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Este volume surge como consequência direta do Simpósio internacional PAPER TRAILS: post-industrial histories, technical memories and art practices in Tomar que teve lugar em Tomar (Portugal) entre 25 e 27 de maio de 2022. Por sua vez, o simpósio insere-se num projeto homónimo concebido, em parceria com colaboradoras da École de Design et Haute École d’Art du Valais (EDHEA), no Centro de Tecnologia, Restauro e Valorização das Artes (TECHN&ART), uma unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento financiada pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) com a referência UID/05488/2020 e pertencente ao Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT).

In recent years, technological development in analytical instrumentation has progressed vigorously, which has allowed the evolution of analytical techniques that play an indispensable role within society, highlighting mass spectrometry. Parallel to the technological advance of this technique, the development of new ionization methods that are simpler, faster, and allow direct analysis without the need for prior treatment or sample processing is underway. The methods of ambient ionization derived from paper spray have been developing rapidly in current days, mainly in the forensic field, due to the chemical modifications made in the paper substrate and the introduction of new types of organic materials that function as a probe/substrate to collect, store, and ionize the sample, then enabling more efficient and selective analyzes. This review highlights direct analyzes by applying paper spray ionization in the forensic field and some variations of this technique, including Thread Spray Ionization (TSI) when a fabric thread is used; Touch Spray Ionization (TSI), which uses materials such as metallic needles, medical swabs, and wooden sticks; Fiber Spray Ionization (FSI), which applies polymeric fibers as substrates.

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar os fatores que têm afetado as receitas das exportações de celulose e papel e papelão, no período de 2001 a 2020. Especificamente pretende-se quantificar as variações nas receitas provenientes da taxa de câmbio, do preço internacional e da quantidade exportada de celulose e de papel e papelão e identificar os principais eventos associados essas variações. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método diferencial-estrutural, conhecido como shift-share, que decompõe as variações da receita de exportação em efeitos parciais proporcionado por outras variáveis relacionadas. Os resultados mostram que mesmo quando os efeitos do preço internacional e a taxa de câmbio são desfavoráveis a quantidade exportada de celulose e de papel e papelão tem sido crescente, e proporcionando efeito total positivo nas receitas das exportações. Somente em quatro grandes momentos houve queda nas receitas das exportações destes produtos, momentos estes que coincidem com a ocorrência das seguintes crises: atentado a torres gêmeas (2002), crise do subprime (2008), crise política interna (2016) e pandemia (Covid-2019). ABSTRACT: This paper aims to identify the factors that have affected revenues from pulp and paper and paperboard exports, in the period from 2001 to 2020. Specifically, it intends to quantify the variations in revenues arising from the exchange rate, the international price and the exported quantity of Wood pulp and paperbord and identify the main events associate these variations. For this purpose, the differential-structural method, known as shift-share, was used, which breaks down changes in export revenue into partial effects provided by other related variables. The results show that even when the effects of the international price and the exchange rate are unfavorable, the exported quantity of woodpulp and paperboard has been increasing, providing a positive overall effect on export revenues. Only in four major moments were there decreases in revenues from exports of these products, moments that coincide with the occurrence of the following crises: attack on the twin towers (2002), subprime crisis (2008), internal political crisis (2016) and pandemic (Covid- 2019).

Esse texto discute a formação do espaço econômico paranaense e sua relação com as atividades de base econômica ou exportação. A análise segue uma visão institucionalista a partir da teorização de Douglass North. A análise também se embasa em Pedro Calil Padis, por fazer um retrospecto eficaz dos primórdios do Paraná até o final dos anos 1960. Se parte do princípio de que várias economias regionais que surgiram no Brasil estavam em condições periféricas. O termo “periférico” é devido ao fato de a economia de cada uma dessas regiões ou Estados estar subordinada ao centro dinâmico do país devido a vários fatores, dentre eles a transferência de capital, fazendo com que o Paraná, com sua economia cafeeira, subsidiasse a indústria paulista. Abstract: This paper discusses the formation of the economic space of Paraná State and its relationship with economic-based activities or exports. The analysis follows an institutionalist vision based on Douglass North's theorization. The analysis is also based on Pedro Calil Padis, for making an effective retrospective of the beginnings of Paraná State until the end of the 1960s. It is based on the principle that several regional economies that emerged in Brazil were in peripheral conditions. The term “peripheral” is since the economy of each of these regions or states is subordinated to the dynamic center of the country due to several factors, including the transfer of capital, causing Paraná, with its coffee economy, to subsidize the São Paulo industry.

In the criminal sphere, it is extremely important to identify perpetrators of crimes based on latent fingerprints (invisible to the naked eye) revealed at crime scenes and their corresponding objects. The present work aimed to evaluate four synthetic analogues of curcumin as possible IDL developers, and to compare their results with those of carbon black developer, as well as to reach the most adequate parameters in the use of the LTQ and FT-ICR mass spectrometers with the paper spray ionization (PS) source to study the chemical composition of the endogenous substances contained in the IDL. For this, a 24-1 factorial design was developed, where it was verified that the distance and voltage factors were the most influential for the increase in the response of signals, in the analysis of latent fingerprints by PS. Among the detected substances we can mention around 20 fatty acids, and squalene. Finally, four potential developers, synthetic analogues of curcumin, were compared with carbon black developer. The revelation of latent fingerprints occurred efficiently, allowing the visualization of minutiae, such as bifurcation and end of line, making it possible to classify them, according to the Vucetich Fingerprint Classification System.

As práticas pedagógicas centradas em videojogos têm vindo a tornar-se cada vez mais populares, dado oferecerem vantagens empiricamente validadas no que diz respeito ao envolvimento dos alunos, à sua motivação e sentido de agência. Estes construtos afetivos são agora reconhecidos como componentes-chave de uma aprendizagem eficaz e significativa, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de competências cognitivas de nível superior. Contudo, enquanto se atesta um número elevado de estudos sobre o uso de videojogos educativos nas áreas das Ciências, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática (STEM), é necessário ainda explorar as potencialidades desses recursos nas disciplinas de Humanidades. Analogamente, devem ser empreendidos mais esforços no sentido da investigação e implementação de atividades que atribuam aos alunos, especialmente àqueles de níveis inferiores ao do Ensino Superior, o papel de designers de videojogos, aliado ao de jogadores. Desta feita, criam-se as condições para que os alunos construam material didático autêntico, sob a forma de experiências digitais imersivas, que apresentam tanto um valor educacional como de entretenimento. Assim, este artigo funciona como um Position Paper sobre a Aprendizagem Baseada em Jogos Digitais ou Digital Game-based learning (DGBL), descrevendo as vantagens afetivas de se jogar e criar videojogos educativos na sala de aula de Humanidades, enquanto reflete criticamente sobre possíveis obstáculos ao sucesso desta prática. O nosso objetivo é estudar como a tecnologia educativa e imersiva pode satisfazer as necessidades de aprendizagem da Geração Z, tendo em consideração os diferentes fatores contextuais que definem o seu perfil.

ABSTRACT Acute cholecystitis (AC) is an acute inflammatory process of the gallbladder that may be associated with potentially severe complications, such as empyema, gangrene, perforation of the gallbladder, and sepsis. The gold standard treatment for AC is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, for a small group of AC patients, the risk of laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be very high, mainly in the elderly with associated severe diseases. In these critically ill patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy or endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage may be a temporary therapeutic option, a bridge to cholecystectomy. The objective of this Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery Position Paper is to present new advances in AC treatment in high-risk surgical patients to help surgeons, endoscopists, and physicians select the best treatment for their patients. The effectiveness, safety, advantages, disadvantages, and outcomes of each procedure are discussed. The main conclusions are: a) AC patients with elevated surgical risk must be preferably treated in tertiary hospitals where surgical, radiological, and endoscopic expertise and resources are available; b) The optimal treatment modality for high-surgical-risk patients should be individualized based on clinical conditions and available expertise; c) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains an excellent option of treatment, mainly in hospitals in which percutaneous or endoscopic gallbladder drainage is not available; d) Percutaneous cholecystostomy and endoscopic gallbladder drainage should be performed only in well-equipped hospitals with experienced interventional radiologist and/or endoscopist; e) Cholecystostomy catheter should be removed after resolution of AC. However, in patients who have no clinical condition to undergo cholecystectomy, the catheter may be maintained for a prolonged period or even definitively; f) If the cholecystostomy catheter is maintained for a long period of time several complications may occur, such as bleeding, bile leakage, obstruction, pain at the insertion site, accidental removal of the catheter, and recurrent AC; g) The ideal waiting time between cholecystostomy and cholecystectomy has not yet been established and ranges from immediately after clinical improvement to months. h) Long waiting periods between cholecystostomy and cholecystectomy may be associated with new episodes of acute cholecystitis, multiple hospital readmissions, and increased costs. Finally, when selecting the best treatment option other aspects should also be considered, such as costs, procedures available at the medical center, and the patient’s desire. The patient and his family should be fully informed about all treatment options, so they can help making the final decision.

Having the South American Amazon as our spatial cut, this paper aims to discuss it as a space of physical, environmental and socioeconomic relevance to regional rearticulation, highlighting the issue of transport infrastructure and the importance of Brazil to boost this process in contemporary times. With the end of the Union of South American Nations (Unasur) in 2019, several of its councils were paralyzed and discontinued, such as the Infrastructure and Planning Council (Cosiplan), reflecting the abandonment of efforts built since the beginning of the 21st century. In addition, relations between national preferences and the indispensable search for development, and mechanisms of cooperation and regional integration, which are fundamental instruments to meet such demands, were stressed. In turn, a scenario of discredited institutions made room for greater action by multiple public and private, internal and increasingly international and multinational actors who, in a way disconnected from regional arrangements, directed infrastructure investments focusing on their own interests, resulting in expiation of the the socio-environmental vulnerability in the Amazonian territories. We argue that it is necessary to integrate to preserve and develop. Regional governance and institutionality are central pillars for the resumption of a more resilient South American integration process, aimed at protecting and developing the Amazon, in which Brazil has an important driving role to be exercised and a directive leadership to retrieve.

Este artigo visa apresentar como os veículos de mídia brasileiros apareceram na cobertura dos principais jornais e agências de notícias internacionais que trabalharam no país durante os anos do Regime Militar (1964-1985). Com este trabalho historiográfico, a pesquisa apresentada permite que se ampliem estudos sobre: as distinções entre os métodos de censura aplicados a veículos nacionais e internacionais; o decorrer das mudanças nas políticas externas brasileiras e estadunidenses ao longo dos 21 anos de ditadura, refletidas no jornalismo transnacional; a evolução midiática nacional e sua influência política, considerando as alterações no modelo jornalístico, outorgadas pela realidade da Guerra Fria. Este artigo ambiciona uma proposta interdisciplinar e transnacional para o objeto oferecido.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is an essential component of perioperative care. The use of prophylactic regimens of antibiotics is a well-established practice that is encouraged to be implemented in preoperative/perioperative protocols in order to prevent surgical site infections. AIMS: The aim of this study was to emphasize the crucial aspects of antibiotic prophylaxis in abdominal surgery. RESULTS: Antibiotic prophylaxis is defined as the administration of antibiotics before contamination occurs, given with the intention of preventing infection by achieving tissue levels of antibiotics above the minimum inhibitory concentration at the time of surgical incision. It is indicated for clean operations with prosthetic materials or in cases where severe consequences may arise in the event of an infection. It is also suitable for all clean-contaminated and contaminated operations. The spectrum of action is determined by the pathogens present at the surgical site. Ideally, a single intravenous bolus dose should be administered within 60 min before the surgical incision. An additional dose should be given in case of hemorrhage or prolonged surgery, according to the half-life of the drug. Factors such as the patient’s weight, history of allergies, and the likelihood of colonization by resistant bacteria should be considered. Compliance with institutional protocols enhances the effectiveness of antibiotic use. CONCLUSION: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with reduced rates of surgical site infection, hospital stay, and morbimortality.