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Arwa Lardhi,1 Rania Alhaj Ali,1 Rola Ali,2 Tarek Mohammed1 1Internal Medicine Department, Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Umm al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia Abstract: Vitamin B12 is essential for proper neurological functioning, and its deficiency may cause a wide range of neuropsychiatric and hematological manifestations. We report a case of a previously healthy 32-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital with sudden onset of bilateral lower limb paraparesis and loss of sensation. The serum level of vitamin B12 was mildly decreased with high methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels. However, her complete blood count showed no evidence of anemia or macrocytosis; instead, her mean corpuscular volume was low. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed thalassemia trait, and that probably masked the megaloblastic features of vitamin B12 deficiency. She responded fully to vitamin B12 replacement therapy. Keywords: thalassemia trait, microcytosis, pernicious anemia, paraparesis, cobalamin deficiency

Lardhi A, Alhaj Ali R, Ali R, Mohammed T. J Blood Med. 2018;9:141—144. The authors have advised there is an error in the author list on page 141. The author name “Tarek Mohammed” should read “Tarek Mohamed”. The authors apologize for this error. Read the original article

Composite biomaterials comprising polylactide (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are applied in bone, cartilage and dental regenerative medicine, where HA confers osteoconductive properties. However, after surgical implantation, adverse immune responses to these composites can occur, which have been attributed to size and morphology of HA particles. Approaches to effectively modulate these adverse immune responses have not been described. PLA degradation products have been shown to alter immune cell metabolism (immunometabolism), which drives the inflammatory response. Accordingly, to modulate the inflammatory response to composite biomaterials, inhibitors were incorporated into composites comprised of amorphous PLA (aPLA) and HA (aPLA + HA) to regulate glycolytic flux. Inhibition at specific steps in glycolysis reduced proinflammatory (CD86+CD206-) and increased pro-regenerative (CD206+) immune cell populations around implanted aPLA + HA. Notably, neutrophil and dendritic cell (DC) numbers along with proinflammatory monocyte and macrophage populations were decreased, and Arginase 1 expression among DCs was increased. Targeting immunometabolism to control the proinflammatory response to biomaterial composites, thereby creating a pro-regenerative microenvironment, is a significant advance in tissue engineering where immunomodulation enhances osseointegration and angiogenesis, which could lead to improved bone regeneration.

Abstract Self-determination is an inherent and indisputable legal entitlement that must be universally available to every individual, irrespective of their physical capabilities. In the case of people who are blind or have low vision, these rights are often challenged. Access to information is a major factor in facilitating choices that align with their goals, aspirations, and meaningful participation in society. This critical review examines the legal, ethical, and psychological dimensions of information access and self-determination for individuals with visual impairments. The legal framework for self-determination and the right to information is primarily shaped by international human rights treaties and domestic legislation. Notably, international conventions such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) provide safeguards to ensure that individuals with visual impairment are afforded equal opportunities for societal engagement, including unrestricted access to information. However, implementing these laws remains challenging in many countries, particularly developing nations. This literature review highlights significant ethical implications of denying individuals with visual impairment access to information, leading to disempowerment and a lack of agency. Psychologically, self-determination and the right to information have been demonstrated as essential factors for the well-being of visually impaired individuals. Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health conditions in individuals with visual impairment. It has been shown that the inability to make choices that align with patients’ values and beliefs can negatively impact their mental health. A critical evaluation of the cultural and psychological barriers to information access can offer valuable insights into how international human rights treaties and domestic laws can be effectively implemented to safeguard the rights of individuals with visual impairments. The literature is scarce on preventive and early intervention strategies to mitigate mental health issues within this group, highlighting the need for further research.

Abstract Background Gadolinium (Gd) is an increasingly found lanthanide element in soil; thus, understanding its impact on plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular responses is crucial. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of Gd (150 mg kg− 1) impacts on guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) plant yield and metabolism and whether the symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mitigate Gd toxicity of soil contamination. Results AMF treatment improved mineral nutrient uptake and seed yield by 38–41% under Gd stress compared to non-inoculated stressed plants. Metabolic analysis unveiled the defense mechanisms adopted by AMF-treated plants, revealing carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations to withstand Gd contamination. This included an increase in the synthesis of primary metabolites, such as total sugar (+ 39% compared to control), soluble sugars (+ 29%), starch (+ 30%), and some main amino acids like proline (+ 57%) and phenylalanine (+ 87%) in the seeds of AMF-treated plants grown under Gd contamination. Furthermore, fatty acid and organic acid profile changes were accompanied by the production of secondary metabolites, including tocopherols, polyamines, phenolic acids, flavones, and anthocyanins. Conclusions Overall, the coordinated synthesis of these compounds underscores the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying plant-AMF interactions and highlights the potential of AMF to modulate plant secondary metabolism for enhanced Gd stress tolerance.

Amr J Halawani,1 Hisham I Abu-Tawil,2,3 Salah Alharbi,4 Bandar S Almalki,5 Fawaz M Majmi,6 Renad A Miny,1 Nada G Alghoribi,1 Sulaiman S Alabsi,7 Saeed M Kabrah,1 Haneen O Alhaj,8 Musaed M Alshahrani,9 Nora Y Hakami10 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Faisal Medical City for Southern Regions, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia; 4Armed Forces Hospital in Jazan, Ministry of Defence, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 5General Medical Committee, tDirectorate General of Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pharmacy, Ahad Al Masarihah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 7King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 8Kholoud Laboratory for Medical Analysis, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 9Blood Bank Laboratory, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Amr J Halawani, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email ajjhalawani@uqu.edu.saPurpose: Jazan Province in Saudi Arabia is notable for its high prevalence of inherited hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia, necessitating frequent blood transfusions for affected individuals. To mitigate risks such as RBC alloimmunization and hemolytic transfusion reactions, ensuring blood compatibility is crucial. The Kell (KEL) blood group system, pivotal alongside the ABO and RH systems, encompasses multiple antigens implicated in these complications. This study aimed to investigate the frequencies of KEL blood group antigens (K, k, Kpa, and Kpb) and determine KEL phenotypes (K/k and Kpa/Kpb) among Saudi blood donors living in Jazan Province.Methods: A total of 138 anonymous healthy Saudi blood donors from Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia, were enrolled in this study. Anticoagulated blood was analyzed using the gel card technique to assess K, k, Kpa, and Kpb antigens.Results: The prevalence of KEL antigens was as follows: K (n = 9, 6.52%), k (n = 137, 99.28%), Kpa (n = 1, 0.72%), and Kpb (n = 138, 100%). KEL phenotypes observed were K+k+ (n = 8, 5.80%), K+k− (n = 1 0.72%), K−k+ (n = 129, 93.48%), Kp(a+b+) (n = 1, 0.72%), and Kp(a−b+) (n = 137, 99.28%).Conclusion: This study provides insights into the prevalence of KEL blood group antigens and phenotypes in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. These findings may contribute to the establishment of a national blood group database and guide transfusion practices to ensure compatibility and minimize alloimmunization risks.Keywords: Kell blood group, blood transfusion, immunohematology, Saudi Arabia

Abstract Background Postoperative delirium (POD), an acute and variable disturbance in cognitive function, is an intricate and elusive phenomenon that occurs after cardiac surgery. Despite progress in surgical techniques and perioperative management, POD remains a formidable challenge, imposing a significant burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Methods This prospective observational study involved 307 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Data on the occurrence of delirium, clinical parameters, and postoperative characteristics were collected. A multivariate analysis was performed to assess the relationship between POH and POD. Results Sixty-one patients (21%) developed delirium, with an average onset of approximately 5 days postoperatively and a duration of approximately 6 days. On multivariate analysis, POH was significantly associated with POD, and the adjusted odds ratios indicated that patients with POH were more likely to develop delirium (OR, 5.61; p = 0.006). Advanced age (OR, 1.11; p = 0.002), emergency surgery (OR, 8.31; p = 0.001), and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were identified as risk factors of POD. Patients who developed delirium were typically older, more likely to be male, and had higher morbidity rates than those who did not. Conclusion POH is significantly associated with delirium in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery. Surgical complexity and advanced age contribute to the risk of developing POD and poor postoperative outcomes.

Background: Obesity is a global disease; however there is a few documents about obesity, while there is no published data about the association of body mass index (BMI) with lipid profile among Yemeni people. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the association of BMI with lipid profile among teaching staff in the Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Sana'a city, Yemen. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Sana'a, 103 teaching staff aged 21-59 years (49 men and 54 women) were recruited in this study. The weight, height, waist and blood pressure of subjects were measured and BMI was calculated. The plasma lipid profile; Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Informed consent was obtained from each subject. Results: The BMI was positively correlated with TG, waist, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.025;

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The reproductive hormone prolactin is produced primarily by the pituitary gland and in lesser amounts by several other tissues, including breast tissue. Prolactin plays a central role in breast development, differentiation, and lactation, but experimental data suggest that, in addition to having a role in normal development, prolactin may have pro-carcinogenic effects. Aim: The aim of this research is to study the level of prolactin among Yemeni females with breast cancer. Subjects and Methods: Two groups of subjects were included, 60 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of Breast Cancer (group I) and 60 healthy female (group II). For all subjects prolactin (PRL) level was measured by AXSYM System (MEIA) technology. Results and conclusions: Our study showed a significantly increased level of prolactin in breast cancer patients than those of healthy control (P= 0.012), but this elevation remains within normal value (3.4 - 29.12ng/ml). Elevated serum level of PRL (>29.12 ng/ml) was found in 16 of 60 patients (26.7%) and only in 2 subjects (3.33%) in the healthy control group. The results suggest a relation between prolactin level and breast cancer.

Abstract Background Escherichia coli is a major human pathogen responsible for a broad range of clinical illnesses. It has been linked to endemic and epidemic nosocomial diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens in Sudan as well as throughout the globe. Case presentation A 76-year-old African woman arrived at Saad Rashwan Medical Centre complaining of backaches and discomfort during urination. Throughout the preceding 5 years, the patient had recurrent urinary tract infections. Following overnight incubation at 37 °C, Escherichia coli was found in her midstream urine specimen on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar media. Minimum inhibitory concentration (colorimetric/turbidimetric method) was employed to test a wide range of antimicrobial drugs against this bacterial strain, and the results revealed significant multidrug resistance. QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit was used to obtain DNA Template from the purified Escherichia coli (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The bacterial whole-genome sequence was done by Novogene company (Hong Kong) using Illumina HiSeq 2500 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA), followed by whole genome reconstructions, and identification of antibiotic-resistant genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our strain was related to the Escherichia coli DSM30083 ( genome sequence ID: CP033092.2) from the USA. Our strain possessed the following antimicrobial-resistant genes: aminoglycoside (kdpE, baeR, cpxA, aadA5), nitroimidazole (msbA), phosphonic acid (mdtG), tetracycline (emrY), macrolide, penam, tetracycline, (evgA, TolC, H-NS), fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin, glycylcycline, penam, tetracycline, rifamycin, phenicol antibiotic, disinfecting agents and antiseptics (acrB; marA), sulfonamide (sul1), macrolide (Mrx), cephalosporin, penam (CTX-M-15), carbapenem, cephalosporin, and penam (OXA-1). Conclusion This study found that the isolated Escherichia coli strain had varied antimicrobial resistance genes on the basis of whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance analyses. Whole-genome sequencing is critical for control and preventative methods to battle the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. A larger investigation is recommended for improved generalization of results.

Abstract Background Quality sleep is vital for well-being, especially for healthcare workers facing high risks of fatigue and burnout. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive and motor functions, contributing to medical errors. Addressing sleep disorders among healthcare professionals is crucial for enhancing patient care. Tailored interventions are needed to support their well-being and improve healthcare outcomes. Objective To evaluate the effect of Sleep Quality and its Deprivation on Sudanese Healthcare Professionals amidst conflict in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of Sudanese doctors was conducted using convenience sampling. The questionnaire covered sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and psychological well-being. Pilot testing ensured questionnaire clarity. Data collection utilized Google Forms distributed through social media and professional networks. A minimum sample size of 384 was calculated. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and various tests for significance. Data were securely stored and analyzed using SPSS and R software. Results Among 649 participants, 404 (62.2%) were women, with a mean age of 30.34 years. Most were single (434, 66.9%). General practitioners constituted the largest professional group (267, 41.1%), followed by registrars/residents (142, 21.9%). Participants took an average of 43.70 minutes to fall asleep and slept an average of 5.90 hours per night. According to the PSQI, 300 (46.2%) reported mild sleep disturbance, 287 (44.2%) moderate, 42 (6.5%) severe, and only 20 (3.1%) normal sleep. The ESS revealed 285 (43.9%) with lower normal daytime sleepiness, 188 (29.0%) with higher normal, and various levels of excessive daytime sleepiness. Stress levels varied, with 398 (61.3%) reporting normal stress, while anxiety ranged from 248 (38.2%) normal to 148 (22.8%) extremely severe. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of addressing sleep quality, mental health, and performance challenges among Sudanese healthcare professionals. It highlights the need for hospitals to implement measures enabling more time off, adequate sleep, and reduced on-call service days. Healthcare workers must recognize the significance of these factors for their well-being and patient care quality. The research outcomes can raise awareness about the necessity of regulating healthcare practitioners' working hours and ensuring adequate sleep.

Underling the key motivational factors of tourists are very significant in tourism destination marketing. The current study aimed to introduce a new insight in destination management through exploring the main motivational factors behind foreign tourists to visit Saudi. Self administrative questionnaire was distributed among a random sample of tourists visited Saudi. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was applied to analysis the data. The results indicated that five motivational factors influence on behavior intention to visit Saudi. However, the model applied in the study has the potential to be used in similar studies conducted in various destinations worldwide.

Abstract Soil salinity is a significant challenge in agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions such as Pakistan, leading to soil degradation and reduced crop yields. The present study assessed the impact of different salinity levels (0, 25, and 50 mmol NaCl) and biochar treatments (control, wheat-straw biochar, rice-husk biochar, and sawdust biochar applied @ 1% w/w) on the germination and growth performance of wheat. Two experiments: a germination study and a pot experiment (grown up to maturity), were performed. The results showed that NaCl-stress negatively impacted the germination parameters, grain, and straw yield, and agronomic and soil parameters. Biochar treatments restored these parameters compared to control (no biochar), but the effects were inconsistent across NaCl levels. Among the different biochars, wheat-straw biochar performed better than rice-husk and sawdust-derived biochar regarding germination and agronomic parameters. Biochar application notably increased soil pHs and electrical conductivity (ECe). Imposing NaCl stress reduced K concentrations in the wheat shoot and grains with concomitant higher Na concentrations in both parts. Parameters like foliar chlorophyll content (a, b, and total), stomatal and sub-stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were also positively influenced by biochar addition. The study confirmed that biochar, particularly wheat-straw biochar, effectively mitigated the adverse effects of soil salinity, enhancing both soil quality and wheat growth. The study highlighted that biochar application can minimize the negative effects of salinity stress on wheat. Specifically, the types and dosages of biochar have to be optimized for different salinity levels under field conditions.

Abstract Monitoring pathogens has become a major challenge for society and research in recent years. Of great interest are refractive index sensors, which are based on the interaction between analytes and electromagnetic waves and allow label-free and fast detection. In addition, the electromagnetic waves can be exploited for wireless communication. However, current refractive index biosensors can only be read from a few centimeters. Here, we demonstrate an innovative concept of a passive wireless sensor based on a sub-terahertz photonic crystal resonator. The fabricated sensors have a reading range of up to 0.9 m and elevation and azimuth acceptance angles of around 90°. We demonstrate the stand-off detection of sub-µm thin-film proteins as test analytes. The proposed wireless sensor opens the door to a non-electronic, compact, and low-cost solution and can be extended to a wireless sensor network monitoring airborne pathogen, which may provide a pre-infection detection to prevent their spread efficiently.

Abstract Background Retinal artery occlusions lead to sudden, painless vision loss, affecting millions globally. Despite their significance, treatment strategies remain unestablished, contrasting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), where IVT has proven efficacy. Similar to AIS, retinal artery occlusions demand urgent evaluation and treatment, reflecting the principle "time is retina". Even for patients with transient monocular vision loss, also known as amaurosis fugax (AF), pertinent guidelines meanwhile recommend immediate emergency assessment in a specialized facility. However, data on the clinical benefit and comparability with persistent occlusions are missing. This study aimed to compare the results of a comprehensive stroke-workup among patients with persistent retinal artery occlusions (RAO), including both central retinal (CRAO) and branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) and those with AF. Methods Conducted at the University Hospital Giessen, Germany, this exploratory cross-sectional study enrolled patients with transient or permanent unilateral vision loss of non-arteritic origin. The primary outcome were differences between the two groups RAO and AF with regard to cardiovascular risk profiles and comorbidities, vascular and pharmacological interventions and clinical neurological and ophthalmological outcomes. Secondary outcome was a sub-group analysis of patients receiving IVT. Results Out of 166 patients assessed, 76 with RAO and 40 with AF met the inclusion criteria. Both groups exhibited comparable age, gender distribution, and cardiovascular risk profiles. Notably, RAO patients did not show significantly more severe vascular comorbidities than AF patients. However, AF patients received vascular interventions more frequently. Pharmacological intervention rates were similar across groups. RAO patients had slightly worse neurological outcomes, and IVT did not yield favorable ophthalmological outcomes within any observed patients. Conclusion The study found similar vascular burden and risk factors in patients with RAO and AF, with implications for clinical workflows. IVT for RAO may only be effective in very early treatment windows. This emphasizes the need for public awareness and collaborative protocols between ophthalmologists and neurologists to improve outcomes.

Among the pharmacological agents employed in cancer therapy, doxorubicin holds a prominent place due to its widespread use and potent cytotoxic effects and doxorubicin offers considerable promise in combating cancer, its administration requires careful consideration of the delicate balance between therapeutic benefit and potential harm, highlighting the intricate landscape of cancer treatment. Molecular dynamics simulation was used in this research to evaluate the effect of pH on the transfer and release kinetics of doxorubicin via carbon nanotubes within the capillary network surrounding cancer tumors. Upon examination of the acquired data, it became evident that following a duration of 10 ns, the temperature of the scrutinized structure stabilized at 310 K. Additionally, the analysis revealed that over the same period, the potential energy of examined structure reached a convergence point of 5.68 kcal/mol. Moreover, as the pH level increased from 3 to 11, a notable reduction in the maximum velocity of particle motion was detected, diminishing from 0.0028 to 0.0021 Å/fs. This elevation in pH led to a decline in the interaction between the vessel and solute, decreasing from 0.57 to 0.42 kcal/mol. Similarly, the interaction between the vessel and tumor experienced a decline, escalating from 6.95 to 6.05 kcal/mol with the pH increased from 3 to 11. Lastly, the pH elevation resulted in a marked reduction in the rate of drug release, decreasing from 84 to 46 %. This work concluded that MD simulations greatly enhanced the progress of pH-responsive CNT-based drug delivery systems. By offering comprehensive understanding of their behavior in acidic tumor environments, these simulations optimized these systems for targeted cancer treatment.

In the past decade, significant advancements have been made in mathematical spectral approaches for estimating binary and ternary drug combinations in raw materials and dosage forms. These approaches established on mathematical spectral manipulations of mixture analytes, without the need for separation techniques.The idea of using mathematical spectral approaches in fluorescence spectroscopy was resolving analytical issues and reach to biological concentrations thus, Ratio subtraction (RD) and ratio subtraction coupled with constant multiplication (RS-CM) have been proposed in fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate the content uniformity of Flunarizine dihydrochloride (FLZ) and Propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) combination in raw materials, tablets, and spiked biological fluids (blood-urine). These approaches have demonstrated the ability to overcome the quantitative analytical challenges posed by the high native fluorescence intensity of the major component (PRO) at λex = 286/λem = 341 nm and the low native fluorescence intensity of the minor component (FLZ) at λex = 254/λem = 311 nm. The linearity range for (PRO) was found to be 25–500 ng/mL, and for (FLZ), it was 50–500 ng/mL. However, the spectrum addition technique was required to estimate (FLZ) in mixtures with concentrations less than 300 ng/mL.The overall validity of the proposed approaches was confirmed through adherence to ICH guidelines, and no statistical variation was observed in comparison to official studies. Additionally, the greenness and whiteness of the proposed approaches were evaluated using the Analytical greenness metric (AGREE), Green Solvents Selecting Tool (GSST), and Red-Green-Blue (RGB) algorithm.

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a global cause of chronic liver disease. The prevalence of MASLD is high in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various non-invasive tools such as the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), liver ultrasound, and FibroScan can aid in the detection of liver fibrosis in MASLD, while the Hamaguchi ultrasound-based liver grading system has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity comparable to liver biopsy.ObjectiveWe assessed the frequency of MASLD in patients with T2DM using the liver ultrasound Hamaguchi score and the accuracy of NFS and Fib-4 in identifying MASLD.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively collected data and reviewed the charts of all patients with T2DM who underwent liver ultrasound and laboratory tests during the past 5 years.ResultsA total of 6,214 medical records were screened, and only 153 patients (68.6% women; mean age, 59 ± 12.2 years) fulfilled the selection criteria. MASLD was diagnosed using the Hamaguchi grading criteria in 45.1% of patients. A high/intermediate NFS had a higher sensitivity (79.7%) for diagnosing MASLD with a specificity of 10.7%, while a high/intermediate Fib-4 score showed only 30.4% sensitivity but a higher specificity of 54.8%.ConclusionOur study indicates that MASLD is frequent in patients with T2DM, and clinical prediction tools such as NFS and Fib-4 can be applied in clinic/primary care settings with variable results.

Dans une démarche thématique et une étude analytique, l’article traite la figure du poète Stéphane Mallarmé dans ses écrits par les notions de la dépersonnalisation et du dédoublement. D’une part, cet article interprète le conflit entre le soi et la société banale et bourgeoise. D’autre part, il aborde un choix de figures poétiques qui régénèrent l’identité mallarméenne dans un symbolisme contemporain. Pour cette portée, l’article se réfère enfin à une œuvre mallarméenne: « Poésies ».

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحضير حثيرات باستخدام تقنيتي التحثير الرطب والتحثير بالانصهار ثم مقارنة تأثير اختلاف تقنية التحثير على معدل تحرر ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم المادة الفعالة النموذج لمعرفة فيما إذا كان بالإمكان استخدام التحثير بالانصهار كتقنية بديلة للتخلص من مشاكل التحثير الرطب. حضرت عدة صيغ من حثيرات ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم باستخدام حمض الشمع كسواغ لتعديل التحرر وذلك بنسب مختلفة (3:1,5:1 ، دواء: حمض شمع) باستخدام التحثير الرطب والتحثير بالانصهار. قيمت الخصائص المختلفة للحثيرات من انسيابية وتحديد محتوى وتوزع أبعاد ورطوبة، ثم تمت دراسة تأثير تقنية التحثير وكمية حمض الشمع على معدل تحرر ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم. أظهرت النتائج أن التحثير بالانصهار قام بتأخير التحرر بفارق هام احصائياّ مقارنة بالتحثير الرطب، أيضا تبين أنه عند زيادة كمية حمض الشمع قلت الكمية المتحررة من ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم في كلا التقنيتين.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحضير حثيرات باستخدام تقنيتي التحثير الرطب والتحثير بالانصهار ثم مقارنة تأثير اختلاف تقنية التحثير على معدل تحرر ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم المادة الفعالة النموذج لمعرفة فيما إذا كان بالإمكان استخدام التحثير بالانصهار كتقنية بديلة للتخلص من مشاكل التحثير الرطب. حضرت عدة صيغ من حثيرات ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم باستخدام حمض الشمع كسواغ لتعديل التحرر وذلك بنسب مختلفة (3:1,5:1 ، دواء: حمض شمع) باستخدام التحثير الرطب والتحثير بالانصهار. قيمت الخصائص المختلفة للحثيرات من انسيابية وتحديد محتوى وتوزع أبعاد ورطوبة، ثم تمت دراسة تأثير تقنية التحثير وكمية حمض الشمع على معدل تحرر ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم. أظهرت النتائج أن التحثير بالانصهار قام بتأخير التحرر بفارق هام احصائياّ مقارنة بالتحثير الرطب، أيضا تبين أنه عند زيادة كمية حمض الشمع قلت الكمية المتحررة من ديكلوفيناك الصوديوم في كلا التقنيتين.

To investigate the effect of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) biopreparation on ameliorating coastal saline soil, three treatments were established: soil salt washed treatment (CK), soil salt washed with added γ-PGA (PGA), soil salt washed with added γ-PGA biopreparation (PGAB). This study determined the effects of γ-PGA on coastal saline soil by analyzing soil aggregate, soil evaporation, soil vertical water and salt distribution, and soil cation content, soil pH, soil nutrient content and soil microorganism quantity. Results showed that γ-PGA had an ameliorative effect on saline soil, with the PGAB treatment exhibiting the most pronounced ameliorative effect compared to CK. Adding PGAB reduced soil evaporation by 30.45 %, soil salt content by 27.91 %, meanwhile increasing plant height by 33.86 %, plant fresh weight by 98.54 %, soil aggregate diameter by 6.68 times, soil water content by 26.47 % (P

IntroductionSalinity negatively affects maize productivity. However, calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) could improve soil properties and maize productivity.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the effects of CLS application on soil chemical properties, plant physiology and grain quality of maize under salinity stress. Thus, this experiment was conducted using three CLS application rates, CLS0, CLS5, and CLS10, corresponding to 0%, 5%, and 10% of soil mass, for three irrigation water salinity (WS) levels WS0.5, WS2.5, and WS5.5 corresponding to 0.5 and 2.5 and 5.5 dS/m, respectively.Results and discussionResults show that the WS0.5 × CLS10 combination increased potassium (K 0.167 g/kg), and calcium (Ca, 0.39 g/kg) values while reducing the sodium (Na, 0.23 g/kg) content in soil. However, the treatment WS5.5 × CLS0 decreased K (0.120 g/kg), and Ca (0.15 g/kg) values while increasing Na (0.75 g/kg) content in soil. The root activity was larger in WS0.5 × CLS10 than in WS5.5 × CLS0, as the former combination enlarged K and Ca contents in the root while the latter decreased their values. The leaf glutamine synthetase (953.9 µmol/(g.h)) and nitrate reductase (40.39 µg/(g.h)) were higher in WS0.5 × CLS10 than in WS5.5 × CLS0 at 573.4 µmol/(g.h) and 20.76 µg/(g.h), leading to the improvement in cell progression cycle, as revealed by lower malonaldehyde level (6.57 µmol/g). The K and Ca contents in the leaf (881, 278 mg/plant), stem (1314, 731 mg/plant), and grains (1330, 1117 mg/plant) were greater in WS0.5 × CLS10 than in WS5.5 × CLS0 at (146, 21 mg/plant), (201, 159 mg/plant) and (206, 157 mg/plant), respectively. Therefore, the maize was more resistance to salt stress under the CLS10 level, as a 7.34% decline in yield was noticed when salinity surpassed the threshold value (5.96 dS/m). The protein (13.6 %) and starch (89.2 %) contents were greater in WS0.5 × CLS10 than in WS5.5 × CLS0 (6.1 %) and (67.0 %), respectively. This study reveals that CLS addition can alleviate the adverse impacts of salinity on soil quality and maize productivity. Thus, CLS application could be used as an effective soil amendment when irrigating with saline water for sustainable maize production.

Maize is an economically vital cereal crop. However, water deficiency can severely impact its productivity. Thus, it is necessary to implement an essential approach to increase maize yield while navigating the limitations imposed by scarce water supplies. The present study aimed to investigate whether foliar applications of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) could mitigate the adverse effects of water deficiency and improve maize growth and yield. Field experiments were conducted in Egypt during two growing seasons (2021–2022) under three irrigation regimes: full irrigation (ET0), moderate stress (ET1), and severe stress (ET2). The treatments comprised foliar sprays of Si, Zn, Si + Zn, and water control. Phenological, growth, physiological, chemical, and yield-related traits were assessed. Results showed that adequate irrigation (ET0) enhanced most parameters compared to water stress treatments. Under ET0, the combined silicon and zinc treatment resulted in the highest values for plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, grains per ear, kernel weight, ear size, and yield compared to other foliar treatments. Under drought stress (ET1, ET2), Si + Zn applications maintained superiority in mitigating yield losses. Proline accumulation was highest under severe stress (ET2) in the absence of foliar sprays, indicating greater drought impacts. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations of grain yield with ear size, leaf area, kernel weight, and biological yield. Cluster analysis separated irrigation regimes and visualized the consistently beneficial effects of Si + Zn across all water levels. Overall, the results demonstrate the synergistic potential of Si and Zn supplementation to sustain maize performance and yields under varying water availability.

The current research paper aims to critically study translating Ayahs Aleudul العدول in the Quranic contexts from an interdisciplinary jurisprudential linguistic perspective. The findings of the study showed that Aleudul العدول in the Qur'anic context is a phenomenon that reoccurs in many ayahs. The researcher selected one of the many: the Quranic Arabic Aleudul العدول in Ayah 33 of Surat al-Ahzab to explain the phenomenon and discuss it in detail. The study also showed that the Quranic Arabic Aleudul العدول came in the Qur'anic context to reveal the importance of the meaning to be explained in the context to which it is assigned. The foremost of the problems encountered by translators of the Holy Quran was the dearth of most exegesis relating to this recurring phenomenon in the Holy Qur'an. This is because exegesis is founded on the segmentation of the ayahs rather than a single ayah to determine their denotations and memorize the rulings from them only once.

Abstract Background The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a pooled prevalence estimate of self-reported disordered eating (SRDE) in athletes based on the available literature, and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. Methods Across ten academic databases, an electronic search was conducted from inception to 7th January 2024. The proportion of athletes scoring at or above predetermined cutoffs on validated self-reporting screening measures was used to identify disordered eating (DE). Subgroup analysis per country, per culture, and per research measure were also conducted. Age, body mass index (BMI), and sex were considered as associated/correlated factors. Results The mean prevalence of SRDE among 70,957 athletes in 177 studies (132 publications) was 19.23% (17.04%; 21.62%), I 2 = 97.4%, τ2 = 0.8990, Cochran's Q p value = 0. Australia had the highest percentage of SRDE athletes with a mean of 57.1% (36.0%-75.8%), while Iceland had the lowest, with a mean of 4.9% (1.2%-17.7%). The SRDE prevalence in Eastern countries was higher than in Western countries with 29.1% versus 18.5%. Anaerobic sports had almost double the prevalence of SRDE 37.9% (27.0%-50.2%) compared to aerobic sports 19.6% (15.2%-25%). Gymnastics sports had the highest SRDE prevalence rate, with 41.5% (30.4%-53.6%) while outdoor sports showed the lowest at 15.4% (11.6%-20.2%). Among various tools used to assess SRDE, the three-factor eating questionnaire yielded the highest SRDE rate 73.0% (60.1%-82.8%). Meta-regression analyses showed that female sex, older age, and higher BMI (all p

The current study aims to establish that emojis are graphic equivalents for prosodic features in natural speech. The rapid emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of communication urged to investigate emojis, used as a strategy to achieve visual prosody in computer-mediated communication (CMC). The study adopts mixed- methodology and computer-mediated-discourse analysis (CMDA) that focuses on manipulation of grammatical rules to create typographic impression to achieve prosody. Data is collected from 300 WhatsApp and Facebook users using an instrument—questionnaire. Data has been analyzed in two ways: descriptive analysis of chats and quantitative analysis getting frequencies of the emojis. The study arguably provides: (i) syntactic variants of the use of emojis: emoji aspect, ellipsis, embedding, embedded, bare, partial bare, beside words, repetition of emoji and repetition of emoji encoded utterance, (ii) variant manifestations of emojis displaying emotions at scalar level, and (iii) basic emotions: anger, joy, sarcasm, fear and neutral displayed via emojis’ varying manifestations; laughter, pouting face, non-emotion emojis representing objects and human faces. The overall findings predict that the observed construction is encoded with different placements of emojis and emojis are displaying diverse manifestations to exhibit prosodic features in CMC such as intonation, rhythm, duration, pause and stress. These prosodic features of emojis manifest aggression, love, hate, sadness and joy. The study hopes to augment the knowledge in the field of CMC and motivates the future researchers to conduct further studies in graphic switching and social implementation of CMC.

IntroductionJordan suffers from agricultural land degradation, water scarcity, increasing in population, and the huge gap between production and consumption. Boosting of food production to meet the demand is one of the solutions. Biofertilizers are substances include beneficial microorganisms (e.g., bacteria) that are important in agricultural soil to improve yield through different mechanisms. The aim of this experiment is to study the impact of using locally produced-microorganisms along with chemical fertilizers to improve the yield of cucumber planting.MethodsThe experiment was carried out in a greenhouse equipped with all requirements for planting. The planting process of cucumber seedling was implemented using pots filled with soil collected from an agricultural land in the Jordan Valley, and mixed with manure, and categorized in three plots. Mixture of three types of microorganisms (STIMULANT A and B, and PHYTO-EM) along with chemical fertilizers were applied to the soil in some pots. Plants growth and agricultural parameters were observed. Data about crop yield, water consumption, leaf area, and chlorophyll were collected. Lab analysis of soil characteristics was also done to assess the impact of the products on soil.ResultsThe results showed that the yield production was the maximum in the plot of combining the benefits of biological and the chemical fertilizers compared to the control plot by 48%. The same plot showed water saving with 32.4% over the control plot. The bacterial biofertilizers enhanced the seedling growth all the time during the experiment by 14% more than the plants in the control plot. The average leaves area in plot with bio-products was 22.6% bigger than the control plot. In addition, the chlorophyll test indicated that the chlorophyll content was more in plot with biofertilizers. According to the soil analysis, the presence of bacterial biofertilizers enhanced the plant’s absorption of nutrients, and accordingly the EC decreased in the soil.DiscussionThe results of the experiment showed superiority of plot using the bacterial biofertilizers along with the chemical fertilizer, over the plots either using the chemical fertilizers alone or the bacterial biofertilizers alone. This can be attributed to the addition of bacterial biofertilizers with the chemical fertilizers in appropriate conditions. Our findings highlight the potential for bacterial biofertilizers to significantly improve crop yields and resource efficiency, contributing to food system transformation. This aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), by offering sustainable agricultural solutions.

Aims Adapting to academic and social demands may be challenging for university students. Healthcare students are thought to be at high risk of burnout and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) due to the demands of their training and emotional toll of caring for patients. This risk extends well into physician years, suggesting the persistence of an abnormal psychological state developed during training years. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms, burnout, and resilience in healthcare students, examine their correlation with salivary cortisol levels, and assess how these factors change during examination periods. Methods This longitudinal study investigated the mental health and salivary cortisol levels of medical, dental, or health science students in the UAE at two distinct periods, at the start of the academic semester, and within one week of the examination period. A total of 147 students (51% females) were included, and their demographics and education variables, including cumulative GPA (cGPA), were assessed. Depression, resilience, and burnout scores were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Nicholson-McBride Resilience questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student-Survey, respectively. Participants who met the criteria for MDD were identified. Time-dependent cortisol levels were modelled using functional data analysis and standardised cortisol levels were calculated. Data analysis was done using mixed effect models in R 4.1.2. Results Among participants, 12.2% screened positive for MDD at the beginning of the semester, increasing to 16.6% during the examination period. Depression scores were higher during the examination period (p = 0.011). Female gender was significantly associated with higher levels of depression (median difference = 3.00; p < 0.001) and burnout but lower levels of resilience (mean difference = 3.27; p < 0.001). cGPA below 75% (p = 0.009) and history of mental illness (p = 0.015) were associated with increased levels of depression. High cortisol responders (z-value > 1) developed higher depression scores (p = 0.033) compared with low cortisol responders (z-value < −1). Participants with higher resilience were less likely to develop depression and burnout (p < 0.003). Conclusion This study shows relatively high levels of depression among healthcare students in the UAE, particularly in females, students with history of mental illness, students with low cGPA, and students with high cortisol levels. Efforts to promote culturally appropriate resilience skills need to be developed to reduce distress and depression in this population.

Aims Nomophobia, defined as the fear of being without one's mobile phone, and FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) are on the rise and are thought to be linked to increased mental health problems. In the information era, being separated from smartphones may cause anxiety, while the expectation of continuous updates on social media may increase feelings of inadequacy and distress when comparing one's life with selected highlights of others. The extent of nomophobia and FOMO in the Middle East and whether these experiences are associated with psychiatric disorders are yet to be ascertained. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nomophobia and FOMO among university students in the UAE and the relationship between these phenomena and depression, anxiety and stress levels. Methods 232 female and 103 male undergraduate students in four Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, and Ajman) took part in the study. An online questionnaire was developed and piloted. Nomophobia and FOMO were measured using validated questionnaires, namely NMP-Q and FoMOs. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using the DASS-21 scale. Data were analysed using SPSS 22. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results The data revealed that 28.6% of respondents exhibited severe, 47.7% moderate, and 23.7% mild nomophobia symptoms. 52.5% of participants reported moderate to extreme fear that others have more rewarding experiences than them, with the median FoMO score being (25.62). Higher nomophobia, stress, anxiety, and depression levels correlated with elevated FOMO scores (p < 0.001). Variations in FOMO scores were noted across university, gender, and college. Strong associations existed between severe nomophobia and heightened stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.001). The findings underscored contextual influences on nomophobia intensity among diverse individuals. Conclusion The study identified a high prevalence of nomophobia and FOMO among UAE university students. Significant correlations were observed between these digital-related fears and mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and stress. Our results delineate the necessity for exploring and implementing interventions that address smartphone-related phobias to safeguard the mental well-being of UAE university students, considering their unique cultural context.

Incorporating distributed renewable energy sources into heating, power, and cooling systems is facilitating the drive toward intelligent building energy solutions. However, the inherent uncertainties associated with controllable renewable resources pose challenges for the thermo-economic scheduling of smart buildings. Nonetheless, the flexibility inherent in smart buildings can be leveraged through various market mechanisms. Hence, this research introduces a sustainable energy-building system driven by an autonomous solar/dish Stirling engine (SDSE) and wind turbine combined with a sophisticated control strategy and battery storage, which is designed to provide heat and power requirements. The proposed control strategy is also devised to optimize energy generation, ensuring prudent conservation and minimal waste, thereby amplifying overall efficiency and financial viability. The meticulous design of the system is accomplished through advanced MATLAB/Simulink® modeling. A thorough technical sensitivity analysis meticulously hones design parameters, revealing optimal operational thresholds. Simulation outcomes unveil a consistent Stirling engine (SE) efficiency, achieving a pinnacle of 35 %, while the SDSE attains over 28 %, respectively. The horizontal axis wind turbine, encompassing 100 kW and 500 kW modules, demonstrates power coefficients spanning from 0.18 to 0.09, with corresponding land area requirements ranging from 4.22 m2 to 21.10 m2, emphasizing the pivotal roles of module power and land area optimization. This paper also casts a spotlight on the environmental repercussions of the system, illustrating its potential to avert up to 30,000 kg of CO2 emissions per kWh/year. Moreover, the levelized cost of electricity ranges from 0.13 to 0.16 $/kWh, accompanied by an hourly cost that fluctuates between 3 $/h and 40 $/h, respectively. Conclusively, the developed modeling can be regarded as a significant stride in the realm of hybrid renewable energy systems, replacing the conventional photovoltaic/wind models with cutting-edge solar/wind configurations managed by a sophisticated control strategy and battery storage system.

Mycetoma is a serious, destructive, disfiguring chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease affecting the subcutaneous tissues that spread to involve the skin, deep tissues and bone. The disease predominately affects the limbs, and extrapedal mycetoma is rarely reported. The reported extrapedal ones are characterised by high morbidity and mortality. This communication reports on 420 patients with extrapedal mycetoma seen and managed at the Mycetoma Research Centre (MRC), University of Khartoum, between January 1991 and December 2021. In this descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study, the electronic records of all mycetoma-confirmed patients seen during the study period were carefully and meticulously reviewed. The confirmed patients with extrapedal mycetoma were included in this study. The study included 420 patients with extrapedal mycetoma, 298 (70.7%) had eumycetoma, and 122 (29.3%) had actinomycetoma. There were 343 male patients (81.7%) and 77 (18.3%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. Their ages ranged between 1.5 and 95 years, with a median of 28 years. Most of the patients were students and farmers. The majority of patients were from El Gezira, North Kordofan, and the White Nile States. Mycetoma was painful in 21%, and a family history of mycetoma was recorded in 11.5% of patients. The buttocks (37.9%) and head and neck (16.9%) were affected most. Less frequently affected sites were the trunk and back (12%) each, abdominal and chest walls (4.5%) each and loin (1%). The prominent clinical presentation findings were multiple sinuses discharging grains (55%), massive swellings (46%), and lymphadenopathy (11.5%). Less commonly observed clinical findings were local hyperhidrosis (5.3%) and dilated tortuous veins close to mycetoma lesions (0.5%). The study showed that 204 patients (48.6%) had clinical improvement in terms of decreased lesion size and healing of sinuses following medical therapy. Sixty-six patients (15.7%) had no noticeable improvement. The lesion continued progressing despite treatment in 44 patients (10.5%). In the study, 118 patients were on regular follow-up, and in this group, a cure was documented in 25 patients (21.1%) with eumycetoma and 23 (19.4%) with actinomycetoma. Post-operative recurrence among eumycetoma patients was 40%, with a 1% mortality rate. The treatment outcome was unsatisfactory, characterised by a low cure rate, high recurrence (40%) and follow-up dropout (57%) rates. This emphasises the importance of early case detection and management, objective health education programmes and thorough patient counselling to urge people to seek treatment early and reduce dropouts.

Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes due to Hodgkin lymphoma present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from generalized pruritus to exfoliative erythroderma. We summarize the clinical findings and outcomes of 14 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and associated cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes treated at Mayo Clinic over the past 3 decades. Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes may be present at the time of lymphoma diagnosis, whereas in other patients, it may appear at the time of relapse, including patients with initial absence of cutaneous manifestations during the initial lymphoma presentation. Our results indicate that complete resolution of the paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with significantly improved overall survival. Recognition of cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes is a crucial surrogate of relapsed malignancy and treatment requires targeting the underlying malignancy.

The Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) is a vital index for evaluating crop nutritional status and serves as an essential parameter characterizing the reproductive growth status of winter wheat. Non-destructive and accurate monitorin3g of winter wheat SPAD plays a crucial role in guiding precise management of crop nutrition. In recent years, the spectral saturation problem occurring in the later stage of crop growth has become a major factor restricting the accuracy of SPAD estimation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use features selection strategy to optimize sensitive remote sensing information, combined with features fusion strategy to integrate multiple characteristic features, in order to improve the accuracy of estimating wheat SPAD. This study conducted field experiments of winter wheat with different varieties and nitrogen treatments, utilized UAV multispectral sensors to obtain canopy images of winter wheat during the heading, flowering, and late filling stages, extracted spectral features and texture features from multispectral images, and employed features selection strategy (Boruta and Recursive Feature Elimination) to prioritize sensitive remote sensing features. The features fusion strategy and the Support Vector Machine Regression algorithm are applied to construct the SPAD estimation model for winter wheat. The results showed that the spectral features of NIR band combined with other bands can fully capture the spectral differences of winter wheat SPAD during the reproductive growth stage, and texture features of the red and NIR band are more sensitive to SPAD. During the heading, flowering, and late filling stages, the stability and estimation accuracy of the SPAD model constructed using both features selection strategy and features fusion strategy are superior to models using only a single feature strategy or no strategy. The enhancement of model accuracy by this method becomes more significant, with the greatest improvement observed during the late filling stage, with R2 increasing by 0.092-0.202, root mean squared error (RMSE) decreasing by 0.076-4.916, and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) increasing by 0.237-0.960. In conclusion, this method has excellent application potential in estimating SPAD during the later stages of crop growth, providing theoretical basis and technical support for precision nutrient management of field crops.

An intrusion attack on the Internet of Things (IoT) is any malicious activity or unauthorized access that jeopardizes the integrity and security of IoT systems, networks, or devices. Regarding IoT, intrusions can result in severe problems, including service disruption, data theft, privacy violations, and even bodily injury. One of the intrusion attacks is a keylogging attack, sometimes referred to as keystroke logging or keyboard capture, which is a type of cyberattack in which the attacker secretly observes and records keystrokes made on a device’s keyboard. In the context of IoT, where connected objects communicate and exchange data, this assault may be especially concerning. Keylogging attacks can have severe repercussions in the IoT ecosystem since they can compromise sensitive information, including login passwords, personal information, financial information, or confidential communications. This paper explored the possibility of using an ensemble classifier to detect keylogging attacks in IoT networks. We built an ensemble classifier consisting of three classifiers: a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), and a long-short memory network (LSTM). A proposed model uses the BoT-IoT dataset to detect a keylogging attack. Results show that the ensemble model can improve the model’s performance. The ensemble model had excellent accuracy and a low false positive rate. It also had significantly improved detection rates for keylogging attacks than other classifiers.

Osama Mosalem,1 Tanmayi Pai,1 Mohammed Alqawasma,2 Marwan Shaikh,1 K David Li,3 Muhamad Alhaj Moustafa1 1Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; 3Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USACorrespondence: Tanmayi Pai, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, USA, Tel +1 904 953 2000, Email pai.tanmayi@mayo.eduAbstract: Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and nivolumab are increasingly utilized as a novel regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). A 26-year-old male presented to the hospital with refractory diabetic ketoacidosis and multiple electrolyte abnormalities, 9 days after the first dose of brentuximab vedotin and nivolumab for recurrent classical Hodgkin lymphoma. During his hospitalization, he developed multi-organ failure. His workup showed elevated cytokine levels concerning severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)-like syndrome. Despite treatment with CRS- and HLH-directed therapies, his clinical status deteriorated due to ongoing multifactorial shock and worsening multi-organ dysfunction, and comfort care measures were eventually pursued. To our knowledge, there have been no other cases reported of HLH-like syndrome after the combination of BV and nivolumab in patients with cHL. This case of a fatal adverse event following one dose of BV and nivolumab underscores the vital need for close monitoring of patients receiving this treatment regimen.Keywords: immunotherapy, immune-related adverse event, antibody drug conjugate, CRS

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications have been deployed in many countries with the following features: wireless networks at 20 Gbps as peak data rate, a latency of 1-ms, reliability of 99.999%, maximum mobility of 500 km/h, a bandwidth of 1-GHz, and a capacity of 106 up to Mbps/m2. Nonetheless, the rapid growth of applications, such as extended/virtual reality (XR/VR), online gaming, telemedicine, cloud computing, smart cities, the Internet of Everything (IoE), and others, demand lower latency, higher data rates, ubiquitous coverage, and better reliability. These higher requirements are the main problems that have challenged 5G while concurrently encouraging researchers and practitioners to introduce viable solutions. In this review paper, the sixth-generation (6G) technology could solve the 5G limitations, achieve higher requirements, and support future applications. The integration of multiple access techniques, terahertz (THz), visible light communications (VLC), ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output ( $\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ -MIMO), hybrid networks, cell-free massive MIMO, and artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) have been proposed for 6G. The main contributions of this paper are a comprehensive review of the 6G vision, KPIs (key performance indicators), and advanced potential technologies proposed with operation principles. Besides, this paper reviewed multiple access and modulation techniques, concentrating on Filter-Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) as a potential technology for 6G. This paper ends by discussing potential applications with challenges and lessons identified from prior studies to pave the path for future research.

هدفت هذه الدراسةُ إلى الكشفِ عن الدور الذي تؤديه المتغيراتُ النفسيةُ في انتشار الأيديولوجيات المتطرفة بين طلاب الجامعات، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم استخدام النمذجة بالمعادلات البنائية في بناء نموذج نظري افتراضي للعَلاقة بين التلوث النفسي والتطرف الفكري وقلق المستقبل، وتطبيق مقاييس التلوث النفسي من إعداد رمضان والجباري (2015)، وقلق المستقبل من إعداد شقير (2005)، والتطرف الفكري من إعداد الدوسري وحراحشة (2021)، على (421) من طلبة جامعة جدة خلال العام الجامعي (2022- 2023م)، وأظهرت النتائج تمتع النموذج الافتراضي المقترح بدرجة مناسبة من الصدق والثبات، ووجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التطرف الفكري والتلوث النفسي، وبين التطرف الفكري وقلق المستقبل، وكذلك كانت العَلاقة بين قلق المستقبل والتلوث النفسي دالة إحصائيًّا، وخلصت الدراسة إلى أهمية إجراء مزيد من الأبحاث على متغيرات نفسية أخرى قد يكون لها دور في انتشار التطرف الفكري.

Imageology is a branch of comparative literature that studies how one's culture is portrayed in the culture and literature of another. The images that belletrists of a nation present as a result of communicating with the people of another nation can represent the attitude of their people towards another nation. Jahiz, known as the father of Arab writers in the Abbasid era, presented numerous images of different nations in his writings, with a deep attitude and vast knowledge gained from the sciences of his time and before. Iranians, with a large population in Jahiz's era and living environment (Basra), are among the nations that Jahiz knew well, as well as their history and culture. Therefore, in his various and numerous writings, he describes some of Iranian characteristics according to the context. In his book, "Al-Taj fi Akhlaq al-Muluk", Jahiz brings in different political, cultural, and social aspects of ancient Iranians. In this research, we classified different images of ancient Iran in this book of Jahiz, based on imagology, and analyzed the reasons for Jahiz's attitude towards Iranians. The results show that Jahiz values the ancient Iranian civilization and the sultans of this land, and by presenting images of the ancient Iranian civilization to the Abbasid rulers, he tries to encourage them to imitate the behavior and performance of the Iranian kings in political, cultural, and social issues.

Abstract Background Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is highly effective in acute stroke patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO), however, presence of concomitant cervical occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) may limit the endovascular access. This study describes feasibility and efficacy of a surgical carotid access (cutdown) to perform interdisciplinary recanalization therapy including carotid endarterectomy (CEA) followed by EVT for recanalization of intracranial LVO in stroke patients with tandem occlusions. Methods We identified stroke patients with tandem occlusions who underwent a combined surgical-endovascular approach over a 5-year period. Surgical cutdown was provided by a cardiovascular surgery team at the angio-suite followed by EVT performed by the neuroradiological team. Demographics, stroke characteristics, treatments including antithrombotic management, procedure times, and clinical follow-up were assessed. Results Four patients with acute stroke because of tandem occlusions received CEA followed by EVT (two patients after frustrating femoral catheterization, two as first-line approach). Successful recanalization (TICI ≥ 2b) via endovascular thrombectomy was achieved in all patients at a median of 28 min after successful surgical CEA. Intraprocedural complication was observed in one case (25%; i.e. ICA dissection). Conclusions This small study provides evidence that a combined interdisciplinary approach of CEA followed by EVT in the angio-suite in acute stroke patients with tandem occlusions is a feasible procedure in patients otherwise not accessible to endovascular recanalizing therapy and, therefore, high likelihood of developing large hemispheric infarction. Prospective data are warranted to identify patients who benefit from this combined approach as first-line therapy.

Panicum maximum is planted extensively in tropical and subtropical areas, due to its high-quality forage and high biomass yield. This study aims to assess the varied metabolic dynamics of P. maximum subject to different pollution-related wastewater levels, thus providing information for sustainable agriculture and soil restoration. We analyzed the primary and secondary metabolites in P. maximum subject to two different types of polluted wastewater (WW), compared to a control group. The alterations observed in the metabolite profiles were affected by several factors, including nutrient imbalances and oxidative stress induced by heavy metal accumulation. Initially, the increased nutrient availability stemming from wastewater treatment promoted plant growth; however, this positive effect was later diminished by the adverse impacts of heavy metals, which generated oxidative stress, resulting in metabolic disturbances and a decrease in the plant biomass. Importantly, the substantial increase in antioxidant enzymes, related to primary (e.g., sugars) and secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolics and flavonoids), underscores plants’ adaptive strategies to cope with stress. The increased biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenolic compounds is a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, which also improves the antimicrobial activity, following the activation of key biosynthetic pathways involved in their synthesis. These complex interactions among diverse metabolites suggest that plants exposed to polluted wastewater use various biochemical strategies to increase both their survival and defenses against pathogens. Collectively, these findings emphasize the significance of understanding how wastewater management practices can affect plant health, metabolic responses, and the broader implications for food safety and ecosystem stability.

The bioavailability of heavy metals in soil is a crucial factor in determining their potential uptake by plants and their subsequent entry into the food chain. Various methods, including traditional chemical extractants and the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, are employed to assess this bioavailability. The bioavailability of heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), is also influenced by soil texture and their concentrations in the soil solution. The primary objectives of this experiment were to compare and correlate the assessment of the Cd and Pb bioavailability using the DGT technique and traditional extractants across two soil textural classes: sandy clay loam (SCL) and clay loam (CL) at two contamination levels: aged contaminated (NC) and artificially contaminated (AC). The specific objectives included assessing the bioavailability of Cd and Pb at different growth stages of the wheat plant and correlating the DGT-based bioassessments of Cd and Pb with their concentrations in various plant parts at different growth stages. This study also compared the effectiveness of the DGT method and traditional extraction techniques in assessing the bioavailable fractions of Cd and Pb in soil. The regression analysis demonstrated strong positive correlations between the DGT method and various extraction methods. The results showed that the wheat plants grown in the AC soils exhibited lower root, shoot, and grain weights compared to those grown in the NC soils, indicating that metal contamination negatively impacts plant performance. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the wheat tissues varied across different growth stages, with the highest levels observed during the grain filling (S3) and maturity (S4) stages. It is concluded that the in situ assessment of Cd and Pb though DGT was strongly and positively correlated with the Cd and Pb concentration in wheat plant parts at the maturity stage. A correlation and regression analysis of the DGT assessment and traditional extractants showed that the DGT method provides a reliable tool for assessing the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soils and helped in developing sustainable soil management strategies to ensure the safety of agricultural products for human consumption.

In today’s world, high-quality translated tourism promotional materials (TPMs) play a leading role in developing business sectors in general and the tourism sector in particular because TPMs are the most often used forms of media targeting actual tourists and other audiences. This study explored the perceptions of novice and experienced translators about the role of high-quality translated TPMs in promoting the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia. Fifty novice and experienced translators in Saudi Arabia participated in this study. Data gathering comprised quantitative data. The findings of the study revealed that a lot of participants (57.00%) had positive perceptions toward the role played by high-quality translated TPMs in promoting the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia. The findings also demonstrated that many of the respondents (60.85%) perceive that the main challenge in the translation of TPMs is culture-specific items that may be comparatively prevalent to the native population but unfamiliar to people outside that certain community.

Objectives: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by insufficient production of insulin. Many studies have linked type 1 diabetes mellitus to vitamin D 3 deficiency. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Sudanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and assessed the impact of vitamin D deficiency treatment on their glycemic control. Methods: In 2019–2022, we conducted a quasi-experimental study on 115 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1–19 years old) at the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Center. Vitamin D supplements were given orally to deficient patients for 3 months. The concentrations of hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, insulin dosage, and vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) were measured before and after vitamin D3 administration. One-way ANOVA and paired sample t- tests were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation. Results: Only 27% of type 1 diabetes mellitus children were deficient in vitamin D, whereas 31.1% were inadequate and 40.9% were sufficient. The administration of vitamin D supplements slightly improved hemoglobin A1c levels in 67.7% of the patients, but the difference was not significant (mean 10.8 ± 2.1% before, 10.1 ± 2.5% after, p 0.05 = 0.199). However, there was a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose level (mean: 174.978.5–136.759.1 ng/ml; p 0.05 = 0.049). Vitamin D levels were significantly increased after treatment (mean = 49.6 ng/mL; t- test = −11.6, 95% CI 40.8–(−28.6); p 0.05 = 0.000). After vitamin D3 supplementation, 25.8% of individuals changed their insulin dosage; however, there was no significant variation in insulin needs. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Sudan is relatively high; incorporating vitamin D supplements in their treatment plan may improve their glycemic control.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine skin tumor that presents as a flesh-colored or bluish-red nodule on the face, neck, or head. Long-term ultraviolet radiation exposure and Merkel cell polyomavirus are associated with MCC pathogenesis. We present a case of MCC on the right cheek in a male patient aged 87 years. Our primary goal in presenting the case is to bring MCC, which is a diagnostic challenge, to the notice of dermatologists and oncologists, as early detection and prompt treatment are important. The patient had a significant past medical history, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stage 3 chronic kidney disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic hyponatremia, acute pancreatitis, essential thrombocytosis on hydroxyurea, and ischemic heart disease. The patient presented with a mildly swollen right upper lip showing a poorly defined, relatively homogeneous subcutaneous lesion with a history of persistence for 1.5 months. The clinical examination revealed a 5 × 3–cm nodular lesion on the right side of the cheek with swelling of the right upper lip. Immunohistochemistry markers and histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of MCC. The patient was referred to the oncology department for further management. MCC of the skin is an aggressive lesion with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, which is more common in immunocompromised people. Prompt management and treatment of MCC is essential because if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and can also metastasize to lymph nodes and other organs. The patient is 87 years old and has a significant past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease stage 3, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic hyponatremia, acute pancreatitis, essential thrombocytosis on hydroxyurea, and ischemic heart disease. Currently, the patient presented with a mildly swollen right upper lip showing a poorly defined, relatively homogenous subcutaneous lesion with a history of persistence for 1.5 months. The clinical examination revealed a 5x3 cm nodular lesion on the right side of the cheek with swelling of the right upper lip. Immunohistochemistry markers results and histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma. The patient was referred to the oncology department for further management. Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin is an aggressive lesion with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, which is more common in immunocompromised people. Prompt management and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma is essential because if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and can also metastasize to lymph nodes and other organs.

Climate change directly affects crop yields, which would cause more future food security crises. Ensemble global climate models (GCMs) combined with crop growth models are an effective method to project such impacts. In the current study, five criteria were used to pick out ten GCMs. Three types of efficiency criteria, namely root-mean-squared error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and bias (BISA) between predicted and observed temperature and precipitation, were used to evaluate and select the better-performing of the GCMs for the baseline period (1981–2010). Then, AquaCrop-GIS, driven by the downscaled projected climate data from the selected GCMs, was used to predict rice yields in the Nile River Delta (NRD) region under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) and four prediction periods (2021–2099). Four statistical indicators, namely, prediction error (Pe), normalized RMSE (RMSEn), index of agreement (Dindex), and coefficient of determination (R2), were used to evaluate the performance of AquaCrop-GIS. Our results showed that five GCMs, including the BCC-CSM2-MR, CMCC-ESM2, INM-CM5–0, MRI-ESM2–0, and UKESM1–0-LL, had better performances in simulating temperature and precipitation (0.81 ≤ RMSE ≤ 4.77, 0.30 ≤ NSE ≤ 0.97, and 0.57 ≤ R ≤ 0.99). In addition, AquaCrop-GIS showed excellent accuracy in simulating rice yields and predicted that, without CO2 effects, rice yields would increase by 2.19% and 4.23% under SSP2–4.5 and by 0.72% and 0.30% under SSP5–8.5 during the 2030s and 2050s, respectively. However, in the 2070s and 2090s, rice yields would decline by 7.20% and 9.0% under SSP2–4.5 and by 23.34% and 34.24% under SSP5–8.5 during the 2070s and 2090s, respectively. With CO2 effects, rice yields would rise by 14.49%, 24.97%, 15.96%, and 16.93% under SSP2–4.5 and by 14.33%, 26.22%, 8.06%, and 1.61% under SSP5–8.5 during the 2030s, 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s, respectively. Regardless of uncertainties and limitations, our findings are beneficial for farmers and policymakers to develop appropriate management strategies to improve rice yields in Egypt.

Abstract: Purpose: To identify prevalence of blepharoptosis and lower lid laxity in dermatochalasis patients for paying more attention to it. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study in which 83 patients visiting Ophthalmology Department - Almouassat University Hospital between 2020 and 2021. We take patients who have dermatochalasis despite their complaints. All patients underwent slit-lamp examination, measurement of marginal reflex distance MRD1 , lid distraction and snap back test. Based on these tests we determine the presence of blepharoptosis and lower lid laxity and their degrees. Results: A total of 83 patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age of patients was 64.4, 53.01% of participants were female. 27.7 % of patients had blepharoptosis. 65.2 % of patients had mild ptosis, 34.8 % had moderate ptosis and there was no severe ptosis in study group. 30.1% had lower lid laxity 19 of them were male, 72% were degree 1 and 28% were degree 2. Conclusion: The incidence of blepharoptosis and lower lid laxity increases with age especially those with periocular changes.

The contamination of farm soils with heavy metals (HMs) has raised significant concerns due to the increased bioavailability and accumulation of HMs in agricultural food crops. To address this issue, a survey experiment was conducted in the suburbs of Multan and Faisalabad to investigate the spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, translocation, and health risks of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in agricultural crops. The results show a considerable concentration of Cd and Pb in soils irrigated with wastewater, even though these levels were below the permissible limits in water and soil matrices. The pollution index for Cd was mostly greater than 1 at the selected sites, indicating its accumulation in soil over time due to wastewater irrigation. Conversely, the pollution index for Pb was below 1 at all sites. Among the plants, Zea mays accumulated the highest concentration of Cd and Pb. The translocation factor from soil to root was highest for Brassica olearecea (7.037 for Cd) and Zea mays (6.383 for Pb). The target hazard quotient (THQ) value of Cd exceeded the non-carcinogenic limit for most vegetables. The highest value was found in Allium cepa (5.256) and the lowest in Allium sativum (0.040). In contrast, the THQ level of Pb was below the non-carcinogenic limit for most vegetables, except for Allium cepa (1.479), Solanum lycopersicum (1.367), and Solanum tuberosum (1.326). The study highlights that Allium cepa poses the highest health risk for humans, while Medicago sativa poses the highest risk for animals due to Cd and Pb contamination. These results underscore the urgent need for effective measures to mitigate the health risks associated with HM contamination in crops and soils.