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Background: Studies examining shorter intervals between antenatal corticosteroid administration (ACS) and delivery are limited. This study analyzed effects of the timing of ACS on short-term and long-term outcomes in premature infants. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 534 deliveries between 220/7 and 296/7 gestational weeks, from January 2008 through December 2015, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Hospital in Ulm, Germany. The initiation of antenatal corticosteroids to delivery was categorized using cutoffs of >/≤24 hours. The study reported on gestational age, birthweight, the time interval between the first ACS and delivery, Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score, umbilical pH, delivery mode, incidences of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the use of surfactant, as well as the neurodevelopment after 2 years (mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI)), and mortality. Results: Gestational ages were significantly advanced in the >24 hours group (p < 0.001). The incidences of BPD and IVH were significantly higher in neonates with less than 24 hours to delivery (BPD: 51.0% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.045; IVH: 10.5% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in ROP (p = 0.083), NEC (p = 0.856), or neurodevelopment after 2 years (MDI: p = 0.465, PDI: p = 0.116). Conclusions: Complications such as NEC and ROP, along with long-term neurological outcomes, do not seem to be influenced by shorter ACS intervals. In contrast, BPD, IVH, and surfactant administration appear to occur more frequently with ACS

The article presents the results of works on the analysis of using cutting forces and torque to determine AISI 304 stainless steel milling process state. The research and analyzes were carried out for the determine tool state and the process state itself. The tests were performed using Sandvik milling head, equipped with 345R-1305M-PM 4230 inserts . This study presents and discusses the obtained results determining the resultant value of the minimum and maximum cutting forces and the tool life. The results of observations of the tool's condition were presented.

Kα,β X-ray lines from photon excitation were measured in selected elements from Mg to Cu using a high-resolution double-crystal X-ray spectrometer with a proportional counter, and the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio for each element was obtained, after correcting for self-absorption, detection efficiency, and crystal reflectance. This intensity ratio increases rapidly from Mg to Ca but, in the 3d elements region, the increase becomes slower. This is related to the intensity of the Kβ line involving valence electrons. The slow increase of this ratio in the 3d elements region is thought to be due to the correlation between 3d and 4s electrons. Moreover, the chemical shifts, FWHM, asymmetry indices, and Kβ/Kα intensity ratios of the Cr compounds, due to different valences, were also investigated using the same double-crystal X-ray spectrometer. The chemical effects were clearly observed, and the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio was found to be compound-dependent for Cr.

The article presents the results of works on the analysis of using cutting forces and torque measurements to determine the state of dry fiberglass matrix polyester resin composite high performance drilling process. The research and analyzes were carried out for the different states of tool state and the process state itself. GFRP - Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer was used to perform the experiment. As a result of the conducted analyzes, it was determined that booth the forces and torque generated in drilling process can constitute a good diagnostic signal, on the basis of which it is possible to conclude about the state of the process and tool.

Abstract Background Patient safety is a key target in public health, health services and medicine. Communication between all parties involved in gynecology and obstetrics (clinical staff/professionals, expectant mothers/patients and their partners, close relatives or friends providing social support) should be improved to ensure patient safety, including the avoidance of preventable adverse events (pAEs). Therefore, interventions including an app will be developed in this project through a participatory approach integrating two theoretical models. The interventions will be designed to support participants in their communication with each other and to overcome difficulties in everyday hospital life. The aim is to foster effective communication in order to reduce the frequency of pAEs. If communication is improved, clinical staff should show an increase in work satisfaction and patients should show an increase in patient satisfaction. Methods The study will take place in two maternity clinics in Germany. In line with previous studies of complex interventions, it is divided into three interdependent phases. Each phase provides its own methods and data. Phase 1: Needs assessment and a training for staff (n = 140) tested in a pre-experimental study with a pre/post-design. Phase 2: Assessment of communication training for patients and their social support providers (n = 423) in a randomized controlled study. Phase 3: Assessment of an app supporting the communication between staff, patients, and their social support providers (n = 423) in a case-control study. The primary outcome is improvement of communication competencies. A range of other implementation outcomes will also be assessed (i.e. pAEs, patient/treatment satisfaction, work satisfaction, safety culture, training-related outcomes). Discussion This is the first large intervention study on communication and patient safety in gynecology and obstetrics integrating two theoretical models that have not been applied to this setting. It is expected that the interventions, including the app, will improve communication practice which is linked to a lower probability of pAEs. The app will offer an effective and inexpensive way to promote effective communication independent of users’ motivation. Insights gained from this study can inform other patient safety interventions and health policy developments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03855735; date of registration: February 27, 2019.

Previous studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs328743478) located downstream of pre-miR-208b in MYH7 gene is correlated with fibre number composition and drip loss in pigs. Because fibre characteristics are linked to meat quality, the aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between rs328743478 polymorphism and meat quality and texture parameters. The study utilised 578 pigs belonging to Polish Landrace, Polish Large White, Puławska, Pietrain, Duroc, and Hampshire breeds. Association study was performed for the first three breeds separately and for all six breeds joined together. Obtained results showed a significant influence (P ≤ 0.05) of miR-208b genotypes on water holding capacity (WHC) in the whole population and individual breeds and on intramuscular fat content (IMF) and luminosity in the whole population as well as in Landrace and Puławska breeds, respectively. By analysing texture parameters, we found association (P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01) between rs328743478 polymorphism and toughness, firmness, and chewiness measured in m. semimembranosus and m. longissimus lumborum. The highest values of these traits in m. semimembranosus were noticed for AA genotype, however in m. longissimus lumborum for GG in the whole population and some individual breeds. It was found that miR-208b genotypes were also associated with cohesiveness (P ≤ 0.01), springiness, and hardness (P ≤ 0.05) but obtained results were not consistent among breeds and the whole population. The obtained results confirm that miR-208b polymorphism is associated with some economically important traits in pigs.

Motivation: The Payment Accounts Directive (PAD) constitutes an important regulation of the financial services market in the European Union resulting from premises of a social nature. Regarding the level of financial exclusion, Poland is third from the bottom in the European Union. Directive 2014/92/EU foresees an introduction of a payment account with basic features as a solution increasing the level of banking penetration ratio in the Member States. The changes introduced in the Polish Payment Services Act (PPSA) seem to be heading in this direction.Aim: The aim of this article is to evaluate the objectives of the aforementioned Directive and Act in the context of practical possibilities of achieving the basic objective of the regulations, i.e. the reduction of financial exclusion scale. An assessment of whether the implementation of the PAD in the Polish banking system will require considerable expenses and changes in the banks’ market offer constitutes an additional objective of the article. Such an assessment requires taking into consideration the problems occurring both on the supply side, that is banks, and on the demand side, that is their customers.Results: The limited functionality and also attractiveness of a payment account with basic features, clearly shaped by the provisions of PAD, indicate that it is a solution aimed at a small group of consumers with low income and also low payment needs. Simultaneously, the emphasis indicated in PAD on the comparability of fees on payment accounts and on creating a commonly accessible service of transferring a payment account by consumers (as a consequence of easier comparison of account fees with its functionality in the offer of various providers) indicates that using a payment account with basic features may be of temporary character.

In the future International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the interaction between the plasma and the tungsten chosen as the plasma-facing wall material imposes that the hot central plasma loses energy by X-ray emission from tungsten ions. On the other hand, the registered X-ray spectra provide alternative diagnostics of the plasma itself. Highly ionized tungsten emits extremely complex X-ray spectra that can be understood only after exhaustive theoretical studies. The detailed analyses will be useful for proper interpretation of soft X-ray plasma radiation expected to be registered on ITER-like machines, that is, Tungsten (W) Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST). The simulations of the soft X-ray spectra structures for tungsten ions have been performed using the flexible atomic code (FAC) package within the framework of collisional-radiative (CR) model approach for electron temperatures and densities relevant to WEST tokamak.

This paper shows the theoretical predictions of the outer-shell ionization effect on the positions of Kα1,2, Kβ1,3, and K β2 X-ray lines for some 4d-transition metals (molybdenum and palladium) and 4f rare-earth elements (dysprosium and ytterbium). The ionization energy shifts have been evaluated using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method, containing Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. The presented results are important for obtaining the information about some parameters of plasma generated by different sources, especially by pulsed power machine and short-pulse lasers.

Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein is involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in the lactating mammary gland. Different variants of the gene that encodes this protein may be associated with its different activity. The primary aim of this study was to find polymorphism in the THRSP gene and estimate the relationship between individual genotypes and fatty acid composition in milk. Investigations were carried out on 224 cows represented by two breeds—Jersey (n = 80) and Polish Holstein-Friesian (n = 144). Polymorphism in THRSP was detected by Sanger sequencing; however, genotypes were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. It was shown that the analyzed variant had a significant (p < 0.05) influence on palmitic and stearic fatty acids as well as on fatty acids with a chain length of 14, 16, and 6–16 in Jersey breed and on caproic, palmitic, myristoleic, and palmitoleic fatty acids in H-F. Obtained results indicated that analyzed SNP in bovine THRSP gene (rs42714482) may be considered as a potential marker for fatty acid composition in milk

The article presents the results of works on the analysis of the possibility of using force measurements to determine the state of the machining process, both in relation to the phenomena occurring during machining and the workpiece itself compared to acoustic emission signal (AE). The research and analyzes were carried out for the commonly used material removal processes of objects; turning, milling, grinding and drilling. Various materials were processed - metal alloy Hardox 400 as well as fiber composite materials (GFRP - Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) and polymer construction material RenShape® BM5035 with various structures. As a result of the conducted analyzes, it was determined that the forces generated in the machine tool-holder-workpiece-tool layout can constitute a good diagnostic signal, on the basis of which it is possible to conclude about the state of the process.

The operation of the internal combustion engine leads to the production of exhaust gases harmful to the natural environment. The introduced standards of the European exhaust emission standard aim, among other things, to reduce CO2 emissions. Such assumptions are related to the reduction of fuel consumption of internal combustion engines in vehicles. This means the need to make structural changes in the produced engines, and thus reduce the displacement while maintaining high power and torque. Engines constructed in this way require the use of individually selected oils and maintaining appropriate service intervals for their replacement.

The article is devoted to research of state of modern cable lines and power lines used in the economy. The article describes the current state of problem diagnosis conductor cable lines and the factors affecting the reliability of lines. The developed mathematical model of conversion of value of operating voltage into the digital code allows to develop a method of measurement. The method based on the conversion of a harmonic signal into time intervals and a comparison of two adjacent ones according to expressions. The algorithm of the operation processed in the device for measuring the current voltage of the harmonic signal was shown.

The polymer film, formed on fabric, has a diverse resistance to impact (shear) forces during deformation. An original model of the capillary-porous structure of the fabric, partially filled with polymer, was presented and discussed in this paper. Polymer material fixing relations were developed, taking into account the fabric structure and changes of polymer temperature. Experimental studies were performed on three different materials: artificial leather SK-2, GOST 16119-70 (230 g/m2); genuine beef skin, GOST 939-75 (2.2 g/m3); and fabric denim, GOST 29298-2005 (225 g/m2). The value of mathematical model analysis deviation compared with the experimental value was approximately 12%. The obtained mathematical dependences were the basis for predicting the increase of the dimensional stability of garments by applying hot melt polymer to its surface. It is also possible to design new equipment for its implementation.

The paper applies to the issue of preservation of passenger vehicles during overcoming the roadblocks on a dry asphalt surface with the constant speed. The study aimed to estimate the forces which are affecting the suspension of the vehicle during the contact between a tyre and roadblock. Using the video recording it is possible to calculate the values of the tyre deflection and forces acting in the system. The obtained deflections of the tyres were compared to earlier laboratory test results and load-deflection characteristics of the tyres with the same size. The roadblock with the defined geometry causes a dynamic deflection of the tyre. During the study a significant change in the geometry of the suspension has not occurred. The paper presents the characteristics of the vehicles research with a particular regard to model and type of tyres. The determination of the exact dimensions of the roadblocks and application of the ADIS 16385 system for acquisition and archiving the features of the kinematic motion of the vehicle allowed to determine the speed at the moment of collision with the roadblock.

This paper examines the significance of innovations in the area of payment services for strategies implemented by commercial banks in Poland. We propose a definition of payment innovations and present the evolution of their introduction in the Polish market, indicating the impact of legal regulations and the critical character of the new FinTech phenomenon. The analysis that we conducted was based on the results of a survey which obtained responses from 24 commercial banks representing almost the entire Polish retail banking sector based on the number of personal accounts maintained. The study helped to determine the main elements of the strategies implemented by banks in Poland. It also revealed the methods for competing in the area of payment services utilized by the banks, with innovative services as one of the leading elements. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant differentiation of applied strategies depending on a bank’s size. In the case of larger banks, the main motivation for introducing payment innovations was characteristic of an offensive strategy, and for smaller banks — more often a defensive one. We also proposed a theoretical model for using the specific nature of payment innovations to build customer relationships and to apply cross-selling.

The aim of our work is to determine the involvement and plans of banks concerning the introduction of payment innovations in the Polish market. This empirical study was based on the results of two surveys. The first survey allowed us to obtain the official positions of 24 commercial banks. The second survey included the opinions of 70 experts, who were senior managers from banks and other payment market institutions. The paper presents the scope of the implementation of payment innovations and five-year plans outlined by the banks. It proved that commercial banks, including both the largest ones and those with a smaller market share, are extremely interested in payment innovations and are ready to implement many solutions at the same time. This new phenomenon can be described as the “universal innovativeness” of banks. Most of these innovations are intended to improve customer convenience, which helps banks to achieve an important strategic objective. Poland had recent changes in legal regulations which considerably reduced the interchange fee in card schemes. Our results indicated that, in spite of the decrease of the banks’ revenue, the innovation process did not slow down. A new situation is coopetition between banks in Poland, used as a successful model to implement the domestic mobile payment system BLIK. The Polish market of payment services has recently become one of the most innovative in the world. The diversification of innovations implemented by the banks may be read as a strategic response of those institutions to the dynamic technological advancements of FinTech and the related uncertainty of future trends in the payment market. The results have allowed us to formulate a hypothesis that is a new paradigm of a portfolio approach to introducing payment innovations that have appeared in banking.

The original test results of abrasive wear resistance of different type of construction polymer materials were presented and discussed in this article. Tests were made on an adapted test stand (surface grinder for form and finish grinding). Test samples were made of different types of polymer board materials including RenShape®, Cibatool® and phenolic cotton laminated plastic laminate (TCF). An original methodology based on a grinding experimental set-up of abrasion wear resistance of polymer construction materials was presented. Equations describing relations between material type and wear resistance were presented and discussed. Micro and macro structures were investigated and used in wear resistance prediction.

The research was aimed at determining the physicochemical and sensory properties of the m. longissimus lumborum at DanAvl Hybrid (Landrace – Yorkshire) fatteners and derived from DanAvl Hybrid sows and DanAvl Duroc and Pulawska boars. Fatteners derived from DanAvl Duroc boars were characterized by better meat quality compared to DanAvl Hybrids and their hybrids with Pulawska breed as evidenced by higher pH in 24–96 h post mortem (p.m.), higher sensory evaluation of juiciness, tenderness and flavor as well as lower shear force at lower content of total protein and higher content of intramuscular fat (IMF). However, DanAvl Hybrid fatteners were characterized by poorer meat quality, i.e. higher color lightness (L*) and higher drip loss both from fresh and thawed meat compared to those derived from DanAvl Duroc and Pulawska boars. Meat of fatteners after Pulawska breed was characterized by the highest redness (a*), and that after DanAvl Duroc breed, the lowest yellowness (b*) and saturation (C*).

The contactless technology has become in Poland a standard for retail payments in a relatively short time. The aim of the article is to indicate the success factors for the development of contactless payments in Poland. Due to the network nature of the payment services and a complexity of payment card schemes functioning, there are huge barriers to technological changes on the payment card market. The success of the contactless technology implementation was achieved by strategy of payment organizations, based on the simultaneous supporting the development of the acceptance network and card issuance. As a result, the Polish banking sector gained advantages of backwardness in the scope of migration to the EMV standard, becoming the leader of this innovation in Europe

The article presents the current state of development of the payment card market in Poland, taking into account both their issuance for consumers and the network of card acceptance among enterprises. The risk of development barriers in these two areas was rejected, due to the identification of market factors and public programs supporting cashless payments. A forecast for changes in the number of card payments was prepared on the basis of NBP statistics. The results indicated a high growth potential of the use of payment cards to carry cashless payments on the Polish market in a four-year horizon

The aim of the article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the subject of payment instrument costs in the European Union. It presents the basic definitions used in the calculation of payment costs and the unified methodology of the study proposed in the project directed by the European Central Bank. The results of this research showed that despite a large share in total social costs, cash has the lowest unit costs of payment. However, with the increase in the number of elec-tronic transactions, their social cost is falling, and in countries with a large use of debit cards they are the cheapest method of payments. This suggests the legitimacy of promoting the development of non-cash transactions.

The aim of this study was to determine the possibilities of lunching in Poland two main payment solutions based on mobile technologies: mobile payments and mobile payment terminals mPOS. A definition of the mPOS concept was proposed and the main characteristics of both solutions based on mobile technologies for retail payments at POS were identified. The analysis is based on the results of the author’s own survey, including a nationwide representative sample of 1,140 merchants operating in 19 industries. The obtained results allowed for establishing the level of interest in these innovations among retailers, taking into account a number of determinants, such as: the industry sector, company size and the fact of accepting payment cards. The market context and the impact of the network externalities were considered. The main barriers to implementation of mobile payments and mPOS by merchants were identified, and synergies occurring between these solutions were characterized. The recommendations regarding strategies for the implementation of mobile technologies on the Polish retail payments market were formulated in the paper..

The aim of this article is to examine the factors influencing the interest in using mobile payments by Polish consumers. The diversity of mobile payments markets in the world was presented, considering different trends in developing countries and highly developed ones. As a starting point of the study, the classic Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was adopted. The authors adapted TAM to the conditions of the payment market. Statistical verification was carried out using structural equation modeling, on the basis of the survey on a representative sample of Polish society. The results bring an important indication for the requirements that should be met by the mobile payment system to achieve broad interest of consumers, and suggest the choice of the target group.

Vehicles moving across the railway are exposed to the dynamic reaction of unevenness of surface on those level crossing. This significantly influences on the increase of the acceleration as well as forces values transferred to the body of the car. These values depend to extent on the geometric parameters of level crossing as well as on the characteristics of the car tires and suspension. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a small delivery vehicle crossing selected level crossings with a diversified geometric cross-section structure.

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie polskiego rynku bankowości detalicznej pod względem wykorzystania poszczególnych zdalnych elektronicznych kanałów dystrybucji oraz określenie perspektyw ich rozwoju. Przeprowadzono analizę na podstawie danych statystycznych, a także dokonano oceny potencjału zastosowania wybranych innowacji i rozwiązań technologicznych. Bankowość internetowa jest od kilku lat dominującym elektronicznym kanałem dystrybucji usług bankowych, a jej pozycja nadal systematycznie wzrasta. Rozwiązania oparte na systemach Home/PC banking są stopniowo wypierane z rynku polskiego. Perspektywicznym i dynamicznie rozwijającym się kanałem jest bankowość mobilna, z której może już skorzystać zdecydowana większość posiadaczy kont bankowych w Polsce. Ważnym wyzwaniem dla banków jest skłonienie klientów do wykorzystania bankowości mobilnej nie tylko do celów informacyjnych, ale także do realizacji transakcji płatniczych i zakupu usług.

Wprowadzenie: Atopowe zapalenie skóry (AZS) jest często występującą,przewlekłą chorobą zapalną, w której stwierdza się liczne nieprawidłowościimmunologiczne, m.in.: wysokie stężenie IgE, nadmierną aktywnośćkomórek Langerhansa (KL) oraz zwiększoną ekspresję receptoraCD23. Komórki Langerhansa są komórkami dendrytycznymi pochodzeniaszpikowego. Stanowią one 3–8% wszystkich komórek naskórka,a u osób z chorobami alergicznymi jest ich znacznie więcej. Komórki Langerhansasą zdolne wychwytywać antygeny egzogenne, takie jak haptenyczy antygeny wirusowe, przetwarzać je i prezentować limfocytom T.Komórki Langerhansa na swojej powierzchni mają antygeny HLA-DR,antygen CD4, receptory FcεRIα i CD23, receptory dla przeciwciała IgEi CD1a, a także cząs teczki kostymulujące CD 80/B7-1, CD 86/B7-2. Cel pracy: Ustalenie liczby i cech morfologicznych komórek Langerhansaw naskórku chorych na AZS przy użyciu przeciwciał przeciwantygenom CD1a i HLA-DR w porównaniu z osobami zdrowymi orazoznaczenie receptorów powierzchniowych FcεRIα, CD4, CD23,CD80/B7-1, CD86/B7-2, IgE. Materiał i metodyka: Przebadano 18 wycinków pochodzących od osóbchorych na atopowe zapalenie skóry. Próbę kontrolną stanowiły wycinkiod 10 zdrowych osób pobrane z pośladków lub z grzbietu ręki. Biopsjęu osób chorych pobierano ze zmian chorobowych. Markery KL (CD1a,HLA-DR, FcεRIα, CD4, CD23, CD80/B7-1, CD86/B7-2, IgE) wykrywano,stosując podwójne barwienie immunofluorescencyjne. Wyniki: U pacjentów z AZS stwierdzono w naskórku znacznie więcejKL CD1a+ niż u zdrowych. Wygląd KL w naskórku różnił się u osóbchorych i zdrowych. W naskórku chorych na powierzchni KL stwierdzonoobecność wszystkich badanych receptorów, a u zdrowych tylkoCD1a, HLA-DR, FcεRIα. Wnioski: Rola KL zależy od obecności receptorów na ich powierzchni,a ich morfologia w naskórku osób chorych na AZS i w naskórku osóbzdrowych znacznie się różni. Bardzo duża liczba KL w naskórkuchorych na AZS świadczy o stanie zapalnym.

The aim of this study was to analyze polymorphism C– 512T in the IGF-1 gene in relation to milk production traits in Polish Red-and-White cattle. Traits analyzed were: milk yield, content of fat, protein, lactose, dry matter and somatic cell count. Polymorphism analysis showed presence of 2 alleles in the investigated herd with frequency C – 0.51, T – 0.49. Association analysis showed that cows with CC and CT genotypes are characterized by higher milk yield in the second lactation comparing to those with TT genotype. Moreover, CC genotype was favorable for somatic cell count.

The aim of the experiment was to detect polymorphism in the GPX5 gene and to determine associations between individual genotypes and selenium concentration in liver and kidney of wild boars from West Pomerania province in Poland. The polymorphism in GPX5 gene was detected using the PCR-RFLP method with specific primers and the restriction enzyme HinfI. Two different alleles of the GPX5 gene were identified - allele 1B (0.37) and 2B (0.63). The relationships between the GPX5 genotypes and concentrations of selenium in liver and kidney were analyzed, revealing statistically significant (P≤0.05) differences between wild boars carrying different GPX5 genotypes in both genders. Obtained results indicated that wild boars with the 2B2B genotype had the highest selenium concentration in livers and kidneys compared to 1B1B and 1B2B animals and these differences were statistically significant (P≤0.05).

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie polskiego rynku bankowości detalicznej pod względem wykorzystania poszczególnych zdalnych elektronicznych kanałów dystrybucji oraz określenie perspektyw ich rozwoju. Przeprowadzono analizę na podstawie danych statystycznych, a także dokonano oceny potencjału zastosowania wybranych innowacji i rozwiązań technologicznych. Bankowość internetowa jest od kilku lat dominującym elektronicznym kanałem dystrybucji usług bankowych, a jej pozycja nadal systematycznie wzrasta. Rozwiązania oparte na systemach Home/PC banking są stopniowo wypierane z rynku polskiego. Perspektywicznym i dynamicznie rozwijającym się kanałem jest bankowość mobilna, z której może już skorzystać zdecydowana większość posiadaczy kont bankowych w Polsce. Ważnym wyzwaniem dla banków jest skłonienie klientów do wykorzystania bankowości mobilnej nie tylko do celów informacyjnych, ale także do realizacji transakcji płatniczych i zakupu usług.

ABSTRACT Earlier studies have shown that insertion/deletion polymorphism (g.20311_20312ins291) in vertnin (VRTN) gene is associated with number of vertebrate in pigs. Because vertebral number determines the size of important meat cuts and influences carcass conformation, the aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between VRTN gene polymorphism and growth, slaughter and pork quality traits including texture parameters. Investigations were carried out on 526 pigs represented three breeds: Polish Landrace, Polish Large White and Puławska. VRTN gene polymorphism was determined by PCR methodology. Association study was performed for each breed separately. It was demonstrated that the analyzed polymorphism had significant influence on several economically important porcine traits. Among growth traits VRTN genotypes were associated with test and lifetime daily gains, number of days on test (p≤0.05) and age of slaughter (p≤0.01, p≤0.05). For carcass parameters, relationships were noticed for carcass yield (p≤0.01), weight of loin and its area, average backfat thickness and weight of primary cuts (p≤0.05). Taking into consideration meat quality, VRTN polymorphism influenced intramuscular fat content, meat colour (yellowness) and pH24 (p≤0.05). For texture parameters, it was correlated with toughness, cohesiveness, chewiness (p≤0.01, p≤0.05) and firmness (p≤0.05) measured in M. longissimus dorsi and M. semimembranosus. Only intramuscular fat content, chewiness of ham, carcass yield and cohesiveness of loin showed unequivocal tendency. In case of the first trait, each breed Wt/Wt genotype was associated with its highest values (p≤0.05), while the second and third traits, Q/Q genotype was correlated with its lowest values (p≤0.01, p≤0.05). Highest loin cohesiveness was observed in animals with Wt/Q genotype (p≤0.01, p≤0.05).