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Abstract Tamarix tetragyna is a plant grows in Mediterranean area and some Arab countries. It possesses numerous medicinal values. Purpose of our study is to explore biological activity of tamarix tetragyna extracts of both leaves and stem with investigating their phytochemical composition. The investigated extracts’ phyto-constituent composition was determined using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. In addition, in vitro cytoxicity activity versus cancer cell lines such MCF-7, HepG-2, HCT-116, and A-549 was examined by MTT assay method, together with exploring its apoptosis effect by flow cytometry and western blot analysis techniques. Moreover, some phytochemical compounds were identified, and in-silico evaluated against anticancer molecular targets. Plant extracts showed good cytotoxic activity against both A-549 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. With an IC50 value of 23.90 µg/ml that led to apoptosis and G2/M-phase arrest in A-549 cells, cytotoxicity data demonstrate leaves’ extract effectiveness against these cells. Upon GC-MS analysis, it revealed presence of some bioactive components such as Stigmast-5-en-3-ol and 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, which are known for their cytotoxic activity. Our findings suggest that methanolic extracts of Tamarix tetragyna parts may have potential therapeutic uses as anticancer against A-549 cells, which opens up further avenues for investigation into its industrial applications.

Abstract Influenza poses a significant threat to global health, with the ability to cause severe epidemics and pandemics. The polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) of the influenza virus plays a crucial role in the viral replication process, making the CAP-binding domain of PB2 an attractive target for antiviral drug development. This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential inhibitors of the influenza polymerase PB2 CAP-binding domain using computational drug discovery methods. We employed a comprehensive computational approach involving virtual screening, molecular docking, and 500 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Compounds were selected from the Diverse lib database and assessed for their binding affinity and stability in interaction with the PB2 CAP-binding domain. The study utilized the generalized amber force field (GAFF) for MD simulations to further evaluate the dynamic behaviour and stability of the interactions. Among the screened compounds, compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed promising binding affinities. Compound 4 demonstrated the highest binding stability and the most favourable free energy profile, indicating strong and consistent interaction with the target domain. Compound 3 displayed moderate stability with dynamic conformational changes, while Compound 1 maintained robust interactions throughout the simulations. Comparative analyses of these compounds against a control compound highlighted their potential efficacy. Compound 4 emerged as the most promising inhibitor, with substantial stability and strong binding affinity to the PB2 CAP-binding domain. These findings suggest that compound 4, along with compounds 1 and 3, holds the potential for further development into effective antiviral agents against influenza. Future studies should focus on experimental validation of these compounds and exploration of resistance mechanisms to enhance their therapeutic utility.

Abstract The evidence of rivaroxaban's pharmacokinetics in obese compared with non‐obese populations remains inconclusive. We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of rivaroxaban between obese and non‐obese populations under fed state. Participants who met the study's eligibility criteria were assigned into one of two groups: obese (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2) or non‐obese (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). A single dose of rivaroxaban 20 mg was orally administered to each participant. Nine blood samples over 48 h, and multiple urine samples over 18 h were collected and analyzed for rivaroxaban concentration using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using WinNonlin software. Thirty‐six participants were recruited into the study. No significant changes were observed between obese and non‐obese participants in peak plasma concentration, time to reach peak plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve over 48 h or to infinity, elimination rate constant, half‐life, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and fraction of drug excreted unchanged in urine over 18 h. Rivaroxaban's exposure was similar between the obese and non‐obese subjects, and there were no significant differences in other pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups. These results suggest that dose adjustment for rivaroxaban is probably unwarranted in the obese population.

A significant number of deaths are reported annually worldwide due to microbial and viral infections. The development of protective medical textiles for patients and healthcare professionals has attracted many researchers’ attention. Therefore, this study aims to develop smart drug-eluting nanofibrous matrices to be used as a basic material for medical textile fabrication. First, chitosan/gelatin nanofibers were selected as the basic material owing to the wide antimicrobial activity of chitosan and the capability of gelatin to be hydrolyzed in the abundance of the papain-like protease (PLpro) enzyme secreted by SARS-CoV-2. Daclatasvir (DAC), an NS5A inhibitor, was selected as the model drug based on in silico studies where it showed high anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential compared to FDA-approved references. Due to their reported antimicrobial and antiviral activities, ZnO NPs were successfully prepared and incorporated with daclatasvir in chitosan/gelatin nanofibrous matrices through electrospinning. Afterward, an in vitro release study in a simulated buffer revealed the controlled release of DAC over 21 days from the nanofibers compared to only 6 h for free DAC. On the other hand, the abundance of PLpro induced the complete release of DAC from the nanofibers in only 4–8 h. Finally, the nanofibers demonstrated a wide antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans.