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En este artículo estudiaremos el papel del género meisho-e en la estampa del período Meiji como un instrumento de configuración y transmisión de imágenes visuales sobre la identidad nacional japonesa. Para ello, acudiremos al estudio de caso de la serie de litografías ‘Souvenir de Ilustraciones de Lugares Famosos de Keihan’ ( Keihan miyage meisho zuga) (1895), de Hayashi Motoharu (1858-1903), en el contexto de la Cuarta Exposición Nacional de Industria (1895). Esta serie ofreció un conjunto de ilustraciones sobre ‘lugares famosos’ (meisho) de Kioto y Osaka, cargados de referencias y significados que reivindicaban estos escenarios como símbolos de la modernidad y la tradición de Japón, así como de sus respectivas regiones. Gracias a su coste asequible y su fácil difusión, la serie contribuyó a promocionar entre el público una imagen de Japón y sus regiones a través de paisajes culturales, y a fijarla, así, en la memoria colectiva.

Since the 1960s, new town developments within large metropolises have been widely adopted to decongest the city centres, especially in Asian cities. This paper provides a brief account of the liveability dimensions of two new townships developed in large metropolitan areas: Senri New Town in Osaka and Purbachal New Town in Dhaka. The study primarily draws on master plans of the two developments to identify how the components of the plans reflect the physical, social, functional and safety dimensions of a proposed liveability framework. The methodology combines a review of masters plans with scholarly and grey literature on the two new town developments. The findings show while the social and functional dimensions are integrated with Senri New Town; Purbachal New Town, though more recent, appears to have missed opportunities for diversifying density, social mix and mass transit. The paper concludes that the comparative case, Senri-New Town provides insights on how public-private people participation can leverage citizen-centred design for more liveable residential living environments in developing cities.

President Macron’s appeal to rethink in positive terms the relations with Russia was a starting point for several contacts on different levels narrowing two parties approaches to several conflictual situations. But the mixt reaction to the president’s initiative from France’s partners in EU, NATO and a part of its own political or administrative elite can limit the practical results of the dialogue between Paris and Moscow.

Abstract This brief report aims to reveal crime concentration at the district level in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, two cities characterized by low crime rates. Eight types of property crimes that occurred between 2008 and 2017 in Tokyo and Osaka and had been aggregated by the census enumeration district were analyzed using the Gini coefficient based on the Poisson-Gamma method. The results indicated three patterns. First, crime concentration was identified. Second, the degree of concentration depended upon crime type. Commercial burglary was the most concentrated crime type, and theft from vehicle and theft from vending machine were the most dispersed. Third, crime concentration patterns either remained stable or became more concentrated over time. Additionally, while theft of bicycle was found to display stable concentration levels over time, the concentration level of purse snatching was fluid. On the basis of the results, this report discusses the possibility of establishing the “Law of Crime Concentration” (LCC) in two Japanese cities.

Abstract On June 18, 2018, an MJMA6.1 inland crustal earthquake occurred on the northeast edge of the Osaka basin, Japan. This event impacted the region by the maximum PGA larger than 0.9 g, and it was followed by a series of weaker aftershocks. The earthquakes were located near the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ENE–WSW dextral strike-slip faults) and the Uemachi fault system (N–S reverse faults), hence the seismotectonic interpretations we assumed to be rather complex. Here we propose a seismotectonic model of this sequence based on seismological data and stress field considerations. In particular, we infer to a centroid moment tensor for the mainshock using Bayesian full-waveform inversion from strong motion records. The solution of Mw5.6 involved a significant CLVD component, which we interpreted as being due to rupture process on a complex fault geometry. Decomposition of the non-DC moment tensor into major and minor pure-shear moment tensors suggests a combination of strike-slip and reverse faulting mechanisms. We also analyzed the 108 strongest aftershocks with MJMA between 2.0 and 4.1 using records from broadband and short-period stations. Aftershocks’ moment tensors inverted from P-wave amplitudes exhibit mainly strike-slip and reverse faulting mechanisms, having significant spatial variations. The local stress field inverted from these mechanisms had a dominant maximum (compressional) principal stress σ 1 in ESE–WNW direction, while σ 2 ≅ σ 3. Both ENE–WSW dextral strike-slip and N–S reverse faults can be active in such stress field as observed in the mainshock (without any need for stress spatial inhomogeneity). To conclude, the activated strike-slip fault is parallel to the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line. The activated N–S reverse fault is dipping to east by 50° similarly as the Uemachi fault system. Joint shear movements on both of these faults contributed significantly to the total seismic moment of the mainshock.

Water cities are characterised by an interface with water, as in the case of Venice and San Antonio. These cities have profound ties with their banks and shores, and each city has an illustrious past. Osaka, the second-largest city in Japan, is one such city. Despite its long history, it has changed in appearance a great deal since the 19th century. Means of transport have evolved from fluvial to land transport, high tides have caused repeated damage, land subsidence has worsened, water quality has deteriorated due to the influx of domestic sewage, and the illegal occupation of land has increased. In addition to all these factors, motorisation and the construction of dikes, referred to as "razor dikes", to control water have transformed the riverbanks into forgotten areas no longer frequented. Recent attempts have been made to regenerate the city of Osaka by starting from its riverbanks. The Prefecture and the Town Hall of Osaka as well as the local business community have been working together since 2001 to revitalise the city as a water city. One of the approaches adopted to transform Osaka into a "aquatic metropolis", has been inspired by a new urban vision of the riverbanks which encompasses a deregulation of fluvial law.

Water cities are characterised by an interface with water, as in the case of Venice and San Antonio. These cities have profound ties with their banks and shores, and each city has an illustrious past. Osaka, the second-largest city in Japan, is one such city. Despite its long history, it has changed in appearance a great deal since the 19th century. Means of transport have evolved from fluvial to land transport, high tides have caused repeated damage, land subsidence has worsened, water quality has deteriorated due to the influx of domestic sewage, and the illegal occupation of land has increased. In addition to all these factors, motorisation and the construction of dikes, referred to as "razor dikes", to control water have transformed the riverbanks into forgotten areas no longer frequented. Recent attempts have been made to regenerate the city of Osaka by starting from its riverbanks. The Prefecture and the Town Hall of Osaka as well as the local business community have been working together since 2001 to revitalise the city as a water city. One of the approaches adopted to transform Osaka into a "aquatic metropolis", has been inspired by a new urban vision of the riverbanks which encompasses a deregulation of fluvial law.

Questo studio rivolge l’attenzione all’interpretazione della forma di superfici a doppia curvatura che caratterizzano la morfologia di progetti architettonici non realizzati di particolare interesse formale. L’analisi dell’architettura, condotta nella tradizione del disegno per via analogica, trova oggi un fecondo ambito di sperimentazione nello spazio digitale, luogo privilegiato di studio e validazione delle proprietà geometriche delle forme delle quali l’architettura si compone. La metodologia impiegata affronta il problema della lettura delle superfici architettoniche attraverso il controllo delle rispettive proprietà geometriche nell’ambito della rappresentazione continua tridimensionale in ambiente digitale. Oggetto della sperimentazione è la copertura del padiglione progettato da Maurizio Sacripanti per l’Esposizione Universale di Osaka del 1970, caso emblematico per via delle diverse interpretazioni della forma del “mantello”. L’interesse per quest’opera risiede tanto nella conformazione della copertura quanto nell’idea di movimento, che diviene elemento portante di un’architettura cinetica che trasforma la tecnologia in un linguaggio architettonico.

The active fault in Osaka is known as Uemachi fault, which had been originally identified as geomorphological feature of the Osaka high terrace. However, the position of the fault line was corrected by geotechnical information during subway construction. Later another active fault was identified by the continuous characteristics of geological formation which was later identified by seismic study. Active fault lines in Almaty were identified based upon geomorphological feature and should be confirmed by underground information of boring data and seismic study. Osaka and Almaty did not take any consideration of the active fault in the city except strong ground motions. In these cities, structural effects from fault displacements should be considered to not only independent buildings but also such lifelines of infrastructures of freeways, subway, and electric power as well gas lines. Especially, Almaty is the most dangerous situation. Geotechnical engineers in Kazakh should initiate the study of active fault and provide the damage potential and as well as effective countermeasures to protect the 1.5 million citizens in Almaty and to create resilient city.

Abstract Background We aimed to assess recent Latin American medical school graduates’ knowledge and attitudes about OSA and examine whether their knowledge and attitudes about OSA differed from practicing physicians. Methods Recent medical graduates completed the Spanish translation of the OSA Knowledge and Attitudes (OSAKA) questionnaire at the 2013 national primary-care residency-placement meeting in Ecuador. The OSAKA includes 18 knowledge and five attitudinal items about OSA. We compared recent graduates’ data with data collected in 2010–2011 from practicing physicians using chi-square tests of associations among categorical variables and analysis of variance of differences in mean knowledge and attitude scores. Unadjusted logistic regression models tested the odds that recent graduates (vs. practicing physicians) answered each item correctly. Results Of 265 recent graduates, 138 (52.1%) were male, and mean age was 25.9 years. Although mean knowledge was low overall, scores were lower for recent graduates than for the 367 practicing physicians (53.5% vs. 60.4%; p

Based on the concept of ecosystem services, this study aimed to clarify a direction for the use of precious waterfronts remaining in congested large modern cities. Rivers and canals of Saint Petersburg, Russia and Osaka, Japan were selected as the study subjects. The actual status of waterfront use in both cities was examined through qualitative analyses from the viewpoint of ecosystem services. As a result, it was revealed that there were differences between the two cities in their use of waterfronts, and that the creation of waterfronts with high environmental value based on the consideration of ecosystem services has a positive effect on tourism, land price, and health.

This study focuses on the interpretation of the shape of double curvature surfaces, which characterize the morphology of unrealized architectural projects, particularly interesting from the point of view of shape. The analysis of architecture, carried out by means of analogical instruments proper of the tradition of drawing, today finds a fruitful experimentation field in digital space and a privileged place for studying and validating the geometrical properties of architectural shape. The experimented methodology faces the problem of reading architectural surfaces through the control of the respective geometrical properties in the field of continuous tridimensional representation in digital space. The object of the experimentation is the covering of the pavilion designed by Maurizio Sacripanti for the Universal Exposition of Osaka in 1970. It is an emblematic case because of the different interpretations to which the drawings of the ‘cape’ are susceptible. Moreover, the interest for this work regards both the geometrical shape of the roof and the idea of movement, which becomes the backbone of a kinetic architecture that transforms technology into architectural language.

The Japanese city presents a certain number of peculiarities in the organization of its physical space (weak zoning regulations, fast piecemeal destruction/reconstruction of buildings and blocks, high compacity, incremental reorganization). Compared to countries where urban fabrics are more perennial and easily distinguishable (old centers, modern planned projects, residential areas, etc.), in Japanese metropolitan areas we often observe higher heterogeneity and more complex spatial patterns. Even within such a model, it should be possible to recognize the internal organization of the physical city. The aim of this paper is thus to study the spatial structure of the contemporary Japanese city, generalizing on the case study of Osaka and Kobe. In order to achieve this goal, we will need to identify urban forms at different local scales (building types, urban fabrics) and to analyze them at a wider scale to delineate morphological regions and their structuring of the overall layout of the contemporary Japanese city. Several analytical protocols are used together with field observations and literature. The results, and more particularly the building and urban fabrics types and their location within the Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area, are interpreted in the light of Japanese history and model of urbanization. A synoptic graphical model of an urban morphological structure based upon Osaka is produced and proposed as an interpretative pattern for the Japanese metropolitan city in general.

This paper sheds light on the residences of white-collar workers in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan in the modernizing period using historical statistical data and telephone directories from a historical geographic information system (GIS) analysis. We examined the differences between the distribution of white-collar workers and the progress of suburbanization by comparing the respective unemployment censuses and telephone directories of Tokyo and Osaka. The analysis shows that in 1925, there was a tendency for many white-collar workers to live in certain city sectors, as well as in the city center. However, this trend had changed by the mid-1930s, when data show that private-sector white-collar workers tended to live more in areas with a relatively low population density. Compared to Osaka, Tokyo was relatively suburbanized with white-collar workers in private companies.

Osaka City has the highest tuberculosis (TB) notification rates in Japan. In the period 1999–2003, the TB control programme was strengthened, and the Stop TB Strategy was implemented to reduce the number of notified cases. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of these control activities in Osaka City, including the implementation of directly observed treatment (DOT), by analysing TB surveillance and routinely collected data. We reviewed the surveillance data of all sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases registered in the Osaka City Public Health Office from 2001 to 2008 and data collected from the routine TB programme. The DOT implementation rate increased from 0% in 2001 to 68% in 2008 for smear-positive PTB cases of the general public and to 61% for all PTB cases of the homeless. The proportion of smear-positive PTB cases that had treatment failure and default combined, declined from 8.0% (52 of 650) in 2001 to 3.6% (20 of 548) in 2006. The proportion of cases among the homeless with previous treatment declined from 28% in 2001 to 15% in 2008. The proportion of cases with multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB) among those without previous treatment declined from 1.7% in 2001 to 0.9% in 2008. It is logical that reduction in the failure and default rate would lead to the reduction of cases with previous treatment and TB transmission, including resistant TB, therefore to the reduction of MDR-TB rates.

Este estudo tem foco sobre como e por quem os espaços livres de edifição resultantes de negociações público-privadas estão sendo usados, e como suas configurações espaciais podem ser avaliadas. Observações sistemáticas foram feitas em cinco lugares na cidade de Osaka, Japão. Os dados coletados foram organizados para expressar o perfil dos usuários no que diz respeito à população, sexo, idade, grupo e atividades. Registros de usuários de acordo com a hora do dia e diferenças entre um dia da semana e um dia de fim de semana confirmaram concretamente o ritmo ou o ciclo semanal de uso intuitivamente peculiar a distritos de negócios. Além disso, o mapeamento de usuários revelou os lugares preferidos para se estar de cada caso estudado, e então, estes puderam ser analisados em relação às entradas de edifícios e às vistas mais interessantes.