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The widespread use of mobile devices and laptops has replaced traditional paper-based learning and the question of how the brain efficiency of digital tablet-based learning differs from that of paper-based learning remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in brain efficiency for learning between paper-based and digital tablet-based learning by measuring activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned to the paper-based learning or the digital tablet-based learning group. Subjects in each group performed a memory task that required memorizing a three-minute novel (encoding phase) on a paper or digital tablet, followed by a test in which they answered four multiple-choice questions based on the novel’s content. To compare both groups, behavioral performance on the test (retrieval phase) and activity in the PFC were measured. As a result, no significant difference in behavioral performance between both groups was observed (p > 0.05). However, the paper-based learning group showed significantly lower activity in the PFC in the encoding phase than the digital tablet-based learning group (p < 0.05) but not in the retrieval phase. The current study demonstrated that brain efficiency in encoding is higher in subjects with paper-based learning than those with digital tablet-based learning. This finding has important implications for education, particularly in terms of the pros and cons of electronic document-based learning.

This article analyzes the social production of space in Atenquique, an industrial town in the southern region of Jalisco in western Mexico. The theoretical framework draws on insights from critical geography. Through the case of Atenquique we reflect on the transformation of the area from the beginning of the neoliberal period in Mexico. Neoliberalism ushered in the growth of precarious and insecure working conditions, something which has deepened over the past several decades. The methodology employed is based on ethnographic research undertaken over a period of four months in Atenquique. During this time period we used three different audiovisual methods to collect information: photography, oral history and the production of an ethnographic documentary film. The results of the study show how the ex-inhabitants of Atenquique have knit together complex constructions- both material and symbolic- that provide insight on how the changes of the past several decades have affected the area. In the conclusions, we return to the broader debates on the local and territorial consequences of the implementation of the neoliberal policies in Mexico.

The Oxford Times ran a headline in May 1896 that stated in bold capitals ‘STRANGE DEATH OF A HINDOO’, detailing the circumstances of the death of Baboo Mookhi Singh, who, it seems, was the first (known) Indian grocer in Oxford. While today, the pioneering research by Rozina Visram related to the presence of Asians in Britain, that of Antoinette Burton in the late-Victorian period, or Michael Fisher’s work on counterflows to colonialism, is not new, the majority of research regarding the presence of Indians in the British Isles is either scant for this period of time, or related to ayahs and lascars, or to poets, intellectuals, and aristocrats, with considerable research also related to the Indian military. The majority of times, that research has also focused solely on London. The originality of this research paper provides material heretofore undocumented related to an early settler in Oxford from India (1880s–1890s): Baboo Mookhi Singh (1867–1893), Oxford’s first grocer, and tea importer from India. He originated from Benaras (Varanasi) and arrived in Britain, where he set up a business in the centre of Oxford. However, what he encountered there was name-calling, verbal as well as physical harassment, and ultimately his death in strange circumstances. He seemingly came alone, although his import business, which boasted the best tea not only in Oxford, but in the whole country, was run by the ‘Singh Brothers’ (his brother remaining in India). While Singh most certainly travelled via the Suez Canal to Britain, the country to which he was travelling would have been both familiar and unfamiliar to him. However, due to the lack of resources available, all too often common people, such as Singh, have been neglected. In this article, newspaper reports and material from the numerous trials (mostly initiated by Singh against the local people and his immediate neighbours) are brought together, as well as the coroner’s reports, and the police notes to determine Singh’s struggle for recognition, and his attempt at resistance. This paper documents his struggle for cultural/geographic space, to redress the imbalance of power, and gain agency. Despite his attempts at resilience, he did, in the end, die. However, Singh was a pioneer in a struggle for power, a stand for resistance, and how the law perceived him, in his difference, changing the community around him, albeit on a small scale. It is a telling story that resurfaces an early Indian settler in Britain, his alterity in Victorian society, and the latter’s attitudes towards race. It steps outside of the traditional image of the empire at home, in Britain, in everyday life.

This article is partly concerned with defining the history of history exhibitions in Australia as a field of enquiry. Its specific departure point is the notion that the use of archival documents within exhibitions repays historical examination. I discuss how documents have been selected for and used in exhibitions at the Australian War Memorial between 1922 and 1954. The Memorial’s collections began with the acquisition of archival records, and from the beginning, archives were fundamental to of the development of the institution and the exhibitions in it. I argue that documents were used to legitimise the historical interpretation the Memorial offered in its exhibitions. I also contend that words on paper had a power of their own to evoke visitors’ imaginings and memories.

This article is partly concerned with defining the history of history exhibitions in Australia as a field of enquiry. Its specific departure point is the notion that the use of archival documents within exhibitions repays historical examination. I discuss how documents have been selected for and used in exhibitions at the Australian War Memorial between 1922 and 1954. The Memorial’s collections began with the acquisition of archival records, and from the beginning, archives were fundamental to of the development of the institution and the exhibitions in it. I argue that documents were used to legitimise the historical interpretation the Memorial offered in its exhibitions. I also contend that words on paper had a power of their own to evoke visitors’ imaginings and memories.

Abstract The year 1966 demarcated a borderline in the urban design discipline. Three books published that indicated a change of direction: City architecture by Aldo Rossi, The territory of architecture by Vittorio Gregotti and Complexity and contradiction in architecture by Robert Venturi. Aldo Rossi, in contact with Ernesto Nathan Rogers and “Casabella-Continuità”, shifted the attention to the historic, consolidated city, the monument and urban rules of archaeological fabric, while Vittorio Gregotti developed a research trend that founded architecture on geography. Finally, Robert Venturi opened up the architectural project, revealing its relations with media culture and with the contradictions of the consumer society. Critical essays investigated the phase following the second half of the Sixties, at the time when Aldo Rossi began, in 1976, to travel across America, invited by the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies to show his works at a series of exhibitions. His book A Scientific Autobiography, written and developed in America, belonged to this phase, which characterised at an international level by the birth of Paper Architecture (the movement that had placed design at the centre of reflection as the expression of new spatial poetics). The essay aimed to show a change in the paradigm of Rossi’s thought, no longer and solely focusing on past and physical architecture, but unrelentingly entwined with the individual and personal destiny of the Milanese architect. Memory became an active, live field of investigation, as Rafael Moneo maintains on Rossi’s thought, in which an objective vision of architecture no longer counted but one that included the subject and his fragments.

The paper reads the power of social media, especially Artificial Intelligence, in the light of Foucault, and Benjamin, and, especially, Deleuze, on the society of control, as he calls it: to which this paper adds the word “remote” since this quality is even more pertinent to the present-day than Foucault’s idea of the classical Panopticon. It examines different senses of the word “intelligence,” drawing on Catherine Malabou to underscore the idea of the brain’s “plasticity,” something ignored when the brain, and its contents, and communication, are treated as so much “data.” It concludes by asking what role AI might have in the humanities.

In 1755, General Pasquale Paoli brought to a head the Corsican revolution that had begun a quarter of a century earlier. Unable to quell the revolt, the Republic of Genoa, to which the island had belonged for five centuries, enlisted the help of its ally Louis XV. After freeing himself from the former, Paoli led the resistance against the latter. In North America, stories of his resistance captivated the “Sons of Liberty” to such an extent that the island general became a symbol across the Atlantic: “the champion of liberty”. This paper looks at how the political use of the “Father of the Corsican homeland” transcended the American imagination during the revolutionary period. The second part of the paper focusses on the metamorphosis of the Paolian memory in the United States from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century. It then identifies the memorial markers instituted on the American soil that ensured the transmission of the Paolian memory from the eighteenth century to the present day.

Community archaeology is becoming an increasingly important way of conducting archaeological research in many countries all around the world. This article concerns the scientific project entitled “Science for Society, Society for Science at the Site of National Remembrance in Łambinowice” which is a place where various prisoners of war and resettlement camps functioned between 1870 and 1946. The main idea of the project was set in the interpretation framework of community archaeology that approaches the practice of the discipline as a form of social interaction between science and local communities. In the first part of the paper, the main assumptions, goals and research methods used during the first season of field research in 2022 at the Site of National Remembrance in Łambinowice are presented. The second part defines the very idea of community archaeology and its social potential. The application and benefits of making in practice the idea of community archaeology during interdisciplinary research at the Site of National Remembrance in Łambinowice comprises the final section of this text. Thus, this paper aims to present archaeology as a social practice inherently rooted in the present that can be successfully implemented with the active participation of local communities and volunteers.

Objective/Context: In the field of Holocaust studies, the Latin American experience has occupied a liminal space. Even when the global character assumed by its forms of remembrance is widely accepted, little attention has been paid to the national cases of this region. This paper deals with a specific national case through the construction record of the National Monument to the Victims of the Jewish Holocaust, located in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The present research reveals the legal and administrative process that accompanied its gestation, the recognition of the actors that intervened throughout the period, and, finally, the character and debates that the architecture of the pantheon provoked. This cycle, which lasted a little more than two decades, allows us to qualify the meaning of the global character of Holocaust memory by considering how this experience was redefined in a national context. Methodology: For this research, qualitative techniques are used in the analysis of the legislative and patrimonial records, journalistic sources, interviews with involved actors, and a documentary film called “Monument,” which aims to give an account of the history of its construction and the representational matrix of that memorial. Originality: Although there have been, in recent years, some works that addressed the memory of the Holocaust in Argentina, they focused on various cultural media: literature, film, and testimonial narratives. This paper addresses an object whose materiality is different—monumental—and which was conceived as a public policy of commemorative character. The analysis of the construction of this memorial pantheon allows recognition of how the transnational dimensions of Holocaust remembrance intersected with aspects of the Argentine political process of the last twenty years. Conclusions: The analysis of the construction process and the materiality assumed by its architecture demonstrate, first, how the global dimensions of Holocaust remembrance interact with local contexts and, second, the tensions raised between the actors and organizations that promote its memory and the victims of Nazi persecution in Argentina

The paper examines crucial topics of reflection on the nature of art in L. N. Tolstoy’s works (1890–1900) in the light of their interpretations by V. B. Shklovsky. The principal part of these reflections is the search for a new mode of writing, “beyond any form,” which Shklovsky inherits and analyzes in his fragmentary aphoristic prose. The fragmentary forms in the late period of Tolstoy’s works and Shklovsky’s writing stem from the era of dramatic, rapid, and irreversible changes at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The paper pays particular attention to aspects of Shklovsky’s interpretation of Tolstoy’s technique of defamiliarization (ostranenie) and examination of the contexts of Tolstoy’s thought, which combine the themes of freedom, memory, and imagination in the existential, ethical, and aesthetic registers. Shklovsky translates Tolstoy’s existential thought into an aesthetic register, considering it as a result of a long process of emerging new forms in art.

Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel The Remains of the Day delves into the intricacies of memory, self-deception, and denial through the lens of its protagonist, Stevens, a devoted butler. This article meticulously examines the interplay of these themes within the novel, elucidating their profound impact on Stevens’ identity and worldview. By meticulously dissecting Ishiguro’s narrative, the paper elucidates how memory functions as a tool for constructing personal narratives, particularly evident in Stevens’ selective recollection of events to maintain his idealized butler persona. Furthermore, it explores Stevens’ unwavering commitment to duty, which leads to his blindness towards his employer’s moral failings and the subsequent isolation and regret he faces. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper argues that Stevens’ self-deception and denial emanate from a quest for dignity and purpose, underscoring Ishiguro’s critique of sacrificing integrity for societal conformity. Moreover, it elucidates how Ishiguro’s exploration resonates with broader philosophical discourse on memory, identity, and ethical considerations, accentuating the imperative of acknowledging past errors for individual growth and societal advancement.

Autobiographical memory is a complex blend of memories of single, recurring, and extended events integrated into a coherent story of self, that is created and evaluated through sociocultural practices. These memories once integrated are recalled/retrieved through distinctive cues (different cues inducing different memories), both voluntarily and involuntarily. Yaa Gyasi is a young American novelist of African descent and her novel Homegoing (2016) is a story of history, colonialism, separation, migration, slavery, inter and intra-personal relations, and conflicts. Memory therefore is a dominant occurrence in Gyasi’s works. This paper analyses the use and allusion of five primary senses and their role as distinctive cues inducing distinct memories for the characters throughout the course of the novel. The study highlights how this usage helps Gyasi shape her characters and their characteristics connecting many small tales into one large narration. The paper also enquires how recalling and practicing other cues, mainly socio-cultural and religious, helps in forming and strengthening relations between similar groups of people in faraway lands through their shared collective memory.

The paper deals with memory, identity, and belonging issues in the autobiographical novel Warm Arctic Nights by a distinguished Ukrainian American writer, Yuriy Tarnawsky. The novel shares the story of a youth whose life was disrupted by the turmoil of World War II in the Polish-Ukrainian borderlands. The analysis aims to establish a connection between identity formation through narration and changing functions of the borders, from reliable and well-protected toward violated and porous ones. Thus, the novel is re-read through the analytical lenses of identity and border poetics. The analysis stems from the concepts of “biographical me” and “identity set” suggested by Neil MacKinnon and David Heise (2010). The paper revises the personal and collective identities of the protagonist, images of Others, and topographical, symbolic, and epistemological borders inside and outside the text. The author of the paper places Ukrainian migrants’ experience of trauma, loss, and displacement into a broader context of border crossings in times of war.

Mnemonics hold potential for promoting long-term memory. Hence, they are being leveraged in serious games aimed to support long-term retention and retrieval of information. However, there is limited work focused on synthesizing the published research and findings on mnemonics serious games with a view to uncovering the extent of their application and effectiveness. This scoping review aims to bridge this gap. Articles were retrieved from four databases (ACM Library, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Web of Science). The criteria for inclusion were that the papers must be user studies that focused on mnemonics and serious games at the same time, were written in English, and were published in peer-reviewed journals or conferences. Two researchers, with the guidance of a senior researcher, independently and collaboratively assessed the eligibility of the retrieved papers using the PRISMA flowchart, elicited the relevant data, and tabulated the results in tables and charts using the GPS (game play, purpose, and scope) model. There were 12 papers that were accepted in this scoping review. Overall, most of the mnemonics serious games had a positive effect on memory, suggesting that they hold potential for promoting long-term memory, especially in memorization-intensive instructions, where a good number of students still struggle to retain taught material due to pedagogical, personal, and social challenges. However, more research still needs to be conducted, especially in the area of player-created mnemonics and teaching users how mnemonics can be effectively created using visualization and elaboration techniques.

Rhea Galanaki is widely regarded not only as a prominent contemporary Greek author but also as a key figure in the revival of the Greek historical novel, alongside writers such as Maro Douka, Alexis Panselinos, and Nikos Themelis. This new iteration of the historical novel, as articulated by Vangelis Hadjivassiliou, refrains from instrumentalizing the dichotomy of Self and Other to valorize the ‘own’ at the expense of the ‘other.’ Instead, it often explores the Other as an intrinsic element of the Self, a theme exemplified in Galanaki’s work. Through this nuanced approach to the past, the conventional stereotypes underpinning national identity are subjected to critical reexamination. This paper investigates how Galanaki’s novel addresses the interrelated themes of identity and Otherness, focusing on the manifestations and functions of memory and the recurring motif of return. Rather than seeking to delineate a fixed or immutable core of the Self, the analysis traces the protagonist’s journey toward reconciling polarized aspects of their existence. The study situates the relationship between identity, memory, and Otherness within the theoretical framework of Paul Ricoeur’s concept of identity, offering a deeper understanding of these interconnections in the novel. Original title in Bulgarian: Памет, идентичност и другост в романа „Житието на Исмаил Ферик паша: Spina nel cuore“ на Реа Галанаки.

The continuous progress in semiconductor technology, particularly in nanotechnology, has led to smaller memory cells and increased fault frequency due to their proximity. These faults reduce memory yield and raise production costs. Redundancy Analysis (RA) offers an effective solution by allocating spare cells within memory to repair faulty lines. The main goal of RA is to optimally place spare cells rapidly to achieve the highest repair rate, resulting in the development of various RA methods. In modern memory architectures, complex spare structures are essential for improving repair rates. However, traditional RA methods can be too time-consuming for such structures, limiting the repair of multiple memories. This paper proposes a method called RAPID, which leverages GPU technology for the parallel repair of multiple memories. RAPID generates repair cases by segmenting areas based on available spare types, ensuring efficient GPU memory use and enabling simultaneous repairs. Repair cases are applied immediately upon fault detection during testing, significantly reducing repair time. Experimental results show that RAPID can repair more memory units in less repair time than previous GPU-based RA methods under the same GPU and CPU memory specifications.

The experiences of war, of death, of pain, unspeakable by nature and perhaps due to the very limitations of language, must at some point be recounted, through interpretable narratives. This text attempts to reconstruct the complex experience of some of the protagonists of deportation, who, however, were not immediately, due to the pain caused by that event, active participants in the construction of memory, allowing everything to remain in the intimate sphere of affection. We refer to the story of Germano Facetti, a graphic designer of international fame, deported to Gusen, who after choosing silence for years, only began to recount his experience at the end of the 1990s, at almost 70 years of age. He does so by entrusting his 'yellow box', a Kodak photo paper box, in which he had kept a notebook for all those years, with drawings of the concentration camp and some documents from the Lager. The result will be a cinematographic narrative, which will trigger a long and active participation on Facetti's part to try to leave a testimony, to provide evidence, as he himself says before disappearing or committing suicide like the others. An attempt will be made to retrace the construction of his documentary memory, trying to enter into his personal expressive form, but also to tell, through his, the story of others such as Ludovico Barbiano di Belgiojoso, his point of reference, not only artistically, and part of the Milanese architecture studio BBPR.

The Red-Haired Woman, one of Orhan Pamuk’s post-Nobel novels, is a concise, fable-like narrative that delves into the complexities of father-son conflicts. The novel parallels the journey of the protagonist, Cem, with the broader socio-cultural context of modern Turkey. It highlights Cem’s struggle between two ideologically contrasting father figures and draws a compelling analogy between his fragmented memory and Turkey’s cultural memories influenced by both the East and West. This paper explores the application of various memory types in the novel, scrutinizes the reliability of its narrators, and analyzes the depiction of urban space in relation to both individual and national memory, with particular focus on the contractor protagonist.

there are many forms of memory in post-colonial Australia, and many kinds of haunting. This paper investigates the poetry of contemporary Indigenous poets Sam Wagan Watson and Tony Birch, and reads the script of the Federal Government’s February 2008 Apology to the Stolen Generations, asking how and why the nation should be haunted – historically and imaginatively - into the future.

The paper is a modest attempt at a careful assessment of Werner Hamacher’s version of deconstruction as a reading strategy which centers upon the idea of the afformative caesura. In order to probe the potential and the possible limits of Hamacher’s strategy, the author presents a Hamacherian reading of one of Paul Celan’s poems, titled “Mauerspruch,” a poem brimming with references to Walter Benjamin’s work. In the first part of the paper the author shows the effectiveness of Hamacherian perspective. In the second part, however, following suggestions of the poem itself, the author shows that the perspective should be extended in order to include two crucial categories: the category of the image and the category of memory. Thus, ultimately, the assessment of Werner Hamacher’s strategy results in a praise and a modest proposal of its amendment.

Haruki Murakami introduces a wide array of issues and topics in his fiction; his variegated characters typically enact a wide range of human attitudes and behaviours when encountering the problems of modern life. One recurrent theme in Murakami’s novels is memory. The novelist has a unique ability to present his characters “from the inside”, as it were, describing thus the interior mechanisms that make them who they are. His novels present an opportunity to understand the workings of memory and how people are led by its dictates. His characters often find themselves recollecting their past in order to sustain a present existence that is marred by some type of crisis. As they progress in time, protagonists experience a profound sense of disequilibrium that prompts them to return to the past in order to rebalance their self’s sense of value. In this regard, the paper investigates the dynamics of memory as well as its role in the formation of identity in Haruki Murakami’s novel Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage (2014). For this purpose, the paper draws on different theories of memory and identity in its analysis.

The Mahabharata (composed in Sanskrit sometime between 400 BC and 400 AD), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. It has been used as a source of inspiration for various literary, artistic, and cultural expressions, and its themes and characters have been reinterpreted to reflect contemporary political and social concerns. This has led to the creation of new interpretations and revisions of the epic, which have challenged traditional narratives and added new perspectives to the epic’s cultural significance. Focusing on Kavita Kané ‘s The Fisher Queen’s Dynasty, the paper suggests that the trauma experienced by Satyavati in her infancy shaped her character and her actions as the Queen of Hastinapur. The author analyses the influence of trauma in her life and how it led to her determination to re-establish a powerful clan. The author’s perspective offers a unique interpretation of Satyavati’s character and highlights the importance of considering the impact of traumatic experiences on an individual’s life and behaviour. The protagonist’s abandonment by her father was a traumatic event that influenced her emotional fabric and perception of the world. She was constantly haunted by a past that fuelled her insecurities and anxieties. The paper analyses this modern narrative representation of female desire for power and autonomy (which is repressed by the patriarchy) and how this desire can originate in past traumatic experiences.

For authors who revisit their experiences of childhood to write stories for young readers, imaginatively drawing on memories plays a prominent role in the creative process. Whereas connections between memories and narratives have featured in literary studies and children’s literature studies, the unfolding of negotiations between memory and imagination as authors create narratives of life writing is underexplored. This article examines how negotiations of memory and imagination unfold on paper during the writing processes for Roald Dahl’s Boy (1984), David Almond’s Counting Stars (2000), and Jacqueline Woodson’s Brown Girl Dreaming (2014). While positioning itself in the field of cognitive literary studies and the archival study of creative writing processes, this article aims to generate insights on the reconstructive approach to memory, which considers episodic remembering as imagining the past. By transposing the study of the dynamics of writing processes, or genetic criticism, to children’s literature, I explore notes, mindmaps, manuscripts, and typescripts held at the archives of Dahl, Almond, and Woodson to chart how they imaginatively incorporate memories of their youth into their life writing. As such, this research informs understandings of the narrative genesis of the authors’ works, while drawing on the manifestations of their literary creativity in an attempt to broaden knowledge regarding memory and imagination.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between photography, memory, and state violence. To this end, two photographs will be analyzed in which we see the relatives of the detained-disappeared of the Pinochet dictatorship demanding justice, the appearance and reparation of their loved ones in the public space. I argue that these images not only contribute to the legibility of this painful history, but they also help understand the way in which Pinochet's dictatorship was configured as necropolitics, that is, as a form of government that decides who may live and who must die.

Society expects history to be objective and factual. Collectively history is the memory of the nation, that group, the imagined community that believes that it has always been together. It could even be said that the nation is about forgetting; forgetting that the people who make up that community were not always together as they are now, or the forgetting of those hurdles and hindrances that create obstacles to cohesion and continuity. Memory is collaborative by nature, and provides a legacy to society, a response to its own mortality in the future. This paper proposes to examine the case of subjective recounting of the past through a family memory of war, the forgetting, the gaps created in narratives to enable cohesion and to fit in with publicly acceptable discourse. It ultimately attempts to answer the question as to why it might be important to re-examine such stories of an individual nature, in a wider scope of the nation, and links those seemingly antinomic periods of time of past, present, and future, which are not as exclusive as might be believed. This paper focuses upon a deserter ancestor, going against the grain of traditional narratives. Traditionally, soldiers are considered by definition of what is expected from them in the national narrative, as ‘war heroes’. However, this paper examines the life of a military ancestor who, in reality, did not fit into that framework, and who deserted from the army (although never on the front line, thus avoiding being shot). Nevertheless, the multiple desertions (deserted five times in total, lost kit twice, was imprisoned, and was detained for desertion three times) only ‘resurfaced’ recently due to the availability of documentation and research carried out in archives. While the ancestor conformed socially to what was expected of him, the reality of his military files seems to reveal the contrary. Despite the high numbers of times that he did desert, he did also rejoin every time, and ended up spending 3 decades in the same military unit. Or, perhaps the manner in which society views soldiers pre- and post-WWI has been altered, and, as such, desertion was not once what it has become. Forgetting has been the norm in society regarding certain pasts that step outside of the national narrative, rather than remembering. This paper attempts to imagine the nation’s past in a different way, by including those who also deserted, an area of ill-defined research in military history.

Sleep is a key component of everyone's health. It plays an important role in the body's recovery, improvement of cognitive function, and overall well-being. This thesis explores various aspects of sleep, focusing on its physiology, functions, and role in daily life. The paper includes detailed analyses of the effects of sleep on memory, the effects of deprivation, and techniques to improve sleep quality, such as sleep duration and regularity, minimising alcohol and caffeine intake, and meditation practices. The link between sleep and physical activity is also proving to be extremely important. Regular activity affects sleep quality and mental health. Finally, sleep is the foundation of health and well-being. Despite the wealth of information we already have, the importance and role of sleep presented in the following article demonstrate that this area should invariably be the subject of further research to help us gain an even better understanding of, and therefore influence, the quality of our sleep.

This paper presents and analyzes the project "Imaginary Interviews with the Past," a workshop developed based on the hypothesis that widely circulated narratives about recent history face challenges in engaging younger generations. Building on this premise, we proposed the creation of a series of podcasts in which teenagers and young adults aged 16 to 20 converse with imaginary characters who lived through Argentina's last dictatorship and represent different roles: victims, perpetrators, or what Michael Rothberg calls "implicated subjects." by The participants created and portrayed these characters by themselves. The podcasts are the result of a workshop organized in 2021 by the University of Buenos Aires team as part of the MSCA-RISE SPEME project - Questioning Traumatic Heritage: Spaces of Memory in Europe, Argentina, Colombia.

Recently, Spanish and Portuguese female filmmakers have shown an increasing interest in reconstructing family memories and unveiling its secrets, being the third generation after the far-right dictatorships that ruled both Iberian countries during almost half of the past century. Francoism and Salazarism promoted a model of State and family based on the traditional nuclear family with strict gender roles. By analyzing two autoethnographic documentary films, Nedar (2008), by Catalan director Carla Subirana, and A Metamorfose dos Pássaros (2020), by Portuguese filmmaker Catarina Vasconcelos, whose protagonists are the creators’ grandmothers, this paper seeks to explore how these two films not only retrieve family and national memories, but also how they challenge the family patterns dictated by both dictatorships, placing life and care work at the center.

This paper examines the ways in which Ignatius Sancho’s life and legacy have been forgotten and remembered in Britain since the end of the eighteenth century. It argues that the paucity of archival material makes way for innovative methods to memorialise Sancho’s unique social trajectory and explores the contribution of literature to a renewed historiography of Afro-Caribbean diasporic identity in Britain through the study of the play Sancho: An Act of Remembrance (2011) and the novel The Secret Diaries of Charles Ignatius Sancho (2022) by Paterson Joseph. In examining the poetic and historical recreation of Sancho’s story, attention will be paid to the use of performance, intertextuality and critical fabulation.

Given the relevance of the ghost in fantastic and speculative fiction, this paper seeks to interrogate the mobilization of the spectral as a main tool for enacting a process of historical revision and for the configuration of an alternative historical memory. Such inquiry will be developed through the analysis of two contemporary neo-slave narratives, Grace (2016) by Natashia Deón and Let Us Descend (2023) by Jesmyn Ward, that illustrate the current shift toward anti-realist representations of historical processes. Adopting the theoretical framework of spectrality studies, this examination will discuss the intersections of the spectral with aspects of gender, maternity and temporality. The multi-layered dimensions of ghosts and the bidirectionality of haunting deployed in these novels redefine the spectral as a subversive space of resistance and a chief literary mechanism to articulate a major socio-political reflection on the condition of Blackness in the United States at present.

Environmental Enrichment (EE) has received considerable attention for its potential to enhance cognitive and neurobiological outcomes in animal models. This bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive evaluation of the EE research spanning from 1967 to 2024, utilizing data extracted from Scopus and analyzed through R and VOSviewer. The volume of publications, citation patterns, and collaborations were systematically reviewed, highlighting important contributions and emerging trends within the field of animal research. Core concepts of EE research are mapped, revealing key themes such as neuroplasticity, cognitive function, and behavioral outcomes. A significant increase in EE research is demonstrated, particularly after the year 2000, reflecting growing scientific and public interest in EE paradigms. This analysis provides insights into the global contributions and collaborative networks that have shaped EE studies over time. The role of EE in advancing the understanding of neurobiological, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative processes is underscored. Influential contributors, leading countries, and high-impact journals in the field of EE are identified, offering a valuable resource for researchers seeking to understand or extend the current knowledge base. The strategic selection of keywords and rigorous data curation methods ensure that the findings accurately reflect the most impactful aspects of EE research in animals. This study serves as an essential reference for future explorations and applications of EE across disciplines. By providing a clear and structured overview of the field, this paper aims to serve as a foundation for ongoing and future research initiatives, encouraging more robust investigations and applications of EE to enhance cognitive and neurological health globally.

Earlier studies repeatedly showed increased learner motivation due to game elements, while overall cognitive effects on learning outcomes were absent. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is provided by theories integrating cognitive and affective learning processes: the beneficial effect on learner motivation eventually balancing simultaneously higher cognitive processing demands associated with game elements. In this paper, we provide results of an empirical test of this theoretical suggestion. In particular, we report results of a value-added online experiment (with n = 61 participants, mostly students; 44 female, 15 male, 2 diverse; median age: 24 years), comparing a more gameful with a less gameful version of a learning task. In agreement with earlier studies, we find similar cognitive learning outcomes (δ < 0.2), but medium (δ = 0.5) and large (δ = 0.9) effects on affective and motivational outcomes, respectively. Furthermore, mediation models show that a small negative direct effect of game elements on cognitive outcomes (β = −0.2) is indeed effectively cancelled by an indirect path through motivational outcomes (β = +0.4). Overall, our results corroborate the tenability of the integrated cognitive affective model of learning with multimedia. This implies its feasibility in purposefully designing learning environments with specific motivational or cognitive aims in mind.

The paper problematizes Ghatak’s Marxist treatment of the Bengali as well as the Brahmanical repertoire of cultural knowledge, for the purpose of carving out a Communist significance of the period. Rather than a recontextualization of traditional myths, the paper reads in this attitude a nostalgic particularistic abstraction of a rich array of aesthetic ideas, which are best appreciated in their diverse cultural context. The paper argues that Ghatak utilizes creative opuses of vast potential to serve political goals, with an aim of strengthening the East Bengali immigrant population in post-Partition West Bengal. The paper criticizes how Ghatak breaks down the traditions from different spatial and temporal coordinates for serving the representation of the plights of the Bengali Refugee – making a powerful integrated identity of the traumatized subject at the expense of erasing class, caste, communal and gender distinctions. In this, there is an effort to fashion an imaginary unified East Bengali sub-national entity, which is politically evened out for realization of unique identity and clout.

This paper is focused on the analysis of the gripping narratives of Lesotho’s political terror and violence between 1972 and 1986 as captured in Rethabile Masilo’s poetry. To date, Masilo has published four poetry collections—Things That Are Silent (2012), Waslap (2015), Letter to Country (2016) Qoaling (2018) and Mbera (currently in Press). Arguably, these collections evoke a fecund poetic space to string together history and an extremely accurate details of Lesotho’s political trajectory during Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan’s governance. Drawn attention to, is the terrifying narratives of sudden experience of political unrest in the country shortly after independence from the United Kingdom in October 1966. Essentially, personal responses of Masilo (in his poetry) to the horrifying circumstances suffered by him and members of his family during the regime of Leabua stand as a bulwark against tyranny. The paper engages in interpretive analysis of Masilo’s poetry and Literary Trauma theory has been appropriated for its analysis. The paper foregrounds gripping, poetic narratives of anomie to revisit “a time of fear” in Lesotho between 1972 and 1986 when the 1970 election was annulled, and the constitution suspended my Prime Minister Leabua. The paper delineates a spate of the country’s agony and violence that accompanied a period of anarchy, which complicated Koeeoko’s gruesome perpetration of enforced disappearances and extra-judicial executions of members of the opposition.

The paper discusses Fall River by Alexander Motyl as a novel about history and family saga. The novel entwines the past of 20th-century East-Central Europe with the individual experiences of its protagonists—Mike/Mychasko, Manya, and Stefa. They continue the American history of the family, which started in 1913 when their parents-to-be arrived from Galicia to Fall River, Mass., to leave it for Europe ten years later. The life of the three siblings epitomizes the dramatic history of Eastern Galicia and the pre-and post-WWII Ukrainian immigration to the United States. A small Ukrainian-Polish-Jewish community in the provincial Galician town of Przemyślany, where most of the action takes place, becomes a small-scale version of historical and political conflicts of the 1920s-1940s. The paper draws on Astrid Erll’s theory of cultural memory and Paul Connerton’s concept of forgetfulness to analyze Fall River as part of the Ukrainian cultural memory and explore the role of forgetting in the characters’ identity construction, particularly their new American selves. The historical background that shapes Mike’s, Manya’s, and Stefa’s lives reveals the entanglements of East-Central European history of the first half of the 20th century, of which the American reader knows little if anything, and addresses complex ethnic relations and political dilemmas that were part of the characters’ everyday life. While history is the normative frame of reference in the novel, a sense of home and the awareness of its traumatic loss are some of the centrifugal forces of the story, which determine the characters’ attitudes. They evoke the idea of uprootedness (Weil) and nostalgic memory (Boym), which will be analyzed as an essential part of immigrant narratives.

This paper examines the use of memory as a political tool by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government, emphasising the impact of the official historical narrative on commemoration of selected historical traumas and glories, in addition to its influence on collective identity. Over the last two decades, Turkey has undergone a cultural transformation under the rule of the AKP. This transformation has taken place through reevaluation of the Islamic-Ottoman past while distancing itself from Kemalist secularism. Adhering to the principles of Islam, the AKP has articulated its political agenda through a cultural initiative inspired by Turgut Özal’s Neo-Ottomanism. To this end, a series of narratives was developed under a cultural programme based on nostalgia for the Ottoman while scrutinising different aspects of the country’s secular paradigm. The programme was carried out through the commemoration of identity, including the Conquest of Constantinople in 1453 as well as the construction of ‘sites of memory’, such as museums, theme parks or mosques. The establishment of ‘sites of memory’ around these selected narratives allows for an in-depth exploration of how political ideology intersects with memory, contributing to the ongoing transformation of Turkey’s cultural and political landscape.

Kawsar Alami, Zahra Nazari, Raheel Bayat, Aqdas Bayat, Somaya Qasemi, Fereshta Karimi, Maliha Sultani, Sayed Yousof Mousavi Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Kavosh Nonprofit Educational Research Institute, Kabul, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Sayed Yousof Mousavi, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Kavosh Nonprofit Educational Research Institute, First Street of Karte 4, Kabul, 1004, Afghanistan, Tel +93705343480 ; Fax +93796850084, Email Mousavi@Kavosh.org.afAim and Background: Learning and memory are fundamental processes essential to human cognition. Memory disorders can greatly impact cognitive abilities and overall quality of life. Synthetic drugs are not always completely effective in the treatment of memory disorders and can have diverse side effects. As a result, the use of plants for treating various diseases, including those related to memory disorders, is common. Almond is a highly nutritious nut and has been used as a traditional remedy for a long time. They contain active compounds that have numerous biological effects on the entire body, particularly the nervous system. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review animal studies that have investigated the effects of almond intake on memory and its related disorders.Methods: In this study, a comprehensive search in several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library was performed. The study included published articles featuring preclinical studies conducted on healthy animals or models with memory impairments. These studies employed specific controlled groups and evaluated memory-related parameters through behavioral tests or molecular investigations. Eleven original papers that met the criteria were selected from a total of 1190 identified articles and included in the study.Results: Almond consumption has been shown to have beneficial effects on learning and memory in healthy animals. Additionally, evidence suggests that consuming almonds can positively impact scopolamine-, cadmium-, chronic stress-, and high-fat diet-induced memory impairment in animal models.Conclusion: Based on available evidence, consuming dietary supplementation of almonds may have a significant role in brain processes, specifically the neuromodulatory systems. Consequently, incorporating almonds into one’s diet could potentially enhance memory function, making them a readily available and useful natural resource with both nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Keywords: Almond, Prunus amygdalus, Prunus dulcis, learning, memory, neuromodulatory systems

This paper addresses the use of oral history sources in my practice of documentary filmmaking as a second-generation Holocaust survivor. It examines how the filmic documentation of oral history sources can reflect aspects of testimony, memory, and postmemory, as they are theorized in the field of Holocaust Studies. In my film “Past Forward: Journeys to Transnistria,” I document the challenge of relating an intergenerational and cross-cultural story while preserving historical accuracy. Filmed in Ukraine in 2002, it tells the story of my mother, a child-survivor of the Romanian Holocaust. Through oral testimony, the film captures my mother’s survival story as she tells it to me and later to her granddaughter who documents it for a history school project. It then retraces my mother’s journey between 1941 and 1944 from her hometown of Dorohoi, Romania to Transnistria as it was called then under German-allied Romanian occupation. Survivor’s testimony combined with onsite witness interviews, and an archival military map, were used to trace the story of a little Jewish Romanian girl who survived the journey to Transnistria. Recently available archival sources have further validated her story. It has also contributed to locating the film within the broader context of the Holocaust in Ukraine.

Introducing the symposium “The Interpretation of Cultures at Fifty,” editors Andrea Cossu and Matteo Bortolini reflect on the dynamics of the iconicization of texts and the paradoxical quality of so-called “classics”: their being present while being rewritten and forgotten. A brief illustration of the papers by the contributors to the symposium — Joan W. Scott, Anne Taylor and Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ann Swidler and Ronald Jepperson, Simon Susen, and Monika Krause — completes the introduction.

The paper reviews the publication that is based on photographic documents from personal collections stored in the State Archive of Perm Krai. The emphasis is placed not so much on the contents of the retrospective collection of documents as on its meaning and purpose that are being set by the current discussions on visual policy, visual practices, and visual culture of the second half of the 19th – late 20th centuries. It is stressed that this publication is an important step towards the discovery and study of “reserved” materials from various photo-documentary collections and, together with them, new pages in the memory of the past.

In this paper, I will draw on two twentieth-century French writers and extract from their works their ideas about memory and memoir writing. The first, the poet and philosopher Charles Péguy wrote a great deal about memory, bringing the philosophy of Henri Bergson into realms of daily life that the philosopher himself did not. Not all of Péguy’s meditations on memory are related to memoir writings, and yet they provide a possible frame for anyone who would want to engage in such a task. I will focus on some of his points about time and aging, give some examples from his projected confessions, and relate them to the writing of memoirs as he saw it. The second author, Romain Gary was a prolific novelist, whose works were among the greatest best sellers in post-War France. I will focus on his literary memoir, Promise at Dawn. Gary does not write directly about memoir writing. His ideas on it are embedded in his autobiographical narration, however, and it is these ideas that I shall extract and illustrate. Much separates these two authors’ views on memory and memoirs. Despite their differences, I would like to argue that both authors focus on the ethics of memory and memory writing. That ethics revolves not so much on telling the literal truth, the getting this or that detail correctly, but in capturing and conveying the commitments that have marked one’s life, and capturing them in such a way that they do not coincide with the current pieties about the past. Memoir writing for both authors is a way of responding to the times, a kind of critique of contemporary society.

This paper proposes an insight into the emergence of key concepts in modern narratives, especially related to time and memory in the literature of Marcel Proust and Franz Kafka. Knowing that 20th-century prose draws its novelty from its style and writing technique, we will thus argue that one needs to first inquire as to what modern literature entails before scrutinizing such complex and abstract ideas. Thus, the first part of this study is the mise-en-scène for later projections on memory as four-dimmensional time in Proust and metaphysical time in Kafka’s work, while in itself it defines, exemplifies, and analyzes the evocation technique that leads to this complementing view of time in these two writers. Coupled with inquiries into the great social and political panorama rendered by war and seconded by the shifts in narrative themes and topics, the props of Modernism are explored. Time and memory are themes that we will debate on while providing a view on the new prosodic procedures such as the abandonment of the linear narrative flow, the breaking up with conventional ideas of unity and coherence of the plot and characters, and the encouragement of ironic and ambiguous juxtapositions that challenge the action’s traditional moral and philosophical meaning.

Este artículo presenta un análisis de los discursos producidos por Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) y Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-2015) cada 2 de abril durante sus mandatos presidenciales de Argentina, en ocasión del Día de los Caídos y Veteranos de la Guerra de Malvinas (1982). Adoptando el análisis del discurso como práctica interpretativa (Arnoux “Análisis del discurso como campo académico,” Análisis del discurso. Modos de abordar materiales de archivo), se estudian distintos aspectos de la materialidad lingüística que exponen distancias interpretativas sobre la guerra. Específicamente, el análisis se organiza en cuatro ejes: la configuración del adversario, el tipo de emociones desplegadas, la consideración de la guerra como causa nacional o causa dictatorial y la representación de los combatientes. Comparar los discursos de ambxs líderes a partir de estas dimensiones permitirá comprender cómo la memoria de Malvinas se configura discursivamente desde posiciones políticas e ideológicas no exentas de tensiones. This paper aims to analyze the commemorative speeches produced by former Argentine presidents Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-2015) each April 2nd, the Day of the Fallens and Veterans of the Malvinas War (1982). By adopting Discourse Analysis as an interpretative practice (Arnoux, “Análisis del discurso como campo académico,” Análisis del discurso. Modos de abordar materiales de archivo), we study different aspects of the linguistic materiality that uncover interpretative gaps about the War. We especially focus on five axes: the configuration of the adversary, the kind of emotions, the understanding of war as a national or a dictatorial cause, and the representation of combatants. Comparing the discourses of both leaders by taking these axes into account allows us to understand how the memory about Malvinas is discursively configured from a political and ideological position, not without tension.

Based on the Fourier law of heat conduction, this paper was concerned with the thermoelastic Timoshenko system with memory and variable delay in the internal feedback, which describes the transverse vibration of a beam. By the Lummer-Phillips theorem and the variable norm technique suitable for the nonautonomous operator, the stability of the coupled system has been derived in space $ \mathscr{H} $.

After defining Internet memes and their place within broader popular culture, this paper examines the methodology and interpretation of a large-scale collection of Internet memes used by the KnowYourMeme database. By observing the changed context in which Internet memes are created, shared, or forgotten, questions are raised about the formation of meme cultural memory in cyberspace, leading to critical commentary on the ways in which they are collected. By analyzing the heritization of Internet memes, this paper addresses the following issues: the formation of the future meme heritage, scope of cultural memory in cyberspace, redefinition of remembering and forgetting within the panmnemonic tendencies of online heritage projects. Using the KnowYourMeme database as an example, the problems of cyberspace heritage are discussed, and the different online projects dealing with Internet memes as heritage are compared. By defining “on-the-fly” memory, which indicates the simultaneity of the process of creating and preserving heritage, this paper offers a critical review of the existing cyber projects of “saving everything”.

This paper gives an overview of development in research concerning the influence of video games on cognitive development and intelligence. The first part of the paper mentions three categories used by different researchers in their research: generally speaking, the development of constructs and commercial games. StarCraft is mentioned in the paper, one of the most complex strategical games of all time, and its influence on professional players in eSport. Additionally, it presents a taxonomy of strategy games compared to real world situations, such as crisis management and control. The papers indexed in Scopus and Web of Science databases are chosen for this research since they are based on the cognitive relations between the games and players. One of the conclusions is that games can influence the enhancement of cognitive abilities in both directions.

This paper focuses on the doing of gardens and explores how amateur gardeners relate to gardening craft in their everyday garden practices. Based on qualitative empirical work, this paper discusses how different craft methods and caring practices are employed as memory work and as a means to connect to, and create, the garden as a socio-ecological place. Based on the gardeners’ narratives, the garden is discussed as a web of self and a place where the meeting between the gardener and the more-than-human are central incentives to gardening. Gardening is an active place-making that goes beyond modifying the materiality of place. Rather, garden craft is narrated as reflecting the gardeners’ underlying relationship to and understanding of plants, soil and animals. It is the means through which gardeners connect in an embodied way to ‘the nature’ of the garden. Garden craft is proposed as an art that is passed on between generations. Gardening craft can be improved by an increased understanding of the temporality of the garden and by developing a sensitivity towards the complex socio-ecological relationships that shape a place. It is concluded that garden craft is understood as central not only to how the garden is constructed as a place but also to how the gardener relates to the garden as affecting, and being affected by, the current environmental crisis.

This review offers analytic information on the interdisciplinary conference held in Bulgaria (with participants from Northern Macedonia, Russia, Germany, India) on the socialist period as perceived through the fi ve senses. All the papers took into account relevant binary oppositions such as “self — others”, “socialist — capitalist”, “holiday — everyday life”, “home — offi ce space”, and “Bulgarian — Turkish”. There were many papers dedicated the sense of taste, and these discussed socialist-period tastes, culinary practices, and typical and non-typical menus at home and outside the home. The visual medium was approached using the contexts of fashion, interiors, and souvenir production, with or without an ideological aura. Discussions confi rmed the main thesis of the organisers that in ethnology the role of refl ection and personal experience is growing, and that obtaining analytic memoirs of those scholars who lived in the socialist period is also gaining importance, so that generations of younger scholars are provided with the context of the socialist epoch.

Urban regeneration and industrial archaeology, dating back between the fourties and the fifties of the 20th century, has drawn attention to architecture, equipment and evidence of human manufacturing, widening the scope of Heritage Preservation in Europe and all over the world. Scholars detected an overall and quite similar development of the approach to industrial Heritage throughout time in the western world, from an early spontaneus interest, through an exploitation mostly based on economic purposes, towards a more recent preservative and inclusive attitude in regenerating buildings and sites, that has a strong support from the voluntary sector in UK. This paper reports the concept and main achievements of a team that, since the seventies, has being pioneering an interdisciplinary, cost-effective and yet preservative approach to abandoned production sites. Blending economic return and true attention to people and site specificity, innovation and campaigns for protection and proper reuse, this approach has been proving to be able to decline the different acceptations of sustainability and, as for conceptual and operational aspects, presents some interesting food for thought.