以环氧脂肪酸甲酯为原料，在磷酸催化下与短链脂肪醇开环反应制备一系列的双酯衍生物，作为矿物基基础油的替代品。研究了醇碳链长度对双酯衍生物黏度、酸值、低温流动性、热氧化稳定性等理化性能和极压性能、减摩性能、抗磨性能等摩擦学性能的影响，并探究了双酯衍生物作为基础油对传统润滑添加剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）的感受性。结果表明：采用短链脂肪醇对环氧脂肪酸甲酯进行开环改性，可以改善其低温流动性、极压性能和减摩、抗磨性能，而不能改善其热氧化稳定性；制备的双酯衍生物对传统润滑添加剂ZDDP具有良好的感受性。With epoxy fatty acid methyl ester as raw material, under the action of phosphoric acid catalyst, epoxy fatty acid methyl ester reacted with short chain fatty alcohol to produce a series of diester derivatives, which could be used as substitutes for traditional mineral oil-based base oils.The effects of alcohol carbon chain length on the viscosity, acid value, low temperature fluidity, thermal oxidation stability, extreme pressure proptrty, anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the diester derivatives were investigated. The susceptibility of the diester derivatives to traditional additive zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) was further investigated.The results showed that when the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester was modified by short chain fatty alcohol, the low temperature fluidity, extreme pressure property, anti-friction property and anti-wear property of the diester derivatives could be improved, but the oxidation stability of the diester derivatives could not be improved.The diester derivatives had good susceptibility to ZDDP.