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In this article, we address the central topic of the call for papers, childhood educates space, from the perspective of children’s and young people’s spatial knowledge. We argue that both childhood and youth educate as much as are educated by space. To shed light on this dynamic and complex interaction, we focus on the arenas and agencies at play within the production and acquisition of spatial knowledge. The term arena refers to the spatial conditions that delineate an area of activity related to the production and acquisition of spatial knowledge, and agency denotes the crucial means, agents, and tools that are instrumental in and buttress such area of activity. To render operative the analysis, we draw on two driving themes: (i) the gradual development of a comprehensive conception of space and (ii) its accompanying (and traversing) learning processes. Moreover, to substantiate the assertion that education between childhood and youth and space is mutually constitutive, we present a selection of findings from a qualitative meta-analysis conducted to reconstruct the evolution of young people’s spatial knowledge from the 1970s onwards. All in all, we claim that the process of production and acquisition of spatial knowledge forms the basis of, on the one hand, the keenness and depth of the perception that children and young people have of the physical world and, on the other, the ways they subjectively and symbolically characterize it.

In this paper, we propose an eco-epidemiological mathematical model in order to describe the effect of migration on the dynamics of a prey–predator population. The functional response of the predator is governed by the Holling type II function. First, from the perspective of mathematical results, we develop results concerning the existence, uniqueness, positivity, boundedness, and dissipativity of solutions. Besides, many thresholds have been computed and used to investigate the local and global stability results by using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion and Lyapunov principle, respectively. We have also established the appearance of limit cycles resulting from the Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulations are performed to explore the effect of migration on the dynamic of prey and predator populations.

The main contention of this paper is that, no matter whether one is a true believer or a professed atheist, religion remains a relevant social phenomenon. Serious scholars have written about an eclipse of the sacred in industrial societies through a sad confusion between «sacred» and «religious». The «religious» as a commodity administered by an organized church might well be in a state of crisis. But the «sacred» is actually the meta-human element that makes mankind exist and develop beyond the so-called «laws» of the market.

In this follow up paper, the ribovirocell concept from the first part of the study is linked to the ontological realm of human reality before, during and in the aftermath of COVID19. During this fluid space-time, human reality is multi-faceted and often very complicated. The authors present a division of the reality into fundamental reality and situational reality. Fundamental reality is based on the (physical) laws of nature such as the speed of light as a fundamental physical constant. This reality spans beyond the course of time as perceived by humans, which is beyond the duration of a single or multiple human lifespans and beyond the duration of the COIVD19 pandemic. Next to fundamental reality and overlapping with it, exists the situational reality, which humans experience directly themselves during their lifetime(s). Actions of humanity and of individual human beings contribute to the shaping of the situational reality. Examples of the situational reality can be e.g. experiencing atrocities that humanity has committed, humanity’s actions to prevent such atrocities in the future, as well as human progress in eliminating poverty/inequality in the world. At least, some aspects of human lives take place at the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality. The COVID19 pandemic is linked to the concepts and the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality that human’s experiences, such as speed of pandemic impact and shifting nature of reality. The ribovirocell state of one’s self is linked to the way to apply the speed as a threshold concept for resilience in the coronavirus space-time and the post-COVID19 world.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects, not only on public health but also on the global economy, social interactions, and daily life. It has highlighted the importance of global cooperation and the need for more investment in public health and emergency preparedness. The pandemic also exposed weaknesses in many countries’ educational management systems; it has forced many higher education institutions to adopt new teaching and learning methods to minimize the risk of transmission. This resulted in the need for comparative studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different pedagogical responses and to find common ground on the most effective practices and responses that would help higher education institutions better prepare for similar challenges in the future. The present study provides a comparative study and outcomes through a record of the pedagogical responses by higher education authorities in two completely different contexts (Algeria and the UK). The authors of the paper adopted a desktop analysis approach through valid and first-hand reliable sources like government and university official releases. This research methodology would involve a systematic and rigorous approach to data collection and analysis to ensure the reliability and validity of the research findings. Through coding and thematic analysis of the collected data, the researchers concluded that the efficiency of the responses and decisions adopted by higher education institutions varied depending on a range of factors such as the institution’s resources, infrastructure, and student population. However, the pandemic highlighted the need for agile and serious responses to ensure the safety and well-being of students and the campus community.

The paper examines the efforts to enhance regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and how this has increased engagement between the EU and the Western Balkans. The regional initiatives are more present when the European Union (EU) shows little interest in the Western Balkans region. However, these efforts have yet to address all the concerns adequately and have not brought to life tangible results despite many political declarations. One of the most commented initiatives, like the Open Balkans, has caused concern in the region and caused tension between Kosovo and Albania over the past few years. The paper enlightens the challenges of regional cooperation during the last years, the contribution of this process in the integration process, and the role played by Albania. Also, the paper tries to analyze the success and failures of the “Open Balkan” initiative and the Regional Common Market. Furthermore, the paper framework examined the progress of regional cooperation initiatives and the region’s attention to the European integration process. Additionally, the paper seeks to determine whether regional cooperation is a viable alternative for the region or merely an external-driven initiative and the role of the EU in promoting regional cooperation.

It is widely known that in the exchange rate market there are three factors influential to determine the currency exchange rate between the related countries in theory; i.e., the interest rate, inflation, and expectation on the exchange rate. This paper aims to find how the exchange rate between U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen, both of which are widely recognized as major currencies in the international financial market, are affected by the four key variables selected here in this paper related to these three factors under the recent inflationary economic environment; i.e., interest rate yield of the two year treasury bond, inflation rate, and the two moving average of the exchange rate to be considered as rational expectation on the movement of the exchange rate. As result it is our discovery that the selected predicator variables have been influential to the daily volatility and monthly movement of the exchange rate of the Japanese Yen /US $ with evidence the two different models of the regression analysis are able to show the exchange rate are significantly correlated with these four key variables and strongly affected by them. Also, over 30-month study period, the interest rate parity or the purchasing power parity did not hold because of the strong US dollar and the continuous increase in interest rate yield during the rapid inflation in the US economy.

In today's financial landscape, individuals face challenges when it comes to determining the most effective investment strategies. Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a recent and enticing option for investment. This paper focuses on forecasting the price of Ethereum using two distinct methods: artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods like Genetic Algorithms (GA), and econometric models such as regression analysis and time series models. The study incorporates economic indicators such as Crude Oil Prices and the Federal Funds Effective Rate, as well as global indices like the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Standard and Poor's 500, as input variables for prediction. To achieve accurate predictions for Ethereum's price one day ahead, we develop a hybrid algorithm combining Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Furthermore, regression analysis serves as an additional prediction tool. Additionally, we employ the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model to assess the relationships between variables (dependent and independent variables). To evaluate the performance of our chosen methods, we utilize daily historical data encompassing economic and global indices from the beginning of 2019 until the end of 2021. The results demonstrate the superiority of AI-based approaches over econometric methods in terms of predictability, as evidenced by lower loss functions and increased accuracy. Moreover, our findings suggest that the AI approach enhances computational speed while maintaining accuracy and minimizing errors.

Several factors are thought to influence second language acquisition (SLA). The concepts of motivation and self-efficacy are frequently linked to SLA success. In terms of linguistic outcomes, motivation is a significant contributor, whereas self-efficacy is a component of social, metacognitive, and cognitive strategies. Students with varying levels of motivation and self-efficacy attribute diverse reasons for their success and failure in learning a second language, so these elements are crucial in determining one's level of success in learning a second language. The purpose of this study is to analyze self-efficacy and motivation as contributing factors to second language acquisition. This paper gathered and reviewed journal articles on motivation and self-efficacy in second language acquisition from a variety of journals in the field using thematic analysis. The method for this study uses a literature review in order to demonstrate the contribution of the factors self-efficacy and motivations to second language acquisition. It is expected that self-efficacy and motivation improve students' learning performance in a variety of language skills. The implications of this study benefit language teachers by helping learners create positive beliefs about themselves and improve their confidence about their abilities to learn a second language.

A computational and theoretical investigation of acoustical and vibrational properties of rigid thin fiberglass material was carried out for different boundary conditions. Fiberglass materials could be applied in industries varying from the aircraft and automotive sectors to the built environment and construction sectors. Plate vibration and acoustic radiation were applied to predict the deflection of the thin fiberglass material and sound radiation efficiency at different locations on its surface, while a study-controlled equation of motion known as the Kirchhoff thin plate theory was applied for a COMSOL simulation of the thin material to determine the deflection of the plate and to obtain stress distribution, velocity contour, displacement, and acoustic pressure at the first resonance of the material. The results of this paper show that thin fiberglass material could be applied to sandwich building elements to form panels for reducing airborne noise and to lessen the sound transmission of structural borne noise, to cover noise barriers to make them more sustainable and weather resistant, to dampen the vibration of machines, and to reduce the structural vibration of buildings.