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Diversification and concentration represent essential two opposite trends in many economic phenomena. Monopoly and monopsony are the natural limits in any market's analysis and describe together the range or the amplitude of offer and demand in economics. A lot of statistical indicators or coefficients, quantifying the diversification versus concentration phenomenon (D vs. C), can reveal a market, optimal or not, full or empty, etc. The paper sheds the light on the relatively little explored concept of economic evolution from concentration to diversification across local markets, providing novel evidence on underlining the dominance of diversification process within regions. This paper has applied statistical structure variable-based methods for assessing spatial differentiation degree within housing construction economic activity in macroregion Siberia for the sample period from 2000:Q1 to 2020:Q4. We present empirical elasticities using the multivariate OLS model that summarize the diversification economic response to the increasing processes of urbanization and localization across the Siberian regions. Some final remarks offer a distinct profile of this Russian macroregion under the influence of demographical variability.

This paper proposes a new approach for monitoring of managing the modernisation of regional economic. The model built on proposed methodology will make it possible to smooth out the influence of non-urban areas on the unevenness of economic activity in spatial development. This paper has two goals. The first is to provide a new compilation of data on spatial distribution of economic activity at the sub-regional level. This data set allows us to monitoring of different indicators within macroregions such as Siberia. The second goal is to construct an instrument that helps to overcome the endogeneity problem using new economic geography hypothesis about the mechanisms of distribution of economic activity. Section 2 describes the data and method that we have proposed, discusses the construction of the Theil indexes using these data at the sub-federal and the sub-regional level. Section 3 presents the correlations between spatial distribution of economic activity and local market potential, discusses the robustness of the results; and the last section concludes.

It is obviously that all over the world, mostly after 2000, a new approach for urban development and for regional development emerges. We choose Romania taking into account also the idea that it has old tradition in cooperation mostly within the areas near the borders where diversity and multicultural environment can allow more space for diversity management and for tolerance. One of the main challenges for the creative communities and for the creative industry sector and for those who engage within is how to encourage longer-term growth of these small lifestyle businesses. It seems that there is quite difficult to identifying creative workers due to their diversity (understood in a complex sense, in terms of cultural diversity that is more relevant for creative communities than ethnic, religion or other way to look traditionally for diversity).

The aim of our paper is to identify explanatory variables for income disparities between women and men across different regional types. Using data from the BA Employment Panel (BEP) descriptive statistics show that the gender pay gap grows wider from core regions to periphery. The main explanatory variables for the income differentials are vocational education in the men's case and size of enterprise in the women's case. Whereas in the case of women the importance of vocational status increases and the importance of size of enterprise decreases from rural areas to urban areas.

Complex landscape management instruments based on a dynamic, innovative land-conservation paradigm and spatial zoning to provide for graded intensity of protection and human use are being implemented in the newer generation of biosphere reserves and biosphere parks. The multifunctionality of these exemplary landscapes with sustainable development is a great challenge; it also offers considerable potential for conflict. This paper intends to demonstrate the extent to which multifunctionality has been realised in the alpine Großes Walsertal Biosphere Park, and how the local population perceive the quality of their park five years after it was created. Landscape management efforts in the Großes Walsertal were monitored by accompanying regional-economic and perceptional studies, resulting in a discussion of required future actions.

Complex landscape management instruments based on a dynamic, innovative land-conservation paradigm and spatial zoning to provide for graded intensity of protection and human use are being implemented in the newer generation of biosphere reserves and biosphere parks. The multifunctionality of these exemplary landscapes with sustainable development is a great challenge; it also offers considerable potential for conflict. This paper intends to demonstrate the extent to which multifunctionality has been realised in the alpine Großes Walsertal Biosphere Park, and how the local population perceive the quality of their park five years after it was created. Landscape management efforts in the Großes Walsertal were monitored by accompanying regional-economic and perceptional studies, resulting in a discussion of required future actions.

This paper deals with the economic development of the region of Caxias do Sul, situated in the south of Brazil, which presents some peculiarities that have been deserving little attention by the newest trends and developments of the literature on regional economics. The recent international globalization process deepened the uncertainties and the risk in the economic activity therefore opening space in the economic debate for the issue of industrial specialization and/or diversification on regional bases. The region of Caxias do Sul is considered as a case in which the diversification played an important role in the regional growth, during the hard 1990s in Brazil. In spite of not being the single factor explaining the dynamism of that region, the diversification of the existent industrial branches allows greater response flexibility regarding the adversities of an instable and highly competitive economic context.

By requiring fiscal contraction in nations facing high and rising unemployment, the economic crisis in the Eurozone has renewed interest in establishing a European fiscal union to match monetary union so that a federal treasury could support countries in economic difficulties. Fiscal union is opposed by those who fear that some countries, especially poorer ones, will use a central treasury to subsidize imprudent fiscal policy. Advocates have pointed to the United States as an example of a successful fiscal federalism, a union that has provided support for poorer regions and those facing economic difficulties but without imposing undue burdens on others. Even while democratic procedures have allowed needy regions to obtain significant national help, checks on majority rule built into the American constitution have protected affluent regions from demands for excessive transfers. One should be careful, however, not to exaggerate the success of the American model. Distributional disputes have contributed to some of the nation’s most bitter conflicts, including the Civil War of the 1860s; and the system of checks and balances not only contradicts democratic values but has often prevented effective government. With greater variation in economic circumstances than in the United States, a European fiscal union may face even greater pressure to redistribute income, possibly leading to the establishment of even more checks on democratic action than in the United States, even to the point of rendering moot the promise of fiscal union.