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In 1559 the naval squadron under the command of Alvaro de Bazan lost one galleass and one zabra –a small 16th century Spanish sailing vessel- in a battle against the Turks at the coast of Cadiz. We know this incident in great detail due to diverse sources, in particular a statement signed by witnesses under oath in front of a public notary. The comparison of this information with a pamphlet in verse, published several months after, shows a need to rethink the importance of the printed composition in order to reconstruct history.