenotypic overlap. Although more extensive joint involvement, a distal hand joint preponderance and brachydactyly are expected in FDAB, there are striking clinical and radiological similarities between the two entities. Our analysis suggests that these two phenotypes may represent phenotypic variability of the same entity. Despite many attempts to identify other reported patients affected by Thiemann disease, we were not able to procure DNA from any of the cases to verify our findings. Genetic testing of an affected individual will be crucial in order to provide accurate reproductive genetic counselling about the autosomal dominant nature of this condition.

In this paper, the computational complexity will be reduced using a revised version of the selected mapping (SLM) algorithm. Where a partial SLM is achieved to reduce the mathematical operations around 50%. Although the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction gain has been slightly degraded, the dramatic reduction in the computational complexity is an outshining achievement. Matlab simulation is used to evaluate the results, where the PAPR result shows the capability of the proposed method.

Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is a relatively benign disease common among many European populations, including those in the UK, Italy and Spain. However, it appears to be rare among Scandinavians and non-European immigrants living in Europe. The prevalence among Asian populations may be underestimated because a large number of reported cases were discovered incidentally. There is a need for surveys addressing the prevalence rate and consequences of PDB to be carried out in various parts of the world, particularly Asia.

Introduction: South Asian population has a particularly high prevalence of thyroid disorders mainly due to iodine deficiency and goitrogen use. There is no data available for prevalence of thyroid disorders in the general population living in nonmountainous regions of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 2335 residents of Pak Pattan, Punjab, Pakistan were interviewed about demographic, dietary, medical and environmental history as well as screened for goiter. Individuals of all ages and either gender were included. Results: Median age was 34 (10-88) years and 1164 (49.9%) were males. Median monthly income was 49 (3.9-137) USD. Six hundred and sixty-nine (28.7%) subjects had palpable goiter. 77.5% (n = 462) and 22.5% (n = 133) had World Health Organization Grade I and Grade II goiters respectively, further screened by measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In subjects with TSH

The present work is aimed to study the fatigue behavior of friction stir welding for the similar and dissimilar joints taking into account the effects of welding position, post welding heat treatments, and surface roughness. The materials were used AA2024T3 and AA6061T6. The maximum welding efficiency achieved at friction stir welding process was 62.8 % of the base metal for the similar 2024-T3 joint, and this value was improved by using post welding heat treatments and reach to 67.9%. Results showed that fatigue strength at 106 cycles depended strongly on welding line position where for welding line at a distance 0.35L from loading side, the reduction in fatigue limit with respect to 2024T3 base material was 45% for similar joint and 58% for dissimilar joints, and for welding line at a distance 0.7 L, the reduction in fatigue strength was 56% for similar joint and 67% for dissimilar joints. While, it was a large reduction in the fatigue strength reaching to 70% in both similar and dissimilar joint for the welding joint at a distance L (i.e at the fixing end). The heat treatments improved the fatigue strength about 31% more than non heat treatments of the similar 2024T3 joint by fsw at 0.7L in high cycle regime. Finally, the non-finishing samples showed a reduction in fatigue strength reaching to 10% more than the finishing samples of the similar 2024T3 joint at 0.7L.