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Abstract The dataset presents a 43 year-long reanalysis of pollen seasons for three major allergenic genera of trees in Europe: alder (Alnus), birch (Betula), and olive (Olea). Driven by the meteorological reanalysis ERA5, the atmospheric composition model SILAM predicted the flowering period and calculated the Europe-wide dispersion pattern of pollen for the years 1980–2022. The model applied an extended 4-dimensional variational data assimilation of in-situ observations of aerobiological networks in 34 European countries to reproduce the inter-annual variability and trends of pollen production and distribution. The control variable of the assimilation procedure was the total pollen release during each flowering season, implemented as an annual correction factor to the mean pollen production. The dataset was designed as an input to studies on climate-induced and anthropogenically driven changes in the European vegetation, biodiversity monitoring, bioaerosol modelling and assessment, as well as, in combination with intra-seasonal observations, for health-related applications.

Agricultural price fluctuations impact the economy and society, highlighting the importance of price stability for sustainable development, poverty alleviation, food security, and economic stability. This issue is particularly pronounced in the cocoa industry, where volatile prices and inefficient supply chains often harm the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. This study aimed to develop a mitigation plan to address cocoa price volatility at the farm level. The study was conducted in Tubbi Taramanu Sub-district, Polewali Mandar District, Indonesia. Through the innovative use of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), the key elements are delineated in their hierarchical relationships and categorized into four quadrants: autonomous, independent, dependent, and linkage, to formulate a strategy for stabilizing cocoa prices at the farm level. This research’s findings underscored the importance of reducing farmers’ dependency on middlemen as the primary strategy for mitigating fluctuations in cocoa bean prices at the farm level. This approach is particularly vital due to the excessive reliance on middlemen, a key driver of price instability at the farm level. Furthermore, it is evident that promoting and nurturing cooperation between farmers and cocoa industry stakeholders can prove highly effective and significant when fortified by the local government’s support through the implementation of appropriate public policies.

Contract farming is widely recognised as an empowering tool to improve the welfare of farmers in developing countries and as an institutional solution to address issues related to market failure, credit, insurance, and information. This research endeavours to scrutinise the socio-economic distinctions between farmers engaged in contract farming and those not involved in such agreements. Additionally, it seeks to identify the factors influencing farmers’ participation in contract farming schemes and assess the impact of such arrangements on the income of red chilli farmers. The study, conducted in Magelang District, included 40 respondents from contract farmers and 45 from non-contract farmers. Employing the probit model, the ordinary least square model, and the treatment effect by Heckman, the research aimed to estimate the income impacts of existing contract farming. The findings revealed a noteworthy 57.50% increase in farmers’ incomes attributed to enhanced productivity and effective product management within the context of contract farming. Moreover, contracted farmers demonstrated advanced socio-economic conditions, boasting higher levels of education, knowledge, productivity, and agricultural assets compared to their non-contracted counterparts.

Maize is a significant food crop in Indonesia’s agricultural development endeavors. In South Sulawesi Province, Bantaeng Regency is one of the regencies that developed corn farming with a large land area. This study aimed to examine the impact of input application on maize yield and assess the degree of efficiency and inefficiency in maize farming. The study was conducted in Bantaeng Regency, utilizing a sample size of 180 households engaged in maize farming as the primary data collection method. The data collected was analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Cobb-Douglas Model, Technical Efficiency Analysis, Allocative Efficiency Analysis, Economic Efficiency Analysis, and Inefficiency Model. The findings indicated that the variables of land area, seed application, urea fertilizer, insecticide, and herbicide exhibited a significant positive impact on yields of maize. Conversely, the variable of NPK fertilizer had a significant negative impact. In the meantime, it is observed that the labor variable demonstrates a negative impact. The observed values in technical (0.544), allocative (1.840), and economic (1.001) suggest that maize cultivation has not attained technical, allocative, or economic efficiency. Meanwhile, it was also found that the variables significant positive to the technical inefficiency of maize farming are farming experience and education level. Therefore, in a short-term perspective, from a technical-managerial perspective, expanding the area of land under management, increasing the volume of seeds, urea fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides to the optimum use is the right choice and an effective way for farmers to increase maize production. On the local government side, reviewing the price of certified seeds, subsidizing the price of maize seeds, ensuring the availability of urea and NPK fertilizers, insecticides, and herbicides, and intensifying extension activities and technical guidance on maize cultivation are alternative agricultural policies that the government can implement to support the efficiency and effectiveness of maize farming management.

Abstract Infectious diseases can cause considerable mortality in vertebrate populations, especially when a new pathogen emerges. Quantifying the impact of diseases on wild populations and dissecting the underlying mechanisms requires longitudinal individual monitoring combining demographic and epidemiologic data. Such longitudinal population studies are rare. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is one of the main causes of the decline in European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations. A new genotype of RHD virus (RHDV), called RHDV2 or GI.2, emerged in 2010, posing a new threat to previously weakened populations, particularly as this virus can infect individuals already immune to classical RHDV strains. Taking advantage of intensive monitoring from 2009 to 2014 by physical captures and microchip detections of a semi‐captive population of rabbits, we finely assessed the demographic impact of an initial RHDV2 outbreak that occurred in the population and identified the most affected demographic parameters. A multi‐event modeling analysis revealed decreased survival in both juveniles and adults in 2011 and 2012, suggesting an RHDV2 outbreak for two consecutive years. The short‐term survival benefit of vaccination against classical RHDV strains only during these years, and the recovery of carcasses with RHDV2 detection, supported this hypothesis. Variations in population vaccination coverage also explain the difference in adult survival between the two years of the outbreak. And the transient protective effect of vaccination could explain the prolonged duration of the outbreak. A brief episode of myxomatosis in 2011 seems to have had only a limited impact on the population. During outbreak years, in individuals not recently vaccinated, monthly juvenile survival crashed (0.55), and annual adult survival was three times lower than in normal years (0.21 vs. 0.69). The combination of successive juvenile and adult survival estimates for unvaccinated rabbits during the outbreak years resulted in a very low recruitment rate in the breeding population. Finally, RHDV2 outbreaks appear to have caused mortalities comparable to those caused by older classical RHDV strains and may have a strong demographic impact on wild populations of European rabbit. This work highlights the importance of long‐term observational and experimental studies to better understand the impact of epidemics on animal populations.

ABSTRACT Peru holds a high mammalian diversity in its Amazonian region, with 326 species. However, our knowledge about the actual diversity is still considered incomplete, and the molecular information for those species in genetic databases is even less comprehensive. To assess the availability of genetic information for Peruvian Amazonian mammals relative to known diversity, we surveyed the Amazonian mammals with at least one molecular marker in the most widely used repositories for nucleotide sequences, GenBank and BOLD Systems. Our survey focused on widely used molecular markers in evolutionary biology-cytochrome b [cyt-b], cytochrome oxidase I [COI], 12S ribosomal RNA [12S], and the mitogenome [mit]-derived from Peruvian Amazon mammals. Additionally, to gain insights into the current mammalian sampling effort in Peruvian Amazonia, we generated a map of unique sampling localities and a heat map, utilizing 41951 records, which identified six major information gaps. This comprehensive analysis found 1597 genetic sequences corresponding to 180 mammalian species (55.2% of Peruvian Amazonian species): COI (38 species), cyt-b (167 species), 12S (56 species), and mitogenome (16 species). Taxonomically, Rodentia (53 species, four markers), Chiroptera (63 species, three markers), and Didelphimorphia (27 species, four markers) represented most molecular data, with a concentration of molecular markers in the orders Chiroptera (703) and Rodentia (499). Geographically, the Loreto department has the largest genetic information (530 records, 99 species). These results confirm a worrying underrepresentation of Peruvian Amazonian diversity in molecular databases. Consequently, we advocate for the use of scientific collections as an alternative source to systematically generate genetic information for the Amazonian mammal diversity in Peru to compensate for the current underrepresentation.

Abstract Background As many as 2.4 million Americans are affected by chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the United States.In 2018, the estimated number of adults with a history of HCV infection in San Diego County was 55,354 (95% CI: 25,411–93,329). This corresponded to a seroprevalence of 2.1% (95% CI: 2.1–3.4%). One-third of infections were among PWID. Published research has demonstrated that direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have high efficacy and can now be used by primary care providers to treat HCV. In addition, limited evidence exists to support the effectiveness of simplified algorithms in clinical trial and real-world settings. Even with expanded access to HCV treatment in primary care settings, there are still groups, especially people who inject drugs (PWID) and people experiencing homelessness, who experience treatment disparities due to access and treatment barriers. The current study extends the simplified algorithm with a streetside ‘one-stop-shop’ approach with integrated care (including the offer of buprenorphine prescriptions and abscess care) using a mobile clinic situated adjacent to a syringe service program serving many homeless populations. Rates of HCV treatment initiation and retention will be compared between patients offered HCV care in a mobile clinic adjacent to a syringe services program (SSP) and homeless encampment versus those who are linked to a community clinic’s current practice of usual care, which includes comprehensive patient navigation. Methods A quasi-experimental, prospective, interventional, comparative effectiveness trial with allocation of approximately 200 patients who inject drugs and have chronic HCV to the "simplified care" pathway (intervention group) or the "usual care" pathway (control group). Block randomization will be performed with a 1:1 randomization. Discussion Previous research has demonstrated acceptable outcomes for patients treated using simplified algorithms for DAAs and point-of-care testing in mobile medical clinics; however, there are opportunities to explore how these new, innovative systems of care impact treatment initiation rates or other HCV care cascade outcomes among PWID. Trial registration We have registered our study with ClinicalTrials.gov, a resource of the United States National Library of Medicine. This database contains research studies from United States and other countries around the world. Our study has not been previously published. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT04741750.

Through a project undertaken under a programme funded by United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) called Transforming Education for Sustainable Futures (TESF), alternative learning approaches associated with the introduction of a form of vertical farming called ‘tower gardens’ at primary schools were explored. Methods that were new to the local education context were used to support the learning process, for example role-playing sketches that allowed learners to share their own knowledge about gardening activities with their peers, teachers and staff from the non-governmental organisation that facilitated the process. This collective sharing and recall were key elements of the social learning process, building into individual and group knowledge. Corroborated memory recall contributed to group learning and also built into the collective storage of knowledge. Learning was firmly embedded in social interaction, in collective symbolism and arts – music specifically. These forms of learning and storing of knowledge resonated with the learners as it was a continuation of life as they know it in their community. It became clear from the project that educators saw the value of introducing concepts from classroom subjects when constructing and managing the tower gardens and were pleasantly surprised by the responses of the learners to this new way of learning, suggesting that creating scope within the curriculum and schoolwork plan is necessary in tandem with building the required capacity to replicate this without external support.

Currently, two-level Mokken scale analysis for clustered test data is being developed. This paper contributes to this development by providing model-fit procedures for two-level Mokken scale analysis. New theoretical insights suggested that the existing model-fit procedure from traditional (one-level) Mokken scale analyses can be used for investigating model fit at both level 1 (respondent level) and level 2 (cluster level) of two-level Mokken scale analysis. However, the traditional model-fit procedure requires some modifications before it can be used at level 2. In this paper, we made these modifications and investigated the resulting model-fit procedure. For two model assumptions, monotonicity and invariant item ordering, we investigated the false-positive count and the sensitivity count of the level 2 model-fit procedure, with respect to the number of model violations detected, and the number of detected model violations deemed statistically significant. For monotonicity, the detection of model violations was satisfactory, but the significance test lacked power. For invariant item ordering, both aspects were satisfactory.

Abstract Background Nursing homes (NHs) have been particularly affected by COVID-19. The aim of this study is to estimate the burden of COVID-19 and to investigate factors associated with mortality during the first epidemic wave in a large French NHs network. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in September-October 2020. 290 NHs were asked to complete an online questionnaire covering the first epidemic wave on facilities and resident characteristics, number of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 deaths, and preventive/control measures taken at the facility level. Data were crosschecked using routinely collected administrative data on the facilities. The statistical unit of the study was the NH. Overall COVID-19 mortality rate was estimated. Factors associated with COVID-19 mortality were investigated using a multivariable multinomial logistic regression. The outcome was classified in 3 categories: “no COVID-19 death in a given NH”, occurrence of an “episode of concern” (at least 10% of the residents died from COVID-19), occurrence of a “moderate episode” (deaths of COVID-19, less than 10% of the residents). Results Of the 192 (66%) participating NHs, 28 (15%) were classified as having an “episode of concern”. In the multinomial logistic regression, moderate epidemic magnitude in the NHs county (adjusted OR = 9.3; 95%CI=[2.6–33.3]), high number of healthcare and housekeeping staff (aOR = 3.7 [1.2–11.4]) and presence of an Alzheimer’s unit (aOR = 0.2 [0.07–0.7]) were significantly associated with an “episode of concern”. Conclusions We found a significant association between the occurrence of an “episode of concern” in a NH and some of its organizational characteristics and the epidemic magnitude in the area. These results can be used to improve the epidemic preparedness of NHs, particularly regarding the organization of NHs in small units with dedicated staff. Brief summary Factors associated with COVID-19 mortality and preventive measures taken in nursing homes in France during the first epidemic wave.

Schools of business aim to help students develop employer-valued skills, which include communication, teamwork, critical thinking, and application of learning. This can be achieved through team assignments and community-based learning. Such approaches help students apply the concepts they are learning, collaborate with others, develop managerial skills, and solve real-life workplace issues. Teamwork is commonly thought to be enhanced when students establish a team charter outlining their goals, norms, and processes. Research on the value of team charters in business education, however, is limited. This study examined the role of team charters on student perceptions of working well together. Data was collected and analyzed from a mid-term team evaluation and a final team charter assessment. Findings indicated that perceived value of team charters differs across the year in school and tends to be higher for less experienced students. The provision of a structured project roadmap clarified team member roles, responsibilities, personal accountability, and team vision.

Road traffic related death and injury continues to be a major challenge globally. Unsafe road use is particularly evident in low- and middle-income countries while also being a growing concern for private sector organisations. The Safe System approach is recognized internationally as the leading approach to improving road safety and previous work has codified the essential management functions and interventions evident in its successful implementation. Tracking the development of Safe System adoption within the public and private sectors is of interest for several reasons. This paper presents recent development and use of road safety maturity frameworks and discusses the utility of these approaches for road safety practitioners and researchers.

El aprendizaje del inglés, por su importancia desde el punto de vista cultural y su utilidad en la materialización de las más diversas relaciones que se establecen a nivel mundial, es una prioridad, por ello el presente artículo tiene como objetivo profundizar conceptualmente en la utilización de las tecnologías y las clases online, para desarrollar una propuesta que contribuya de una forma amena, motivadora y actualizada a la comunicación en idioma inglés. Fueron utilizados diferentes métodos, como el análisis, la síntesis, la revisión de documentos, observación, entrevistas, que permitieron arribar a conclusiones como la necesidad de estructuración de un proceso que atienda al aprendizaje del idioma inglés desde una perspectiva integral, con el soporte de las nuevas tecnologías y las clases online, para lograr una lógica en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la expresión oral y al contexto, ideal para recibir y ofrecer ayudas y transitar gradualmente hacia una independencia lingüística y comunicativa.

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui sistem pembelajaran dalam pengembangan karakter peserta didik di SDN 7 LAWANG. Pendidikan di sekolah sampai saat ini masih dipercaya sebagai media yang sangat ampuh dalam membangun kecerdasan, keterampilan dan kepribadian peserta didik. Sekolah merupakan suatu tempat yang mengelola dan menyelenggarakan kegiatan belajar yang memiliki konsistensi intensitas dan berkesinambungan agar transformasi ilmu menjadi tuntas, mengembangkan keperibadian dan karakter disekolah yang intensif merupakan usaha untuk membangkitkan dan meningkatkan kegiatan belajar secara efektif dalam menanamkan nilai dan karakter kepada setiap siswa. Pendekatan yang dapat diterapkan di sekolah dasar antara lain sebagai berikut: (1) Model Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), (2) Pendekatan Kontruktivisme, (3) Pendekatan Religi.

Abstract Effective wildlife monitoring and management are reliant on unbiased estimators of population parameters. Most standard survey approaches ignore spatial pattern in the data although spatial relationships can be leveraged to produce more efficient designs for future surveys, thereby reducing project cost. Landscape‐scale surveys for brown bears are notoriously expensive and difficult to complete, leading to the development of a non‐invasive mark–resight aerial survey approach as a practical alternative to more commonly employed approaches for estimating brown bear density across large areas. Here we extend that model to accommodate spatial covariate information and explicitly model residual spatial autocorrelation. Using brown bear survey data from northwestern Alaska, USA from 2015 to 2021, we demonstrate how our extension can be useful in exploring ecological factors related to spatial variation in bear density and detection probability. We found that detection probability was higher in more rugged terrain, and occurrence probability was higher at mid‐elevations where denning habitat was more prevalent and in areas with more salmon streams. The descriptive model of residual autocorrelation confirmed that additional unmeasured factors were associated with bear distribution. While these findings were not unexpected, they are very useful when considering future survey effort. Using this information, we explored a hypothetical redesign of the 2021 brown bear survey that removed 50% of the survey subunits with elevation values below the mean, where bears were least likely to occur. We demonstrated that the resulting estimates were unbiased, suggesting that adopting the spatial approach to analysis could reduce overall project costs by ~20%–30% going forward. Overall, our work indicates that directly accounting for spatial pattern within the non‐invasive mark–resight framework has substantive advantages over the original non‐spatial approach and may be useful in increasing the amount of information available for brown bear populations.

The objective of this article was to analyze the credit activity of the Popular and Solidarity Financial Sector of Ecuador in the first five-month period of 2021, according to the data generated by the Superintendency of Popular and Solidarity Economy with cuts to the months of January, February, March, April, and May of the same year. The figures of the loan portfolio by the segment of the popular and solidarity financial sector, by economic activity, as well as the distribution of the loan portfolio by segment, type of credit, sex, age range, and level of education were identified and analyzed, which made it possible to know the performance of the credit portfolio in this sector during the time analyzed.

This article presents initial results from excavations at Maritime Academy, Frindsbury, which produced several handaxes, two of which can be classed as 'giant handaxes'. Artefacts were recovered from fluvial deposits in the Medway Valley and are thought to date from the Marine Isotope Stage 9 interglacial. This article focuses on the largest of these handaxes and presents metrical data for the artefact and initial comparison with similar artefacts from the British Palaeolithic.

Secondary lesions and hemopathy localized in sternal bone may be responsible for persistent pain and resistant to classical analgesics. Surgical treatment is not applicable in these cases. We report on 2 cases of sternal osteosynthesis by internal cemented screw fixation, under fluoroscopy and CT scan control, without complication and with clear, immediate reduction of pain. Cementoplasty alone does not appear to be the most appropriate approach for treating lytic sternal lesions which are subject to traction and distraction forces, and resistant to analgesics. Discussion of these 2 cases demonstrate that internal cemented screw fixation allows for rapid management of pain in lytic lesions of the sternum in cancer-related context and should be more widespread in the medical community.

La dinámica escolar ha dependido del sector económico garantizando que el conocimiento circule, en la escuela, de manera homogénea, al ocultar sistemáticamente, las epistemes afrocolombianas que el Movimiento Social Afro ha protegido. De hecho, los planes de desarrollo definen el horizonte institucional al que se ve sujeto toda la ciudadanía, poniendo en tensión a las comunidades, sin tener en cuenta su concepción de desarrollo. El presente artículo, producto de una investigación en curso, visibiliza que a partir de la expedición de la Ley Páez se consolidó el modelo económico generando transformaciones de las concepciones educativas y curriculares causando impedimento para garantizar el respeto a la integridad étnica, cultural, ambiental, territorial y política, de las comunidades afronortecaucanas.

Improved forest management (IFM) has the potential to remove and store large quantities of carbon from the atmosphere. Around the world, 293 IFM offset projects have produced 11% of offset credits by voluntary offset registries to date, channeling substantial climate mitigation funds into forest management projects. This paper summarizes the state of the scientific literature for key carbon offset quality criteria—additionality, baselines, leakage, durability, and forest carbon accounting—and discusses how well currently used IFM protocols align with this literature. Our analysis identifies important areas where the protocols deviate from scientific understanding related to baselines, leakage, risk of reversal, and the accounting of carbon in forests and harvested wood products, risking significant over-estimation of carbon offset credits. We recommend specific improvements to the protocols that would likely result in more accurate estimates of program impact, and identify areas in need of more research. Most importantly, more conservative baselines can substantially reduce, but not resolve, over-crediting risk from multiple factors.

Calobota sericea is being evaluated as a forage for drought stressed areas. The nutritional quality of C. sericea from native populations are poor, and this is believed to be due to poor soil fertility. Therefore, a greenhouse trial was established to determine the impact of N-fertilization level (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) on the growth and nutritional quality of C. sericea plants. Three-month-old plants were harvested and the root and shoot length, as well as branching intensity on each plant determined. Thereafter, the shoots were separated into leaves and stems and all plant parts were oven dried for dry mass determination. After weighing, the leaves and stems for each plant were combined and the dried shoots used for nutrient determination. Results indicated that increased N application levels is positively correlated with improved C. sericea growth. Similarly, mineral nutrient uptake increased significantly under all the N-fertilization treatments and crude protein content increased from 9.6% to 18.6%. Plant growth was only statistically significantly (p

Financial support is a critical enabling factor for healthy agri-food innovation systems, particularly within resource-limited settings, though additional forms of support are also necessary. This motivated a critical comparative review of evidence in peer-reviewed and gray literature on the range of instruments that support innovation in agri-food systems in the Global South, toward achieving sustainable agriculture intensification. The main aim is to provide recommendations to innovation managers on the choice of different instruments for supporting innovation. The key guiding questions for the comparative analysis were whether the instrument fosters uptake of innovation and whether it promotes inclusive development. A review of the literature was supplemented with a scan of websites for sources of peer-reviewed and gray literature documenting the application of the 12 selected instruments. The study revealed three categories of instruments: (Type A) those that support entrepreneurship; (Type B) those that primarily finance innovation; and (Type C) those that support innovation in real-life contexts. Our analysis indicates that innovation managers and funders need to select instruments that are likely to fit the specific context as well as to address the mandates of their organizations, and in so doing, they must consider how to ensure the sustainability of their investments and meet the needs of their beneficiaries. This review represents one of a handful that have compared the use of multiple instruments across multiple continents in the Global South, and can serve as an important decision-making tool for investors and funders looking to invest in agri-food innovation systems.

This study aims to count the transaction costs on farms of hybrid corn of dry seeds and analyze the factors that the transaction costs affect on farms of hybrid corn of dry seeds at through UPJ. This research was conducted in the Gorontalo province with samples in Gorontalo disctrict and Boalemo and using ekononometric equation analysis as a method of analysis. The results showed that the value of the average transaction costs on farm of hybrid corn of dry seed sales amounted to Rp1.545.466,- per transaction on per farming, and the factors that affect significantly the fault tolerance of 5 percent to the transaction cost on farms of hybrid corn of dry seeds sales consist of the total production, regional market prices, technical labor wages, commissions and degradation rate. The conclusions in this study stated that the total transaction costs incurred the hybrid maize of dry seeds farmers on sales is still high enough to reduce farm income and the factors that the transaction cost affect on sales of hybrid corn of dry seeds significantly includes the total production, regional market prices, technical labor wages, commissions and degradation rate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung biaya transaksi usahatani jagung hibrida pipilan kering dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya transaksi usahatani jagung hibrida pipilan kering melalui penjualan ke UPJ. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Provinsi Gorontalo dengan sampel kabupaten Gorontalo dan kabupaten Boalemo dengan menggunakan analisis persamaan ekononometrika sebagai metode analisisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besaran biaya transaksi ratarata penjualan jagung hibrida pipilan kering sebesar Rp1.545.466,- per transaksi per usahatani, serta terdapat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi secara signifikan pada toleransi kesalahan 5 persen terhadap biaya transaksi penjualan jagung pipilan kering yang meliputi total produksi, harga pasar regional, upah tenaga teknis, komisi dan nilai degradasi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa total biaya transaksi yang dikeluarkan petani atas penjualan jagung pipilan kering masih cukup tinggi sehingga memperkecil pendapatan usahatani jagung hibrida, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya transaksi penjualan jagung hibrida pipilan kering secara signifikan meliputi total produksi, harga pasar regional, upah tenaga teknis, komisi dan nilai degradasi.

Abstract Monitoring of airborne pollen concentrations provides an important source of information for the globally increasing number of hay fever patients. Airborne pollen is traditionally counted under the microscope, but with the latest developments in image recognition methods, automating this process has become feasible. A challenge that persists, however, is that many pollen grains cannot be distinguished beyond the genus or family level using a microscope. Here, we assess the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to increase taxonomic accuracy for airborne pollen. As a case study we use the nettle family (Urticaceae), which contains two main genera (Urtica and Parietaria) common in European landscapes which pollen cannot be separated by trained specialists. While pollen from Urtica species has very low allergenic relevance, pollen from several species of Parietaria is severely allergenic. We collect pollen from both fresh as well as from herbarium specimens and use these without the often used acetolysis step to train the CNN model. The models show that unacetolyzed Urticaceae pollen grains can be distinguished with > 98% accuracy. We then apply our model on before unseen Urticaceae pollen collected from aerobiological samples and show that the genera can be confidently distinguished, despite the more challenging input images that are often overlain by debris. Our method can also be applied to other pollen families in the future and will thus help to make allergenic pollen monitoring more specific.

Despite data supporting the rapid adoption of telehealth in the delivery of clinical care in North America, the implementation of telehealth visits in clinical research studies has faced critical barriers. These challenges include: (1) variations in state licensure requirements for telehealth; (2) disparities in access to telehealth among disadvantaged populations; (3) lack of consistency among individual Investigational Review Boards (IRBs). Each barrier prevents the systematic conversion of research protocols to include telehealth visits. The Parkinson’s Foundation and members of the Parkinson Study Group submit this Comment to highlight current challenges to implementing telehealth visits for clinical research studies. Our objective is to provide a consensus statement emphasizing the urgent need for regulators to standardize adoption of telehealth practices and to propose recommendations to reduce the burden for implementation in existing research study protocols.

Perú ha sido uno de los países más afectados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Luego de haber sufrido dos olas epidémicas devastadoras, el departamento de emergencia del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins mantuvo como reto la preparación, de forma constante y dinámica, para afrontar una tercera ola que ya azotó a muchos países del mundo. Para esto, el departamento se preparó en todos los ámbitos para contribuir a la reducción del impacto de la enfermedad, garantizando no solo la calidad en la atención, sino también la seguridad del personal de salud, modulando la carga laboral y mental generada por la sobredemanda de la pandemia. De esta manera, el departamento estuvo mejor preparado cuando ocurrió la tercera ola. En conclusión, la preparación constante y dinámica es fundamental para afrontar el aumento de casos; así como también, garantizar la seguridad y bienestar del personal de salud.

El ibis de la puna Plegadis ridgwayi, es una especie de Threskiornithidae que habita humedales andinos y realiza migraciones altitudinales hacia la costa. Datos propios, de GBIF, información bibliográfica y del Censo Neotropical de Aves Acuáticas (1992 a 2015) muestran que el ibis de la puna Plegadis ridgwayi se distribuye en Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Argentina y Chile, con las mayores densidades poblacionales en Perú y Bolivia en siete y tres localidades respectivamente, que acumulan más del 1% de la población biogeográfica. Se encuentran de 0 a 5000 m de altitud, con las mayores densidades entre 3000 a 4500 m y 0 a 500 m. La mayor incidencia de registros ocurre al sur y centro del Perú, así como costa del centro y norte del Perú. La ampliación de la distribución hacia el norte y costa peruana puede deberse a la disponibilidad ambiental y al deterioro de su hábitat andino. En cuatro humedales costeros del centro del Perú se registraron hasta 818 ibis en 2006, la gran mayoría en Pantanos de Villa y Paraíso. El número de migrantes costeros parece relacionado a la intensidad de sequías en la sierra del Perú central. La abundancia de ibis en el lago altoandino de Junín muestra una disminución histórica, con énfasis después de la sequía de 2004-2005. La expansión distribucional requiere investigar la posible hibridación con las otras especies del género antes alopátridas.

El desarrollo del estudio, tuvo como objetivo general; establecer mecanismos para efectivizar el sinceramiento contable en una entidad pública de la Región Norte – Piura 2020, utilizando como metodología descriptiva, no experimental, siendo su población 25 colaboradores, siendo así una muestra no aleatoria, entre las técnicas de recolección de datos se toma la encuesta con la finalidad de analizar el problema. Siendo sus principales conclusiones, que algunas veces con un 72% se forma el comité técnico y con respecto a las políticas consideran tener conocimiento de esta algunas veces con un 48% lo cual se refleja que el cumplimiento del sinceramiento contable se lleva de manera incorrecta, y que por lo tanto se debe de tomar en cuenta cada uno de los lineamientos que se establecen para su inicio de esta. Palabras clave: Eficiencia, transparencia, acciones administrativas, razonabilidad. ABSTRACT The development of the study had as general objective; establish mechanisms to make accounting accounting effective in a public entity in the North Region - Piura 2020, using a descriptive, non-experimental methodology, its population being 25 collaborators, thus being a non-random sample, among the data collection techniques the They surveyed the purpose of analyzing the problem. Being its main conclusions that sometimes with 72% the technical committee is formed and with regard to policies they consider having knowledge of it sometimes with 48% which reflects that compliance with the accounting sincere is carried out incorrectly, and therefore, each of the guidelines established for its initiation must be taken into account. Keywords: Efficiency, transparency, administrative actions, reasonableness.

The purpose this research is to describe Arabic learning based on linguistic intelligence, use of methods on kinesthetic intelligence, and use media on visual and musical intelligence in learning Arabic in "Markaz Arabiyah" course institute in the I'dad and Syarqi awal programs. This research apply a qualitatif design using case study methods. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations and documentation. Then the data analysis technique in this study used the concept of Miles and Huberman who stated that activities in the analysis include data reduction, data display and data verification. The results of this study indicate that: (1) learning Arabic at the Pare Kediri Arabiyah Markaz Course Institute based on linguistic intelligence is speaking, debate, developing vocabulary, istima ’, telling stories, brainstorming, weekly speaking, weekly speeches, compulsory boarding speeches, daily expressions, weekly brainstorming, vocabulary development and language improvement. (2) demonstration as a method of learning Arabic has been used in learning Muhadatsah on the map chapter, playing eat bulaga, playing puppets, on extracurricular activities in dhomir material. (3) pictures and music become a learning media that is suitable for students who have visual intelligence and musical. The media image is used during ta'birat learning, speaking extracurricular activities, eat bulaga games in ta’birat learning and in the drama liqa 'usbu'. While music is used as a learning medium in speaking learning in the syarqi awal program and joint singing activities when liqa'usbu '.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo demostrar la efectividad del software Open Journal Systems en la gestión de revistas y congresos. Se realizó un análisis comparativo desde antes y después del año 2016 hasta la actualidad, tomando como ejemplares revistas de Ecuador donde se utilizó la versión 3.0 de este software de acceso libre, que contaban con la versión antigua 2.4.8.1. Esto constituye actualmente el “boom” donde las revistas digitales se encuentran en las redes de navegación y búsqueda. Este servicio gratuito permite que el proceso de flujo editorial utilizado por los gestores y editores de revistas en línea se lleve a cabo con calidad y optimiza los recursos y el tiempo dedicados a la producción editorial, y brinda a los usuarios facilidades para obtener la información necesaria para que puedan presentar su propuesta, así como leer las publicaciones que se han realizado, independientemente del continente en el que se encuentren. La metodología utilizada fue un análisis documental retrospectivo de carácter experimental, práctico, demostrativo y analítico que permitió interpretar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del software para la gestión de publicaciones científicas. Como resultado, es evidente que estas plataformas de acceso abierto ayudan a las revistas a llevar a cabo un proceso de publicación arbitrado e incluso indexación en línea. Concluyendo que en la actualidad la publicación en revistas digitales da visibilidad a los resultados de las investigaciones científicas que se publican, aspecto muy importante para el desarrollo de la ciencia.

En el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Pantanos de Villa se analizó la preferencia de hábitat de las aves residentes y migratorias en función a la estacionalidad de 211 especies de aves, de las cuales 97 son residentes, 82 migratorias y 32 visitantes ocasionales. De acuerdo con el uso de los hábitats: 80.1% de especies habitan en cualquiera de los hábitats de pantanos, 40.8% en el litoral marino, 37.9% en parques y jardines, 33.2% en pantanos y la playa marina, 34.1% en pantanos y los parques y jardines y 1.0% en la playa arenosa marina y los parques y jardines. La mayor similitud de especies se encuentra entre las que habitan en la zona arbustiva y parques y jardines con 82.3%. La intensidad de las fluctuaciones de la riqueza de especies varía según el hábitat que ocupan con los mayores valores entre marzo y mayo en los espejos de agua (25) y en el litoral marino (24). La gestión de Pantanos de Villa debe priorizar el mantenimiento de la heterogeneidad de hábitats debido a la baja similitud entre varios de ellos y exclusividad de especies para los mismos. La comparación entre las preferencias de hábitat de las aves y las plantas muestra que es necesario tener en cuenta más de un taxón en la toma de decisiones para el manejo y conservación de la biodiversidad de los humedales costeros.

Invasive plants can adversely affect ecosystems and economic costs. Here, the authors quantify the impact of the invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia on seasonal allergies and health costs across Europe, finding that the costs are considerably higher than what previously reported, and estimate also the reduction in the number of patients and health costs that may be obtained with biological control

La investigación que sintetiza este artículo tuvo como objetivo diseñar una estrategia didáctica basada en el diálogo y la narración para mejorar la expresión oral en niñas y niños del nivel preescolar de la Escuela de Educación Fiscal Básica “Dr. Rómulo Romeo Santana Delgado”. Metodológicamente, la investigación se enmarcó en un enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño de investigación acción participativa con base en los principios de Elliot, a través de la acción metódica de comprensión, planeación e implementación. El grupo de estudio fue de veinticinco (25) niños, niñas y una (01) docente de la etapa inicial. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron la observación participante y la entrevista no estructurada aplicada a docentes de la institución. Los resultados de la fase de comprensión develan debilidades en la expresión oral de los niños en relación con el léxico, la verbalización, tono de voz y congruencia de ideas; además, se evidenció un marcado miedo escénico al interactuar en el aula. Durante la planeación se reflexionó colectivamente sobre el valor didáctico del dialogo y la narración para la promoción del lenguaje oral, lo que se comprobó con la aplicación de la estrategia. Se concluye que los niños presentaron cierto nivel de retraso en la adquisición de destrezas para la oratoria y que existen fallas en el proceso de socialización de los párvulos tanto en el hogar como en la escuela. Finalmente, se corroboró en la fase de implementación la efectividad de la estrategia y actividades planificadas.

The Wasur National Park (WNP) includes the Ramsar Site, an important area for global conservation efforts in wetlands. This coastal area also supports the socio-economic activities of local and non-local communities who are highly dependent on natural resources. Conservation efforts in the area are sometimes at odds with the sustainability of local livelihoods and poverty alleviation initiatives for the community. The aim of this study is to describe the sources of community livelihoods in the Wasur Naukenjerai National Park area, specifically around agricultural, fisheries, and sand mining dynamics. Using a qualitative research design, this study uses a field survey to collect primary data sourced from key informants with in-depth interviews from 15 community respondents in three sample villages on the coast, and seven key informants from relevant government agencies. The results show that the main livelihood source for people in the protected area are as fishermen and farmers. Sand mining has emerged as an alternative source of livelihood but has caused degradation of beaches and land in the Wasur National Park area. In addition, there are activities of buying and selling agricultural land in protected areas. The protection of the rights of the community in the area and government support programs have been unable to guarantee the welfare of the community. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen and further support local institutions livelihoods to ensure the sustainability of Wasur National Park area management.

The Wasur National Park (WNP) includes the Ramsar Site, an important area for global conservation efforts in wetlands. This coastal area also supports the socio-economic activities of local and non-local communities who are highly dependent on natural resources. Conservation efforts in the area are sometimes at odds with the sustainability of local livelihoods and poverty alleviation initiatives for the community. The aim of this study is to describe the sources of community livelihoods in the Wasur Naukenjerai National Park area, specifically around agricultural, fisheries, and sand mining dynamics. Using a qualitative research design, this study uses a field survey to collect primary data sourced from key informants with in-depth interviews from 15 community respondents in three sample villages on the coast, and seven key informants from relevant government agencies. The results show that the main livelihood source for people in the protected area are as fishermen and farmers. Sand mining has emerged as an alternative source of livelihood but has caused degradation of beaches and land in the Wasur National Park area. In addition, there are activities of buying and selling agricultural land in protected areas. The protection of the rights of the community in the area and government support programs have been unable to guarantee the welfare of the community. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen and further support local institutions livelihoods to ensure the sustainability of Wasur National Park area management.

Having a growth mindset has been hailed as one of the most critical advancements in understanding students’ motivation in recent years. The attention on the growth mindset indicates an increased surge in the public’s interest in using evidence-based intervention models to facilitate learning. Because the positive benefits of growth mindsets are apparent, changing ones’ mindset becomes the core focus of growth mindset literature. But aside from “changing” students’ mindsets, finding the right kind of psychological interventions that leverage student’s growth or fixed mindset with sustainable improvement for students can be as, if not more important. The current study seeks to fill this research gap. Our first study indicated that learners with a relatively high growth mindset benefit from a self-reflection learning strategy. However, this very same self-reflection strategy can harm the learning benefits for those learners with a fixed mindset. The second study used experimental manipulation to show that learners with a growth mindset can enhance their learning process and outcomes from self-reflection strategies. In contrast, learners with a fixed mindset can improve their learning process and result from self-compassion strategies. The current study identified two distinct psychological mechanisms – self-reflection and self-compassion and linked them with mindsets with the learning process and learning outcomes. It also demonstrates how learners with growth and fixed mindsets can directly benefit from these two psychological mechanisms in an experimental design.

Presentamos una lista actualizada de las especies de aves del departamento de Loreto. La lista está basada en la revisión de ejemplares de colecciones científicas, registros históricos, publicaciones y observaciones de campo. Reportamos 1040 especies de aves para Loreto, 72 de ellas en alguna categoría de amenaza, 72 migratorias y 13 endémicas de Perú. Percnostola arenarum, Pithys castaneus y Polioptila clementsi son endémicas de Loreto. Las familias con mayor número de especies son Tyrannidae, Thamnophilidae y Thraupidae. La lista presentada tiene alta confiabilidad debido al respaldo de cerca del 81% de las especies en especímenes de colecciones científicas y apenas el 1.5% solo por reportes de avistamientos realizados por ornitólogos. Las especies de aves de Loreto representan alrededor del 55% del total reportado para el Perú y en Passeriformes el 52% de los estimado para la Amazonía. La distribución de los registros muestra que es necesario explorar áreas cercanas a las fronteras con Colombia y Brasil, así como las cordilleras que comparten con Amazonas y San Martín. En base a la distribución de la avifauna amenazada y endémica se propone priorizar el estudio y protección de áreas montanas y de bosques de arena blanca en particular.

En 1542 Orellana llega al Amazonas e inicia una historia de exploración continua de Loreto. Sin embargo, los estudios de las aves de este departamento recién empiezan en el siglo XIX con las exploraciones de Johann Baptist von Spix, Johann Jakob Von Tschudi, Francis-Louis de Castelnau, Emile Deville, Edward Bartlett, John Hauxwell y Henry Walter Bates quienes colectan para museos europeos y estadounidenses. En 1850 llega Antonio Raimondi al Perú incorporándose a la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos e iniciando los estudios nacionales de aves loretanas en 1859 y 1869. Raimondi colaboró activamente con Władysław Taczanowski, asistidos por Konstanty Jelski y Jan Stolzmann, cuyas colectas en Loreto fueran usadas en Ornithologie du Pérou, primer tratado de la avifauna peruana, conservándose algunos especímenes en el Museo de Historia Natural de la UNMSM (MHN). A inicios del siglo XX, Malcolm Anderson y Wilfred Osgood y posteriormente los hermanos Olalla colectaron para museos estadounidenses, marcando el inicio del predominio norteamericano en la ornitología en Perú. El investigador peruano Javier Ortiz de la Puente, primer jefe de la Sección Aves del MHN, realizó colectas en Loreto en 1948 y 1952, antes de su prematura muerte. María Koepcke, siguiente responsable de la Sección Aves del MHN, colecta en Pacaya-Samiria en 1967. John Patton O’Neill visita Loreto en 1963, iniciándose un interés que lo llevaría a impulsar la ornitología en Perú por varias décadas. La investigación continua de la avifauna loretana convirtió a esta región en un punto clave para entender los patrones de diversificación de las aves amazónicas.

Abstract Background The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the longitudinal association between disease activity and radiographic damage in a cohort of patients with early RA (symptom onset

A variety of genetic techniques have been devised to determine cell lineage relationships during tissue development. Some of these systems monitor cell lineages spatially and/or temporally without regard to gene expression by the cells, whereas others correlate gene expression with the lineage under study. The GAL4 Technique for Real-time and Clonal Expression (G-TRACE) system allows for rapid, fluorescent protein-based visualization of both current and past GAL4 expression patterns and is therefore amenable to genome-wide expression-based lineage screens. Here we describe the results from such a screen, performed by undergraduate students of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Undergraduate Research Consortium for Functional Genomics (URCFG) and high school summer scholars as part of a discovery-based education program. The results of the screen, which reveal novel expression-based lineage patterns within the brain, the imaginal disc epithelia, and the hematopoietic lymph gland, have been compiled into the G-TRACE Expression Database (GED), an online resource for use by the Drosophila research community. The impact of this discovery-based research experience on student learning gains was assessed independently and shown to be greater than that of similar programs conducted elsewhere. Furthermore, students participating in the URCFG showed considerably higher STEM retention rates than UCLA STEM students that did not participate in the URCFG, as well as STEM students nationwide.

Climate change in the Mediterranean-like regions of South Africa has resulted in increased rainfall variability, a delayed start to the wet winter season, and increased occurrences of out-of-season summer rainfall events. These changes in bioclimatic conditions are predicted to become more pronounced and, therefore, could result in poor seedling establishment and false breaks from the soil seed bank, followed by seedling desiccation in annual medic and clover pastures. This study therefore aimed to quantify and compare the responses of three annual Medicago species and five annual Trifolium species to drought stress imposed at the seed germination, seedling establishment, and early seedling growth stages. Three separate controlled trials were conducted. Firstly, the seeds were germinated in seed germination chambers at constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 °C, in 5 °C increments, with five osmotic treatments within each temperature, and germination was recorded daily. For the second experiment, seeds were planted at 100, 70, 50, and 30% of the soil’s moisture-holding capacity without subsequent watering, and emergence was recorded daily. For the third experiment, one-month-old seedlings were subjected to two water-limitation periods (15 or 30 days), and their subsequent morphological responses were measured. The results from these experiments indicated that the species differed significantly in their responses to drought, and the best-performing species often differed when drought was imposed at different development stages. Five species—M. polymorpha L., M. truncatula Gaertn., T. alexandrinum L., T. vesiculosum Savi., and T. subterraneum L. ssp. subterraneum—were able to tolerate incidences of drought better than other species and, thus, should be prioritized for further research into the variation in drought tolerance between cultivars within these species.

Airborne pollen is a major cause of allergic rhinitis, affecting between 10 and 30% of the population in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg (Benelux). Allergenic pollen is produced by wind pollinating plants and released in relatively low to massive amounts. Current climate changes, in combination with increasing urbanization, are likely to affect the presence of airborne allergenic pollen with respect to exposure intensity, timing as well as duration. Detailed analysis of long-term temporal trends at supranational scale may provide more comprehensive insight into these phenomena. To this end, the Spearman correlation was used to statistically compare the temporal trends in airborne pollen concentration monitored at the aerobiological stations which gathered the longest time-series (30–44 years) in the Benelux with a focus on the allergenic pollen taxa: Alnus, Corylus, Betula, Fraxinus, Quercus, Platanus, Poaceae, and Artemisia. Most arboreal species showed an overall trend toward an increase in the annual pollen integral and peak values and an overall trend toward an earlier start and end of the pollen season, which for Betula resulted in a significant decrease in season length. For the herbaceous species (Poaceae and Artemisia), the annual pollen integral and peak values showed a decreasing trend. The season timing of Poaceae showed a trend toward earlier starts and longer seasons in all locations. In all, these results show that temporal variations in pollen levels almost always follow a common trend in the Benelux, suggesting a similar force of climate change-driven factors, especially for Betula where a clear positive correlation was found between changes in temperature and pollen release over time. However, some trends were more local-specific indicating the influence of other environmental factors, e.g., the increasing urbanization in the surroundings of these monitoring locations. The dynamics in the observed trends can impact allergic patients by increasing the severity of symptoms, upsetting the habit of timing of the season, complicating diagnosis due to overlapping pollen seasons and the emergence of new symptoms due allergens that were weak at first.

La lechuza de los arenales Athene cunicularia (Aves: Strigidae) se distribuye desde Canadá hasta Tierra del Fuego en América. Ocupa una gran variedad de hábitats naturales, ambientes urbano-rurales y agroecosistemas. En el Perú residen tres subespecies A. c. nanodes, (Berlepsch y Stolzmann, 1892), A. c. juninensis (Berlepsch y Stolzmann, 1902) y A. c. cunicularia (Moliln, 1782). El presente trabajo, constituye una revisión de la bibliografía complementada con datos propios, con la finalidad de identificar el estado actual del conocimiento de la biología y estado de conservación de A. cunicularia con especial énfasis en las poblaciones que habitan en el Perú.

Samenvatting Delier is een veel voorkomende ernstige complicatie bij dementie, die gepaard gaat met een slechte prognose en grote belasting van zowel mantelzorger als professionele zorgverleners. Tijdige en goede zorg voor patiënten met delier bij dementie is daarom van belang. Om inzicht te verkrijgen in de zorgverlening van zes patiënten met een delier bij dementie werden 19 semigestructureerde interviews afgenomen gericht op de ervaringen van mantelzorgers en professionele zorgverleners. Uit de interviews kwamen vier thema’s naar voren die een rol speelden: 1. ervaringen met en opvattingen over gedragsproblemen van deze patiënten, 2. herkenning en diagnose van delier bij dementie, 3. opvattingen over goede zorg en 4. organisatorische aspecten. Kennislacunes over delier bij dementie, evenals zorg-ethische overwegingen, spelen een belangrijke rol bij de start van tijdige en goede zorg voor patiënten met delier bij dementie. Abstract Delirium is a common serious complication in dementia that is associated with poor prognosis and a high burden on caregivers and healthcare professionals. Appropriate care is therefore important at an early stage for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia To gain insight into the care of six patients with delirium superimposed on dementia, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted focused on the experiences of caregivers and professionals. The interviews revealed four themes that appeared to play a role: 1. experiences with and views on behavioral problems of these patients, 2. recognition and diagnosis of delirium in dementia, 3. views on good care and 4. organizational aspects. Knowledge gaps about delirium in dementia, as well as ethical considerations, play an important role in organizing timely and adequate care for patients with delirium superimposed on dementia.

El objetivo de la presenta investigación fue identificar el nivel de agresividad en Estudiantes de educación secundaria, con aptitudes sobresalientes. La población se constituyó de 30 estudiantes que estudiaban el Primer, Segundo y Tercer grado, de estos 15 hombres y 17 mujeres; las edades oscilan entre los 12 y 15 años, con un nivel socioeconómico bajo y medio, hijos agricultores, campesinos y profesionistas. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo, las variables fueron la agresión manifiesta y la agresión relacional. Se utilizó la Escala de conductas violentas en la escuela de Little et al., (2003). EL diseño fue no experimental; se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y los datos se procesaron en el paquete estadístico SPSS Versión 20, se calculó la media aritmética, las frecuencias y los porcentajes para con ello realizar la representación gráfica de los resultados. De acuerdo con el análisis de los datos de forma general el 48.7% se ubicó en un nivel de agresión medio. Para la Agresión Manifiesta Pura (46.1%) y la Agresión Manifiesta Reactiva (59.2%) se ubicaron en un nivel de agresión medio; la Agresión Manifiesta Instrumental el 44.7% presento un nivel alto de agresión. En tanto que la Agresión Relacional Pura (51.3%), la Agresión Relacional Reactiva (56.6%) y la Agresión Relacional Instrumental (55.3%) todas mostraron un nivel de agresividad medio. Derivado de estos resultados se recomienda implementar talleres de prevención de conductas agresivas. Recebido em: 11 de outubro de 2019 Modificado em: 29 de março de 2020 Aceito em: 04 de abril de 2020

La comunidad Sosote del cantón Rocafuerte de la provincia de Manabí, se caracteriza por la producción artesanal de la tagua, constituyendo el eje central, en la actualidad, de importantes transformaciones sociales, hecho sociológico, relacionado con la cultura popular y la identidad comunitaria, que ha transformado paulatinamente de una comunidad con una eminente agrícola en cultura comunitaria basada en la artesanía, la gastronomía y el turismo, asumiendo nuevos rasgos identitarios vinculados a: hábitos, costumbres, tradiciones y de organización social en general, así como considerar a la tagua en calidad de patrimonio de su cultura. Este es un hecho sociológico no abordado en la literatura científica sobre el tema y sin precedentes en Manabí y en el Ecuador. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una valoración de la tagua como expresión dela cultura popular,patrimonio cultural e identidad de la comunidad Sosote. Para ello se emplearon métodos teóricos tales como: el método comparativo, la abstracción científica, el método hipotético deductivo, el histórico lógico y el análisis de documentos. Los resultados del análisis que se presentan en el artículo constituyen verdaderos aportes al conocimiento científico de la mencionada comunidad, por su novedad, originalidad y por constituir un tema inédito en los estudios comunitarios en el Ecuador, al establecer una nueva definición de cultura popular artesanal de la tagua y valorar a la artesanía de la tagua en calidad de patrimonio de la cultura local y del Ecuador. PALABRAS CLAVE: Comunidad; cultura; cultura artesanal de la tagua; identidad; cultura popular. EVALUATIONS AROUND THE POPULAR CULTURE OF THE TAGUA, EXPRESSION OF THE CULTURAL IDENTITY AND HERITAGE OF THE LOCALITY OF SOSOTE, OF THE CANTON ROCAFUERTE, PROVINCE OF MANABÍ ABSTRACT The Sosote community of the Rocafuerte canton of the province of Manabí, is characterized by the handicraft production of tagua, constituting the central axis, at present, of important social transformations, a sociological fact, related to popular culture and community identity, which has gradually transformed from a community with an eminent agricultural community culture based on crafts, gastronomy and tourism, assuming new identity features linked to: habits, customs, traditions and social organization in general, as well as considering the tagua in heritage quality of their culture. This is a sociological fact not addressed in the scientific literature on the subject and unprecedented in Manabí and in Ecuador. The objective of this work is to evaluate the tagua as an expression of popular culture, cultural heritage and identity of the Sosote community. To this end, theoretical methods were used, such as: the comparative method, scientific abstraction, the hypothetical deductive method, the logical historical and the analysis of documents. The results of the analysis presented in the article are true contributions to the scientific knowledge of the aforementioned community, for its novelty, originality and for constituting an unpublished theme in community studies in Ecuador, establishing a new definition of artisanal popular culture of tagua and value tagua craftsmanship as heritage of local culture and Ecuador. KEYWORDS: Community; culture; tagua culture; identity; popular culture.

Objetivo: Comparar los cambios en la posición de los dientes artificiales en las prótesis totales maxilares al momento del prensado, mediante la medición en puntos de referencia pre determinados, bajo una fuerza de presión de 800, 1 000 y 1 250 kg, empleando yeso tipo III (Whip Mix, USA®) o silicona de condensación (Zhermack, Italia) como materiales de inclusión. Métodos: Fueron fabricadas 36 prótesis superiores obtenidas desde un modelo de yeso de un único paciente edéntulo total. Las réplicas fueron divididas de forma aleatoria en seis grupos, cada uno con seis repeticiones, considerando las variables involucradas, materiales y fuerza evaluada, tras el prensado y acrilizado. La diferencia entre los puntos referenciales fue establecida mediante Autocad (versión 21,2, Autodesk, España). Resultados: Se detectó una diferencia significativa entre la silicona y el yeso a 1 000 kg fuerza al 1% de nivel de significancia. Conclusiones: Existió mayor estabilidad en cuanto a movimiento cuando fue empleado como material de inclusión la silicona, con mejores resultados al emplear bajo 1 000 Kg fuerza de presión; independiente de la presión probada en todas las muestras existió movimiento en la posición original de los dientes artificiales.

We analyse the diet overlap of two species of sparrows in an agroecosystem of the Central Coast of Peru, one of the species is invasive House Sparrow, while the other is native Rufous-collared Sparrow. We show that although native species has a more diverse diet (H'= 2.07), than invasive species (H' = 1.63), they present high similarity between them (Dmax = 0.15, p> 0.05). The Schoener index was ɸ = 0.73 and together with the non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis they show a broad diet overlap of both sparrows in the different months of evaluation. These results allow to conclude that there is a potential impact of the invasion of House Sparrow on the native species Rufous-collared Sparrow by food overlap.

Abstract Background Early and intensive targeted treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has been shown to lead to substantial reductions in disease activity and radiograph damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the first-year radiographic progression rates between a treat-to-target (T2 T) strategy with initial combination therapy (strategy II, started in 2012) versus an initial step-up monotherapy (strategy I, started in 2006). Methods A total of 128 patients from strategy II was individually matched with 128 patients from strategy I on sex, age (± 5 yrs.) and baseline disease activity (± 0.5 on the DAS28). Differences in radiographic progression (Sharp/van der Heijde) scores (SHS) and the number of patients experiencing a minimal clinically important difference (MCID; ≥ 5 SHS points) between both strategies were tested with Mann Whitney U and chi-square tests. Next, linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine which baseline variables were associated with radiographic progression scores and the probability of experiencing an MCID within 1 year. Results Patients with initial combination therapy had slightly higher baseline disease activity scores and pain scores, but better mental health scores. Patients with initial monotherapy had significantly more, and more frequently clinically relevant, radiographic progression after 1 year. Experiencing a MCID was independently associated with fewer tender joints (p = 0.050) and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.015) at baseline. Conclusion Treating early RA patients with initial combination therapy results in better radiographic outcomes than initial monotherapy in daily clinical practice. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR578, 12 January 2006.