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Introduction. The management of urban planning in Russia has been significantly transformed over the 20 years of the Urban Planning Code. On the one hand, vast experience has been accumulated, territorial planning and urban zoning have covered the entire country, on the other hand, an increasing number of documents give rise to new conflicts, decisions are often not synchronized and even contradictory. It is possible to improve the quality of management decisions by building goal-setting, formalizing the tasks of managing the development of territories and systemic transformation in the ways of making management decisions based on the results of urban planning design. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate and formulate arguments in favour of integrated urban planning as an intellectual basis for effective management of spatial changes in urbanized territories.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of a comparative analysis of complex urban development projects developed under the guidance of the author of the paper in cities of various regions of Russia and the impact of their decisions on the quality of management and the effectiveness of territorial development.Results. The transformations of types of town-planning documentation were substantiated, their composition and content were determined in order to optimize management processes and improve the quality of decisions that ensure the achievement of the goal of integrated socio-economic and spatial development of territories due to the completeness, relevance and legal significance of data on the objects of town-planning planning and town-planning regulation — the results of town-planning design. Urban planning is an intellectual basis for making scientifically sound decisions on the spatial development of urbanized territories.Conclusions. The field of urban planning is expanding significantly. To ensure systematic and effective management of the development of territories, five types of urban planning documentation are proposed, the results of which together will constitute the intellectual basis of the spatial development management system in the format of a digital information model for managing the development of territories: strategic plan; comprehensive infrastructure and investment plan; master plan for land use and development; master plan (strategic, sectoral or local); the project of planning and surveying the territory.

Introduction. The paper proposes a method of accounting for energy dissipation for the Timoshenko beam by constructing a damping matrix based on a modified Rayleigh function in the numerical solution of the problem. In this modification, the velocity of displacements is replaced by the velocities of linear and angular deformations. This approach allows us to take into account energy dissipation due to internal friction in the material when both its volume and shape change. The presented technique is promising in practical calculations of structures when shear stiffness has a significant impact on their stress-strain state.Materials and methods. Several proven methods of energy dissipation accounting are considered, including those that make it possible to take into account the energy loss of a moving structure during friction with the external environment (external damping) and dissipation due to friction in the material of the structure deformed in motion (internal damping). Methods for determining the damping coefficients for each of them are presented. The finite element method is used to calculate rod systems. Damping matrices are derived from the condition of stationarity of the total energy of deformation of a mechanical system in motion, including linear and angular deformation rates.Results. Damping matrices proportional to strain rates obtained on the basis of the modified dissipative Rayleigh function are given. A method for determining the damping coefficient taking into account the rates of angular deformation is proposed.Conclusions. The damping matrices presented in the paper describe the energy dissipation during vibrations of mechanical systems due to internal friction in the material. The internal damping matrix was obtained taking into account the influence of linear and angular deformation rates to simulate the dynamic behaviour of short bending structural elements, the deformation of which is described using the Timoshenko model. The performed dimensional check additionally confirms the correctness of the damping matrix construction. Moreover, the dimension of the proposed shear damping coefficient is the same as that of the widely used viscosity coefficient.

Introduction. Computational studies of aerodynamic interference of the MIBC “Moscow-City” complex with sequential construction of buildings, taking into account their chronological order are carried out. Previous studies only considered the designed buildings and structures, along with the surrounding actual and future development, without computational analysis of their impact on the already constructed buildings. The study demonstrates the importance of considering aerodynamic interference in numerical simulation. It draws conclusions on the mutual influence of high-rise buildings and identifies the wind attack angles that contribute to the maximum values of the average and pulsation components of the wind action.Materials and methods. Numerical simulation methods in the ANSYS Fluent software package were used to conduct computational analysis. Quasi-two-dimensional aerodynamic models of the building complex of MIBC “Moscow-City” were developed, verified and validated for the computational studies.Results. The paper presents the results of 256 design cases, including 13 design variants for the consecutive erection of buildings in the MIBC “Moscow-City” complex and 19 calculations of freestanding high-rise buildings. Each calculation was performed for eight wind attack directions. The paper provides the average and pulsation total aerodynamic forces and moments for each building of the complex, depending on the chronology of building construction. The radar charts of aerodynamic coefficients (average and pulsation) were used to determine the most dangerous wind directions. The number of constructed buildings in the MIBC “Moscow-City” complex was taken into account.Conclusions. Based on the example of the sequential construction of the MIBC “Moscow-City” complex, this study emphasizes the importance of considering aerodynamic interference in dense and changing urban environments for both new and existing buildings. Aerodynamic interference can result in both wind shielding effects and increased wind, which affects the mechanical safety of buildings and structures.

Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to study the main cultural approaches to the process of designing small architectural forms made of metal.Materials and methods. They are determined by the set goals and objectives. Methods of comparative (diachronic and synchronous) analysis, various methods of observation of modern cultural processes and phenomena were used. During the work on the paper, a significant amount of empirical data was analyzed, including the work of contemporary metal artists.Results. Understanding cultural processes and phenomena will allow to develop modern design of small architectural forms made of metal, to use the ideas of the paper in the educational and creative process. Art metal, one of its three main directions — architectural metal, small architectural forms occupy an important place in the formation of a single value-semantic architectural landscape of a modern city. The redundancy of space and time inherent in our present leads to an increase in the number of “non-places” (where there is no place for an individual) in the urban landscape. The space of “No place” is undefinable — neither through identity, nor through communication, nor through historical parallels. Small architectural forms (SAF) help to master “non-places” artistically (meaningfully), turn them into “places” of power, and fill the landscape with meaning. Development of “non-places” by means of designing SAF made of metal becomes an important task for a modern author.Conclusions. Further development of the design of small architectural forms in the XXI century, as well as culture in general, is associated with increasing mobility, built-up communication system and developed information field. Art metal, as one of the most ancient occupations of mankind, preserves invaluable heritage and experience of the past, and within the framework of modern art culture initiates the creation of innovations based on new materials and approaches, contributing to the development of creative thinking and creative freedom.

Introduction. The paper discusses the advantages and features of the main existing methods of connecting wooden columns and crossbars.Materials and methods. It was proposed to increase the load-bearing capacity and reduce the deformability of joints by modifying the joints with the introduction of epoxy resin between the screw and the wood and between the overlay and the end of the wooden element to which it is attached and modifying the design of the overlays.Results. As a result, a constructive solution for connecting wooden columns and crossbars was developed, which has increased reliability compared to the studied connections and is free of their disadvantages. This result was achieved due to the presence of an adhesive layer between the screw and the wood, as well as between the overlay and the wooden element, the making of notches on the sides of the overlays attached to the wooden elements, the increased length of the screws screwed into the overlay with a groove, compared to the length of the screws screwed into an overlay with a tenon, placement of holes for screws at an angle of 90° to the surface of the overlay into which the screws are screwed.Conclusions. An urgent issue is the development of constructive solutions for connections of wooden elements, in particular the interfaces of columns and crossbars. The paper discusses the advantages and features of the main existing methods of connecting wooden columns and crossbars.

Aerogels, with their exceptional properties such as high insulation performance, lightness, and eco-friendliness, present immense potential for use in the construction industry. This paper reviews the progress in research and application of various types of aerogels in construction, highlighting notable case studies demonstrating energy efficiency gains and sustainability impacts. It delves into the lifecycle of aerogels, discussing environmental implications at each stage. Despite their potential, aerogels face certain limitations including production complexity, brittleness, and high cost which hinder their widespread adoption. The paper further discusses these challenges and highlights the need for continuous research and development efforts to overcome them, with a view to achieving more scalable production, enhanced mechanical properties, and cost reduction. Looking forward, the paper discusses the expansive horizon of aerogel research, emphasizing the potential of smart aerogels, their integration with renewable energy systems, and exploring the possibility of recycling or creating bio-based aerogels to enhance their overall sustainability. While still in early stages, aerogels promise to be a major contributor to the future of construction, leading to more sustainable and efficient built environments.

Introduction. The sustainability of territories of urban settlements (USs) and rural settlements (RSs) is one of the priority tasks of urban planning and socio-economic planning, and is also determined by the goal of integrated development of the territory. This issue is widely discussed in the scientific and technical literature, where the focus is on socio-economic, environmental and anthropogenic factors that characterize the urban system, which are used to obtain a quantitative indicator of the level of sustainability using entropy-weighted, (TOPSIS-Technique of Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution) and other methods. At the same time, the importance of cultural heritage in sustainable development has not received enough attention. This paper presents the results of sustainability assessment of the impact of immovable tangible cultural heritage of eight Syrian cities based on a multi-criteria model.Materials and methods. The paper uses materials from open sources and statistical data of municipal organizations, the selection of which is based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the system approach. The data include characteristics of social, historical-cultural, economic, environmental, engineering, transport subsystems of the city. The aim of the study is to determine a generalized index characterizing the sustainability of the city and the impact of its factors on its importance of cultural heritage in promoting socio-economic development and urban reconstruction after the military conflict.Results. Based on the presented model, calculations of the urban sustainability index (IS) of 8 Syrian cities — Damascus, Homs, Aleppo, Latakia, Palmyra, Daraa, Deir ez-Zor and Idlib for the period of 2010 (before the military conflict) and 2023 were performed, which showed a decrease in the sustainability index up to two times. This is due to the destruction of residential areas of engineering and transport systems, destruction of cultural heritage objects. It is also found that tangible cultural heritage has a great impact on the sustainability of the city system.Conclusions. The proposed model for determining the index of urban sustainability (IS) allows us to obtain a quantitative assessment and analyze the impact of each factor. It is shown that along with the restoration of residential areas and objects of engineering and transport infrastructure, it is necessary to carry out works to preserve objects of cultural heritage, the loss of which leads to a decrease in the sustainability of the city, the loss of its urban identity.

Introduction. The impact of street art on the state of space of the modern city is investigated. The object of the research is the modern urban environment considered in the context of the changing perception of street art by the urban population. The aspects of forming a favourable urban environment from the point of view of urban dweller’s stay in it are considered.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is an analytical review of materials reflecting the interaction between art and the viewer in general, and street subculture and the urban dweller in particular. The focus of this paper is the concept of the functionality of the time-changing urban environment and its human perception. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the urban space of Ryazan through the prism of its perception by the urban population. The empirical base contains materials, including a statistical study of the opinion of the target audience of teachers, staff and students of the Ryazan Institute (branch) of the Moscow Polytechnic University regarding the existence of the social phenomenon of street art, its dynamics and impact on public opinion, an interview reflecting the view of the artist Alexander Sinitsyn on the state of the Street art movement in Ryazan and the authors’ own participation as artists in the social project “The City in Colours”, which took place in the summer of 2022. The concrete fence of the railway tracks in Moskovskaya street was the object of creativity.Results. The main factors influencing the perception of street art by the population are revealed, the data of statistical research of the state of public consciousness is carried out, reflecting aesthetic views, social activity, involvement in the processes of transformation of the urban environment, the dynamics of perception of the visual range contained in street art objects. The authors of the paper determined the average level of awareness of residents about the activities of street artists and various works of street art.Conclusions. Street art is a new direction that is undergoing transformation processes, adapting to new trends in the modern structure of society and people’s consciousness. Modern subculture of street art will be in demand on the territory of urban space, thanks to its informational, propaganda and aesthetic component.

The study of various properties of information-technical systems from the point of view of interaction of their physical and digital components is a new and actual direction of modern science of cyber-physical systems. When considering modern cyber-physical systems, various authors recommend considering them as complex systems within the framework of system analysis. Due to the complexity of systems, adaptive algorithms should be relied upon in human-machine interaction. In this case, the specialist is seen as a decision maker. In the course of his work, he will strive to ensure the required mode of functioning of the cyber-physical system, including in the presence of faults in it. This paper proposes to consider the possible actions of a specialist in a cyber-physical system from the perspective of a simulation experiment. The paper provides an illustration of an algorithm scheme related to adaptive resource selection in a cyber-physical system. The scheme of rational decision making when resources are selected is shown. A methodology for generating logic models is proposed. The paper shows how game modeling can be applied to cyber-physical systems. The results obtained in this paper can be applied to a wide range of cyberphysical systems.

Introduction. This paper studies depressed construction sites and their presence on the territory of Arctic. Application of earth remote sensing technologies from space is indispensable for providing sub-satellite monitoring to identify emergency, damaged and abandoned construction objects in hard-to-reach regions. The purpose of the study is the possibility of deciphering depressed construction objects according to aerospace monitoring data. For the Arctic territories remote methods are relevant because of unfavorable meteorological conditions of contact methods, as well as because of the depressed nature of most settlements. Depressed construction sites are one of the main features of the surveyed territories. In the world practice, there are certain methods for deciphering depressed structures. These are hierarchical deep learning method based on Google Street View images, information modelling of historical buildings, photogrammetry using UAVs, 3D shooting.Materials and methods. The research is carried out on the basis of satellite images of high spatial resolution, depicting territories with different lighting conditions, landscape and component composition of the Arctic surface. The subject of the research is a complex method of visual decoding of depressed construction objects.Results. The areas and signs of deciphering, the relevance of deciphering of these objects in the Arctic region are presented. Examples of emergency and abandoned objects and their deciphering signs on satellite, ground and aerial photographs are given. The ecological aspect of depressed construction objects associated with the production of landfills and certain mechanisms of behavior in relation to land use is shown.Conclusions. The methods of interpretation of depressed construction objects based on aerospace monitoring data considered in the paper allow to carry out their cadastral registration, mapping and systematization, to estimate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these objects and depressiveness of the regions under study. This is most relevant for the Arctic region.

Introduction. A nonlinear differential equation of the third order with a polynomial right part of the seventh degree describing wave processes in beams is considered. When studying this class of equations, generally unsolvable in quadrature, the authors use a method allowing to obtain an analytical approximate solution. This kind of research is based on the solution of several mathematical problems. The paper generalizes previously obtained results of the study of one class of nonlinear differential equations with moving singularities to the complex domain.Materials and methods. The problem of finding the exact limits of application of the approximate solution of a nonlinear differential equation in the neighborhood of a moving singular point is considered. Previously, the boundaries of the application area of the approximate solution were determined on the basis of the theorem of unique existence, but further, the obtained area was reduced due to the perturbation of the moving singular point. Applying elements of differential calculus to estimate the error of the solution, in this work, it is possible to expand the scope of the approximate solution and bring it closer to the initially obtained area.Results. The exact boundaries of the area of application of the approximate solution are obtained. Theoretical provisions are confirmed by numerical calculations, which characterizes their reliability. Two numerical experiments are considered. In the first one, a point falling under the previous and new area obtained in this paper is taken. In the second, the point falling only under the new theorem is taken.Conclusions. The author’s approach of the method of analytical approximate solution is further developed on the example of the considered class of nonlinear equations. The paper summarizes the results obtained earlier in the research of the exact limits of application of the approximate solution of the considered class of equations in the vicinity of a moving singular point in the complex domain. The presented studies are confirmed by numerical experiments.

This research paper examines the crucial role of the construction industry in the energy sector, particularly in shaping energy consumption and efficiency. The focus is on the industry's impact throughout the lifecycle of buildings, encompassing design, construction, maintenance, and demolition, with an emphasis on energy efficiency not only during construction but also during the operational phase. The paper highlights the European Commission's directives on building energy performance, aimed at reducing energy consumption through more energy-efficient and materially efficient buildings. The research advocates for a multi-criteria approach in construction, balancing environmental, economic, and functional considerations in building design and operation. It addresses the challenges and negative consequences of energy-saving measures, emphasizing the need for balanced and sustainable building practices. The paper underscores the construction industry's potential in reducing global energy consumption and the importance of legislative incentives for promoting energy-efficient buildings.

Introduction. The implementation of modular buildings leads to the necessity to develop methods of their calculation, including dynamic loads too. One of the main parameters in the calculation of loads from dynamic effects is the determination of natural frequencies of vibrations of the structure. The subject of research is the natural vibrational frequency of modular buildings. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of the compliance of intramodular joints on the vibrational frequencies of modular buildings.Materials and methods. The paper deals with the determination of the first natural frequency of vibration of a modular building with semi-rigid intramodular joints, and the influence of the compliance of the joints on the frequency. The author of the paper proposed and substantiated an analytical formula for determining the natural vibration frequencies, taking into account the stiffness parameters of modular buildings and the rigidity of intramodular joints. The proposed formula has sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations. At the same time, it allows to analyze the natural vibrational frequencies of modular buildings with different parameters without constructing calculation schemes in computer systems, which significantly speeds up the search for rational design solutions.Results. According to the obtained results, the discrepancy in the frequency values calculated by the finite element method and analytically for a one-story building with different ratios of the rotational stiffness of the joints does not exceed 1.5 %. For a multi-storey modular building, the difference in determining the natural vibration frequencies increases with the number of storeys, but does not exceed 10 % for three storeys.Conclusions. Based on the example of a modular building, it is shown that it is necessary to take into account the joint rigidity to determine the correct value of natural vibrational frequencies. Ignoring of the rotational stiffness of the joints can lead to an error in determining the dynamic effects.

Because the construction industry is widely viewed as the engine that drives economies around the world, understanding how companies achieve their competitive advantages through innovation, the use of information technologies, strategies, business models, or human resources is vital. The current paper aims to identify and categorize the types of competitive advantages that exist, ranging from pure technological advantages such as information storage, coordination, and electronic communication to organizational and management advantages. In terms of methodological approach, performing a quality analysis of the existent literature regarding competitive advantages consists the best tool due to its wide spectrum of gathering the data. The research will be structured in 3 steps, respectively problem formulation, gathering of the data and title, abstract and full-text review. A complex perspective of the competitive advantages can be therefore obtained which can be a valuable asset in helping a construction enterprise in selecting its long-time strategy for becoming more competitive, efficient and sustainable. Through the main findings, innovation, usage of the informational technologies, initial conditions, environment understanding, safety culture or management practices of the human resources can be counted.

Introduction. The current state of investment and construction activities at the corporate level is determined not only by the complexity of applied engineering solutions of capital construction facilities, but also by changes in a similar trend of external and internal environments of economic entities involved in the construction of a building or structure. Such complication is caused by the permanent increase of scientific and technological progress and the manifestation of economic phenomena corresponding to it, which affect the demands of consumers and regulatory rules of the state. As a result, there is an increase in contradictions between the conditions for the implementation of investment and construction activities and the organization of construction management, which is the reason for the emergence of new options for the implementation of business processes, their addition and integration with production and security processes, i.e. the emergence of new organizational schemes for construction management. One of these schemes can be used to manage construction on the basis of production and engineering centre. As noted in the paper, the main direction of increasing efficiency in this organizational structure is the transformation of management processes, i.e. their reengineering.Materials and methods. The research is based on the postulates of cybernetics, the logistics of regulatory influences, the organization of production systems, and structural and functional analysis. The scientific background of the authors was used, which was reflected in their publications on this problem. Additional sources were scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in this subject area.Results. The structure and composition of the production and engineering centre are substantiated, the distribution of the main groups of functions is performed, the place of such an organizational structure in the corporate management system of investment and construction activities is determined, and the directions of business process reengineering are established.Conclusions. The formation of new, modern organizational structures is a promising direction of business process reengineering to increase the efficiency of construction, improve the quality of construction products, as well as the interaction of participants of investment and construction activities.

Introduction. When justifying design decisions in hydraulic engineering, developing measures for the use and protection of water resources, information on the intra-annual distribution of runoff is of practical and scientific interest. The paper presents the results of a correlation analysis of daily water levels in the rivers of the Kaliningrad region, based on the results of observations in years with different water content from 2008 to 2021.Materials and methods. The statistical analysis of the data set of observations of daily water levels in 12 river stations of the Kaliningrad region for the period from 2008 to 2021 was carried out. The data source was the automated information system of state monitoring of water bodies. The observation results were processed in Mathcad environment.Results. Pair correlation coefficients between daily water levels in the studied river stations of the Kaliningrad region were calculated. The average, maximum and minimum pair correlation coefficients of daily water levels in the considered stations were determined. The dependence of pair correlation coefficients of daily water levels in two stations located in the same river system (The Angrapa River – Berestovo gauging station – The Pregolya River – Gvardeysk gauging station) and for different river systems (The Mamonovka River – Mamonovo gauging station – The Pregolya River – Chernyakhovsk gauging station) was determined.Conclusions. It was found that the closest stochastic relationship of daily water levels is observed near the Neman and Matrosovka Rivers; in dry years, the values of the pair correlation coefficients of daily water levels decrease in the studied stations; The Pregolya river (Gvardeysk gauging station) and the Instruch River (Ulyanovo gauging station) should be recommended as analogues for watercourses of the Kaliningrad region. The obtained results can be used for the development of measures for the use and protection of water resources in the region.

Introduction. When designing metal structures, many factors are taken into account, including the suppleness of joints, which affects the results of stress-strain calculations of structural elements. In the design of high-rise buildings, outriggers are provided to distribute wind loads between the core and perimeter columns, reducing horizontal displacements. Considering the suppleness in the joints of the outrigger affects the distribution of forces in the building structure elements, as well as on the building deformations. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of considering the suppleness of outrigger joints on the stress-strain state of structural elements of a steel high-rise building.Materials and methods. The research focuses on a structural model of a 60-story building with an outrigger, modelled using the ETABS software. The suppleness of the joints of the outrigger structures was determined using the IDEA StatiCa software.Results. According to the results of static calculations considering the suppleness of the outrigger joints, when placing one outrigger on the 54th floor, the maximum horizontal displacement at the top of the building increased by 2.9 % compared to calculations without considering suppleness. Placing two outriggers increased it by 4.7 %. The maximum axial force value in the outrigger brace decreased by 23 % compared to calculations without considering suppleness, while the maximum bending moment increased by 10 %.Conclusions. When calculating a high-rise building taking into account suppleness, the values of horizontal displacement at the building’s top increase within 5 %. If it is necessary to limit horizontal displacements, calculations should consider the suppleness of the joints in steel outrigger structures. Additionally, considering suppleness in calculations allows reducing the material intensity of the designed outrigger braces, as the determining force is the axial force, which decreases by about 25 % when calculated considering suppleness.

Introduction. Quantitative assessment of the structural reliability and safety level for structural solutions is an actual scientific and technical problem. The measure of reliability in this case can be the failure probability of a structural element. In practical problems of assessment and analysis of structural reliability, data on random variables can be obtained in the interval form (qualitative uncertainty), while the classic methods of reliability analysis do not allow to estimate reliability in the presence of such data. Lack of statistical data (quantitative uncertainty) is also present in practical tasks of reliability analysis.Materials and methods. The paper considers the use of the theory of evidence as an effective tool for reliability analysis of steel span structures in problems with interval uncertainty of statistical data.Results. The graphical interpretation of the reliability analysis algorithm is given. It allows to obtain clearly and operatively an estimate of the failure probability of the structural element, as well as to reduce the permissible load on the element to the required reliability level. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional models are considered for analyzing the reliability of a steel truss bar according to the buckling criterion.Conclusions. The theory of evidence allows effective modelling of various sources of uncertainties in practical engineering problems. Thus, with limited data, it is possible to get an idea of the quantitative expression of the reliability level by its lower bound, which can be increased by strengthening the element, more detailed probabilistic analysis or limiting the operational load on the structural element. By considering more non-deterministic quantities in the design, the engineer obtains a more cautious decision. When considering the cross-sectional area as a random variable, the reliability of the truss bar on the buckling was 23 % lower (lower reliability bound) than in a similar calculation with a deterministic value.

With the development of new construction technology, increasing attention is being paid to 3D printing due to its construction efficiency as well as its sustainability. Numerous researchers have determined its benefits in cost reduction, resource savings, safety assurance, etc. Although various advantages have been identified, there are limitations and challenges in technology implementation. Especially since it is a new construction method, 3D printing construction projects will have a very different supply chain compared to traditional projects. As part of a research programme investigating the 3D printing construction supply chain in a New Zealand context, this study systematically analysed the research about 3D printing adoption and supply chain challenges in the construction sector. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was adopted as the guideline for literature selection. PRISMA is designed to assist researchers in reporting the review research focus and methodology, and examining the findings from published literature. NVivo was then adopted to code and analyse the selected publications to gather the data necessary for our study. The literature was analysed from the perspectives of the research focus, research methods, and findings. Studies about 3D printing implementation, benefits and barriers, as well as its significance are also analysed. As a result, this research found existing research gaps, including the fragmented situation of management-related research in the 3D printing construction sector, insufficient research in top management for 3D printing construction implementation, and changes to supply chain management practices in 3D printing construction projects. A decision support system demo for supply chain management is drafted in this paper, which requires further study. The research outcome highlighted the existing studies in 3D printing construction implementation and supply chain, and initiated a research topic on supply chain decision making. The result contributes to the theoretical and practical development of 3D printing technology in the construction industry. This review paper also inspires future studies on supply chain frameworks and theoretical models.

As a project construction organization model, whole-process engineering consulting (WPEC) is currently being promoted in China’s engineering consulting industry. However, various factors create numerous obstacles that hinder this model’s effective promotion and application. One essential task is to deeply analyze the transmission mechanism of the influencing factors in the promotion and application of WPEC, and explore effective pathways for promoting and applying this model. This paper systematically organizes and summarizes 10 primary influencing factors and 38 secondary influencing factors for promoting WPEC. Using the complex network analysis method, a network of influencing factors for promoting WPEC, a network structure, and motif analyses are conducted. The results show that the influencing factors have a complex transmission mechanism, and complex network analysis can reveal the laws of their construction and their causes. This paper provides a systematic basis and theoretical support for the effective formulation of policies related to the promotion and application of WPEC.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS), along with cyber-biological and cybersocial systems, have recently become one of the key elements of modern infotelecommunications systems. The Internet of Things, as a revolutionary concept of the past few years, is a fundamental concept in the context of SPS. However, unlike the Internet of Things, which primarily emphasizes machine-to-machine connections, the SPS concept is based on the dualism of physical and cybernetic (information) environments. Turning to the applied field, we should note the trend towards informatization of many elements of the world around us. The degree of penetration ranges from sensors transmitting information about the state of a living organism to precise models describing the current state of an element within a smart production. This paper deals with the problem related to the control of cyber-physical systems under conditions where various random external influences are exerted on them. On the basis of game theory, the paper proposes, taking into account various criteria, to carry out the choice of control. Examples of calculations are considered.

The distinctive traits of COVID-19, which were different from other viral pathogens, quickly compelled the World Health Organization (WHO) to announce a pandemic. Many affected countries responded with different approaches to the pandemic. The disease became prevalent in the U.S. with a short delay after Asian and European regions were infected; however, the initial impacts of COVID-19 were massive, and its effects were beyond anyone’s expectations. The pandemic caused new situations for various markets, including the construction industry, and demanded additional health and safety regulations. In addition, the economic effect of COVID-19 on the construction industry became another medium- and long-term challenge for construction managers and executives. In order to examine the initial perceptions of construction professionals about the COVID-19 impacts, a study was conducted during its early appearance in the U.S. during the spring of 2020. The objective of this study was to evaluate the construction professionals’ perceptions of pandemics and further investigate the possibility and characteristics of an impact model during pandemics. A model was developed to highlight areas and aspects that are impacted by COVID-19 related to construction companies. The model examination was followed by a quantitative method to gather data and analyze the responses. An online survey was conducted in 2020 to verify the validity of the proposed model. The model maps out environments, domains, and factors impacting construction companies during pandemics. The implication of this paper is to realize the early perceptions of construction professionals about pandemics and the necessity of an impact model to handle the negative effects of any global disturbances. The results of this paper will help construction managers to recognize potentially affected areas and more effectively manage crisis response plans.

Improving productivity in construction projects has long been a major concern, and much research has been carried out to try to ameliorate construction productivity. To this end, this study aims to improve and increase the productivity rate of flat slab formwork used in residential construction projects. A survey consisting of 150 questionnaires was undertaken to identify the factors that influence on the productivity. Based on the relative Importance Index (RII), data on eleven factors deemed to affect productivity were selected. A collection of 100 data points from various sites were utilized to develop two models. Firstly, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was employed, and secondly, a parametric approach was investigated. The data were divided into two sets, with 70% of the data used for training and the remaining 30% used for testing. The models’ performance was evaluated using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values. In the test phase, the artificial neural network model yielded an MSE value of 2.6610e−4 and a MAPE value of 4.9227, whereas the parametric model produced an MSE of 0.040 and a MAPE of 9.525. It was found that the artificial neural network model provided reliable prediction accuracy compared to the parametric model. However, the artificial neural network approach can be selected as a robust model in predicting and controlling the productivity rate in local construction projects by using the developed model based on the identified factors.

This study examines the obstacles that impede the implementation of cloud computing (CC) in small-scale building projects. Based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant scholarly sources, this research paper aims to delineate the many obstacles that are often encountered during the implementation of CC. A comprehensive analysis is conducted based on the replies obtained from a survey of 217 stakeholders in the building sector. Using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methodology, this research assesses the interrelated obstacles associated with technological and operational restrictions, risk and privacy considerations, cultural dynamics, behavioural variables, unpredictability, and resource barriers. Furthermore, a model is developed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in order to get a deeper comprehension of these hindrances. The results of the EFA emphasize the significant impact of risk and privacy barriers in impeding the adoption of CC. The present study offers valuable insights that may inform policymakers in their efforts to enhance the effectiveness of construction projects by addressing the issue of data fragmentation. Through the identification and addressing of these limitations, the research study makes a valuable contribution to the optimization of data fragmentation procedures. Furthermore, it promotes the sustainability of existing building projects by facilitating the more effective exploitation of cloud computing. This paper presents a novel methodology that establishes a foundation for identifying and tackling the many barriers that impede the broad adoption of cloud computing in the construction sector.

This paper analyzes the current status of the engineering supervision process in construction and infrastructure projects in China. It discusses the existing problems, such as low efficiency of supervision, distorted monitoring data, resource waste, and environmental damage. Based on extensive literature research and combining the consensus mechanism, ECDSA encryption algorithm and so on, the paper proposes the idea of integrating blockchain technology with the engineering supervision process. This includes the decision of blockchain type, the use of digital signature technology to implement responsibility, and the construction of a hybrid blockchain system using the blockchain's consensus mechanism. The paper presents the general design, the design of the system structures, and the design of modules of the system. Through this system, project participants can verify their identities and share sensitive information confidentially, thereby improving the efficiency of supervision work and preventing data forgery, reducing resource waste, decreasing carbon emissions, and minimizing environmental damage.

Highlights This special issue explores when, why and how demolition occurs with the aim to understand its environmental, socio-economic and cultural drivers, and consequences in policy and practice alike. Based on previous research, demolition is known to have many adverse effects. The potential for avoiding building replacement (demolition and subsequent new build) and favouring retention is also in this special issue’s interest. The papers in the issue contribute insights from different scales, from the level of a building to that of a city. As a whole, the articles touch upon all types of impacts, i.e. environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects. Eight case studies from various contexts, mainly Europe, but also the US and Australia, contribute novel methods, findings and policy insights. This editorial sets the need and background for research into demolition, classifies the included papers to three categories, explains their contributions to research and practice, and outlines outstanding research gaps and agenda for further research. The papers are categorised as: (1) drivers and policies on demolition versus retention; (2) environmental and social impact assessment at building level; and (3) practical demolition decision-making. The contributions suggest, among other findings, positive environmental impacts from building retention as opposed to demolition, and discuss how policy designs from the city to the building level can either encourage or discourage retention. Due to its implications, many of which remain understudied, demolition and its alternatives should gain importance on research, design, planning, construction and real estate agendas in the years to come.

Introduction. The paper describes experimental and theoretical work on the study of the characteristics of a layered building material — thermal timber, consisting of solid wood and layers of thermal insulation. Such materials are used for construction of lightly built wooden houses of private sector and low-rise houses. The peculiarities of this type of materials is that simultaneously with the construction material — wood beam contains a layer or layers of insulation, which allows to reduce the stage of insulation of the house during its construction. Strong wood and absolutely nothing capable of carrying insulation together can give a material whose characteristics are fundamentally different from both the first and the second.Materials and methods. The influence of the number and thickness of layers of thermal insulation and wood on the strength and thermal insulation characteristics of the resulting timber is considered. Knowing the regularities of changing characteristics from the number of layers, it becomes possible to choose a rational system of alternation of wood and insulation layers. Experimental studies of beams with different number and thickness of thermal insulation and power layers were carried out, the total thickness of both power and thermal insulation layers in each beam were the same, but the sequence of laying was changed.Results. The results of the experimental study of the bending strength of the thermal timber and the calculated study of its thermal insulation characteristics are shown. Dependences of maximum loads for beams with different number of wood/insulation layers were experimentally obtained.Conclusions. As a result of the experiments it turned out that the linear bending theory cannot accurately describe the behaviour of the layered material — the withstand load grew with the increase in the number of layers.

Introduction. Restrictions imposed by Western countries on the access of the Russian financial system to international clearing systems significantly complicate the development of economic sectors that are deeply integrated into international supply chains. Among them, it is necessary to single out the construction industry, which acts as a “locomotive” for the development of many other types of economic activity. This paper is devoted to the review of emerging macroeconomic effects in the context of leveling the risks of the growth dynamics of the construction industry of the Russian Federation within the framework of the transition of the national payment system to blockchain (DLT) in the context of solving the issue of import substitution. The subject of the study is the features of the prospects for sustainable development of the Russian economy in the context of adjusting the import of construction materials.Materials and methods. The tools of building a system of recursive equations estimating macroeconomic externalities in the process of simulation modelling of blockchain use in the system of ensuring sustainable settlements with foreign counterparties, as well as correlation and regression analysis, which forms the basis for identifying the impact of the Russian construction industry on the prospects for GDP growth were applied.Results. The short-term potential of possible slowdown of Russia’s GDP growth (–0.45 % per year) as part of the localization of import supplies of building materials. It is substantiated that the risks of limiting the supply of building materials can be ensured through the introduction of blockchain technologies into the system of cross-border payments of the Russian Federation, which form a new basis for the movement of cash flows.Conclusions. The value of the obtained research results consists in the identified and empirically substantiated risks of slowing down the development of the construction industry and the national economy of the Russian Federation as a whole within the framework of possible localization of supplies of building materials from abroad as a result of sanctions pressure on financial markets. It is substantiated that the creation of regional blockchain platforms on a global scale can act as a tool for leveling risks, providing the possibility of stability and independence of the formation of transnational supply chains from global clearing services.

Introduction. The paper substantiates the relevance of creating and improving digital tools for complex scientific research and development work based on the information model of a construction object at all stages of the life cycle. The research focuses on environmentally safe (green) construction in the northern and Arctic regions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate a set of criteria for “green” for the northern and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of logically interrelated models: a design model, a full-scale model, mathematical models and a digital twin model. The main criteria include energy efficiency and environmental safety of buildings.Materials and methods. The objects of the study are two twin buildings designed and built according to the programme of scientific research in the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. The objects are identical, but the conditions of their functioning are different. The methodology of complex scientific research for each stage of the life cycle of objects is proposed. The methods of comparative analysis and the method of expert assessments were used, as well as the methods presented in the normative and technical documents of the technical regulation system of the Russian Federation related to the technological aspects of construction.Results. Four groups of basic construction criteria for the northern and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation are defined: external environment; internal environment; materials and technologies; energy efficiency. The Research Information Model (RIM) was developed as a tool for comprehensive scientific research in the field of construction technologies in the northern and Arctic regions. The practical implementation of the results of the study at the two above-mentioned facilities, including digital monitoring of the condition of the facilities for two years (2021–2023), is considered. Prospects for the continuation of the research are determined.Conclusions. The necessity of the development is justified and the expediency of using the developed information model of research is confirmed by the example of two constructed objects. The experience of using the main blocks of the model and digital monitoring of the condition of objects for two years has confirmed the expediency of using information modelling and continuing research to improve construction technologies in the northern and Arctic regions.

Introduction. The study was carried out to determine the possible causes of damage to the finishing plaster coverings on the facades of historical stone buildings, built in St. Petersburg before 1917, as a result of their humidification and subsequent frost destruction.Materials and methods. The mechanism of humidification of a homogeneous wall structure plastered on both sides due to the moisture transfer from the room to the environment through the wall thickness due to the difference in partial pressures of water vapour from inside and outside the room during the cold season is studied. The paper provides the graphs of the distribution of the actual and maximum partial pressures of water vapour over the thickness of the wall structure, depending on the type of plaster covering, for two calculated cases — for the conditions of the coldest month and the coldest five-day period in St. Petersburg.Results. It is revealed that for the conditions of the coldest month in St. Petersburg, the actual partial pressure of water vapour in the thickness of the wall structure under consideration does not exceed the maximum, which indicates the absence of conditions for moisture condensation in the thickness of the wall envelope. However, as the vapour permeability of the external plaster decreases, the curves of the distribution of the actual and maximum partial pressures converge at the interface of the stone base and the plaster covering. For the conditions of the coldest five-day period, the actual partial pressure of water vapour already at a distance of 135 mm from the inner surface exceeds the maximum partial pressure, which indicates a high risk of moisture condensation, and this risk is the higher the less vapour permeable the plaster covering is.Conclusions. It is proven that when the coldest outdoor temperatures are established, there is a high probability of condensation of water vapour in the thickness of the wall structure under consideration. The highest risk of freezing of the condensable moisture will be observed at the interface of stone base with the external plaster. Freezing of moisture in cracks and voids in the contact zone of the stone base and the plaster covering can lead to water trapping, the occurrence of significant internal stresses in the finishing layer and, as a result, to its gradual damage, up to the loss of individual fragments of plaster.

Despite the growing emphasis on workplace diversity and inclusion, ageism remains prevalent in various industries, including construction. Through an extensive review of literature and a United States national-level survey, this paper investigates the adverse impacts of ageism on the overall well-being of the construction workforce, focusing on their mental and physical health. The questionnaire was distributed among individuals working in the construction industry sector who were randomly selected and received 72 responses. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using binomial logistic regression in modeling the relationship between ageism, and mental and physical health of the construction workforce. The research results indicate that ageism has a statistically significant (p < .001) positive relationship between both the mental and physical health of the construction workforce. The results, therefore, show that ageism has an impact on the mental and physical well-being of workers in the construction industry. Furthermore, the results show that individuals in the construction workforce who experience ageism are more likely to have their mental health and physical well-being impacted compared to those who don’t experience ageism. Consequently, the results highlight the need for proactive measures to combat age discrimination and promote a healthier and more inclusive work environment for construction workers of all ages.

Introduction. The problem of preservation of decorative elements on the roofs of multi-apartment residential buildings is considered. The authors note the historical and architectural value of such structures in creating the appearance of the city. An analysis of the current technical condition of decorative elements of roofs is carried out using the example of individual apartment buildings in Samara and, based on a comprehensive analysis, recommendations are given for their further operation. The problematics is investigated by the authors using the example of Samara city and, accordingly, are based on the practical basis of this city. At the same time, the questions and proposals posed in the paper are relevant and can be extended to the residential development of most Russian cities. This is due to the fact that the organizational and legal field of this problem is established at the level of federal legislation, and in the regions it develops only in the form of not the most significant features.Materials and methods. When developing the present problem, the authors used a set of generally accepted research methods — observation, comparison, measurement, abstraction — in adaptation to the object and subject of research. The research is based on the materials and results of the author’s own research in relation to technical, cost and regulatory parameters of the repair of decorative elements of flat roofs of multi-apartment high-rise buildings, made according to a standard and individual project in Samara city.Results. The regulatory and legal framework in force in relation to the overhaul of the common property of an apartment building is analyzed. Defects and problems were identified — corrosion of metal structures, destruction of wooden elements. The impact of dismantling of structures on the appearance of buildings is assessed. A comparative assessment of the cost of repair and restoration of roof elements is given. The current regulatory framework for overhaul in apartment buildings is analyzed. It is noted that there is no clear regulation of financing the repair of the roof structures under consideration. The estimated cost of overhaul of additional roof elements is determined according to alternative options for its production. The conclusion is made about the need for an integrated approach, taking into account the technical condition, financial capabilities and legal regulation to solve the identified problem.Conclusions. Proposals are made to improve the normative-methodical and normative-technical mechanisms to ensure the safety of historically and architecturally valuable elements of roofs and the safe operation of apartment buildings in Samara.

Introduction. The Republic of Belarus is one of the first countries on the territory of the CIS, which introduced European design standards (Eurocodes) on its territory, while preserving the effect of building standards developed on the basis of Soviet SNIP. The republic accumulated considerable experience in the practical application and comparative analysis of these two systems of standards. The relevance of this study is contained in the discovery of the most distinctive features of normative documents, on the basis of which it is possible to determine further directions of scientific research and improvement of domestic norms.Materials and methods. Analysis and generalization of experience.Results. The paper presents the results of generalization of the experience of practical application and comparative analysis of Eurocode and CP in relation to the design of steel structures. The analysis of partial factors, classification of cross sections, welded and bolted joints is given.Conclusions. Methodological approaches to checking limit states and ensuring the reliability of steel structures in CP and Eurocodes are very similar, but there are differences in the values and sets of partial factors. When designing steel structures according to Eurocode, the methods of classification of cross-sections of rolled profiles produced according to GOST or TS need to be adjusted. Eurocode 3 provides more possibilities in the design of welded and bolted joints.

Introduction. When choosing the Engineering, Procurement, Construction (EPC) contract model, the life cycle of construction projects is managed by a specialized contractor organization. This form of construction project management is relatively new for Russian developers, and its successful implementation depends on various organizational and technical solutions, in particular, logistics management. The research problem is related to the existing risks of organizing the supply of material and technical resources during the implementation of construction projects using the EPC model, which have a negative impact on the most important indicators of construction efficiency, such as timing and cost. The paper describes strategies for preventing risk events that occur when planning the supply of material and technical resources during the life cycle of construction projects (risks of price changes, risks of violation of contractual obligations, risks of changes in the quality of delivery, reputational risks and risks of significant changes in demand). The problems of risk mitigation using lean manufacturing tools were solved.Materials and methods. The methodology and standards of project management as applied to the processes of material and technical support of construction, as well as methods of calendar-network planning, methods of project content decomposition, methods of contract strategy of construction projects implementation and elements of the methodology of package-node method of construction were used.Results. The results of the research are described and recommendations are given for the practical use of the flexible project management tool known in international practice as Just In Time.Conclusions. A justification for the use of the proposed planning tool as an activity to reduce risks associated with the supply of materials and improve the efficiency of life cycle management of construction projects is presented.

Introduction. The available methods of assessment of bearing capacity by deformations of foundations mainly take into account single static loads of short duration or cyclic loads with unchanged values during the whole period of operation. The effect of cyclic loading of non-stationary regimes on the behavior of soil bases is practically not studied. In this connection, the research was carried out to develop a method for calculating the settlement of the bearing capacity of clay foundations under block cyclic loading.Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose of this paper, experimental studies of clay foundations in triaxial compression and tray test devices, as well as theoretical studies to determine the bearing capacity and settlement of clay foundations under different loading regimes were carried out.Results. On the basis of existing calculations of bearing capacity and settlement of foundations and the study of the behavior of clay soils under cyclic loads, the equations in compact form are obtained, which make it possible to take into account the peculiarities of deformation of clay soils significantly reducing the complexity and accuracy of the calculations. The development of methods for calculating the bearing capacity and settlement of clay foundations under block cyclic loads is at a sufficiently high level.Conclusions. A method for calculating the bearing capacity of clay foundations under block cyclic loading is proposed and an engineering method for calculating the settlement of clay foundations is developed, based on the method of layer-by-layer summation, which takes into account the simultaneous change in the spatial stress-strain state and mechanical characteristics of soils in the process of mode block cyclic loading.

Abstract Smart building technology has received a broad audience due to digitalisation and benefits in the construction industry. With global interest, the construction of smart buildings has become a new trend in development. Many studies identified a significant interest in the smart building technology application more than in conventional buildings. However, in developing countries, construction professionals have paid little attention to the adoption of smart building technology. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the benefits that are attached to the adoption of smart building technology (SBT) in the construction industry. The study is based on a systematic review of published articles in peer-reviewed journals and conferences. A total of 55 papers comprising conferences and journal articles retrieved from Scopus database were utilised for the study. The study's findings revealed efficient energy consumption, cost-effective building maintenance and operation, job creation, health care management, real-time monitoring, safety and security, among others, as benefits of smart building technologies (SBTs). For smart building technology to thrive in emerging economies, a comprehensive understanding of its benefits is highly imperative. This will not only promote construction professionals' knowledge of its concept but also enhance its successful adoption in these regions. Thus, the paper provides some insights into the benefit of smart building technology in developing countries while suggesting the formation of a synergic structure between the research community and practitioners in the construction sector. Article highlight Smart building promotes sustainability in the construction industry. Productivity, collaboration and security increase smart building adoption. Rigorous studies on smart building benefits are limited in developing countries.

The primary consumer of natural resources is the construction industry. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to assess the factors influencing circular economy practices in building construction projects in Ondo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained reveals that economic factors, such as cost-effectiveness (mean = 3.61) and financial viability (mean = 4.11), emerged as primary drivers for adopting CE practices. However, regulatory frameworks were found lacking in promoting CE principles (mean = 1.95). While technological factors like advanced technology usage scored low (mean = 2.29), the employment of innovative technologies for material repurposing was higher (mean = 3.92). Organizational commitment to integrating CE principles received a moderate score (mean = 3.23). The study recommended the need for improved regulatory support, stronger economic incentives, enhanced technological integration, and increased organizational and community engagement to effectively foster CE practices in the construction sector.

Judicious use of Indigenous Construction Materials (ICM) contributes to sustainability of a local construction industry. Why has the use of ICMs not contributed to the sustainability of the Ghanaian Construction Industry (GCI), and how can the use of ICMs engender the sustainability of GCI and that of similar developing countries? This paper uses bounded rationality and mixed-method strategy to explain the ICM usage rate in the GCI, and describes measures for improving the sustainability of the local construction industry through ICMs use. Relatively high ICM cost and non-availability of alternatives have been found as factors largely responsible for constrained ICMs usage. This paper is one of the first to draw on a synergy of the bounded rationality theory and empirical findings to give advanced insight into factors constraining the use of ICMs, as well as provide a measured usage rate of local building materials using real building projects cases. The research has carved a path for nurturing sustainable construction industry in developing countries through indigenous resources.

Purpose – This research studies the behavior choice of key actors in the construction supply chain and constructs a model which includes the benefit function of the government, contractors and owners, aiming at improving the coverage of green buildings. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, tripartite dynamic game is studied and simulated based on duplicate dynamic equation. The tripartite game under government intervention is rarely considered, and government punishment measures are seldom introduced into the research. Findings – According to the simulation results, the practical insights in line with the development of green supply chain are put forward. Rewards and punishments affect the development of the supply chain. New technologies and new materials accelerate the development of green supply chain and then improve the coverage of green buildings. Research limitations/implications – This paper constructs a dynamic model based on complete information rationality, which is difficult to realize in practice, for information is incomplete and human rationality is limited. Originality/value – In fact, the government has not issued a punishment document to introduce a new variable adjustment model.

Introduction. Aluminium alloys are characterized by the absence of a cold fracture threshold, have high strength and ductility characteristics at low temperatures. However, the norms do not provide the design of aluminium structures that take cyclic force effects at low temperatures. In this regard, there is a need to study the properties and mechanisms of deformation and destruction of aluminium alloys to assess the possibility of their use in the Far North, as well as well as for the inner shells of isothermal reservoirs.Materials and methods. The mechanical properties of structural aluminium alloys 1915, 1565ch and 6082 (similar to AD35) were studied. The specimens were tested for uniaxial tensile strength, impact toughness and fatigue strength, and the characteristics of static crack resistance were determined. The tests were carried out using Instron 8802, Instron 1000HDX, LabTex machines and Instron 450 MPX pendulum coper according to the relevant GOST standards of Russia.Results. Experimental dependences of strength and elastic characteristics (tensile strength, offset yield strength, modulus of elasticity), as well as deformative ones (relative elongation and contraction of the cross-sectional area of specimens) of the studied alloys on the test temperature are obtained. The change of character of deformation of aluminium alloys with decrease in temperature is shown. The results of deformation and fracture resistance under conditions of impact bending and eccentric tension in the temperature range from –104...+20 °C are presented. Fracture toughness (crack resistance) was estimated according to the criteria of fracture mechanics when testing standard specimens with fatigue cracks. The paper also shows the limited limits of endurance based on 2 · 106, 107 cycles of the studied alloys at positive and negative temperatures.Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to reasonably select materials, assign loads when designing structures made of aluminium alloys and evaluate their service life.

Introduction. The lower Sai Gon – Dong Nai area in general and Ho Chi Minh City in particular is a major economic and financial centre of Viet Nam, but faces many pressing problems, of which the unresolved are housing shortages and flooding. This paper presents the results of a study of flooding in the lower reaches of the rivers Sai Gon – Dong Nai.Materials and methods. This study uses the MIKE 11, MIKE 21 and MIKE FLOOD models to estimate the area and depth of flooding with and without flood control structures, providing a benchmark for each building and flood zone.Results. The calculation results showed that the commissioning of flood control structures will help protect the central areas of the city from flooding, the flood area will decrease, while the flooding of external areas during the operation of hydraulic structures increases.Conclusions. Calculating the depth for each flood zone and establishing reference-building elevations necessary for spatial planning can provide scientific input to the Ho Chi Minh City planning and construction management authorities in developing measures to minimize flood damage in the near future.

Introduction. In the current process of climate change, the phenomenon of unusual rainfall and flooding is causing widespread flooding and causing great loss of life and property. In addition, the most vulnerable structures are dams and reservoirs. A dam failure causes a disaster that can threaten human lives and entire socio-economic activities. There are many causes of dam failure, of which hydraulic fracturing is considered one of the most likely causes as it causes concentrated seepage leading to the risk of dam failure. Hydraulic fracturing is a process in which cracks form in soil or rock and then propagate under water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing is not a new topic, nor is it an old one, receiving a lot of attention from scientists, but it is still a controversial issue. Many opinions are given. This paper aims to summarize the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing based on previous studies and at the same time proposes some methods to prevent hydraulic fracturing in an earthen dam.Materials and methods. Literature analysis of sources related to the phenomenon of hydraulic fracturing.Results. Hydraulic fracturing is closely related to the phenomena of differential settlement of dam soils and building structures. In earth-fill dams, the phenomenon of differential settlement often occurs in the areas between the fill soil of the dam and the side masses of the dam site, fill soil and concrete structures such as culverts and spillways, foundation structural elements, the impermeable core of the dam and adjacent soil zones. Based on an analysis of the causes of hydraulic fracturing, a number of measures were proposed to reduce the risk of hydraulic fracturing.Conclusions. Hydraulic fracturing, that is, the formation of cracks and cavities in the soil mass, which contribute to the formation of concentrated seepage paths. The occurrence of hydraulic fracturing increases the likelihood of seepage instability in the dam, which affects the safety of the dam and can lead to serious damage. Implementing hydraulic fracturing prevention techniques is critical to ensuring safe dam operating conditions.

Background. The topic of the article is timely. Many interesting and technically quite feasible ideas in equipping the stage were not implemented in the theater due to the lack of direct groundwork and limited time resources. Problem statement. Generalization of the latest experience in the field of theatrical machinery requires raising the issue to the level of an interdisciplinary scientific direction based on mechanics, mechatronics and robotics. Purpose. The need to implement the increasingly complex ideas of performance directors in a modern theater requires the improvement of demonstration equipment, primarily theatrical machinery based on new scientific achievements and modern technical means of mechanization and automation. Research methods. Special stage robots can have a very different appearance, for example, they can be zoomorphic or anthropomorphic, but while maintaining the style of constructivism, they can have a man-made appearance. Such robots can perform complex movements, while they usually have numerous moving parts with independent drives. To provide flexible motion control capabilities with a focus on spectator perception, it is required to use microprocessor control with coordination from central control computers. Results. When setting requirements for such a technique, the orientation towards visual perception is specific, which is also used in demonstration robotics. Based on the scientific generalization of previous and new experience in creating technical equipment for theatrical productions of large theaters, the paper describes and characterizes typical tasks of creating and working out a scientific base for creating modern and promising equipment for theatrical productions based on general principles and practical methods of mechanics, mechatronics and robotics.

Rejection of metal products is an important stage of the production process aimed at ensuring the best quality of the final product. Traditional rejection methods, based on visual inspection or the use of simple automated systems, have their limitations and disadvantages, such as low speed and accuracy of defect classification. The paper examines the possibility of using various machine learning methods to classify defects in metal products. A comparative analysis of these algorithms, as well as their effectiveness, is carried out in order to determine the most suitable approach to the automatic rejection of metal products.

To date, one of the important and urgent tasks of the science of electrodynamics is to study the scattering characteristics of various complex electrodynamic objects. Among them, hollow structures can be distinguished, which are part of antenna systems and structures of various technical facilities. Their contribution to the levels of electromagnetic fields in the anterior hemisphere can be quite large. The correct solution to the problem of scattering of electromagnetic wave scattering characteristics is associated with the use of appropriate methods. The paper considers the solution of the problem based on the method of integral equations. During the analysis of the two-frequency effect, the use of the wavelet transform is considered.

When managing organizations, it is necessary in many cases to implement personnel management procedures. The paper proposes to use the methodology of cognitive modeling. Then the most effective management decisions and scenarios for the development of events can be selected using the fact that concepts are distinguished that will characterize the current situation in a qualitative and quantitative way. In addition, estimates of the mutual influence of factors are considered. The method of cognitive modeling of the processes of managing the development of the organization's personnel is proposed. In the course of its implementation, cognitive maps are formed. A block diagram aimed at cognitive and simulation dynamic analysis and modeling is presented. The implementation of the development of strategies and forecasts of how the personnel of the organization will develop with the involvement of a cognitive approach is considered in the form of the presented analytical technology. Suggestions for an intelligent advising system are given. The functions that are designed to solve problems related to the development of the company's personnel are shown. In the results, based on the proposed approach, an illustration of the developed scheme of causal relationships in the analysis of violations of technological discipline is given. The results of the work can be useful in modeling and managing the work of personnel in corporate information systems.

Introduction. One of the main tasks of the theory of oscillations of building structures is the determination of the fundamental frequency of natural oscillations. Analytical solutions are rare here and, as a rule, are based on approximate estimates of the first frequency from above (Rayleigh’s method) or from below (Dunkerley’s estimate). Most often, the problem of natural oscillations is solved numerically by the finite element method using specialized packages. In this paper, the task is to derive analytical estimates of the dependence of the first oscillation frequency of a lattice truss on the number of panels, the geometric characteristics of the structure, and the parameters of the elastic properties of the material.Materials and methods. A flat statically determinable lattice is supported by its base on struts. The angular support is a fixed joint. Calculation of forces in structural elements is performed by cutting out nodes using standard operators of the Maple symbolic mathematics system. The rigidity of the truss is found by the Maxwell – Mohr formula. The mass of the truss is distributed uniformly over its nodes. Mass oscillations occur vertically. By generalizing a series of solutions for trusses with a successively increasing order to an arbitrary number of panels, the desired formulas are derived by induction.Results. A case of kinematic variability of the proposed truss scheme was noticed. Formulas for the first frequency are obtained by the Dunkerley and Rayleigh method. The two analytical solutions are compared with the numerical solution obtained for the entire frequency spectrum. Spectral constants and resonant safety regions were discovered in the spectra of a family of regular trusses.Conclusions. The two-sided method for estimating the first frequency is applicable to solving problems on regular constructions, where the final formula includes the order of regularity as a parameter. For the construction under consideration, the error of the Rayleigh method is comparable to the error of the Dunkerley method.

Introduction. Large-scale field studies of the destruction of brickwork carried out by the author in many regions of the world showed that the approach to the research of the durability of building ceramics based on the strength parameter and the frost resistance parameter are not indicative. These parameters do not make it possible to obtain a temporary value of the durability of the material, but are just the basis for an expert assessment.Materials and methods. This paper proves the scientific hypothesis put forward by the author that the destruction of brick material in the brickwork of enclosing structures occurs under the influence of chemical corrosion processes. The process of chemical corrosion is described, the results of thermodynamic calculations of chemical processes are briefly presented. A brief description of the methods of studying the durability of the building ceramics material, which have now received the status of standards, is given.Results. The results of laboratory studies of the process of chemical destruction of the building ceramics material, as well as calculations of the durability of the building ceramics material performed on the basis of the developed method of calculating the durability of the material are presented.Conclusions. Based on the developed theoretical justification and laboratory studies of the process of chemical destruction of the wall ceramics material, it is concluded that the created research methodology and calculation method allow to determine the durability of the material at any stage of its operation.

Introduction. Dynamic development of retail trade in construction materials increases the requirements for timely delivery of goods to store warehouses. Well-established classical algorithms are focused on calculating the target inventory by taking into account the sales history, which characterizes real demand, because it is subject to distortions caused by the influence of marketing campaigns, stock shortages and abnormal sales. Under such conditions, it is incorrect to predict inventories using the classical algorithm. The evolution of forecasting methods is characterized by a shift in emphasis from demand for goods to inventory management. For this reason, it is necessary to develop the practice of modelling orders to suppliers of construction materials. In turn, there is a problem of forecasting the supply of stocks of construction materials. The purpose of the paper is to assess the capabilities of existing methods of forecasting stocks of construction materials of a particular group during deliveries. Research objectives: to analyze the possibilities of existing forecasting methods for the task of inventory management; to carry out the necessary statistical calculations for forecasting inventories.Materials and methods. Methods of theoretical analysis of scientific literature, statistical data analysis and comparative analysis, method of calculating the root mean square error of modelling RMSE, Holt method and simulation modelling were used for the research tasks.Results. Based on the root mean square error of the RMSE modeling, the size of the error is established for each of the analyzed inventory forecasting methods.Conclusions. Based on the calculations, it is determined that the most optimal method for forecasting inventories of construction materials is the method of simulation modelling, since it allows forecasting with the smallest degree of error.

Introduction. The authors of the paper studied the issue of competition in the modern Russian market of the residential real estate. A little-studied aspect — the choice of the lexical means and forms contributing to better sales — is studied.Materials and methods. Works of domestic and foreign authors, as well as the content from official websites, prospects, outdoor advertizing and information from some of the largest developers operating in Moscow and Moscow region were considered as the materials of the research. The authors used such methods as observation, description, poll, quantitative statistical analysis, comparative analysis, structural analysis, semantic-stylistic analysis, frequency analysis, etc.Results. The authors studied the influence of language image on pricing and popularity among buyers in the market of the residential real estate. The analysis of offers of the largest developers operating in Moscow and Moscow region confirmed the assumption that the best sales, as well as the formation of higher prices, are promoted by the use of foreign words in the names of housing estates, foreign loan words to denote rooms and spaces (“lounge zone”, “play-hub”, co-working), epithets like “club house”, etc.Conclusions. As the result of the conducted research, the authors made the conclusion, that language images in names, in the description and advertizing of housing estates are an effective instrument to increase their competitiveness, better market promotion and profitable sales at higher prices. The idea that there is also a downside to this phenomenon and it is put forward as a debatable point: the language image, which forms an image of the housing estate as elite, closed, accessible only to a narrow circle of residents, and at the same time self-sufficient, providing them not only with housing, but also with a wide range of social and domestic services and even business space, leads to isolation and some kind of enclave in such complexes. Nowadays there is an a desocialization of the residents of housing estates, spreading a lifestyle that does not involve unnecessary contacts in the “outside world”, and in fact, that means the formation of a new paradigm in housing construction and a new urban philosophy.