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El presente artículo pretende establecer un paralelismo sobre el tema del Grial entre las primeras fuentes del Islam y la literatura persa, por una parte, y por otra, la literatura medieval occidental, abordando dos obras: la francesa, Le Conte du Graal de Chrétien de Troyes y la alemana, Parzival de Wolfram von Eschenbach. Tras un breve repaso del origen oriental del Grial, se estudian sus manifestaciones como recipiente y piedra en el marco de la simbología islámica, etimología del término y vinculación con el principio femenino.

El propósito de este artículo es presentar un estudio y traducción de una parte representativa de la poesía de Abū Madyan. Se divide en dos secciones. Tras unos breves apuntes de la vida del maestro, la segunda parte se centra en el análisis de su poemario: las fuentes, los temas y la relación entre la experiencia mística y el uso del lenguaje y los símbolos. El examen de su poesía pone de manifiesto su influjo en posteriores poetas sufíes como Ibn ‘Arabī y al-Šuštarī, especialmente en lo relativo a los símbolos de la mujer, el viaje y el vino.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar por primera vez una traducción a una lengua europea, el castellano, de la Maqṣūrat al-ŷawhara ‘la perla’ de Abū Madyan. Se trata de una obra poética compuesta por 120 versos, dedicada a la exhortación piadosa (al-waˁẓ). El texto se enfoca principalmente en lo religioso, partiendo del Corán y la tradición del Profeta, para la edificación de los asistentes. La traducción se acompaña de un conciso comentario histórico y literario con el fin de dar una visión global de la prédica aplicada en al-Andalus y el Magreb, y asimismo mostrar el estado presente de los estudios que la Maqṣūra ha originado.

El propósito de este artículo es realizar un estudio comparado entre las dos medianeras: Umm Rašīd, heroína de la primera pieza de sombras, Ṭayf al-Jayāl, de Ibn Dāniyāl y la vieja Celestina de la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea de Fernando de Rojas. Dos maestras del arte de la seducción, ideadas en el seno de la tradición literaria, pintura de un mundo vivo y reflejo del inmediato conocimiento que los autores tenían de su entorno social. Ante todo, el estudio aplica la crítica del modelo celestinesco para concretar la caracterización de la tercera. El cotejo sistemático de los textos revela coincidencias más que llamativas entre ambas protagonistas.

Resumen: Un núcleo reducido de investigadores se interesó por Dīwān kadas ‘Diván del teatro de sombras’ y se dedicó a estudiarlo con el fin de sacar a la luz nuevos textos egipcios del género. Pero pese a estos esfuerzos no se ha llegado a levantar nuevo mapa del arte, ni disipar las carencias terminológicas, ni resaltar las técnicas que se empleaban en los espectáculos de sombras. Este artículo pretende explorar nuevamente este Dīwān, aportando información acerca de los representantes del género a partir del siglo XVI. Especial atención se ofrece también al significado de kadas y su relación con la esfera teatral, sirviéndose tanto de consideraciones de índole lingüística como literaria. Se cierra el trabajo con una antología traducida.

BACKGROUND: The role of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (AAWMs) during the vesical filling and evacuation has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. We have investigated the hypothesis that the AAWMs exhibit the increased electromyographic (EMG) activity on the vesical distension and contraction which presumably assists vesical evacuation.METHODS: The effects of the vesical balloon distension on the vesical pressure (VP), vesical neck (VNP) pressures and the AAWMs' EMG activity were studied in 28 healthy volunteers aged 40.7 ± 9.7 years (18 men, 10 women). These effects were tested after the individual anesthetization of the bladder and AAWMs and after saline infiltration.RESULTS: The VP and the VNP showed a gradual increase upon the incremental vesical balloon distension which started at a distending volume of 120–140 ml. At a mean volume of 364.6 ± 23.8 ml, the VP increased to a mean of 36.6 ± 3.2 cmH2O, the VNP decreased to 18.4 ± 2.4 cmH2O, and the AAWMs EMG registered a significant increase. This effect disappeared in the individual bladder and in the AAWMs' anesthetization. However, it did not disappear in the saline administration.CONCLUSIONS: The AAWMs appear to contract simultaneously with vesical contraction. This action presumably increases the IAP and it assists vesical contraction. The AAWMs contraction on vesical contraction seems to be mediated through a reflex which is called the 'vesico-abdominal wall reflex'. Further studies are required to investigate the role of this reflex in vesical disorders.KEY WORDS: Oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, vesical pressure, electromyography.

El presente artículo empieza con una breve exposición de los datos más significativos sobre la vida y obra del sufí almeriense Ibn al-‘Arīf (d. 536/1141). A continuación se habla de su formación filosófica y sufí. Finalmente, se reúnen y traducen diversos pasajes de Miftāḥ al-sa‘āda que hacen referencia a la filosofía y la mística. Se contrastan a la vez sus opiniones con anteriores sufíes andalusíes como Ibn Masarra e Ibn Jamīs de Évora.

Backgrounds and Aims. The benefit of lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLD) for rectal cancer remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of local recurrence between patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) with and without LPLD in rectal cancer. Patients and Methods. The study was conducted on 92 patients presenting with extraperitoneal rectal cancer (T3 and T4) in the colorectal department at our hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A was subjected to total mesorectal excision (TME) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and Group B was subjected to TME with LPLD with autonomic nerve preservation. Patients were followed up for the incidence of local recurrence, distant recurrence, and urinary and sexual dysfunctions. Results. Incidence of local recurrence was slightly higher in Group A (8.7%) than in Group B (4.3%) but was not statistically significant. There was no statistical significance between both groups regarding distant metastasis (8.7% in Group A and 13% in Group B). Urinary and sexual dysfunctions were higher in Group B (26.1%) compared to those in Group A (21.7%) but were not statistically significant. The incidence of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis was 30.4%. Also, intraoperative blood loss was higher and operative time was longer in Group B which was statistically significant (P value

Abstract Background New onset seizure (NOS) is defined as the first seizure within a 24-h period ever experienced by the patient. Cluster seizures (CS) or status epilepticus (SE) can be the first manifestation of epilepsy or it may be a symptom of a brain tumor, a systemic disorder, an infection, or a syndrome. This study aims to determine the etiology of CS and SE in NOS among adult Egyptians. One hundred twenty adult Egyptian patients presented with NOS were enrolled in a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study within a time period of 6 months from March till September 2018. All patients were subjected to neurological examination including mini mental status examination, laboratory, neuroimaging, and electroencephalogram. Results Among 120 adult patients presented with NOS, males were prevalent (63%). Older adults (> 55 years) were prevalent (60%). Of the patients, 25% presented by CS, while 11% presented by SE. Post-stroke epilepsy (41%) was the predominant etiology of NOS. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) were the prevalent etiology of SE in NOS (35%). NOS presented by CS were more prevalent among patients with brain tumors (29%) in comparison to CVDs (25%). Conclusion CS represented 25% of NOS in adult Egyptian patients. SE is prevalent among 11% of NOS. Despite CVDs being the most prevalent etiology of NOS in adult population (41%) including those presented with SE (35%), brain tumors are the most prevalent etiology of new onset CS (29%).

Abstract Background New-onset seizure (NOS) is defined as the first seizure within a 24-h period ever experienced by the patient. A first-ever seizure can be the first manifestation of epilepsy. Or it may be a symptom of a brain tumor, a systemic disorder, an infection, or a syndrome that deserves special attention and treatment. This study aims to identify the etiology of NOS among different age and sex groups of adult Egyptian patients. A hundred and twenty adult Egyptian patients (> 18 years) presented with acute NOS were enrolled in a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study from the emergency room and neurology outpatient clinics of our hospitals within a time period of 6 months from March till September 2018. All patients were subjected to neurological examination, laboratory, neuroimaging, and electroencephalogram investigations. Results Among 120 adult patients presented with NOS, males were prevalent (63%). Older adults (age group > 55 years) were the most prevalent cohort (60%). Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) were the most common identified etiology of NOS (44.17%), followed by idiopathic epilepsy syndrome (18.33%), symptomatic mainly “metabolic” (11%), brain tumors (9.17%), post-traumatic epilepsy (6.67 %), encephalitis (5.83%), and cryptogenic (5%). Idiopathic epilepsy syndrome was the most common etiology (55.56%) of new-onset seizures among the young adult age group ( 55 years). Also, CVDs were the most common etiology among males (43.4%) as well as females (45.4%). However, male predominance was the highest among post-traumatic seizures (87.5%). And female predominance was the highest among brain tumors identified etiology of NOS (54.5%). Conclusion NOS among adults are prevalent in elder males. CVDs are the most commonly identified etiology of adult NOS across males and females. Idiopathic epilepsy syndromes are the predominant etiology among younger adults.

AIM: To detect the quantitative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 (IL8), antimicrobial peptides human beta defense-2 (HBD2), and human beta defense-3 (HBD3) genes in bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: The human conjunctival epithelial cells were obtained using the impression cytology technique from healthy controls and patients. The genes expression levels were determined utilizing a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The contribution of causative agent type, the number of isolates and severity of clinical features, in the increase of genes expression was also determined. RESULTS: The RT-qPCR showed that IL8, HBD2, and HBD3 expression increased in bacterial conjunctivitis as compared to healthy control (P

Abstract Background Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke. Patients with a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke and severe stenosis (70 to 99% of the diameter of a major intracranial artery) are at particularly high risk for recurrent stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery (approximately 23% at 1 year) despite medical treatment. Therefore, alternative therapies are urgently needed for these patients. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of angioplasty with stenting in medically refractory ICAS and to compare its effectiveness with optimal medical treatment. Subjects and methods Fifty patients with symptomatic ICAS despite medical treatment (i.e, recurrent stroke or TIA) were enrolled and equally randomized in a prospective study where twenty-five patients underwent angioplasty with stenting and twenty-five patients received optimal medical treatment. Clinical assessment with NIHSS and mRS were done at 0, 3, and 6 months, and transracial Doppler (TCD) assessment of ICAS was done at 0 and 3 months after treatment. Results The interventional group had a better clinical outcome with mean NIHSS scores (5.2 ± 4.2, 4.43 ± 4.28 and 3.9 ± 4.7) at baseline, 3 and 6 months, respectively, in comparison to the medical group with mean NIHSS (4.5 ± 4.2, 11.42 ± 6.3, and 8.5 ± 5.1) and better functional outcome with mean mRS scores (1.3 ± 0.96, 1.2 ± 1.13, and 1.0 ± 1.13) at baseline, 3 and 6 months, respectively, in comparison to the medical group (0.84 ± 0.75, 2.28 ± 1.2, and 2 ± 1.24). TCD assessment of ICAS showed a marked reduction of the percentage of stenosis on 3 months of follow-up among the interventional groups (only 5.6% had > 70% stenosis) in comparison to the medical group (85.7% had > 70% stenosis). Recurrent ischemic events on 6 months of follow-up were 16% among interventional groups in comparison to 84% among medical groups. The mortality rate was 8% among interventional groups due to subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) related to procedure in comparison to 28% among medical groups secondary to ischemic events. The intraoperative success rate was 96% with the failure of stent deployment in 1 patient due to the tortuous anatomy of vessels. Early post interventional complication rate, i.e, SAH was 8%. Late post interventional restenosis and occlusion rates were 8% on 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion Endovascular stenting of medically refractory ICAS is more efficacious and effective with better clinical and functional outcomes than optimal medical treatment; however, its safety is still debatable. Trial registration Done at ClinicalTrials.gov . Trial ID (NCT Number) NCT04393025 .