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In der vorliegenden Rezension soll der 2020 im be.bra wissenschaft verlag, Berlin, erschienene Sammelband Sprachlich-literarische literarische »Aggregatzustände« im Japanischen: Europäische Japan-Diskurse 1998 – 2018 näher besprochen werden. Neben der Herausarbeitung der Hauptargumentationslinien einer Reihe von inhaltlich teils stark divergierender Beiträge, welche durch die Kernthemen Transmedialität, Freizeit und Literatur lose zusammengehalten werden, richtete ich mein Augenmerk auf die Frage, inwiefern es dem Herausgeber und den Autor*innen gelungen war, ihr selbstgestecktes Ziel, nicht nur ein akademisches, sondern auch ein interessiertes Laienpublikum anzusprechen, zu erreichen. Meiner Einschätzung nach konnte dieser Selbstanspruch zu weiten Teilen erfolgreich umgesetzt werden. Als entscheidende Faktoren identifiziere ich einerseits die Bitte des Herausgebers um einen zugänglichen, an der mündlichen Ausdrucksweise angelehnten Schreibstil und andererseits die Einarbeitung kurzer thematischer Einführungen in die meisten der eingereichten Aufsätze. Mit der vorliegenden Evaluierung dieses Projektes hoffe ich zur Ausarbeitung vertiefender Strategien beizutragen, die – auch jenseits der Populärwissenschaft – einer breitenwirksameren Verbreitung japanologischer Inhalte zuträglich sein werden.

Abstract Background Health-related behaviors may change after retirement and induce changes in the mental health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the nature of changes in physical activity and leisure activities, as well as the relationship between physical activity, leisure, and psychological adjustment among retirees. Methods Search of papers was done in three electronic databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus without constraints on time, geographical regions, or languages in February 2022. The papers that had examined the relationship between physical activity and adjustment among retirees using observational design (cross-sectional or longitudinal) were included in the present study. To evaluate the methodological quality of cross-sectional studies, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist, and for longitudinal studies, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used. Results The search results identified 1458 records. Twenty-six papers were included in this review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings of most of these studies indicated a significant positive correlation between physical activity, leisure, and psychological adjustment in retirees. Retirees were mostly engaged in passive leisure activities such as reading, watching TV and movies, and less engaged in physical activities, sport, or physical exercise. General organized assessment of the total physical activity among retirees was not possible. Conclusions Based on the study findings, it can be stated that there is a positive correlation between physical activity, leisure, and the retirees’ adjustment. Usage of the same and valid measurement method specific to old age and retirement period can be useful in more precise assessment of physical activity and its association with adjustment among retirees.

This paper examines the development of distance learning dance lessons during the pandemic. Research in the field and interviews with 34 dance teachers show that teaching dance at a distance raises a large number of challenges, to the point where it is possible to question whether it makes sense to teach dance at a distance. While for some teachers, teaching a dance remotely seems absurd, given that this activity implies human contact, particularly for couple dances, for others, this practice has been an opportunity to develop certain aspects of their teaching that have not been explored in depth in person, to temporarily maintain links with their learners, or even to perfect their skills with the distance courses given by other artists all over the world. From the impossibility of touching others to the lack of space at home, from the confusion of spatial reference points to sound shifts, dance teachers who decided to teach at a distance have had to rethink their classes and adapt their practices to distance education.

Concern for human existence in a world shaped by technology is a subject of reflection in art, philosophy, and science. Unlike techno-optimism expressed in most utopias, dystopia is most often based on the idea that technological development can endanger freedom, values , and the current way of human life. The themes of dystopia are different - from the use of technology to control the population to the rule of the machine over its creator. In the novel Player Piano, Kurt Vonnegut develops a dystopian image of a society organized around automated production. The paper addresses the potential consequences of production automation on society and individuals presented in the novel - unemployment and fear of losing a job, social inequality, social position, and identity of the individual in the conditions of widespread use of machines. In the second part of the paper, these problems will be analyzed in the context of ideas developed by Marx, Anders, and other theorists who deal with the problems of labor and the social consequences of technology.

Leisure at agrotourist farm includes all recreational and entertainment activities, offered to its visitors willing of uniqueness and beyond, having as purpose the insurance of a good mood, pleasure and relaxation, along with printing some positive impressions and of a pleasant memory about the visited location. In case of agrotourist farm product, leisure has a very diverse content, depending on the profile of the rural area, of ​​the farm, of the motivation, of the visitation season and of the customer segments. Animation from agrotourist farm should contribute to meeting the requirements of active recreation and meeting physical and mental demands of tourists and generate the necessary frame to pleasantly spend a pleasant and instructive leisure. Leisure services can be organized by the staff from agrotourist farm, by specialized personnel or third parties, in order to meet the functions of relaxation and physical comfort, entertainment and improvingits capabilities, satisfying the needs of consumers of such niche tourism.

In this paper, the main leisure activities of the geologists, identified by the author on the basis of collected interviews with those involved at the initial stage of geological explorations in Tyumen Oblast during the 1950s–1960s, are presented. The organisation of the leisure activities, as well as the complex development of the social and domestic sphere amongst the geological prospectors, in one of the perspective regions in terms of the availability of hydrocarbons, was not amongst the priorities of the state at the dawn of the oil exploration and was a prerogative of the geological community. The trade unions of geologists, who were overseeing social matters, including leisure activities, due to low funding and a lack of adequate personnel and material-and-technical potential did not always successfully cope with the tasks set. The leveling of the shortcomings in this development was imposed on the initiative of the oil prospectors themselves, who were interested in improving conditions of their stay at the work sites. It is noted that the initiatives of the geologists expanded the possibilities of organized forms of leisure activities both at stationary places of residence and ’in the field’. The variability of leisure activities at the locations of geological parties, including residential places, was significantly higher than in the places of work ― ‘in the field’. However, even in conditions of remoteness from the centres of ‘culture’, oil prospectors carried out improvement of the quality and diversity of their leisure time on their own. The demand for and variability of the leisure practices were taking place in line with the ‘concept of culture’, depended on the degree of qualification and level of education of the specialists, personal development and attitude of the employees, and their environment. The implementation of leisure practices was necessitated by the need for compensating limited opportunities of the socio-cultural environment against the background of the dominance of the strenuous daily work, as well as the confrontation in the archaisation of the daily routine due to the prevalence of the deviant forms of behaviour. Many changes emanating from the oil prospectors and taking place in the socio-cultural sphere later took root and became an asset of the local population. The initiative of the geologists made it possible to expand and diversify leisure practices under the lack of opportunities and financial support of the social sphere, which facilitated positive changes in the daily life of the geologists themselves and population of the places where the oil prospectors were staying.

The relevance of the work is caused by the fundamental importance of social well-being in the development and prosperity of society. The article analyzes the phenomenon of social well-being in modern society in the context of social philosophy. The purpose: based on the analysis of scientific literature to substantiate the thesis that social well-being is a phenomenon of modern society, most fully manifested in such forms of its existence as objective and subjective well-being. Objective characteristics of well-being act as measurable indicators – economic, environmental and social quantifiers (such as the level of education, employment, etc.), the level of security, political stability, health, etc. Subjective characteristics include a sense of happiness, life satisfaction, sense of personal growth and development, psychological well-being, sense of being a part of society, interpersonal relationships (relationships with family, friends, in the workforce, etc.), etc. Research methods: explication and comparative analysis methods, historical, socio-philosophical. The results. It was analyzed that the phenomenon of social well-being is the subject of research in a number of humanities: history, sociology, philosophy, psychology. It is proved that social well-being is an important dominant of modern society, acting as a resource for the formation of new human relationships to their leisure, happiness, success. Social well-being is a dialectical unity of objective and subjective well-being. Conclusions. The author has implemented a scientific project on the relationship between social well-being and leisure. The classification of the main approaches to the analysis of social well-being is presented. The paper showns dialectical relation of subjective and objective social well-being, which takes special forms of interaction with such phenomena of society as happiness, leisure, prosperity.

The present paper presents the design of a teaching innovation project called "OCIGraf 2D". This project sought to introduce students to the basic principles of graphic representation (two-dimensional) based on a teaching proposal in which the symbiosis "cartographic plane - leisure pedagogy" is used as a teaching-learning tool. The objective is to motivate and reinvigorate highly reluctant students to acquire basic knowledge, mainly theoretical, regarding the subject of "Technical Drawing" (Graphic Expression area) through an innovative proposal inspiring active and participatory education with the public. Through this, it was sought to encourage curiosity based on practice and action-research (participation). Outcomes produced from the pilot study point to improved motivation in the participating student group regarding drawing out a 2D plan. This is evidenced by the fact that students reported learning to be practical for their daily life. Resumen En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un proyecto de innovación docente, denominado con el acrónimo "OCIGraf 2D", que versa sobre la introducción del alumnado a los principios básicos de la representación gráfica (bidimensional), a partir de una propuesta docente en la que se utiliza como herramienta de enseñanza-aprendizaje la simbiosis "plano cartográfico - pedagogía del ocio". El objetivo es motivar y recuperar al discente más remiso a la adquisición de conocimientos básicos, principalmente teóricos, de la materia de "Dibujo Técnico" (área de Expresión Gráfica) mediante una propuesta innovadora que genere una educación ciudadana activa y participativa. De cara a fomentar la curiosidad, a partir de la práctica y la investigación-acción (participación). Los resultados obtenidos del estudio piloto apuntan a una mejora de la motivación del grupo de estudiantes en relación a la representación de un plano 2D, evidenciada en que el alumnado pone de manifiesto que lo aprendido les resulta práctico de cara a su día a día.

In the period of adolescence, the need for freedom, independence, proving and confirming is most pronounced. In this search for their own identity, interest in the opposite sex and the desire to get to know the world, young people are increasingly evading parental control and supervision and are increasingly absent from the family. As young people spend more and more free time in their favourite activities such as going out to clubs and cafes, going to concerts, gatherings in parks, etc., a new, unexplored world opens before them, which becomes more and more attractive to them, but at the same time and sources of fear and insecurity. The aim of this paper is to gain insight into the habits and patterns of leisure time of young people from first to fourth grade of high schools in Una-Sana Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina, examine their sense of security, and analyse the reasons for feelings of insecurity among them. From December 2020 to May 2021, 1,300 students who took part in research activities were surveyed. The area where the research was conducted included eight municipalities in the Una-Sana Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Based on an analysis of leisure and consumer practices of students of two leading Kaliningrad universities, this paper attempts to reconstruct the actual space of Kaliningrad youth lifestyles, as well as to identify and describe groups following these lifestyles in socio-­economic and demographic terms. Five style groups are identified: the party people who prefer to spend their free time in bars and clubs; the hipsters who frequent theatres and lecture halls, whilst being staunch upholders of the consumerist culture promoted via social media; the ‘normal’ young people choosing physical exercise and standard weekend leisure activities; the young adults combining Soviet leisure heritage with creative and do-it-yourself practices; the homebodies opting for stay-at-home entertainment. Drawing on the discussion about the significance of lifestyle for modern society, the author concludes that lifestyles do not replace the usual socio-­economic stratification markers, and their capacity to differentiate youth groups with unequal access to economic and cultural resources of youth is also limited. Youth leisure lifestyles form an independent system of stratification, which partially coincides with existing social boundaries and partially overlaps with them. The main dividing line runs between the young people who can afford to choose from a ‘supermarket of styles’ and those deprived of such an opportunity.

Democratization, revolutions and technology have enabled the public to invade the private. The state has penetrated into private lives, the technology has created state of ubiquity, while our identities are vacillating into virtual, unstable and unsecure roles. In the state of constant negotium, the subtle state of otium has become almost impossible to achieve. Contrasted with leisure, free-time or relaxation, concept of otium is including contemplative aspects which can be seen as actions. Navigating around differing philosophical ideas, this paper aims to avoid them as much as possible so the concept could be presented independently, in its entirety. Boredom and disinterestedness will prove to be critical in establishing their true importance in the context of private civilization, conflicted with mass culture, mass entertainment, mass media. In arts and humanities, the concept will point out to certain destructive aspects of ambition and careerism.

Background: Participation in activities of daily living (ADL), education, leisure and play in children living with cerebral palsy (CP) may be affected by various factors, as outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). The aim of this study was to describe the participation patterns of a group of these children. Objectives: This study aimed to describe participation patterns in ADL, education, leisure and play activities of children living with CP in Modimolle. Method: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study design was used. A researcher-constructed bio-demographic data sheet and a semi-structured interview schedule were used to collect data from the primary caregivers of children (5–17 years) living with CP in Modimolle. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated from Sepedi to English and analysed using the content analysis approach and NVivo software. Results: The findings of this study indicated that children living with CP in Modimolle require set-up and assistance to participate in various ADL such as self-care, family and community activities. They also participate in formal and informal educational programmes as well as active and passive leisure and play activities. However, at the moment, they have limited opportunities to participate because of resource constraints and inaccessible infrastructure. Conclusion: Although children with CP in Modimolle perform some ADL, and participate in educational, leisure and play activities, they are not fully integrated into their community. Legislative support and policy implementation are required to improve participation and integration of children living with CP. Further studies on community-specific integrative strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities are recommended. Contribution: This paper provides valuable information on the participation patterns of children with CP living in a rural area of South Africa. The findings can assist with development and implementation of community-specific, integrative health and social care strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities.

Leisure has a rich social, psychological and educational potential. Choral singing is one of the most common organized musical leisure activities, which is, according to numerous studies, in addition to the obvious primary musical function, unattributed to various psychological, therapeutic, educational and other benefits. This paper presents the results of research aimed at determining the relationship between quality leisure time spent participating in choir activities, determinants and dimensions of subjective and psychological well-being and elements characteristic of the sense of life satisfaction (global and situational). The aim of the research was to determine the level of the subjective feeling of life satisfaction of choir singers, to point out possible benefits arising from active and organized music engagement in choirs and to check whether there is a connection between these activities and the subjective sense of life satisfaction in active singers of different ages, genders, and professional or amateur groups. The results indicate that choir singers show a relatively high level of life satisfaction and that there are certain differences in relation to their age, gender and status, but not in relation to the duration of their participation in the activity.

Leisure and tourism spaces are shared by both residents and tourists seeking a higher quality of life. Most of the literature focuses only on the study of a particular type of leisure or tourism space in cities and lacks an overall exploration of the distribution patterns of urban leisure and tourism formats. Based on the leisure and tourism point of interest (POI) data of 11 districts in Xi’an, this paper uses geospatial analysis to examine the spatial patterns of leisure and tourism facilities and their influencing factors in Xi’an. It is found in this study that the distributions overall and the various types of leisure and tourism spaces in Xi’an show the characteristics of central urban agglomeration and sparse dispersion in the surrounding urban areas. Different types of leisure and tourism patterns have obvious spatial scale dependence, but there are differences in the scope of spatial selection. In general, the core agglomeration area has limited radiation and driving effects on the peripheral areas, and there is a prominent phenomenon of imbalance in the distribution of leisure and tourism facilities following a single industrial structure. The formation of the spatial patterns of leisure and tourism is the result of a combination of dominant factors, driving factors, safeguarding factors, and other triggering factors. Urban leisure and tourism spaces are intertwined, and the spatial balance and industrial diversification of leisure and tourism can be promoted through scientific spatial planning. This study aims to provide services for urban land planning and policy-making by revealing the spatial distribution principles of leisure and tourism sites in tourist cities as represented by Xi’an.

Este artículo expone y reflexiona de forma crítica sobre el proyecto de investigación artística Ocio en la fábrica, que gira alrededor de la relación entre ocio y trabajo a partir de tres espacios de ocio del polígono Pla d'en Boet de Mataró (un bar, un gimnasio y un local de camas elásticas) en los que tres actrices son contratadas para llevar a cabo las actividades habituales en ellos. Remunerar a las actrices para realizar actividades de ocio se convierte en un acto simbólico de imbricar ocio y trabajo dentro de espacios industriales reconvertidos en espacios de ocio. Este artículo complementa los resultados videográficos y documentales del proceso de trabajo con una explicación detallada de su proceso, de las tomas de decisión y de las reflexiones conceptuales que lo hicieron posible. This article exposes and critically reflects on the artistic research project Ocio en la Fábria (Leisure in the factory), which revolves around the relationship between leisure and work based on three leisure spaces in the Pla d’en Boet industrial estate in Mataró —a bar, a gym and a local trampolines— in which three actresses are hired to carry out the usual activities in them. Paying actresses to carry out these leisure activities becomes a symbolic act of interweaving leisure and work within industrial spaces previously converted into leisure spaces. This paper complements the videographic and documentary results of the work process with a detailed explanation of its process, the decision-making and the conceptual reflections that made it possible.

The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of tourism certification, labelling and branding research. To review the scientific literature, we followed the PRISMA methodological approach. We started by outlining the spatial and temporal distribution of research linked to certification, labelling and branding, carried out in the social sciences and humanities. In the second step, we extracted the theoretical definitions and characteristics of these three processes in tourism from a selected body of literature. We continued by analysing hierarchical and non-hierarchical relations between certification and branding, and by drawing conclusions linked to duality, or even contradictions that are emerging in this field of tourism research.

Despite gerontology’s growing interest in culture, relatively little atten­tion has been given to older adults’ participation in theater. This paper addresses this gap by developing field theory as an analytical tool to conceptualize processes of cultural disengagement in later life. Ten older individuals (60+ years) were invited to investigate their access to three different theater spaces in Vienna. The investigation was documented through participatory observations, qualitative interviews, and photo di­aries. The results highlight three specific sets of rules that are relevant in theater: Rules about 1) the ageing body, 2) mobility, and 3) subjectivities. Furthermore, these rules are age-coded, which means that many of the rules visitors in theaters have to follow to be able to participate in theater are not easily followed by older adults. Finally, this article outlines the potential of field theory for gerontology and highlights the importance of studying processes of cultural disengagement in later life.

Sports tourism is a decisive factor in geographical mobility for leisure purposes. These activities entail certain acts and consequences inherent in their execution, which are worthy of study from the perspective of sustainable and reasonable tourism. Previous studies tried to show the characteristics of this type of tourist but did not provide relevant information to offer the necessary services to provide, to understand their patterns of habits, and to be able to act correctly. This paper aims to study the profile of the sports tourism consumer. Data provided by the National Institute of Statistics for the year 2019 was analyzed, taking a sample of 1496 people for statistical analysis. From these statistical analyses, key information on consumer profiles can be gleaned. Findings showed that people with Spanish nationality predominate, being mainly men. Both sexes show that they are over 40 years of age, with higher education, mostly married, cohabitation with a partner with children at home, with permanent employment contracts and certain patterns of behavior such as the use of their private car, and staying mainly in hotels or aparthotels. Therefore, from the point of view of sustainable tourism, it is vital to draw up profiles and patterns of consumers of this tourism, to evaluate and study its ecological, environmental, and social impact, as well as taking the appropriate measures to balance the balance between sports tourism and sustainability.

Ecotourism as an international concept promotes foreign and domestic tourism to locations in forests, oceans, and other forms of the natural world. National parks and other preserved ecosystems are popular destinations, usually located in the so-called developing countries or Global South countries, such as South and Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa. This paper examines the construction of labor and leisure as forms of experience of the “Great” Outdoors for both ecotourists and local peoples. We argue that ecotourism is a form of colonial/racialized/gendered gaze, in which power imbalances are reflected in people’s experiences of ecotourism as labor and leisure. We use case studies in Indonesia and India, based on our long standing field research in each respective country.

Children and young people are often labelled the “digital generation”, naturally equipped with the skills to reap the benefits of digitised education, working life and communication through social media now and in the future. However, this age group’s use of information and communication technology (ICT) is not uniform, nor are the outcomes of their adaption to ICT. Shaped by their social environment and socioeconomic conditions, the potential benefits of children’s and young people’s ICT use may vary greatly, contributing to increased inequalities that exacerbate vulnerability for some while promoting health and well-being for others. This paper presents a protocol for conceptualising, systematically identifying and synthesising the literature on which conditions contribute to children and young people being negatively or positively impacted by their use of ICT. Here, children and young people are seen as social actors in four domains of their everyday lives illustrated through the digital ecosystem: family, leisure, education and civic participation. This protocol’s overview of the actors’ navigation within and across the different domains and potential for studying the interactions between the different spheres of the ecosystem may advance the understanding of both the risks and benefits facing children and young people in their digital lives.