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The article presents the contemporary views of the role of aldosterone in the progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. It addresses matters related to the efficacy and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease at various stages including terminal renal failure, dialysis therapy, and kidney transplantation.

The review discusses the role of fibroblast growth factor type 23 (FGF-23) in progression of renal dysfunction and its cardiovascular effects, calcium-phosphorus metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Differences in the FGF-23 effects at predialysis stage of chronic kidney disease, in dialysis patients and renal allograft recipients are analyzed.

The article covers the problem of urinary tract infections, which are the most common infectious diseases in children. The authors analyze etiology, pathogenesis, classification and clinical and diagnostic approaches to such patients. The modern methods of treatment are described in the article.t.