136,243 results
Search Results
2. Digital versus Paper Reading: A Systematic Literature Review on Contemporary Gaps According to Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Rurality
- Author
-
Igor Peras, Eva Klemenčič Mirazchiyski, Barbara Japelj Pavešić, and Žiga Mekiš Recek
- Subjects
digital reading ,e-reading ,paper reading ,gender differences ,socioeconomic status (SES) ,reading comprehension ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on electronic reading (e-reading) versus paper reading. The main objective was to assess the current state of research comparing digital and paper reading outcomes among students aged 6–18 years old, as well as assessing the impact of various factors (gender, socioeconomic status, and school location) in explaining the differences between the two modes. Inclusion criteria included the following: participants (6–18 years), research focus (comparing digital reading and paper reading), study type (quantitative or mixed methods), publication (peer reviewed between 2015 and 2022), and language (English). A systematic search in four databases (WOS, Scopus, ERIC, and JSTOR) in August 2022 was conducted by three reviewers. The search revealed 23 studies matching the inclusion criteria. The findings from the reviewed studies are diverse, with some reporting no significant differences in reading comprehension between the two modes, while others suggest screen inferiority, thereby favoring paper reading. Individual-level predictors, such as prior comprehension skills and reading habits, play a crucial role in determining reading performance across modes. Family-level factors, such as the number of books at home, and school-level factors, like the usage of ICT resources, influence both paper and digital reading comprehension. Moreover, gender differences in attitudes and performance towards different reading modes are apparent. SES is positively associated with reading achievement in both modes, with a larger effect shown for paper reading. Overall, the comparison between electronic and paper reading modes reveals a complex interplay of individual and contextual factors influencing reading comprehension and attitudes.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Developing an Educational Program for Ultrasound Hip Screening during Newborn and Infant Home Visits: A Protocol Paper
- Author
-
Kyoko Yoshioka-Maeda, Chikako Honda, Hiroshige Matsumoto, Takeshi Kinjo, Kenta Fujiwara, and Kiyoshi Aoki
- Subjects
community ,educational program ,hip screening ,nurse ,physical assessment ,ultrasonography ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Ultrasound hip screening is suitable for the early identification of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Newborn and infant home visits are good opportunities for hip screening in the community, but studies focusing on nurse-led screenings are lacking. Based on a pre–post design, this study aims to develop and evaluate an ultrasound training program to improve nurses’ assessment skills in detecting DDH cases during newborn and infant home visits. Said educational program will include e-learning, hands-on seminars, and clinical training. The primary outcome will be the success rate of imaging standard planes (standardized images for hip assessment) in clinical training. The secondary outcomes will include knowledge test results, objective structured clinical examination scores, time required for imaging, and inter-rater reliability between nurses and physicians. The educational program will address the issue of missed and late detection of DDH cases in resource-limited communities. This study will demonstrate the feasibility of procedures and the effectiveness of the educational program in 2024. The protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry before starting the study (no. UMIN000051929, 16 August 2023).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Understanding Frédéric Flachéron’s Paper Negative Process through Experimentation and Specular Reflection FTIR Analysis
- Author
-
Elena Bulat, Laura Panadero, Erin L. Murphy, and Arthur A. McClelland
- Subjects
specular reflection FTIR ,Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy ,cultural heritage chemical analysis ,paper negatives ,Frédéric Flachéron ,negative retouching ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Cultural heritage objects present a special set of challenges for chemical analysis. Often micro-sampling or even contacting the object is deemed an unacceptable risk to the object. This study examined if specular reflection FTIR, a non-sampling and non-contact analytical technique, can provide insight into chemical composition of the layered coatings on Frédéric Flachéron’s paper negatives (1848–1852) in the Harrison D. Horblit Collection of Early Photography, in Houghton Library, at Harvard University. Specular reflection FTIR data confirmed the identification of beeswax and sandarac as the transparentizing media on Flachéron’s paper negatives, as previously published by Lee Ann Daffner. However, specular reflection FTIR analysis also indicated that some negatives had additional localized coatings of orange shellac in specific areas of the images. To understand why Flachéron retouched his negatives with orange shellac, modern experimental replications of the paper negative process were performed. Through modern experimentation with the paper negative technique, it was found that Flachéron’s coatings of shellac served as an integral part of his image-altering technique. The color of the orange shellac subtly alters contrast and density, but it does not mask an area the way an opaque watercolor or highly pigmented paint might. The fine adjustments to the negatives with orange shellac were an attempt to perfect the contrast in the print, and better render depth and detail. These discoveries add to a growing body of recent research that points to the historic and art historic importance of negatives and coatings in photography. The specificity with which specular reflection FTIR was able to nondestructively identify the chemical composition of the local coating, and specifically target the analysis on the areas in which it appeared, allowed for an understanding of Flachéron’s use of local coatings as a retouching method rather than a protective coating.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Anti-Cracking TEOS-Based Hybrid Materials as Reinforcement Agents for Paper Relics
- Author
-
Mengruo Wu, Le Mu, Zhiyue Zhang, Xiangna Han, Hong Guo, and Liuyang Han
- Subjects
paper relics ,organosilane ,reinforcement ,preservation ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is the most commonly used silicon-based reinforcement agent for conserving art relics due to its cost-effectiveness and commercial maturity. However, the resulting silica gel phase is prone to developing cracks as the gel shrinks during the sol–gel process, potentially causing severe damage to the objects being treated. In this study, dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) was introduced into TEOS to minimize this shrinkage by adding elastic long chains to weaken the capillary forces. The gel formed from the DTMS/TEOS hybrid material was transparent and crack-free, featuring a dense microstructure without mesopores or micropores. It exhibited excellent thermal stability, with a glass transition temperature of up to 109.64 °C. Evaluation experiments were conducted on artificially aged, handmade bamboo paper. The TEOS-based hybrid material effectively combined with the paper fibers through the sol–gel process, polymerizing into a network structure that enveloped the paper surface or penetrated between the fibers. The surface of the treated paper displayed excellent hydrophobic properties, with no significant changes in appearance, color, or air permeability. The mechanical properties of the treated bamboo paper improved significantly, with longitudinal and transverse tensile strengths increasing by up to 36.63% and 44.25%, respectively. These research findings demonstrate the promising potential for the application of DTMS/TEOS hybrid materials in reinforcing paper relics.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Oil- and Water-Resistant Paper Using Holo-Lignocellulosic Nanofibril (LCNF)-Based Composite Coating
- Author
-
Shengdan Wang, Lihua Pei, Jichao Wei, Jiabao Xie, Xingxiang Ji, Yukang Wang, Peng Jia, and Yajuan Jiao
- Subjects
holo-lignocellulosic nanofibrils ,oil-resistant ,water-resistant ,coating ,packaging paper ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
In the present study, an environmentally friendly oil- and water-resistant paper was developed using a holo-lignocellulosic nanofibril (LCNF)-based composite coating. The LCNF was prepared from wheat straw using a biomechanical method. Characterizations of oil- and water-resistant coated paper and the effect of LCNF content on the performance of the coated paper were confirmed by combining contact angle analysis, Cobb 300s, and mechanical performance tests. The results show that the barrier performance and mechanical strength of the coated paper were greatly improved with the increase of LCNF content. The contact angle of oil and water of coated paper containing 50% LCNF were 69° and 78°, respectively, while the contact angle of oil and water of the base paper were only 30° and 20°, respectively. Cobb 300s values reduced from 110 g/m2 to 30 g/m2 when the LCNF content increased from 50% to 90%. Moreover, under the coating amount of 20 g/m2, the tensile strength of the coating paper was 0.980 KN/m, an increase of 10.11% compared with the base paper. The bursting strength reached 701.930 KPa, which was 10.75% higher than the base paper. In short, it is feasible to prepare LCNF from wheat straw, and apply it to produce water-proof and oil-proof paper. The water-proof and oil-proof paper developed in this study not only offers a novel approach to addressing white pollution but also presents a new research avenue for exploring the potential applications of agricultural waste.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Fluorescent Paper Based on CQDs/Rhodamine B: A Ratio and Sensitive Detection Platform for On-Site Fe3+ Sensing
- Author
-
Guangda Han, Jihai Cai, Lu Yang, Xiaoyun Li, and Xiaoying Wang
- Subjects
ratio fluorescence paper ,smartphone ,carbon quantum dots ,Fe3+ sensing ,xylan ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Fluorescent sensors with single reading are generally subject to unpredictable disturbs from environmental and artificial factors. In order to overcome this barrier of detection reliability, a paper-based optical sensor with proportional fluorescence was established and further combined with a smartphone for visual, on-site and quantitative detection of Fe3+, which affects the color, smell and taste of water, and endangers the health of plants and animals. The ratio fluorescent probe was fabricated by rhodamine B and carbon quantum dots derived from xylan. The red fluorescence of rhodamine B was inert to Fe3+, which was referred to as background. And blue emitting carbon quantum dots functioned as signal report units, which would be quenched by Fe3+ and make the fluorescence of the ratio probe change from purple to red. The quantitative detection of Fe3+ was conducted by investigating the RGB value of fluorescent images with a smartphone. With the increase of Fe3+ concentration, the R/B (red/blue) value of the fluorescent paper gradually increased. The linear detection range was 10–180 μM, and the limit of detection was 198.2 nM. The application of ratio fluorescent paper with a smartphone provides a facile method for the rapid detection of ions.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Development of Paper-Based Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor for Rapid Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus
- Author
-
Samr Kassem, Mervat E. Hamdy, Karim M. Selim, Dalia M. A. Elmasry, Momtaz A. Shahein, and Dalia M. El-Husseini
- Subjects
LSDV ,paper-based ,fluorescent ,MIPs ,biosensor ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a notifiable viral disease caused by Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV). It is usually associated with high economic losses, including a loss of productivity, infertility, and death. LSDV shares genetic and antigenic similarities with Sheep pox virus (SPV) and Goat pox (GPV) virus. Hence, the LSDV traditional diagnostic tools faced many limitations regarding sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity. Herein, we fabricated a paper-based turn-on fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) sensor for the rapid detection of LSDV. The LSDV-MIPs sensor showed strong fluorescent intensity signal enhancement in response to the presence of the virus within minutes. Our sensor showed a limit of detection of 101 log10 TCID50/mL. Moreover, it showed significantly higher specificity to LSDV relative to other viruses, especially SPV. To our knowledge, this is the first record of a paper-based rapid detection test for LSDV depending on fluorescent turn-on behavior.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Intelligent Detection and Odor Recognition of Cigarette Packaging Paper Boxes Based on a Homemade Electronic Nose
- Author
-
Xingguo Wang, Hao Li, Yunlong Wang, Bo Fu, and Bin Ai
- Subjects
electronic nose ,gas sensor array ,cigarette packaging paper ,odor detection ,machine learning ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
The printing process of box packaging paper can generate volatile organic compounds, resulting in odors that impact product quality and health. An efficient, objective, and cost-effective detection method is urgently needed. We utilized a self-developed electronic nose system to test four different cigarette packaging paper samples. Employing multivariate statistical methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Statistical Quality Control (SQC), and Similarity-based Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), we analyzed and processed the collected data. Comprehensive evaluation and quality control models were constructed to assess sample stability and distinguish odors. Results indicate that our electronic nose system rapidly detects odors and effectively performs quality control. By establishing models for quality stability control, we successfully identified samples with acceptable quality and those with odors. To further validate the system’s performance and extend its applications, we collected two types of cigarette packaging paper samples with odor data. Using data augmentation techniques, we expanded the dataset and achieved an accuracy rate of 0.9938 through classification and discrimination. This highlights the significant potential of our self-developed electronic nose system in recognizing cigarette packaging paper odors and odorous samples.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid Quantification Method by Counting Light Spots Formed by LAMP Amplicons on a Paper Membrane
- Author
-
Yanju Chen, Yuanyuan Zhu, Cheng Peng, Xiaofu Wang, Jian Wu, Huan Chen, and Junfeng Xu
- Subjects
nucleic acid quantification ,digital detection ,paper membrane ,probe-based LAMP ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Nucleic acid quantification, allowing us to accurately know the copy number of target nucleic acids, is significant for diagnosis, food safety, agricultural production, and environmental protection. However, current digital quantification methods require expensive instruments or complicated microfluidic chips, making it difficult to popularize in the point-of-care detection. Paper is an inexpensive and readily available material. In this study, we propose a simple and cost-effective paper membrane-based digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for nucleic acid quantification. In the presence of DNA fluorescence dyes, the high background signals will cover up the amplicons-formed bright spots. To reduce the background fluorescence signals, a quencher-fluorophore duplex was introduced in LAMP primers to replace non-specific fluorescence dyes. After that, the amplicons-formed spots on the paper membrane can be observed; thus, the target DNA can be quantified by counting the spots. Take Vibrio parahaemolyticus DNA detection as an instance, a good linear relationship is obtained between the light spots and the copy numbers of DNA. The paper membrane-based digital LAMP detection can detect 100 copies target DNA per reaction within 30 min. Overall, the proposed nucleic acid quantification method has the advantages of a simple workflow, short sample-in and answer-out time, low cost, and high signal-to-noise, which is promising for application in resourced limited areas.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Preparation and Characterization of Pullulan-Based Packaging Paper for Fruit Preservation
- Author
-
Hang Dong and Zhongjian Tian
- Subjects
pullulan-based paper ,antibacterial ,antioxidant ,fruit preservation ,shelf life ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Improving the shelf lives of fruits is challenging. The biodegradable polysaccharide pullulan exhibits excellent film-forming ability, gas barrier performance, and natural decomposability, making it an optimal material for fruit preservation. To overcome problems of high cost and film porosity of existing packaging technologies, we aimed to develop pullulan-based packaging paper to enhance the shelf lives of fruits. A thin paper coating comprising a mixture of 15 wt.% pullulan solution at various standard viscosities (75.6, 77.8, and 108.5 mPa·s) with tea polyphenols (15:2) and/or vitamin C (150:1) improved the oxygen transmission rate (120–160 cm3 m−2·24 h·0.1 MPa), water vapor transmission rate (−1 m−2·h·kPa), maximum free radical clearance rate (>87%), and antibacterial properties of base packaging paper. Grapes wrapped with these pullulan-based papers exhibited less weight loss (>4.41%) and improved hardness (>16.4%) after 10 days of storage compared to those of control grapes (wrapped in untreated/base paper). Grapes wrapped with pullulan-based paper had >12.6 wt.% total soluble solids, >1.5 mg/g soluble protein, >0.44 wt.% titratable acidity, and ≥4.5 mg 100 g−1 ascorbic acid. Thus, pullulan-based paper may prolong the shelf life of grapes with operational convenience, offering immense value for fruit preservation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Investigating the Influence of Diverse Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Conductive Fibers on Paper-Based Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
- Author
-
Xuan Ren, Haiwei Wu, Ya Xiao, Haoteng Wu, Huan Wang, Haiwen Li, Yuchen Guo, Peng Xu, Baohong Yang, and Chuanyin Xiong
- Subjects
lithium–sulfur batteries ,paper-based electrodes ,carbon nanotubes ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are expected to be one of the next generations of high-energy-density battery systems due to their high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1. Embracing the trends toward flexibility, lightweight design, and cost-effectiveness, paper-based electrodes offer a promising alternative to traditional coated cathodes in Li–S batteries. Within paper-based electrodes, conductive fibers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play a crucial role. They help to form a three-dimensional network within the paper matrix to ensure structural integrity over extended cycling while mitigating the shuttle effect by confining sulfur within the cathode. Herein, we explore how variously functionalized CNTs, serving as conductive fibers, impact the physical and electrochemical characteristics of paper-based sulfur cathodes in Li–S batteries. Specifically, graphitized hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (G-CNTs) exhibit remarkable capacity at low currents owing to their excellent conductivity and interaction with lithium polysulfide (LiPS), achieving the highest initial specific capacity of 1033 mAh g−1 at 0.25 C (1.1 mA cm−2). Aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-CNTs) demonstrate an enhanced affinity for LiPS due to the -NH2 groups. However, the uneven distribution of these fibers may induce electrode surface passivation during charge–discharge cycles. Notably, hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OH-CNTs) can establish a uniform and stable 3D network with plant fibers, showcasing superior mechanical properties and helping to mitigate Li2S agglomeration while preserving the electrode porosity. The paper-based electrode integrated with OH-CNTs even retains a specific capacity of approximately 800 mAh g−1 at about 1.25 C (5 mA cm−2), demonstrating good sulfur utilization and rate capacity compared to other CNT variants.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Carbon-Based Composites with Biodegradable Matrix for Flexible Paper Electronics
- Author
-
Jerzy Szałapak, Bartosz Zdanikowski, Aleksandra Kądziela, Sandra Lepak-Kuc, Łucja Dybowska-Sarapuk, Daniel Janczak, Tomasz Raczyński, and Małgorzata Jakubowska
- Subjects
biodegradability ,sustainable electronics ,printed electronics ,paper electronics ,ethyl cellulose ,screen printing ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The authors explore the development of paper-based electronics using carbon-based composites with a biodegradable matrix based on ethyl cellulose and dibasic ester solvent. The main focus is on screen-printing techniques for creating flexible, eco-friendly electronic devices. This research evaluates the printability with the rheological measurements, electrical properties, flexibility, and adhesion of these composites, considering various compositions, including graphene, graphite, and carbon black. The study finds that certain compositions offer sheet resistance below 1 kΩ/sq and good adhesion to paper substrates with just one layer of screen printing, demonstrating the potential for commercial applications, such as single-use electronics, flexible heaters, etc. The study also shows the impact of cyclic bending on the electrical parameters of the prepared layers. This research emphasizes the importance of the biodegradability of the matrix, contributing to the field of sustainable electronics. Overall, this study provides insights into developing environmentally friendly, flexible electronic components, highlighting the role of biodegradable materials in this evolving industry.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Flexible Graphene Paper Modified Using Pt&Pd Alloy Nanoparticles Decorated Nanoporous Gold Support for the Electrochemical Sensing of Small Molecular Biomarkers
- Author
-
Encheng Sun, Zhenqi Gu, Haoran Li, Xiao Liu, Yuan Li, and Fei Xiao
- Subjects
Pt& ,Pd nanoparticles ,nanoporous gold ,flexible graphene paper electrode ,electrochemical catalysis ,small molecular biomarker sensing ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The exploration into nanomaterial-based nonenzymatic biosensors with superb performance in terms of good sensitivity and anti-interference ability in disease marker monitoring has always attained undoubted priority in sensing systems. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a highly active nanocatalyst, i.e., palladium and platinum nanoparticles (Pt&Pd-NPs) decorated ultrathin nanoporous gold (NPG) film, which is modified on a homemade graphene paper (GP) to develop a high-performance freestanding and flexible nanohybrid electrode. Owing to the structural characteristics the robust GP electrode substrate, and high electrochemically catalytic activities and durability of the permeable NPG support and ultrafine and high-density Pt&Pd-NPs on it, the resultant Pt&Pd-NPs–NPG/GP electrode exhibits excellent sensing performance of low detection limitation, high sensitivity and anti-interference capability, good reproducibility and long-term stability for the detection of small molecular biomarkers hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose (Glu), and has been applied to the monitoring of H2O2 in different types of live cells and Glu in body fluids such as urine and fingertip blood, which is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis in point-of-care testing.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Ethanol Production from a Mixture of Waste Tissue Paper and Food Waste through Saccharification and Mixed-Culture Fermentation
- Author
-
Hongzhi Ma, Yueyao Wang, Pin Lv, Jun Zhou, Ming Gao, Dayi Qian, Bo Song, and Qunhui Wang
- Subjects
waste tissue paper ,hydrothermal pretreatment ,enzyme hydrolysis ,mixed fermentation ,ethanol ,Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol ,TP500-660 - Abstract
This study focused on the co-fermentation of food waste and tissue paper to produce ethanol, which will eliminate the need for additional nitrogen sources and nutrients, thereby reducing production costs. In response to the inhibitory effect of the high concentrations of glucose present in mixed-substrate hydrolysates on xylose fermentation, a co-fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida shehatae was proposed. This approach reduced the fermentation time by 24 h, increased the xylose utilization rate to 88%, and improved the ethanol yield from 41% to 46.5%. The impact of external conditions and corresponding optimization were also analyzed in this process. The optimum conditions were a 1:3 ratio of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Candida shehatae, a pH of 5, and shaking at 150 r/min, and by employing dynamic temperature control, the ethanol production was increased to 21.98 g/L. Compared to conventional processes that only use Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this method enhanced the ethanol yield from 41% to 49%.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effect of Secondary Paper Sludge on Physiological Traits of Lactuca sativa L. under Heavy-Metal Stress
- Author
-
Marija Yurkevich, Arkadiy Kurbatov, and Elena Ikkonen
- Subjects
Pb ,pulp and paper sludges ,soil properties ,lettuce ,photosynthesis ,respiration ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
To eliminate the negative effect of soil contamination with heavy metals on plant growth and crop yield, different methods and techniques are the subject of discussion and study. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of secondary pulp and paper-mill sludge application to soil on the response of the main physiological processes such as the growth, photosynthesis, and respiration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants to soil contamination with Pb. For the pot experiment, Pb was added to sandy loam soil at concentrations of 0, 50, and 250 mg Pb(NO3)2 per kg of the soil, and secondary sludge was added to a 0, 20, or 40% sludge solution during each plant watering. The Pb-mediated change in plant biomass allocation, decrease in the photosynthetic rate, increase in leaf respiration rate, and the degree of light inhibition of respiration were closely associated with increases in both root and shoot Pb content. For the Pb-free soil condition, secondary sludge application contributed to the allocation of plant biomass towards a greater accumulation in the shoots than in the roots. Although stomatal opening was not affected by either Pb or sludge, sludge application increased photosynthetic CO2 assimilation regardless of soil Pb content, which was associated with an increase in the electron-transport rate and carboxylase activity of Rubisco. Soil contamination with Pb significantly increased the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis, reflecting a shift in the carbon balance toward carbon losses in the leaves, but sludge application modified the coupling between the processes with a decrease in the proportion of respiratory carbon losses. The sludge-mediated recovery of the physiological processes of L. sativa reflected an increase in plant tolerance to soil contamination with heavy metals, the formation of which is associated with plant and soil adjustments initiated by secondary sludge application.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Special Issue Featuring Papers for Celebrating the Third Year since the Founding of Reproductive Medicine
- Author
-
Stefano Palomba
- Subjects
n/a ,Reproduction ,QH471-489 - Abstract
It is a great pleasure to introduce this Special Issue celebrating the third year since the founding of Reproductive Medicine [...]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Research on Strengthening Fragile Paper with Polyvinylamine
- Author
-
Jing Li, Meirong Shi, Yuhu Li, and Peng Fu
- Subjects
polyvinylamine ,paper documents ,fragile paper ,paper reinforcement ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Paper documents are an important carrier of information related to human civilization, with the reinforcement and protection of fragile paper documents being a key aspect of their protection. This research utilized amphoteric polyvinylamine polymer as a paper reinforcement agent, strengthening the Xuan paper commonly used in paper documents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state 13C NMR, and other analytical methods were employed to compare the physical properties, micro-morphology, crystallinity, and aging resistance of the paper before and after reinforcement. Research was conducted on the effects of reinforcement, the aging resistance, and the effects on the fiber structure. The results indicate that polyethylenimine has a filling and bridging effect between the paper fibers. After treatment with polyethylenimine, there was a significant improvement in the folding endurance and tensile strength of the paper. Additionally, the paper maintains a good mechanical strength even after undergoing dry heat and humid aging.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Highly Sensitive Paper-Based Force Sensors with Natural Micro-Nanostructure Sensitive Element
- Author
-
Haozhe Zhang, Yuyu Ren, Junwen Zhu, Yanshen Jia, Qiang Liu, and Xing Yang
- Subjects
paper-based sensor ,micro-nanostructure ,sensitive element ,paper material ,high sensitivity ,force sensor ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Flexible paper-based force sensors have garnered significant attention for their important potential applications in healthcare wearables, portable electronics, etc. However, most studies have only used paper as the flexible substrate for sensors, not fully exploiting the potential of paper’s micro-nanostructure for sensing. This article proposes a novel approach where paper serves both as the sensitive element and the flexible substrate of force sensors. Under external mechanical forces, the micro-nanostructure of the conductive-treated paper will change, leading to significant changes in the related electrical output and thus enabling sensing. To demonstrate the feasibility and universality of this new method, the article takes paper-based capacitive pressure sensors and paper-based resistive strain sensors as examples, detailing their fabrication processes, constructing sensing principle models based on the micro-nanostructure of paper materials, and testing their main sensing performance. For the capacitive paper-based pressure sensor, it achieves a high sensitivity of 1.623 kPa−1, a fast response time of 240 ms, and a minimum pressure resolution of 4.1 Pa. As for the resistive paper-based strain sensor, it achieves a high sensitivity of 72 and a fast response time of 300 ms. The proposed new method offers advantages such as high sensitivity, simplicity in the fabrication process, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness, providing new insights into the research of flexible force sensors.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Its Potential Application in the Paper Coating Industry as an Alternative for PFAS-Coated Paper and Single-Use Plastics
- Author
-
Syeda Shamila Hamdani, Hazem M. Elkholy, Alexandra Alford, Kang Jackson, Muhammad Naveed, Ian Wyman, Yun Wang, Kecheng Li, Syed W. Haider, and Muhammad Rabnawaz
- Subjects
biodegradable ,PFAS alternatives ,waterborne coatings ,water-resistant ,oil-resistant ,pulp recovery ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Polyethylene-, polyvinylidene chloride-, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-coated paper generate microplastics or fluorochemicals in the environment. Here, we report an approach for the development of oil-resistant papers using an environmentally friendly, fluorine-free, water-dispersible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating on kraft paper. Carboxylic-functionalized PDMS (PDMS-COOH) was synthesized and subsequently neutralized with ammonium bicarbonate to obtain a waterborne emulsion, which was then coated onto kraft paper. The water resistance of the coated paper was determined via Cobb60 measurements. The Cobb60 value was reduced to 2.70 ± 0.14 g/m2 as compared to 87.6 ± 5.1 g/m2 for uncoated paper, suggesting a remarkable improvement in water resistance. Similarly, oil resistance was found to be 12/12 on the kit test scale versus 0/12 for uncoated paper. In addition, the coated paper retained 70–90% of its inherent mechanical properties, and more importantly, the coated paper was recycled via pulp recovery using a standard protocol with a 91.1% yield.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Ciprofloxacin-, Cefazolin-, and Methicilin-Soaked Graphene Paper as an Antibacterial Medium Suppressing Cell Growth
- Author
-
Barbara Nasiłowska, Aneta Bombalska, Marta Kutwin, Agata Lange, Sławomir Jaworski, Kamila Narojczyk, Klaudia Olkowicz, and Zdzisław Bogdanowicz
- Subjects
graphene oxide ,graphene paper ,ciprofloxacin ,cefazolin ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on the impact of graphene paper on selected bacterial strains. Graphene oxide, from which graphene paper is made, has mainly bacteriostatic properties. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine the possibility of using graphene paper as a carrier of a medicinal substance. Studies of the degree of bacterial inhibition were performed on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Graphene paper was analyzed not only in the state of delivery but also after the incorporation of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and methicillin into its structures. In addition, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, contact angle, and microscopic analysis of bacteria on the surface of the examined graphene paper samples were also performed. Studies have shown that graphene paper with built-in ciprofloxacin had a bactericidal effect on the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, methicillin, as well as cefazolin, deposited on graphene paper acted mainly locally. Studies have shown that graphene paper can be used as a carrier of selected medicinal substances.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Ionic Liquids as Reconditioning Agents for Paper Artifacts
- Author
-
Catalin Croitoru and Ionut Claudiu Roata
- Subjects
paper artifacts ,cellulose ,ionic liquids ,cleaning agents ,preservation ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This research explores the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) in restoring paper artifacts, particularly an aged book sample. Three distinct ILs—1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-methyl-3-heptylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide —both in their pure form and isopropanol mixtures, were examined for their specific consumption in conjunction with paper, with 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide displaying the highest absorption. Notably, the methyl-3-heptylimidazolium ionic liquid displayed pronounced deacidification capabilities, elevating the paper pH close to a neutral 7. The treated paper exhibited significant color enhancements, particularly with 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs, as evidenced by CIE-Lab* parameters. An exploration of ILs as potential UV stabilizers for paper unveiled promising outcomes, with 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium IL demonstrating minimal yellowing post-UV irradiation. FTIR spectra elucidated structural alterations, underscoring the efficacy of ILs in removing small-molecular additives and macromolecules. The study also addressed the preservation of inked artifacts during cleaning, showcasing ILs’ ability to solubilize iron gall ink, particularly the one with the 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium cation. While exercising caution for prolonged use on inked supports is still recommended, ILs are shown here to be valuable for cleaning ink-stained surfaces, establishing their effectiveness in paper restoration and cultural heritage preservation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Structural Stability and Disorder Level of Moderately Reduced Paper-like Graphene Oxide Investigated with Micro-Raman Analysis
- Author
-
Karol Adam Janulewicz, Tomasz Fok, Bartosz Bartosewicz, Andrzej Bartnik, Henryk Fiedorowicz, and Przemysław Wachulak
- Subjects
graphene oxide paper ,micro-Raman analysis ,structural disorder ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
This paper discusses the results of the micro-Raman analysis performed on paper-like graphene oxide (GO) samples consisting of many functionalised graphene layers and annealed at moderate temperatures (≤500 °C) under vacuum conditions (p ≃ 10−4 mbar). The analysis of the standalone samples revealed that the obtained material is characterised by a noticeable disorder level but still stays below the commonly accepted threshold of high or total disorder. GO formed in a simple way showed two spectral bands above 1650 cm−1 recorded very rarely or not at all and their origin has been discussed in detail. The results also confirmed the metastable character of multilayer GO after the annealing process at moderate temperatures as the C/O ratio was kept between 2 and 3 and the spectral features were stable within the annealing temperature range.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Using Natural Dye Additives to Enhance the Energy Conversion Performance of a Cellulose Paper-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator
- Author
-
Supisara Piwbang, Walailak Kaeochana, Pawonpart Luechar, Weeraya Bunriw, Praphadsorn Chimsida, Wimonsiri Yamklang, Jirapan Sintusiri, and Viyada Harnchana
- Subjects
cellulose paper ,natural dyes ,triboelectric nanogenerator ,energy harvesting ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Green and sustainable power sources for next-generation electronics are being developed. A cellulose paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was fabricated to harness mechanical energy and convert it into electricity. This work proposes a novel approach to modify cellulose paper with natural dyes, including chlorophyll from spinach, anthocyanin from red cabbage, and curcumin from turmeric, to enhance the power output of a TENG. All the natural dyes are found to effectively improve the energy conversion performance of a cellulose paper-based TENG due to their photogenerated charges. The highest power density of 3.3 W/m2 is achieved from the cellulose paper-based TENG modified with chlorophyll, which is higher than those modified with anthocyanin and curcumin, respectively. The superior performance is attributed not only to the photosensitizer properties but also the molecular structure of the dye that promotes the electron-donating properties of cellulose.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Missionary’s Envision of Children in Late Qing China: Children’s Education and the Construction of Christian Discourse in Child’s Paper
- Author
-
Ziqi Huang, Haixia Zhao, and Fan Yang
- Subjects
children’s education ,Christianity ,Child’s Paper ,missionaries in Late Qing China ,Religions. Mythology. Rationalism ,BL1-2790 - Abstract
In the late Qing Dynasty, religious periodicals by Western missionaries were made legal in China, and subsequently became an important manner of their missionary cause. Among them, Child’s Paper 小孩月报 (1875–1881) by John Marshall Willoughby Farnham, a Protestant missionary from the United States, endeavoured to convert child readers by carrying children’s stories of moral and emotional education. By concentrating on the educational elements of Child’s Paper, this article inspects how conversion was achieved via the intertextual interpretation of Christian doctrines within these educational elements. Specifically, how the image of little Christians and urchins, respectively, represents salvation and redemption in Christian morals. This article holds that the missionaries’ stress on the authority of Christian discourse in the education of Chinese children makes evident an increasing emphasis on the reformative effects of Christianity on Chinese children. Moreover, the conversion-education efforts by missionaries also construed helping Chinese children gain a cross-cultural perspective on Western religion, and arguably inspired later Chinese intellectuals’ to create newspapers for the purpose of the pre-primary education of Chinese children.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Assessing the Ecological Cost of Material Flow in China’s Waste Paper Recycling System
- Author
-
Tiejun Dai
- Subjects
waste paper recycling system ,ecological cost ,material flow ,benchmark material flow ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This article introduces the concept of ecological costs associated with the waste paper recycling system. The costs associated with this process include resource consumption, waste emissions, ecological damage, and production processes. To analyze the ecological costs of deviations from the baseline material flow in a waste paper recycling system, a benchmark material flow diagram is constructed using the material flow analysis method. The diagram illustrates a fully closed one-way material flow of the recycling system, which is highly abstracted and simplified. The study analyzed the ecological costs of the benchmark material flow and the impact of deviations from it. The results suggest that the circulation of materials within and between processes increases the ecological cost of the waste paper recycling system. Furthermore, the release of materials from a process into the environment also contributes to its ecological impact. However, the introduction of external materials into the recycling system can reduce its ecological impact, particularly if these materials are recycled resources. The study emphasizes the significance of considering ecological costs in waste paper recycling systems to minimize their environmental impact.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Sequential Treatment by Ozonation and Biodegradation of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater to Eliminate Organic Contaminants
- Author
-
Jessica Amacosta, Tatyana Poznyak, Sergio Siles, and Isaac Chairez
- Subjects
pulp and paper ,toxic compounds ,residual water ,combined treatment ,ozonation-biodegradation ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
In this research, the decomposition of toxic organics from pulp and paper mill effluent by the sequential application of ozonation and biodegradation was studied. Ozonation, as a pre-treatment, was executed to transform the initial pollutants into less toxic compounds (such as organic acids of low molecular weights). Biodegradation was executed during three days with acclimated microorganisms that were able to complete the decomposition of the initial organic mixture (raw wastewater) and to achieve a higher degree of mineralization (85–90%). Experiments were performed under three different conditions: (a) only ozonation of the initial contaminants, (b) only biodegradation of residual water without previous treatment by ozone and (c) ozonation followed by biodegradation performed by acclimated microorganisms. In the case of 72 h of biodegradation, the mineralization efficiency reached 85% and 89% after 30 and 60 min of ozonation, respectively. The no significant difference in this parameter coincided with the calculated generalized microorganisms’ consortia specific growing rate μmax that was reduced from 2.08 × 10−3 h−1 to 6.05 × 10−4 h−1 when the ozonation time was longer. The identification of the organics composition by gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS) before and after treatments confirmed that the proposed combined process served as a more efficient alternative to secondary and tertiary treatments (mineralization degree between 60 and 80% in average) of the paper industry wastewater.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Legibility of Sans-Serif Typeface on Different Paper Grades Made from Invasive Alien Plant Species
- Author
-
Klementina Možina, Dorotea Kovačević, and Klemen Možina
- Subjects
colorimetric properties ,inkjet printing ,invasive alien plant species ,legibility ,paper properties ,printing substrate ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Invasive alien plant species (IAPS) may cause threats to native biodiversity in ecosystems. Researchers have been investigating all the possible ways that they can be used effectively for other purposes. Since IAPS are capable of forming cellulose fibre nets, in this research, papers were made from three different types of IAPS (Japanese knotweed, giant goldenrod, and black locust). This research examined these IAPS papers and their effectiveness when used as printing substrates. In comparison to commercial office paper, the differences in basic, surface, optical, and microscopic properties were measured. As a widely used technology, inkjet printing was applied. We tested a commonly used sans-serif typeface (which has been established as being more legible than other typefaces in previous research) in three different type sizes (i.e., 8, 10, and 12 pt). According to the results, paper made from IAPS could offer some usable properties and acceptable legibility, especially when printing typefaces with specific attributes, such as moderate counter size, higher x-height, and minimal differences in the letter stroke width, are used. An appropriate typographic tonal density should be achieved in combination with an adequate letter size, e.g., 10 pt type size when a sans-serif typeface is used.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Valorisation of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes—Incorporation in Bituminous Mixtures for Road Construction
- Author
-
Sara Martins, Silvino Capitão, Luís Araújo Santos, and Carla Rodrigues
- Subjects
wastes valorisation ,pulp and paper plant ,dregs ,grits ,bituminous mixtures ,leachates ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Some wastes from the paper pulp production process are still sent to a controlled waste landfill. These materials can constitute alternative resources for constructing road pavements. The study aimed to characterize and explore the sustainable application of two inorganic wastes resulting from the paper pulp process, the dregs (green liquor wastes) and the grits (slaker wastes), in the production of bituminous mixtures by the analysis of samples prepared with 5 and 10% of dregs and 5 and 10% of grits on the baseline reference bituminous mixture AC 14 surf 35/50. Some relevant mechanical properties of the blends were assessed based on Marshall compression, sensitivity to water and wheel-tracking tests. Additionally, water poured on the loose asphalt and compacted slabs’ surface was analysed to determine the portion of harmful chemical compounds leached from the asphalt material. The results show that using dregs presented some technical limitations related to mechanical performance and that the incorporation of grits has an acceptable mechanical behaviour. Moreover, the study shows that the measured leachate resulting from water flow in a reference asphalt mixture and the blends with grits are insignificant. It can be concluded that using grits in asphalt mixtures is a promising technique regarding mechanical behaviour and environmental impacts that need further studies.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Fluid Flow Dynamics in Partially Saturated Paper
- Author
-
Ashutosh Kumar, Jun Hatayama, Alex Soucy, Ethan Carpio, Nassim Rahmani, Constantine Anagnostopoulos, and Mohammad Faghri
- Subjects
fluid dynamics ,saturated paper substrate ,numerical modeling ,capillary flow ,porosity ,pore size ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
This study presents an integrated approach to understanding fluid dynamics in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs), combining empirical investigations with advanced numerical modeling. Paper-based devices are recognized for their low cost, portability, and simplicity and are increasingly applied in health, environmental monitoring, and food quality analysis. However, challenges such as lack of flow control and the need for advanced detection methods have limited their widespread adoption. To address these challenges, our study introduces a novel numerical model that incorporates factors such as pore size, fiber orientation, and porosity, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics across various saturation levels of paper. Empirical results focused on observing the wetted length in saturated paper substrates. The numerical model, integrating the Highly Simplified Marker and Cell (HSMAC) method and the High Order accuracy scheme Reducing Numerical Error Terms (HORNET) scheme, successfully predicts fluid flow in scenarios challenging for empirical observation, especially at high saturation levels. The model effectively mimicked the Lucas–Washburn relation for dry paper and demonstrated the increasing time requirement for fluid movement with rising saturation levels. It also accurately predicted faster fluid flow in Whatman Grade 4 filter paper compared with Grade 41 due to its larger pore size and forecasted an increased flow rate in the machine direction fiber orientation of Whatman Grade 4. These findings have significant implications for the design and application of µPADs, emphasizing the need for precise control of fluid flow and the consideration of substrate microstructural properties. The study’s combination of empirical data and advanced numerical modeling marks a considerable advancement in paper-based microfluidics, offering robust frameworks for future development and optimization of paper-based assays.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Green Development of Natural Fibre-Based Paper Mulch from Recyclable Cow Dung and Flax Straw Waste
- Author
-
Xiaoqing Cao, Lu Li, Fengwei Zhang, Fangyuan Zhang, Xuefeng Song, Wuyun Zhao, and Fei Dai
- Subjects
cow dung ,flax straw ,plant-based fibres ,fibre paper mulch ,film-forming mechanism ,cellulose ,Agriculture - Abstract
Livestock dung, discarded crop straws, and residual plastic film are the primary agricultural non-point sources of pollution. For livestock dung and discarded crop straw, the general treatment focuses on compost, animal fodder, industrial raw material, and new energy. The development of degradable mulch film is the main way to solve pollution from residual plastic film. However, an effective way to solve the above three types of pollution simultaneously and use them for ecological circular agriculture has been less studied. In this study, using cow dung and flax straw wastes as raw materials, we prepared natural, fibre-based paper mulch using the rapid-Kothen method and analysed the film-forming mechanism. Based on the Van Soest method, the cow dung and flax straw waste contain abundant cellulose fibres: 36.75% and 54.69%, respectively. The tensile strength and tear strength of fibre paper mulch are 1.87 kN/m and 19.91 N/mm, respectively. To enhance the adaptability of the fibre paper mulch in humid environments, the surface of the mulch was treated with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The AKD-coated fibre paper mulch displays hydrophobic properties, indicated by a contact angle of 128° ± 2°. It has a wet tensile strength of 0.64 kN/m and a wet tear strength of 8.23 N/mm. Additionally, it exhibits a dry tensile strength and a tear strength of 2.13 kN/m and 16.43 N/mm, respectively. Notably, the dry tensile strength is increased by 16.31%. In this way, the livestock dung and discarded crop straw can be reused, reducing dung pollution and straw burning in livestock farms, and the final products can alleviate the residual film pollution simultaneously.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Dietary Paper Mulberry Silage Supplementation Improves the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Yangzhou Goose
- Author
-
Ruhui Wang, Xin Wang, Yi Xiong, Jingwen Cao, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, Kuikui Ni, Yanli Lin, Xuekai Wang, and Fuyu Yang
- Subjects
goose ,paper mulberry ,growth performance ,carcass characteristic ,meat quality ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
There have been few investigations into the health benefits and meat quality of supplementing Yangzhou geese with paper mulberry silage. One hundred and twenty 28-day-old Yangzhou geese were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CON) and a paper mulberry silage group (PM), with six replicates in each group. The experiment lasted for a total of 6 weeks. The experiment found that compared with CON, PM had a promoting effect on the average daily weight gain of Yangzhou geese (p = 0.056). Sensory and nutritional analysis of breast muscles revealed a decrease in a* value (p < 0.05) and an increase in protein content (p < 0.05) following PM treatment. Through untargeted metabolomics analysis of breast muscle samples, it was found that 11 different metabolites, including guanidinoacetic acid and other substances, had a positive effect on amino acid metabolism and lipid antioxidant pathways of PM treatment. Overall, the strategy of feeding Yangzhou geese with paper mulberry silage is feasible, which can improve the sensory quality and nutritional value of goose meat. The experiment provides basic data for the application form of goose breeding, so exploring the impact of substances within paper mulberry on goose meat should be focused on in the future.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Paper-Mill Wastes for Bioethanol Production in Relation to Circular Economy Concepts: A Review
- Author
-
Dafna Or-Chen, Yoram Gerchman, Hadas Mamane, and Roi Peretz
- Subjects
paper-mill wastes ,bioethanol ,waste management ,waste-to-energy ,circular economy ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This review explores circular economy principles in regard to ethanol production from paper-mill sludge. Environmental sustainability and renewability over fossil fuels make second generation ethanol an attractive energy source in a rapidly growing population and consumption world. Paper sludge (PS), a by-product of the pulp and paper (P&P) industry, can no longer be recycled for paper production and is mainly disposed of in landfills. Therefore, it poses a major environmental challenge. However, it has shown potential as a valuable raw material for ethanol production, along with other pulp and paper products, due to its abundant availability and high cellulosic content. This waste-to-energy (WtE) technology for ethanol production is proposed as an alternative, aligning with circular economy concepts to maximize resource efficiency and minimize waste. This review underlines the circular economy aspects of bioethanol production within paper mill sludge management systems. Circular economy principles applied to ethanol production from PS offer a promising avenue for sustainable biofuel development that not only addresses waste management challenges but also enhances the overall environmental performance of biofuel production. Furthermore, economic benefits are described, highlighting the potential for job creation and community development.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Study on Nitrogen Migration during Co-Pyrolysis of Melamine-Impregnated Paper Waste and Camellia Oleifera Shell
- Author
-
Zhen Zhuo, Yanling Li, Peng Liu, Tanglei Sun, and Tingzhou Lei
- Subjects
biomass ,co-pyrolysis ,melamine-impregnated paper wastes ,nitrogen migration ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Melamine-impregnated paper waste (MIPW) is an unavoidable byproduct of the melamine-impregnated paper production process, and it must be urgently disposed. In this paper, due to its high N content, MIPW was used as a N source to co-pyrolyze with camellia oleifera shell (COS). By changing the proportion of MIPW in the raw materials, the migration path of the N was studied during the co-pyrolysis process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EA), total nitrogen analysis (TN) and ultraviolet spectrophotometry were used to determine the content and the types of N-containing components in raw materials and products. The results showed that during the co-pyrolysis process, the N in MIPW and COS would be converted into different types of N-containing components, and the proportion of MIPW in raw materials directly impacts the product distribution and the N migration path. With the increase in the proportion of MIPW from 10 to 50 wt.% (daf, mass ratio), the proportion of N in raw materials that migrated into the solid phase decreased from 27.58 to 16.31 wt.%, while that which migrated to the gas and liquid phases increased from 24.92 and 47.50 wt.% to 25.97 and 57.72 wt.%, respectively. The proportions of N in the raw materials that changed into pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N in the solid phase and N2-N in the gas phase were decreased. The proportions of NH3-N and HCN-N in the gas phase and NH3-N and organic-N in the liquid phase were increased. Moreover, synergies were observed during the co-pyrolysis process, which affected the N migration path in the raw material. This study will provide policy directions and theoretical support for the comprehensive utilization of MIPW and COS.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Powdered Cellulose Microblasting for Dry Cleaning Printed Works on Paper
- Author
-
Iris Bautista-Morenilla, Cristina Ruiz-Recasens, and Gema Campo-Francés
- Subjects
cellulose powder ,cultural heritage ,cleaning methods ,microblasting ,paper artwork ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This study evaluates the practical feasibility of using powdered cellulose microblasting for dry cleaning paper-based printed artworks in a real setting of conservation treatment. The control parameters used for this purpose are the potential morphological changes in the surface, the level of cleanliness achieved, and the amount of residue remaining in the artwork after the treatment. In this study, cleaning of a lithography was conducted entirely with powdered cellulose microblasting. The outcomes were evaluated before and after treatment using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry. The results indicate that powdered cellulose microblasting is a feasible and efficient technique for conducting the dry cleaning of printed works on paper without causing morphological changes to their surface. Additionally, it offers significant benefits by enabling precise treatment control, reducing cleaning time, and using materials stable in the long term and compatible with the substrate. Moreover, it mitigates the long-term negative effects caused by synthetic polymer residues from the cleaning materials commonly used in the dry cleaning of paper.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Recent Developments in Paper-Based Sensors with Instrument-Free Signal Readout Technologies (2020–2023)
- Author
-
Danni Yang, Chengju Hu, Hao Zhang, and Shan Geng
- Subjects
paper-based sensors ,instrument-free signal readout ,distance-based ,counting-based ,text-based ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Signal readout technologies that do not require any instrument are essential for improving the convenience and availability of paper-based sensors. Thanks to the remarkable progress in material science and nanotechnology, paper-based sensors with instrument-free signal readout have been developed for multiple purposes, such as biomedical detection, environmental pollutant tracking, and food analysis. In this review, the developments in instrument-free signal readout technologies for paper-based sensors from 2020 to 2023 are summarized. The instrument-free signal readout technologies, such as distance-based signal readout technology, counting-based signal readout technology, text-based signal readout technology, as well as other transduction technologies, are briefly introduced, respectively. On the other hand, the applications of paper-based sensors with instrument-free signal readout technologies are summarized, including biomedical analysis, environmental analysis, food analysis, and other applications. Finally, the potential and difficulties associated with the advancement of paper-based sensors without instruments are discussed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Origami Paper-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor with Carbon Nanohorns-Decorated Nanoporous Gold for Zearalenone Detection
- Author
-
Anabel Laza, Sirley V. Pereira, Germán A. Messina, Martín A. Fernández-Baldo, Julio Raba, Matías D. Regiart, and Franco A. Bertolino
- Subjects
paper-based ,electrochemical ,immunosensor ,carbon nanohorns ,nanoporous gold ,mycotoxin ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Nowadays, mycotoxin contamination in cereals and wastewater exposes a safety hazard to consumer health. This work describes the design of a simple, low-cost, and sensitive origami microfluidic paper-based device using electrochemical detection for zearalenone determination. The microfluidic immunosensor was designed on a paper platform by a wax printing process. The graphitized carbon working electrode modified with carbon nanohorns-decorated nanoporous gold showed a higher surface area, sensitivity, and adequate analytical performance. Electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The determination of zearalenone was carried out through a competitive immunoassay using specific antibodies immobilized by a covalent bond on the electrode surface. In the presence of HRP-labeled enzyme conjugate, substrate, and catechol, zearalenone was detected employing the developed immunosensor by applying −0.1 V to the working electrode vs silver as a pseudo-reference electrode. A calibration curve with a linear range between 10 and 1000 µg Kg−1 (R2 = 0.998) was obtained, and the limit of detection and quantification for the electrochemical immunosensor were 4.40 and 14.90 µg Kg−1, respectively. The coefficient of variation for intra- and inter-day assays was less than 5%. The selectivity and specificity of the sensor were evaluated, comparing the response against zearalenone metabolites and other mycotoxins that could affect the corn samples. Therefore, origami is a promising approach for paper-based electrochemical microfluidic sensors coupled to smartphones as a rapid and portable tool for in situ mycotoxins detection in real samples.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Component Recognition and Coordinate Extraction in Two-Dimensional Paper Drawings Using SegFormer
- Author
-
Shengkun Gu and Dejiang Wang
- Subjects
semantic segmentation ,two-dimensional paper ,component recognition ,coordinate extraction ,image processing ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 - Abstract
Within the domain of architectural urban informatization, the automated precision recognition of two-dimensional paper schematics emerges as a pivotal technical challenge. Recognition methods traditionally employed frequently encounter limitations due to the fluctuating quality of architectural drawings and the bounds of current image processing methodologies, inhibiting the realization of high accuracy. The research delineates an innovative framework that synthesizes refined semantic segmentation algorithms with image processing techniques and precise coordinate identification methods, with the objective of enhancing the accuracy and operational efficiency in the identification of architectural elements. A meticulously curated data set, featuring 13 principal categories of building and structural components, facilitated the comprehensive training and assessment of two disparate deep learning models. The empirical findings reveal that these algorithms attained mean intersection over union (MIoU) values of 96.44% and 98.01% on the evaluation data set, marking a substantial enhancement in performance relative to traditional approaches. In conjunction, the framework’s integration of the Hough Transform with SQL Server technology has significantly reduced the coordinate detection error rates for linear and circular elements to below 0.1% and 0.15%, respectively. This investigation not only accomplishes the efficacious transition from analog two-dimensional paper drawings to their digital counterparts, but also assures the precise identification and localization of essential architectural components within the digital image coordinate framework. These developments are of considerable importance in furthering the digital transition within the construction industry and establish a robust foundation for the forthcoming extension of data collections and the refinement of algorithmic efficacy.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A Hypothetical Approach to Concentrate Microorganisms from Human Urine Samples Using Paper-Based Adsorbents for Point-of-Care Molecular Assays
- Author
-
Isha Uttam, Sujesh Sudarsan, Rohitraj Ray, Raja Chinnappan, Ahmed Yaqinuddin, Khaled Al-Kattan, and Naresh Kumar Mani
- Subjects
preconcentration ,loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) ,urine ,microbial adhesion ,hydrophobic ,paper-based analytical devices (PADs) ,Science - Abstract
This hypothesis demonstrates that the efficiency of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for nucleic acid detection can be positively influenced by the preconcentration of microbial cells onto hydrophobic paper surfaces. The mechanism of this model is based on the high affinity of microbes towards hydrophobic surfaces. Extensive studies have demonstrated that hydrophobic surfaces exhibit enhanced bacterial and fungal adhesion. By exploiting this inherent affinity of hydrophobic paper substrates, the preconcentration approach enables the adherence of a greater number of target cells, resulting in a higher concentration of target templates for amplification directly from urine samples. In contrast to conventional methods, which often involve complex procedures, this approach offers a simpler, cost-effective, and user-friendly alternative. Moreover, the integration of cell adhesion, LAMP amplification, and signal readout within paper origami-based devices can provide a portable, robust, and highly efficient platform for rapid nucleic acid detection. This innovative hypothesis holds significant potential for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics and field surveillance applications. Further research and development in this field will advance the implementation of this technology, contributing to improved healthcare systems and public health outcomes.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Porous Carbon Interlayer Derived from Traditional Korean Paper for Li–S Batteries
- Author
-
Yunju Choi, Hyungil Jang, Jong-Pil Kim, Jaeyeong Lee, Euh Duck Jeong, Jong-Seong Bae, and Heon-Cheol Shin
- Subjects
Korean paper ,hanji ,lithium–sulfur battery ,sulfur cathode ,electrochemical performance ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A carbonized interlayer effectively helps to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. In this study, a simple and inexpensive carbon intermediate layer was fabricated using a traditional Korean paper called “hanji”. This carbon interlayer has a fibrous porous structure, with a specific surface area of 91.82 m2 g−1 and a BJH adsorption average pore diameter of 26.63 nm. The prepared carbon interlayer was utilized as an intermediary layer in Li–S batteries to decrease the charge-transfer resistance and capture dissolved lithium polysulfides. The porous fiber-shaped carbon interlayer suppressed the migration of polysulfides produced during the electrochemical process. The carbon interlayer facilitates the adsorption of soluble lithium polysulfides, allowing for their re-utilization in subsequent cycles. Additionally, the carbon interlayer significantly reduces the polarization of the cell. This simple strategy results in a significant improvement in cycle performance. Consequently, the discharge capacity at 0.5 C after 150 cycles was confirmed to have improved by more than twofold, reaching 230 mAh g−1 for cells without the interlayer and 583 mAh g−1 for cells with the interlayer. This study demonstrates a simple method for improving the capacity of Li–S batteries by integrating a functional carbon interlayer.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Cement-Based Mortars with Waste Paper Sludge-Derived Cellulose Fibers for Building Applications
- Author
-
Francesco Bencardino, Pietro Mazzuca, Ricardo do Carmo, Hugo Costa, and Roberta Curto
- Subjects
cellulose fibers ,cement-based mortar ,masonry wall ,waste material ,waste paper sludge ,Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc. ,TP200-248 ,Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc. ,TP890-933 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
This study assesses the mechanical properties of mortars incorporating waste paper sludge-derived cellulose fibers. Compression and flexural tests were carried out on specimens prepared with cellulose fibers at different proportions, ranging from 0% to 2% of the total weight of the solid mortar constituents (cement, sand, and lime). In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of the preparation method on the mechanical properties of the mortars. To this end, two series of mortars were studied: one prepared following a rigorous control of the preparation parameters and the other made without systematic parameter control to simulate typical on-site conditions. Finally, the applicability of both traditional and eco-friendly mortars in the construction of small-scale masonry walls was assessed through compression tests. Overall, the mechanical properties of mortars with cellulose fibers were comparable to those with 0% waste material, regardless of the production process. Regarding the compressive behavior of masonry walls, experimental tests showed significant similarities between specimens made with traditional and eco-friendly mortar. In conclusion, incorporating cellulose fibers into cement-based mortar shows considerable potential for building applications, enhancing the environmental benefits without compromising the mechanical behavior.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Watermark Imaging System: Revealing the Internal Structure of Historical Papers
- Author
-
Elisa Ou, Paul Messier, Ruixue Lian, Andrew Messier, and William Sethares
- Subjects
watermark ,chain line ,image registration ,image stack ,raking light ,transmitted light ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
This paper introduces the Watermark Imaging System (WImSy) which can be used to photograph, document, and study sheets of paper. The WImSy provides surface images, raking light images, and transmitted light images of the paper, all in perfect alignment. We develop algorithms that exploit this alignment by combining several images together in a process that mimics both the “surface image removal” technique and the method of “high dynamic range” photographs. An improved optimization criterion and an automatic parameter selection procedure streamline the process and make it practical for art historians and conservators to extract the relevant information to study watermarks. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in several experiments on images taken with the WImSy at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and at the Getty Museum in Los Angeles, and the results are compared with manually optimized images.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Use of a Natural Polysaccharide as a Solidifying Agent and Color-Fixing Agent on Modern Paper and Historical Materials
- Author
-
Lucia Emanuele, Tanja Dujaković, Graziella Roselli, Simone Campanelli, and Giulia Bellesi
- Subjects
opuntia ficus indica ,solidifying agent ,color fixative ,new cleaning method ,bioproducts ,green conservation-restoration ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This article presents results on the use of a new material as a solidifying agent and/or color-fixing agent. A special polysaccharide material extracted from the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) was tested on historical materials and modern papers. An old book from the 18th century was chosen as historical material. From the mentioned book 42 pages were taken, on which a conservation and restoration pretreatment was performed before applying the polysaccharide material: sampling, fiber analysis, dry cleaning, ink solubility, pH test, thickness measurement and wet cleaning. The paper sheets provided for the test were divided into 4 groups, 3 of which were treated with gel and one left untreated as a reference. The division into groups is not only due to the different method of application, but also due to the process of gel extraction. The effect of the treatment was analyzed using FTIR-ATR. To test the mucilage as color-fixing agent 2 samples were prepared using watercolor papers colored with 6 different watercolors applied to 2.5 cm2 samples for each color in two rows of different intensity. One of the 2 samples was treated with gel, but both were immersed for 3 times in a water-ethanol solution for approximately 20 min as is standard practice in conservation and restoration. After washing, both specimens were subjected to colorimetric analysis to assess their differences. The results provided satisfactory evidence for the protection of paints sensitive to aqueous treatments and suggest the use of mucilage as a new material in cleaning method for water-soluble media.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Versatile Application of TiO2@PDA Modified Filter Paper for Oily Wastewater Treatment
- Author
-
Chang-Hua Zhao, Yu-Ping Zhang, Li Wan, Xin-Xin Chen, Pei Yuan, and Ling-Bo Qu
- Subjects
TiO2@PDA ,filter paper ,oil/water separation ,emulsion separation ,purification ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Although membrane separation technology has been widely used in the treatment of oily wastewater, the complexity and high cost of the membrane preparation, as well as its poor stability, limit its further development. In this study, via the vacuum-assisted suction filtration method, polydopamine (PDA)-coated TiO2 nanoparticles were tightly attached and embedded on both sides of laboratory filter paper (FP). The resultant FP possessed the typical wettability of high hydrophilicity in the air with the water contact angle (WCA) of 28°, superoleophilicity with the oil contact angle (OCA) close to 0°, underwater superoleophobicity with the underwater OCA greater than 150°, and superhydrophobicity under the water with the underoil WCA over 150° for five kinds of organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride, toluene, n-hexane, n-octane, and iso-octane). The separation efficiency of immiscible oil/water, oil-in-water, and water-in-oil emulsions using the modified FP is higher than 99%. After 17 cycles of emulsion separation, a high separation efficiency of 99% was still maintained for the FP, along with good chemical and mechanical stability. In addition, successful separation and purification were also realized for the oil-in-water emulsion that contained the methylene blue (MB) dye, along with the complete degradation of MB in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Oxidation Treatments Using Hydrogen Peroxide to Convert Paper-Grade Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp into Dissolving-Grade Pulp
- Author
-
Andrea Vera-Loor, Panagiota Rigou, Gérard Mortha, and Nathalie Marlin
- Subjects
dissolving pulp ,hydrogen peroxide ,periodate oxidation ,paper grade pulp ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Converting paper-grade bleached Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp using eco-friendly chemicals on-site at the mill is a challenge for the pulp industry. In this study, two oxidation systems are evaluated: the first one is based on the use of hydrogen peroxide at various levels of alkalinity; the second one investigates the use of sodium periodate followed by hydrogen peroxide to convert aldehydes into carboxyls and enhance their hemicelluloses removal. Our results have shown that when using only peroxide, the removal of hemicelluloses was not sufficient to improve the pulp’s dissolving ability. Conversely, the periodate–peroxide system proved to be more efficient. Results regarding the pulp purity, solubility, degradation (pulp viscosity and cellulose molecular mass distribution), brightness, and its potential applications were discussed.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Editorial to the Special Issue 'Feature Papers in Psychometrics and Educational Measurement'
- Author
-
Alexander Robitzsch
- Subjects
n/a ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The Special Issue “Feature Papers in Psychometrics and Educational Measurement” (https://www [...]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Study of Salmonella spp. from Cage Papers Belonging to Pet Birds in an Argentinean Canary Breeder Championship
- Author
-
Dante J. Bueno, Francisco I. Rodríguez, Luciana C. Machado, Mario A. Soria, Francisco Procura, Silvana C. Gómez, Teresa M. Hoffmann, Andrea Alcain, María I. Caffer, Juan D. Latorre, and Javier O. Quintar
- Subjects
canary ,Salmonella ,bird fairs ,Argentina ,antibiotic ,disinfectant ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Birds, including canaries and other birds, have become increasingly popular as pets. Bird fairs, where breeders gather and show their production in a championship setting, present a setting for possible Salmonella spp. contamination and transmission. Therefore, this study estimated the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers, located in the bottom of cages of exotic pet birds, including canaries. Collected Salmonella isolates were used to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile to 52 antibiotics and 17 commercial disinfectants, based on pure or a mixture of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, alkalis, halogens, peroxygen, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The samples consisted of 774 cage papers taken in the 2015 Argentinean canary breeder championship, pooling three cage papers into one sterile sampling bag. Only one pool of the cage papers was positive for Salmonella spp. (0.4%), which belonged to the sample from three frill canary cages. Two strains of Salmonella serotype Glostrup were isolated, which were only resistant to sulfonamides and erythromycin and sensitive to alkali-based product PL301 AS. Although the rate of Salmonella spp. isolation from cage papers in an Argentinean canary breeder championship is low, it should not be discounted because Salmonella ser. Glostrup can be a source of human Salmonella outbreaks and they show high resistance to disinfecting products.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Mechanical and Microstructural Changes in Expansive Soils Treated with Lime and Lignin Fiber from Paper Industry
- Author
-
Taian Wang and Yejiao Wang
- Subjects
expansive soil ,lignin fiber ,calcium-based admixtures ,improved soil ,mechanical properties ,microstructure ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Expansive soil exhibits significant swellings and shrinkages, which may result in severe damage or the collapse of structures built upon it. Calcium-based admixtures, such as lime, are commonly used to improve this problematic soil. However, traditional chemical additions can increase significant environmental stress. This paper proposes a sustainable solution, namely, the use of lignin fiber (LF) from the paper industry to partially replace lime as an amendment for expansive soils. Both the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the lignin fiber-treated expansive soil are extensively studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of expansive soil are improved by using lignin fiber alone. Under the condition of an optimal dosage of 8%, the compressive strength of lignin fiber-modified soil can reach 193 kPa, the shear strength is increased by 40% compared with the untreated soil, and the water conductivity is also improved with the increase in dosage. In addition, compared with 2% lime-modified soil, the compressive strength of 8% lignin fiber- and 2% lime composite-treated expansive soil increased by 50%, the cohesion increased by 12%, and the water conductivity decreased significantly. The microstructure analysis shows that at an 8% lignin fiber content, lignin fibers interweave into a network in the soil, which effectively enhances the strength and stability of the improved soil. Simultaneously, the fibers can form bridges across the adjacent micropores, leading to the merging of pores and transforming fine, dispersed micropores into larger, connected macropores. Lime promotes the flocculation of soil particles, forming larger aggregates and thus resulting in larger pores. The addition of fibers exerts an inhibitory effect on the flocculation reaction in the composite-improved soil. In conclusion, lignin fibers are an effective addition used to partially replace calcium admixture for the treatment of expansive soil, which provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly treatment scheme for reducing industrial waste.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Scientometrics Evaluation of Published Scientific Papers on the Use of Proteomics Technologies in Mastitis Research in Ruminants
- Author
-
Maria V. Bourganou, Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos, Daphne T. Lianou, George Th. Tsangaris, George C. Fthenakis, and Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Subjects
bibliometric analysis ,cattle ,goat ,LC/MS-MS ,mammary infection ,mastitis ,Medicine - Abstract
The objective of this study was the presentation of quantitative characteristics regarding the scientific content and bibliometric details of the relevant publications. In total, 156 papers were considered. Most papers presented original studies (n = 135), and fewer were reviews (n = 21). Most original articles (n = 101) referred to work involving cattle. Most original articles described work related to the diagnosis (n = 72) or pathogenesis (n = 62) of mastitis. Most original articles included field work (n = 75), whilst fewer included experimental (n = 31) or laboratory (n = 30) work. The tissue assessed most frequently in the studies was milk (n = 59). Milk was assessed more frequently in studies on the diagnosis (61.1% of relevant studies) or pathogenesis (30.6%) of the infection, but mammary tissue was assessed more frequently in studies on the treatment (31.0%). In total, 47 pathogens were included in the studies described; most were Gram-positive bacteria (n = 34). The three bacteria most frequently included in the studies were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 55 articles), Escherichia coli (n = 31) and Streptococcus uberis (n = 19). The proteomics technology employed more often in the respective studies was liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), either on its own (n = 56) or in combination with other technologies (n = 40). The median year of publication of articles involving bioinformatics or LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics was the most recent: 2022. The 156 papers were published in 78 different journals, most frequently in the Journal of Proteomics (n = 16 papers) and the Journal of Dairy Science (n = 12). The median number of cited references in the papers was 48. In the papers, there were 1143 co-authors (mean: 7.3 ± 0.3 co-authors per paper, median: 7, min.–max.: 1–19) and 742 individual authors. Among them, 15 authors had published at least seven papers (max.: 10). Further, there were 218 individual authors who were the first or last authors in the papers. Most papers were submitted for open access (n = 79). The median number of citations received by the 156 papers was 12 (min.–max.: 0–339), and the median yearly number of citations was 2.0 (min.–max.: 0.0–29.5). The h-index of the papers was 33, and the m-index was 2. The increased number of cited references in papers and international collaboration in the respective study were the variables associated with most citations to published papers. This is the first ever scientometrics evaluation of proteomics studies, the results of which highlighted the characteristics of published papers on mastitis and proteomics. The use of proteomics in mastitis research has focused on the elucidation of pathogenesis and diagnosis of the infection; LC-MS/MS has been established as the most frequently used proteomics technology, although the use of bioinformatics has also emerged recently as a useful tool.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Erythrosine–Dialdehyde Cellulose Nanocrystal Coatings for Antibacterial Paper Packaging
- Author
-
Shih-Chen Shi, Sing-Wei Ouyang, and Dieter Rahmadiawan
- Subjects
photodynamic antibacterial ,cellulose ,biopolymer ,circular economy ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Though paper is an environmentally friendly alternative to plastic as a packaging material, it lacks antibacterial properties, and some papers have a low resistance to oil or water. In this study, a multifunctional paper-coating material was developed to reduce the use of plastic packaging and enhance paper performance. Natural cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with excellent properties were used as the base material for the coating. The CNCs were functionalized into dialdehyde CNCs (DACNCs) through periodate oxidation. The DACNCs were subsequently complexed using erythrosine as a photosensitizer to form an erythrosine–CNC composite (Ery-DACNCs) with photodynamic inactivation. The Ery-DACNCs achieved inactivations above 90% after 30 min of green light irradiation and above 85% after 60 min of white light irradiation (to simulate real-world lighting conditions), indicating photodynamic inactivation effects. The optimal parameters for a layer-by-layer dip coating of kraft paper with Ery-DACNCs were 4.5-wt% Ery-DACNCs and 15 coating layers. Compared to non-coated kraft paper and polyethylene-coated paper, the Ery-DACNC-coated paper exhibited enhanced mechanical properties (an increase of 28% in bursting strength). More than 90% of the bacteria were inactivated after 40 min of green light irradiation, and more than 80% were inactivated after 60 min of white light irradiation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.