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This paper presents theoretical developments of some issues in the physics of space intrusions. We report the discovery of a new effect – variations in brightness and “wobbling” in the meteor trail. The frequency of the variations of brightness (f_c) and wobbling (f_m) that can be measured is important information parameters that allow us to obtain estimates all the characteristics of the meteor if its height and speed are known. Basic two-side intrusion observations automatically determine both the height and speed of the intrusion. We offer a new “tuning technique” that allows determining the meteor characteristics during one-side observations. The essence of a new technique is to fine-tune the initial parameters of the simulation model of intrusion until the calculated and measured frequencies f_c, f_m coincide. We found that rotation plays an important role in the dynamics of meteors; in particular, they can burst in due to centrifugal forces that exceed the strength of the material. In the case of one-side observations, we construct a grid of intrusion models using the Impact 4A software program on the plane of the primary “mass–speed” meteoroid. As a result of modelling, we find the height at which the frequency ratio f_c/f_m coincides with the value found from measurements for exploding meteoroid. The paper describes the characteristics of the space intrusion of a meteor in Kyiv on August 12, 2019, 22:52:57 UT. The amplitude of the brightness fluctuations was found about 0.1 magnitudes, the amplitude of the wobbling of about 4 arc seconds. Using the Impact 4A software program the preatmospheric velocity was evaluated ∼40 km/sec; the mass of the meteoroid was evaluated approximately 0.45 kg. This meteoroid reached maximum light at 82.2 km and ablated partially. We find estimates of a residual mass of about 10 grams and a residual speed of about 20 km/s. We found that the radius of the helical path of the meteor at this height is about 1.5 meters. The meteoroid reached a critical value of the speed of rotation on the surface. At this moment, a meteoroid exploded and destroyed.

This paper presents an example of the application of theoretical developments on some issues of physics of space invasion. The effect of brightness oscillations and “wobbling” in the meteor trail, which we discovered, allows us to obtain estimates of some characteristics of the meteor by measuring the frequency of changes in the brightness in the trace (f_c) and meteoroid oscillations (f_m), if its velocity and altitude are known. Based on the proposed “tuning technique”, it is possible to determine the characteristics of the meteor at one-sided observations. To do this, we set the initial parameters for the model of meteoroid dynamics by the coincidence of the calculated and measured values of the frequencies f_c and f_m. Our simulation allows us to find the altitude at which the ratio of frequencies f_c/f_m coincides with the value found in the explosion of a meteoroid. Using this “tuning technique” and assuming the mineral composition for the meteor, we found estimates of the initial velocity of 21 km/s and the mass of 850 kg of the meteoroid, which reached a critical value of surface speed at an altitude of about 20.9 km in about 7.9 s with a residual mass of about 13.9 kg and a residual speed of about 10.9 km/s. At that moment, the meteoroid exploded.

A bundle of papers dealing with functionally stable systems requires the necessity of analyzing of obtained results and their understanding in a general context of cybernetic's development and applications. Description of this field of science, main results and perspectives of the new theory of functionally stability of dynamical systems concerning the problem of remote-piloted aircrafts engineering using pseudosatellite technologies are proposed in the paper.

In this paper we considered approach for the modeling of a global gravitational field using a non-diagonal normal equations matrix. Orthogonal properties are used that are caused due to the uniform location of data on a spherical surface. Two cases of data placement, at the peaks of trapezium and for the central values of the trapezium, and the corresponding orthogonal properties of these cases are considered. The method of dividing the matrix of normal equations into several smaller linearly independent matrices is applied. As a result, certain groups of harmonic coefficients of even and odd orders and degrees were determined. This made it possible to parallelize the calculation process, which greatly reduced the time of execution of this work. This approach can be recommended for scientists involved in gravitational field modeling and have no access to powerful computing clusters, or for constructing of ultrahigh-level models. Such an approach to the definition of harmonic coefficients significantly expands the scope of scientists who could deal with these issues. Three models of the global gravitational field of the Earth 180, 360 and 720 degrees were constructed using the regular grids of 30′ × 30′, 30′ × 30′ and 9′ × 9′ respectively. The obtained models were compared with the model EGM2008 within the spectral amplitudes, which were constructed for each degree of the model of the gravitational field of the Earth and presented for the signal model, the differences between the two signals of the comparable models and the accumulation of such differences. Based on the obtained harmonic coefficients, gravity anomalies were reproduced and compared with the original sets. The standard deviations of the differences between the primary and the calculated anomalies were calculated with next standard deviations 13.21 mGal, 5.36 mGal and 7.52 mGal for models 180, 360 and 720 degrees, respectively. The unit of weight of the mean square error and the covariance matrix were calculated, after this a posteriori estimation of the accuracy of the obtained models was performed. It is shown that according to the anomalies DTU10 it is possible to construct a global gravity field model of the Earth up to 550 degree/order.

It is follows from the observation data that the nonthermal radio source Sgr A* at the Galactic Center must be identified with a supermassive compact object with mass 2.6 x10^6 M_Sun. In paper (Verozub L.V., Kochetov A.Y, 2001) the existence of stable configurations of degenerated Fermi-gas without events horizon with masses 0^6 M_Sun - 10^9 M_Sun was argued. A spherically symmetric hydrodynamical accretion onto the object in the Galactic Center is considered in this paper. The profiles of the velocity, temperature and density in the falling gas have found taking into account of two-flow regime, dissipation processes, pressure of radiation and strong gravitation effects. The spectrum of the bremsstrahlung radiation is calculated. It is shown that the our results do not contradict the observation data.

The main problems associated with the creation of reference-analytical and reference-information systems are considered in the article. The use of client-server architecture is suggested. The methods for creating a geoinformation (cartographic) component of a distributed information and reference GIS based on the client-server architecture are substantiated. Centralized storage of electronic maps and tied databases on the server and free access to information from customers is one of the most expedient options of the structural organization. This article examines the problem of reducing the complexity of user-generated work cards. It occurs when working with complex electronic cards stored on the server, and it involves an inadmissible increase in the size of the user's work card after receiving a response to the request. The complexity of the article refers to the number of primitives – the simplest graphical elements of the map description. This value has a significant effect on the operational performance of reference geographic information systems (RGIS). In particular, the time of image regeneration, access to non-graphic data and execution of vector map processing application applications increases. Since the main mode of operation of the user with RGIS is a dialog, slowing down the system processes from seconds to tens of minutes in some areas of use is simply unacceptable. The problem under consideration arises sooner or later in any RGIS, since the flow of new information into the system under normal operation is unavoidable. Human economic activity, the dynamics of the natural environment, socioeconomic processes, reflected in the RGIS, cause the growth of the complexity of the electronic card. The approach proposed in this paper to transfer map data in a complex network reference GIS allows you to regulate the load of the client, thereby increasing the quality of the system with the user.

The paper is devoted to the problem of the heavy metal salts influence on the plants spectral characteristics. Also in the article is described the procedure of remote passive sensing of vegetation state that can be used for developing environmental pollution detection algorithm. The investigation was consisted from two independent experiments: the first was aimed to study how various heavy metal salts are affecting the spectral characteristics of the Kalanchoe; the second – to study how different concentrations of harmful agents influence on the spectral properties of the dark green Ceratophyllum demersum. For mixes creation was used the following chemical agents: 1) FeSO_4 (2.7 mol); 2) CsCl (4 mol); 3) ZnSO_4 (3 mol); 4) MnCl_2 (4 mol); 5) K_2Cr_2O_7 (3 mol); 6) control sample. The spectral measurements were carried out with experimental box that consists of the led lamp and the portable spectral system based on the ASP-100 spectrometer. The leaves reflectance spectra after exposure to different heavy metals salts demonstrated sufficient changes in the form of a spectral curve after 24 hours. This effect allows to use reflectance spectra as identifier by remote methods. Also, the similar reactions occurred at different concentrations. To simplify the measurement procedure of harmful agents affects as physiological stress a contrast ratio was used. More informative and reliable indicator of the different concentrations and salts effect was found in the near infrared range (from 500 nm to 750 nm). This happens as the plants are not uniformly located in test tubes. Contrast ratio analysis showed that the most sensitive spectral bounds that maximally sense the harmful agent presence at environment are the ranges in 530 nm and 670 nm. A linear statistical relationship was observed between the plants physiological stress expressed by the pigment content and spectral parameters, that characterizing the leaves ability of light transmission and reflection. From the results of experimental observations followed that changes in the biological and spectral characteristics of a plant depend from a stress duration, a harmful agent concentration and the type of the agent.

This paper offers the representation of the potential of planets by a sequence of non-harmonic continuous functions, which are determined by direct resolve of the inversion radius in the binomial series. The coefficients of such interpretation are, in essence, the quantities determined by the body's shape and its filling, generating the potential by the masses and, therefore, taking into account their features. In connection with this, there is a need to study the nature of these quantities (for example, the possible connection with the parameters of the external gravitational field) and to develop methods and means for their determination. There are introduced algorithms for finding these elements of such representation, investigated the character and structure, connected with the harmony in the middle of a bulk body, what allows to find the coefficients of the resolve of series by means of linear combinations of parameters of the external gravitational field of the celestial body (Stokes constant), which is confirmed by arithmetical experiment on a concrete example. On the contrary, according to the known values for the elements in this representation, it is possible to determine Stokes permanent gravitational fields of planetary bodies. This, in turn, allows us to determine the value of the potential of the force of attraction (gravity, if we take into account the rotating component) throughout the space, including at points that are close to the surface or are on it. Obviously, the advantage of this approach consists in the computational aspect, since such images are not harmonic functions of the external generating body, and therefore the proposed approximation should be considered as an approximation of the continuous function. But, given the slow convergence (or even difference) of approaching ball functions in areas close to the surface, such an approach can be considered as an additional tool (or even alternative) when studying the representation of a gravitational field by classical methods (for example, by means of ball functions). Also the recording of the attraction potential using binomial series can be considered as its analytic continuation in the middle of the generating body with the corresponding distribution of masses and used in the interpretation of planetary geodynamic processes, which consist precisely in the proposed areas.

This paper studies the distortions of the cartographic projection, which is used in the Google Earth electronic source for further estimation of the possibilities of usage of the cartographic data when solving different cartographic problems.

The problem of determining the dynamic shapes of planetary satellites becomes important today. The goal of this paper is to analyze the physical properties of satellites which are referred to planetoids. An analysis of planetary satellites as self-gravitating structures is performed, and parameters of their dynamic shapes are determined.

The paper reviews recent studies of cyclicity of magnetic activity of the Sun based on the αΩ-dynamo model. It is noted that there is a functional dependence between the observed values of the poloidal B_P and toroidal B_T magnetic fields. This allows predicting the amplitude and the strength of cycle for the measured field B_P at the beginning of the cycle. Nevertheless, for a long time no positive correlations between the characteristics of sunspots cycle (Wolf number or the total area of spots) and polar magnetic flux at the end of the cycle were found. As it turned out later, this was due to the fact that the α-effect of Babcock–Leighton, defined by tilt angles of the bipolar magnetic fields, turbulent diffusion and meridional circulation, leading to regeneration of the poloidal field, is characterized by random fluctuations in time and space. The situation changed drastically after the parameter of magnetic strength of cycle was introduced, which is a product of the area of spots cycle and tilt angles of the bipolar magnetic groups. Within the framework of the αΩ-dynamo this indicates that the surface α effect of Babcock–Leighton leads to the generation of the poloidal magnetic field at the end of the current cycle, and its assimilated parameter is an integral component of future forecasts based on the solar dynamo models. Relying on the data which cover the time span of more than a century, recent studies have established that the memory interval of cycle is limited only by one cycle.

The paper is devoted to improvement of the real (tropical) moon-solar cycle. Calendar long-period moon-solar cycles (Julian and Gregorian), which use for the calculation of age of the Moon the Julian and Gregorian calendar years instead of tropical year, as in the real moon-solar cycle, are introduced. It allows to increase the accuracy of a calculation of the age of Moon at very large time interval.

As a result of observations in nearly four years the authors have identified a class of twilight bolides. Traces of Twilight bolides are observed from a few minutes to two hours. The paper considers simultaneous observation of the evening twilight fireball in the sky over the Kiev region 08.07.2016. Base distance between the photographing points was 25.8 km. Thermal explosion, flashing and decay of the body invaded into the atmosphere over Kiev region began at altitude of 55–65 km. It flared up and slowly moving along the inclined path disappeared at the height of about 30–33 km.

Determining of dynamic shapes of planetary satellites is today the urgent problem. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the physical properties of satellites which we refer to planetoids.Planetary satellites are analyzed as self-gravitating structures, and differences in their dynamic and geometric shapes are identified.

At the end of the 20th century the manufacturing technology of light receivers based on CCD matrix got rapid development. Due to with the spread of these devices the creation of automated telescopes has started. This paper describes the main categories of robotic telescopes and their surveillance capabilities, and are examples of some of them. More details describes one of the first small automated telescopes developed in Ukraine – Kyiv Internet telescope and presents some observational results obtained with it. Now the telescope is widely used in applications of scientific observations of exoplanets, eclipsing binary stars, asteroids, distant comets and other celestial objects and for educational purposes.

In this paper we deal with the problem of analytic calculation of the YORP effect of an asteroid in terms of its shape. The calculations are made for spheroidal asteroids, whose shape slightly differs from a triaxial ellipsoid. We analytically describe a real asteroid as a triaxial ellipsoid perturbed with spherical harmonics. The results can be applied to predict the YORP torque for asteroids with specified shape, as well as to understand contribution of roughness on different scales to the YORP effect.

The paper provides a study, during which the fully accessible and open information from the literature and thematic maps is processed and systemized, reflecting the state of the problem of the radiological monitoring of the territories using the geoinformation technology. The stated ArcGIS technologies is used in the Web ecological Chernihiv region atlas for the map binding of sites and zones of the radioactive and chemical contamination of the territories as well as filling the atlas data with ecological and economical resources of the region.

As a result of two years of observations the authors identified twilight class of bolides. Unlike the nighttime observations of bright meteor traces that can be seen no more than ten seconds, twilight traces are observed from a few minutes to two hours. The paper considers the synchronous observation of the evening twilight fireball in the sky over Kiev 25/06/2014 by Dashkiev G.N. and Steklov A.F. The basic distance between of photographing points was 8,55 km. On the assumption that the explosions of large meteoroids in the atmosphere and flash of brightness occurs at the height of their maximum braking in the range significantly less than the height of the homogeneous atmosphere, it follows that the thermal explosion of the meteoroid took place at the height substantially more than 15 km. Moreover, flashings and disintegration of perhaps cometary material, began at height more than 25 km. The meteoroid does not flown to the surface of the Earth and disintegrated into fine particles. Preliminary estimate of initial mass of the fragment before the entry into the atmosphere is from 2 to 10 tons. On both photos are visible only dispersed trace of cometary nuclei fragments that disintegrated.

The paper presents an algorithm for calculating crop yields using the index NDVI. The research was carried out at almost the whole Ukraine territory at the level of regions. The proposed algorithm allows a fast and qualitative monitoring of the required fields for predicting the crop yield.

In this paper a model of creation and evolution of the universe in which the laws of physics are performed. The model implies that our Universe is a part of a Super-Universe as a separate layer in the fiber space, and the information communication exists between adjacent layers through the single point. During the formation of Super-Universe it was filled first a one-dimensional World of Field-time, then a two-dimensional (1+1) World was filled with energy and Planck's particles which carry the electric and magnetic charges. Completion of two-dimensional world filling leads to a “transfusion” of energy into the neighboring three-dimensional World which presents a world of known quarks which have the fractional electric charges, color charges, and spins. The next step is a “transfusion” of energy into the four-dimensional (3+1) World and the birth of the particles of this World. Evolution of this World has a completion by the brane creation of five-dimensional World. This evolution is accompanying by the birth of the entire set of stable and unstable heavy nuclei and atoms. A filling of each new layer at the fiber space does not bring the entropy into this space (i.e. cold and completely deterministic start of evolution). The proposed model supports the anthropic principle in the Universe.

The results of processing and analysis of spectral observations of exoplanet system HD189733 are presented in the paper. The system consists of spectral type K1–K2 star and one extrasolar planet transiting across the star disk. Four object spectra were obtained with spectral resolution R=45000. High resolution coude-echelle spectrograph locating on the 2-meter mirror telescope Zeiss-2000 at the peak Terskol Observatory was used. It was detected increasing of depth and equivalent width of absorbing lines Hα, Hβ, Hγ, Hδ, H & K CaII, Na I D2 & D1 in spectra obtaining during transit and directly after that as compared with spectra obtaining during 30 minutes immediately before transit. Central emissions in H & K CaII lines were detected in all obtaining spectra.

Observational data of last decades show the accelerated expansion of our Universe. This fact can be explained if we consider Einstein's equations with uniform energy density and non-uniform pressure. In this paper we study one of these solutions for shiftless perfect fluid.

An approach for vegetation state estimation is presented in the paper. It is based on the determination of the chlorophyll content in the plant leaves using spectral data and statistical learning methods. The problem of model identification is presented as dual optimization problem. Also the experimental data obtaining procedure, numerical results and comparative analysis are shown.

From the general theory of relativity it is known that the force of gravitational interaction never exceeds the value F_max=c^2/4G. In this paper we try to make the notion of the force limit intuitively understandable, and illustrate it with thought experiments with such exotic objects as black holes. It was found that maximum limits of force, power, and flow of mass exist in nature. These limits are physically equivalent. All the maximum values could be seen only on a black hole surface. Moreover, maximum limits of force, power, and mass flow are inevitable consequences of properties of the event horizon of a black hole. And vice versa, the existence of black holes could be deduced from the principle of the maximum force. So, these three principles also could be considered as features of a black hole. The role played by the maximum force in general relativity is similar to the role played by speed of light in special relativity.

We critical analyze paper by V.A.Kotov [1], what contains the important results of observations of total magnetic field of the Sun observed in Crimea astrophysical observatory in FeI 5247.1 and 5250.2Å lines during 2001–2011. A conclusion is argued that obtained observational data indicate the true magnetic field changes in small-scale flux tubes. Likely, magnetic field strengths in such fluxtubes change with solar cycle phase in the following way: maximum field values arise nearly the minimum of sunspots number, whereas minimum one – 2–4 years after peak of solar cycle. From comparison of named changes with visual measurements of magnetic fields in sunspots [2, 3] follows that magnetic field strength in large sunspots (22–44 Mm) and spatially unresolved fluxtubes change in opposite phase with difference no more than one year.

This paper presents the first results of CCD photometry of selected Hilda group asteroids. These observations are part of a program carried out in the Institute of Astronomy of the Kharkiv National University, that is aimed to receive the parameters of the rotation and the optical properties of asteroids from the resonant groups. The observations were carried out at the standard spectral bands V and R. We have observed 12 Hilda asteroids: 334 Chicago, 1038 Tuckia, 1162 Larissa, 1180 Rita, 1269 Rollandia, 1578 Kirkwood, 1746 Brouwer, 1748 Mauderli, 1754 Cunningham, 3134 Kostinsky, 3990 Heimdal, 9829 Murillo. 80 light curves of these asteroids were obtained. The obtained data allowed us also to defined, substantially improved or made estimates the rotation periods of 9 asteroids. New detailed magnitude – phase dependences were obtained for three asteroids: 334 Chicago, 1162 Larissa, 1748 Mauderli.

The focus of the study was to assess gradual changes occurring throughout a range of natural ecosystems using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) time series data. Through analyses of time series data, we found evidence of gradual systematic change in many of the natural vegetation communities. The system method multiobjective optimization was used in the research. The combined GIS and statistical analysis of the shallow waters of upper Kiev reservoir showed that the helophytic macrophyte belt, dominated by common reed (Phragmites australis), has rapidly widened during the last three decades. The approach described in this paper demonstrates that Landsat time series data can be used operationally for assessing gradual ecosystem change across large areas. Local knowledge and available ancillary data are required in order to fully understand the nature of these trends.

Our paper presents the results of the direct numerical simulation of acceleration of charged particles in turbulent magnetized plasmas. We show the resonant nature of particles scattering in the coordinate and momentum spaces on the Alfven wave as one component of a stochastic set of waves with different amplitudes and lengths. Also the modelling the energy spectrum formation of the accelerated particles due to their interaction with the full spectrum of MHD waves that satisfy the conditions in the relativistic jet deceleration regions of FRI-radio galaxies is performed.

In January 11, 2008 we celebrated the 100th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding astronomer, founder of the science of meteors in the USSR, Igor Stanislavovich Astapovich. His areas of research was multifaceted: the evolution of meteor streams and the relationship between the small solar system bodies, the problem of meteor security, meteor astronomy, meteor physics, meteor geophysics, meteoritics and other. Archive of observations of I.S.Astapovich contains over 40,000 meteors and is unsurpassed in the world. The list of his publications is about 800 scientific articles, books and brochures. Information about the life and the scientific work of I.S.Astapovich authors present in this paper.

In this paper the development of brightness outburst of comet 17Р/Holmes is considered, detected in October 2007. Authors consider the comet disintegration process as isotropic ejection of solid fraction of comet nucleus at any point along the orbit of celestial body under consideration with a set ejection velocities range. Modeling results allow to reveal the trends in orbital elements changes of ejected fragments and to construct the general picture of space fulfillment by orbits of studied object's disintegration products at a calculation time span, to check the possibility of comet and meteor showers connection. This technology was applied for consideration of comet Holmes life cycle. By using the obtained orbital elements of the comet, authors modeled the comet nucleus disintegration for all the 17 revolutions and got the possible meteoroid complex for comet 17Р/Holmes.

In this paper the connection between meteor showers and comets is considered. Numerical modeling of comet nuclei desintegration process was applied to get the theoretical estimates of geometry characteristics for modeled meteor showers. The model cosidered the range of particles escape velocities from 0.1 to 100 m/s. To simplify the calculations the particles escapes were considered at three points along the orbit: at aphelion, at perihelion and at 1 AU from the Sun. The difference between modeled characteristics of meteor showers and their observational values is discussed.

The paper is devoted to numerical modeling of orbital evolution of 34 Centaurs, and 2 distant Jupiter-family comets – 39P/Oterma and 29P/Shwassmann-Wachmann 1. As a result the evolutionary tracks of orbital elements of 33 Centaurs and 3 comets (95/Р Chiron (2060), 39P/Oterma and 29P/Shwassmann–Wachmann 1) are obtained. The integrations were produced for 1 Myr back and forth in time starting at epoch and using the implicit single sequence Everhart methods. The statistical analysis of numerical integrations results was done, trends in changes of Centaurs' orbital elements in the past and in the future are revealed. The part of Centaurs that are potential comets is defined by the values of perihelia distributions for modeled orbits. It is shown that Centaurs may transits into orbits typical for Jupiter-family comets, and vice versa. Centaurs represent one of possible sources for replenishment of JFCs population, but other sources are also necessary.

In this paper the Centaurs' orbital elements distribution is considered. Centaurs under consideration are 82 currently known objects with perihelia in the domain of giant planets and aphelia below 50 AU.

In this paper three complexes of minor bodies in the Solar System are considered. First complex is related with periodic comet Finlay. It includes meteorite Murchison, fall on 1969 September 28 in Australia, fireball stream, five asteroids, comet Haneda–Campos (D/1978 R1), and perhaps, comet Lexell (1770 I) with its family of minor meteor streams.Thea family of comet C/SOHO (2002 V5), consisting of 20 comets, and a large shower of small meteoroids, detected by radar observations (191 orbit), are the second complex of small bodies. The C/SOHO (2001 D1) with two showers of meteoric bodies, found by radar observations (155 orbits) belongs to the third complex of small bodies. The composition of the comet and meteor wide complex also includes a showers of the May Skorpionid with bright meteors and fireballs.

Sources and chemical (mass) composition of the ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are still unknown. Once more, recent results of the experimental measurements of the energy spectrum and chemical composition of UHECRs presented by AUGER, HIRES and TA are contradictory: HIRES and TA data are consistent with a proton-dominated flux of UHECRs for the all energy diapason, while AUGER data suggest increasing contribution of heavy nuclei at highest energy. In this paper the energy dependence of the depth of the shower maximum development X_max for UHECR flux composed of mixture of protons and irons is investigated. It is shown, that AUGER 2011 data about the spectrum and chemical composition can be explained as a sum of fluxes of light (proton) and heavy (iron) components with domination of proton component (maximum contribution of iron component about 30%).

In the paper we analyze temperature changes of the earth upper atmosphere over 6 storms, which occurred in 1993–1994 years. The measurements from satellite UARS in altitudinal range from 80 km to 300 km were used. The obtained temperature increasing at the heights of mesopause can be explained by the propagation and dissipation of atmosphere gravity waves in non-isothermal atmosphere with taking into account the viscosity and thermal conductivity. After numerical modeling we found that the temperature gradient along altitude had been the main factor of dissipation and propagation of the waves. At the same time, the amplitude of the waves has low dependence from coefficients of viscosity and thermal conductivity.

The paper used data from almost 40 years of monitoring the fluxes of radio sources 3C120, 3C345, OJ287, held on the 26-meter radio telescope from the University of Michigan, at frequencies of 14.5 GHz (1974–1999) 8 GHz (1965–1999) and 4.8 GHz (1978–1999). Applied processing technique, which allows consistently identify periods of flux variability from the longest to the shortest. The main periods of long-term variability of fluxes at the source 3C120 were 11, 13 and 13.5 years, at the source 3C345 – 18, 20.5 and 24.7 years, OJ287 – 16, 17.7 and 23 years. Also, found a large number of short periods in the range of 0.8–3 years from all sources at different frequencies. For each radio allocated separate periods of activity, observed simultaneously at three frequencies. In each period of active growth phase flux are allocated, the maximum and minimum phase, as well as intermediate extrema. We show that in each period of activity changes in the flux of time shift between adjacent pairs of different frequencies differed in the various phases of activity. This source 3C120 maximum time shift, depending on the frequency was within the 0.10–1.06 years, 3C345 0.88–2.60 years and for OJ287 0.06–0.94 years.

Modern quantitative characteristics of Galaxy subsystems, that are important for models of its structure and evolution, are adduced in the paper. Compiled model of general Galaxy evolution and problems of its reliability and completeness are discussed.

Process of formation of conception on Galaxy structure is analysed. Forming of Galaxy subsystems of different ages and principal results, which were obtained till beginning of XXI century, are discussed in the paper.

The investigation of HII region optical spectra of the BCD galaxy IC4662 is presented in this paper. Spectral data were obtained at ESO VLT. This spectra includes such bright emission lines as H_β 4861, OIII 4363, 4959, 5007 etc. During the research were derived O and N chemical abundances. Also we studied kinematics of ionised gas of HII region of the galaxy.

The main methods and ways of modulation of the polarized light are presented in the paper. The main attention is concentrated on modulator built using the electric motors with hollow rotor.

The paper presents the results of investigation of dynamical behaviour of known SOHO comets, assuming their orbits to be near-parabolic. Their parabolic orbits derived from the coronographs data covering short near perihelion part of the orbits are not precisely determined and it is possible to make assumption about their near parabolic eccentricities. Sungrazing comets discovered from the Earth with better determined orbits support this idea, too. The long-term numerical integrations of the model SOHO comets with the near parabolic eccentricities show periodical changes of their eccentricities, inclinations and perihelion distances. Majority of their revolution around the Sun pass within the space behind the Mars orbit. Some of these bodies come periodically to the vicinity of the inner planets.

In our paper a simulation of light curve of quasar OJ287 is curried out. We consider the evolution of a binary black hole system, in which the passage of a less massive component through the accretion disk of a more massive component creates a flash of radiation in the optical range. The comparison of calculated and observed moments of outbursts allows to estimate the parameters of the system, calculate its further evolution, and in particular to predict the characteristics of gravitational radiation.

This paper is devoted to the analysis of correspondence between predictions of inflationary cosmological model with mixed dark matter, arbitrary space curvature and data of modern experiments for measurements of cosmic microwave background anisotropy (CMB). Inflationary scenario for large-scale structure formation predicts power spectrum of CMB angular fluctuations in the form of sequence of power amplifications (acoustic peaks).Therefore statistically robust identification of such peculiarity in the observed spectrum on the scale about one degree confirms the inflationary theory and gives a possibility to put constraints on the cosmological parameters. Using the observational data on CMB anisotropy, the position lp and the amplitude of such peak Ap were determined. From these results along with constraints on baryon content from primordial nucleosynthesis theory [4], Supernovae I-a observations data [21] and Hubble constant measurements [25], [17] the following conclusion was made: space curvature is negligible,the slope of primordial power spectrum of density fluctuations is close to unity, content of matter in general density is 30%.

The review of theoretical basis of possible gravitational experiments on the verification of general relativity in the solar system is represented in the paper.

The slowly decreasing with distance localized non-homogeneous distributions of magnetization of ferromagnetic are found in the paper. The exchange energy of the ferromagnetic includes more invariants than it includes usually. It is shown that the potential energy of interaction of two such distributions is proportional to 1/r just like the potential energy of gravitational and electrostatic interaction.