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Ahmed Saleh Kenawy,1 Osama Gheith,1 Torky Al-Otaibi,1 Nashwa Othman,2 Hasaneen Abo Atya,1 Mohamed Al-Otaibi,1 Mohamed Sobhy Nagy31Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Ibn Sina Group of Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait; 2Dasman Diabetes Institute, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait; 3Kuwait Cancer Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, KuwaitCorrespondence: Ahmed Saleh KenawyHamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Ibn Sina Group of Hospitals, Pharmacy Department, Sabah Medical Area, Shuwikh, PO Box 25427, Kuwait City, Safat 13115, KuwaitTel +965 9 755 7486Email Akenawy01@qub.ac.ukIntroduction and aim: Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment choice for end stage renal disease; this option needs a major change in the recipients’ lifestyle and requires strict adherence to medications. The study aim was to assess the compliance of renal transplant patients to medications and lifestyle modifications in the Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center in Kuwait.Patients and methods: One-hundred and twenty renal transplant patients were interviewed for their lifestyle behaviors after transplantation, including transplant adherence to their medications, healthy meals, personal hygiene, physical activity, regular out-patient follow up visits, and preventive measures against infection and cancer, in addition to sexual function. The questionnaire used was created by staff of the Faculty of Medicine, Mansura University, Egypt.Results: Sixty percent of the renal transplant patients were compliant with medications and lifestyle. Risk factors associated with poor medication compliance were being Kuwaiti citizens, women, and having had unrelated living donors (p