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ABSTRACT The spatial variability of soil attributes in terraced areas is poorly studied in the semi-arid region. Considering that multivariate analysis enhances the diagnosis of spatial variability from geostatistics, soil attributes were studied in different zones between terrace channels in semi-arid region, more precisely in a retention terrace area in Canindé (Ceará, Brazil). Soil samples (n = 100) were collected at depths of 0.0 - 0.1 and 0.1 - 0.2 m for descriptive and geostatistical analysis. For multivariate analysis, samples from three zones relative to the terrace channel (Upper, Middle, and Lower) in the 0.0 - 0.2 m layer were considered, with 30 replicates. There was spatial dependence of soil attributes in the two layers studied. Near the channel, in the respective layers, there was higher clay content (13.7% and 14.7%) and higher degree of flocculation (61.3% and 71.7%) compared to the other zones. Water-dispersible clay was higher in the Upper zone (6.5% and 7.7% in the respective layers), while the Middle zone showed higher potential acidity in the evaluated layers (4.8 and 4.5 cmolc dm-3, respectively) compared to the other zones. In the multivariate analysis, there were highlights for the higher sum of bases in the Upper zone (18.9 ± 0.8 cmolc dm-3), higher sand content in the Middle zone (72.6 ± 0.6%), lower potential acidity (2.1 ± 0.2 cmolc dm-3) and higher phosphorus content (12.8 ± 3.0 mg kg-1) in the Low zone. The zone above the terrace channel loses mainly clay and requires practices to increase water and nutrient retention.

Abstract Recombinant multiepitope proteins (RMPs) are a promising alternative for application in diagnostic tests and, given their wide application in the most diverse diseases, this review article aims to survey the use of these antigens for diagnosis, as well as discuss the main points surrounding these antigens. RMPs usually consisting of linear, immunodominant, and phylogenetically conserved epitopes, has been applied in the experimental diagnosis of various human and animal diseases, such as leishmaniasis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, Chagas disease, hepatitis, leptospirosis, leprosy, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, and COVID-19. The synthetic genes for these epitopes are joined to code a single RMP, either with spacers or fused, with different biochemical properties. The epitopes’ high density within the RMPs contributes to a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The RMPs can also sidestep the need for multiple peptide synthesis or multiple recombinant proteins, reducing costs and enhancing the standardization conditions for immunoassays. Methods such as bioinformatics and circular dichroism have been widely applied in the development of new RMPs, helping to guide their construction and better understand their structure. Several RMPs have been expressed, mainly using the Escherichia coli expression system, highlighting the importance of these cells in the biotechnological field. In fact, technological advances in this area, offering a wide range of different strains to be used, make these cells the most widely used expression platform. RMPs have been experimentally used to diagnose a broad range of illnesses in the laboratory, suggesting they could also be useful for accurate diagnoses commercially. On this point, the RMP method offers a tempting substitute for the production of promising antigens used to assemble commercial diagnostic kits.

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the resistance to sodium and magnesium sulfates of geopolymeric mortars, prepared with different proportions of alkaline activators of silicate and sodium hydroxide (Ma), Na2O content in relation to metakaolin (MK) and silica modulus (Ms). Additionally, an air-entraining additive was also used in an attempt to mitigate the expansive effects of sulfate attack for 20 weeks. The sulfate resistance properties were evaluated by the change in longitudinal length, mass variation, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, and microstructure. SEM/EDS analyses suggest the formation of caminite and a change in the structure of the aluminosilicate gel to M-A-S-(H) in mortars exposed to MgSO4, while thenardite was indicated as a harmful product in mortars subjected to Na2SO4. The experimental results also showed that the greater amount of Na2SiO3 in the geopolymer formulation contributes to a denser structure and lower water absorption rate, but resulted in greater physical deterioration and expansion after immersion in sodium magnesium sulfate. The air-entraining additive did not minimize the tensions generated by the sulfate attack. In mortars synthesized with Na2O/MK = 15% and Ms = 1.5 (GEO-15-1.5) and Na2O/MK = 22% and Ms = 1.0 and 1.5 (GEO-22-1.0 and GEO-22-1.5), the compressive strengths were similar to standard samples when immersed in MgSO4, while in the Na2SO4 solution the increase in strength was attributed to the temporary refinement of the pores by sulfate crystals.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of dolomitic lime incorporation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers activated by alkaline solution. Five geopolymer mixtures were prepared with the addition of 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% dolomitic lime. The microstructure of the geopolymers was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD). The compressive strength of the mixtures ranged between 53.2 and 63.0 MPa after 28 days of ambient curing. SEM/EDS analyses showed that the main phases formed were the N-A-S-H gel together with the C-A-S-H and N-M-A-S-H gels in the mixtures with dolomitic lime. In summary, the results showed that the incorporation of dolomitic lime can significantly improve the microstructure and properties of geopolymers.

IntroductionEpidemiology is considered both a field of research and a methodological approach within the broader health sciences. It aims to understand health-related events' causes and effects and provide the evidence necessary to prevent disease and implement effective control and prevention strategies. One of the main focuses of epidemiology is identifying the determinant factors in the health situation of populations since health-related anomalies are not randomly distributed among people. This understanding brings up the necessity of considering each place's particularities and observing the regularity of diseases in a population context.MethodsWe present the Contextual-Compositional Approach (CCA) for the discovery of associations between Health Indicators (HI) and Health Determinants (HD) for neonatal mortality rate monitoring in situations of anomalies. CCA uses time series concepts, anomaly detection, and data distribution between classes for studying HD under expected conditions and comparing them to the anomaly conditions indicated by the anomaly detection in the HI. CCA is evaluated using a neonatal mortality database in health facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ResultsThe results show that CCA can reveal essential associations between the health condition and the population's social, economic, and cultural characteristics on different scales.ConclusionCCA stands out because it is easy to apply and understand, requiring little computational resources and parameters.

Objective: Develop an application to guide health professionals during home care in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The structure of the application was developed in four stages: Analysis - an integrative literature review was carried out with the Health Sciences databases, such as MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS. Design - this step involved planning and producing didactic content, defining topics and writing subjects, selecting media, and designing the interface (layout). Development - definition of the navigation structure and planning of the configuration of environments. Implementation - construction of an environment for downloading the application on the Internet. Results: The ORIENTA COVID-19 application has 40 screens and 130 images describing gowning, and undressing of PPE, including using a homemade mask, guidelines for care to prevent COVID-19, and social etiquette. After registration at the National Institute of Industrial Property, it will be available on the Google Play Store under ORIENTA COVID-19. Conclusion: After an integrative review of the literature obtained from the main databases, the ORIENTA COVID-19 application was developed to support health professionals during home care related to COVID-19.

The development of prophylactic vaccines is important in preventing and controlling diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in addition to being an economic measure for public health. Despite the efforts to develop a vaccine against human VL caused by Leishmania infantum, none is available, and the focus has shifted to developing vaccines against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Currently, commercially available vaccines are targeted at CVL but are not effective. Different strategies have been applied in developing and improving vaccines, such as using chimeric proteins to expand vaccine coverage. The search for patents can be a way of tracking vaccines that have the potential to be marketed. In this context, the present work presents a summary of immunological aspects relevant to VL vaccine development with a focus on the composition of chimeric protein vaccines for CVL deposited in patent banks as an important approach for biotechnological development. The resulting data could facilitate the screening and selection of antigens to compose vaccine candidates with high performance against VL.

Abstract Carbonation curing differs from weathering carbonation since it is performed intentionally at the early ages of cement hydration. This cure involves applying different levels of CO2 (5% to 99%) to concrete for a short period of time, usually followed by conventional hydration. The objective of this article was to evaluate the carbonation curing in metakaolin-based geopolymer concretes, activated with NaOH and Na2SiO3, and compare them with Portland cement (PC) concrete. The following tests were applied: determination of pH, carbonation depth, water absorption by immersion, void index, and compressive strength. The results showed that after the carbonation curing, the geopolymer concrete had compressive strength and carbonation depth equivalent to the concrete with PC, but with a lower absorbed CO2 content. Although this type of cement absorbs less CO2 but is more sensitive to carbonation. The effect on the void ratio was not remarkable. Furthermore, the alkalinity of concretes can be partially recovered after subsequent curing by water immersion.

# Background Lower limb injuries generate a significant health burden in basketball. Landing technique and ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion have been suggested as risk factors for lower limb injuries among youth athletes, but studies conducted specifically with basketball athletes are lacking. # Hypothesis/Purpose To describe the period prevalence of basketball-related injuries and to examine the association of the history of lower limb injuries with landing technique and ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion asymmetry among youth basketball athletes. # Study Design Cross-Sectional Survey. # Methods Youth basketball athletes were asked to complete a paper-based survey to investigate personal characteristics, training characteristics and their three-month history of basketball-related injuries. The Landing Error Scoring System and the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test were used to evaluate landing technique and ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion. Binary logistic regression was utilized to examine the association of the investigated variables with the presence of history of lower limb injuries among the athletes. # Results A total of 534 athletes participated. The three-month prevalence of basketball-related injuries was 23.2% (95% CI 19.7 -- 27), and the majority of the reported injuries affected the lower limbs (69.7%; n=110). Sprains were the most frequent type of injury (29.1%; n=46), and the ankle (30.4%; n=48) and knee (21.5%; n=34) were the most affected anatomic locations. Landing technique (p = 0.105) and ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion asymmetry (p = 0.529) were not associated with the history of lower limb injuries. # Conclusion The three-month prevalence of basketball-related injuries was 23.2%. Although ankle sprains were the most frequent injury, landing technique and ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion asymmetry were not associated with the history of lower limb injuries among youth basketball athletes. # Level of Evidence 3

Este artigo objetiva investigar a tentativa de cobrar da pessoa monitorada o pagamento das despesas oriundas da tornozeleira eletrônica sob o ponto de vista da expansão econômica do direito penal. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, observa-se que normas nesse intuito decorrem de um sentimento repressor impregnado em parte da sociedade, somado à austeridade estatal em matéria prisional. Nesse sentido, estados-membros vêm aprovando leis do tipo alegando a competência legislativa concorrente em Direito Penitenciário, incorrendo no vício da inconstitucionalidade formal. Noutro ponto, um enfoque criminológico do problema demonstra que tal obrigação pecuniária prejudica a ressocialização do monitorado, pelo dispêndio de recursos que seriam destinados à subsistência. A pesquisa conclui que a tentativa de cobrança pela tornozeleira eletrônica resulta de um interesse social e estatal na redução de gastos e do garantismo dessa medida cautelar.

abstract: The shrinkage of cementitious materials is a complex phenomenon of volume reduction that can result in cracking, affecting the durability of these materials. The Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 15261 addresses long-term shrinkage without emphasis on the initial phase (< 24h) of hydration, which contains the plastic state of the cementitious material. Therefore, a method was proposed to measure the shrinkage in the first 24h of mortar hydration, on a laboratory scale, from prismatic samples, using molds from the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 15261 (285x25x25mm) and rigid elements that transmit horizontal displacements of the sample to dial gauges. Cement mortar specimens were studied with the water/dry materials ratio fixed at 0.168 and varying the binder/aggregates ratio linearly: 33% (1:3); 25% (1:4); and 17% (1:6). Different exposures to the environment (sealed, open and wind) were applied. The analysis indicated that the proposed method was sensitive enough to indicate statistically significant relationships between the maximum initial shrinkages and the variation in the concentration of the binders, as well as indicating variations in the behavior of the initial shrinkage. The increase in cement concentration caused an increase in the average initial shrinkage of 76% in the samples exposed to air, 54% in those exposed to 5 m/s wind, and 22% in the sealed samples.

Resumo A pandemia causada pela doença do coronavírus 2019 (covid-19) estabeleceu desafios e estimulou o desenvolvimento de diferentes formas terapêuticas em várias áreas médicas. Estudos descreveram características clínicas e desfechos de pacientes, incluindo desordens do sistema de coagulação, em que os pacientes infectados pelo vírus apresentam um estado de hipercoagulabilidade e pró-inflamatório que mimetiza uma vasculite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o quadro clínico e a terapia empregada em uma série de três pacientes que evoluíram com quadro de oclusão arterial aguda no período pós-infecção por covid-19. O manejo aplicado nesses casos permitiu que os pacientes evoluíssem sem sequelas. A baixa incidência e a pobreza em relatos descritos tornam difícil o estabelecimento de critérios e opções terapêuticas universalmente aceitos nos casos de isquemia, seja precoce ou tardia, dos pacientes infectados pelo novo coronavírus.

Objective To build and validate a flowchart for the prevention and treatment of intestinal peristomal skin complications. Method For the construction of the algorithms, a systematic review was carried out in health sciences databases comprising the last 10 years. The evaluation of the algorithms was carried out by 38 nurses. For the validation of the algorithms, the Delphi technique was used. The statistical analysis used was the content validity index and the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail and in person after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee. Results In the first evaluation of the algorithms, there was no agreement among the experts. However, after making the corrections suggested by the evaluators, the algorithms were resent, with a 100% consensus among the evaluators. The questions used to validate the algorithms contributed favourably to the internal consistency and content validation of the instrument, since the respective Cronbach alpha was 0.9062 and the global content validity index (g-CVI) was 0.91 in the first validation and 1.0 in the second validation. Conclusion After an integrative literature review, the flowcharts were built and validated by a professional with experience in the area, showing 100% agreement among the experts in the second evaluation.

Objectives: To develop an application program for prevention and treatment of complications of intestinal peristomal skin. Method: The framework of the application software development were: Phase 1 – “Design, identification of the needs for the application development”: In this phase, the authors identified during their clinical practice that some professionals and caregivers find it difficult to provide care for at-risk ostomized patients or those with some kind of peristomal skin complication; Phase 2 – “Application prototype development”: this phase included the integrative literature review in the main databases; Phase 3 – “Creating the application”: this phase was intended to generate a decision tree algorithms, structure the database, and develop the software; Phase 4 – “Transition”: performing the application functionality testing. Results: The application “Dermatite Periestoma App” has 36 screens and 21 figures describing the procedures for prevention and treatment of complications of intestinal peristomal skin. It is freely available from the Play Store and has been registered with the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial Ministério do Desenvolvimento, indústria e Comércio Exterior (Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, National Institute of Industrial Property). Conclusion: This study made it possible to describe the stages of planning and development of the mobile application “Dermatite Periestoma App”. The steps taken indicate that the “Dermatite Periestoma App” has great potential for clinical practice in the evaluation of patients with stomal complications or at risk for developing peristomal skin complications, preventive measures, therapeutic approaches, and for nursing education through the use of technology. Resumo: Objetivos: Desenvolver um aplicativo para prevenção e tratamento de complicações da pele periestoma intestinal. Método: As fases de desenvolvimento da estrutura do aplicativo foram: Fase 1 ‒ “Concepção, identificação das necessidades do desenvolvimento do aplicativo”: nessa fase os autores identificaram, durante sua prática clínica, que alguns profissionais e cuidadores têm dificuldade em prestar assistência aos ostomizados com risco ou que adquirirem algum tipo de complicação da pele periestoma; Fase 2 ‒ “Elaboração do protótipo do aplicativo”: essa fase contemplou a revisão integrativa da literatura nas principais bases de dados; Fase 3 ‒ “Construção do aplicativo”: essa fase consistiu na elaboração da árvore de decisão dos algoritmos, estruturação do banco de dados e desenvolvimento do software; Fase 4 ‒ “Transição”: foram realizados os testes de funcionalidade do aplicativo. Resultados: O aplicativo “Dermatite Periestoma App” tem 36 telas e 21 figuras descrevendo os procedimentos para prevenção e tratamento das complicações da pele periestoma intestinal. O mesmo está disponível gratuitamente naPlay Store e foi registrado no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial Ministério do Desenvolvimento, indústria e Comércio Exterior. Conclusão: Este estudo possibilitou descrever as etapas do planejamento e desenvolvimento do aplicativo móvel “Dermatite Periestoma App”. As etapas percorridas indicam que o “Dermatite Periestoma App” tem grande utilidade potencial para a prática clínica na avaliação do ostomizado com complicação ou que apresenta risco para desenvolver complicações da pele periestoma, medidas preventivas, condutas terapêuticas, e para o ensino de Enfermagem por meio do uso de tecnologia.

Objective: To create and validate a handbook for the prevention of peristomal skin complications. Methods: For the elaboration of the handbook, a literature review was conducted in the following databases: Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE. The handbook “Preventing and treating the complications of intestinal peristomal skin” was elaborated in nine steps. The first step addressed the concepts of ostomy, stoma type, and ostomy classification. In the second step, the following were described: definition of the collection equipment, type of collection equipment, and technique of changing one- and two-piece equipment. In the third step, the peristomal skin cleansing technique was described. In the fourth step, the types of complications of the peristomal skin were listed. In the fifth step, preventive approaches to avoid complications with the peristomal skin were described. In the sixth step, the therapeutic approaches in the treatment of aforementioned peristomal skin complications were addressed. In the seventh step, the handbook layout was created by an Information Technology professional. In the eighth step, the handbook was validated by 25 nurses. In the ninth step, the final version of the instrument was laid out. Results: The final version of the “Preventing and treating the complications of intestinal peristomal skin” handbook has 37 pages. It was registered in the International Standard Book Number: 978-85-67647-46-3, standard format size (21 cm high by 15 cm wide), totaling 50 illustrations. In the first evaluation, the evaluators assessed the manual as partially adequate to completely adequate. In the first evaluation, the content validity index ranged between 0.88 to 1.0; no 100% agreement was observed among the evaluators' answers. In the second evaluation, as an agreement was observed in all items, the content validity index was 1.0. Conclusion: The handbook “Preventing and treating the complications of intestinal peristomal skin” was elaborated based on scientific principles and had its content, language, and design validated by specialists in the field. Resumo: Objetivo: Construir e validar um manual para a prevenção das complicações da pele periestoma. Método: Para a construção do manual, realizou-se uma revisão nas bases: Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE. O manual “Prevenindo e tratando das complicações da pele periestoma intestinal” foi elaborado em nove etapas. A primeira etapa abordou os conceitos de estomia, tipo de estoma, classificação de estomia. Na segunda etapa, foram elaborados: definição de equipamento coletor, tipo de equipamentos coletores, técnica da troca do equipamento de uma e duas peças. Na terceira etapa, definiu-se a técnica de limpeza da pele periestoma. Na quarta etapa, foram descritos os tipos de complicações da pele periestoma. Na quinta etapa, enfocaram-se as condutas preventivas para evitar as complicações com a pele periestoma. Na sexta etapa, foram descritas as condutas terapêuticas no tratamento das complicações da pele periestoma citadas acima. Na sétima etapa, foi realizada a diagramação do manual por um profissional da área de Tecnologia da Informação. Na oitava etapa, validação do manual por 25 enfermeiros. A nona etapa correspondeu à diagramação da versão final do instrumento. Resultados: A versão final do manual denominado “Prevenindo e tratando das complicações da pele periestoma intestinal” contém 37 páginas. Foi registrado no International Standard Book Number: 978-85-67647-46-3, tamanho padrão de formatação com 21 cm de altura por 15 cm de largura, totalizando 50 ilustrações. Na primeira avaliação, os juízes avaliaram o manual como parcialmente adequado a totalmente adequado. O Índice de validade de conteúdo na primeira avaliação foi entre 0,88 a 1,0; não tendo ocorrido 100% de concordância das respostas dos juízes; na segunda avaliação, tendo havido concordância dos juízes em todos os itens, o índice de validade de conteúdo foi 1,0. Conclusão: O manual intitulado “Prevenindo e tratando das complicações da pele periestoma intestinal” foi construído com embasamento científico, validado quanto ao conteúdo, à linguagem e à aparência por especialistas na área. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estomia, Dermatite, Cuidados de enfermagem, Manual, Keywords: Ostomy, Dermatitis, Nursing care, Handbook

In this article we reflect on the contributions of GeoGebra in the dialectics of a didactic situation involving Central Tendency Measures. From the results of a master's research that aimed to investigate the potentialities of GeoGebra for the study of Central Tendency Measures, which were presented at the XIII Encontro Nacional de Educação Matemática. From the theoretical point of view the study resorted to dialectics of action, formulation and validation and institutionalization, present in the Theory of Didactic Situations. In a qualitative approach, Didactic Engineering assumptions were adopted to develop apply and analyze the sequence of activities. Applied to students graduating from the 9th grade of elementary school, the results of the study showed that in the proposed activities, in the different dialectics, the multiple representations of the data in GeoGebra constituted a didactic advantage which contributed to the understanding and analysis of the data, contributing to the study of Central Tendency Measures.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate, through multivariate data analysis, which tree legume residues have the best fertilizer potential for agricultural crops in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a randomized block design, with seven treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of residues of Sabiá, Jurema Preta and Gliricidia, besides two parts of the plant: leaves and leaves + branches. The pots were filled with 8.0 dm3 of soil and the residues were added in the form of green mass, corresponding to 73.0 g of dry mass per pot. Maize seeds were sown and, at 65 days after addition of the residues, soil chemical attributes, growth and nutrient contents in the plants were evaluated. The data were studied through principal component analysis, clustering analysis, canonical discriminant function analysis and means comparison test from canonical variable 1. Gliricidia residues positively influenced soil K and Mg contents, as well as height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf contents of P, N and Mg in maize plants. These residues showed greater dissimilarity and separation compared to the control treatment and led to statistically higher means compared to the other treatments. Jurema Preta leaves positively influenced soil Ca, N and TOC, as well as leaf contents of K and Ca and total dry mass of maize. Multivariate statistical analysis made it possible to identify distinct potentials among legume residues for use as fertilizer in maize crop, and Gliricidia is the species with highest potential.

# Background Throwing athletes present alterations in shoulder rotation range of motion (ROM), but not much is known about the relationship between these alterations and performance measurements in volleyball practitioners. # Purpose To compare the passive ranges of motion of internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and total rotation motion (TRM) of the shoulder in dominant and nondominant limbs of young volleyball athletes and to investigate their relationship with ball speed during serves with and without precision (inside and outside court, respectively). The possible association of anthropometrics and competitive practice time with these velocities was also investigated. # Study Design Cross-sectional study. # Methods Fifty-seven male volleyball athletes (mean age 17.11 ± 1.88 y; weight 74.68 ± 9.7 kg; height 1.87 ± 0.09 cm) were evaluated for shoulder IR and ER with a bubble goniometer and serve speed inside and outside court was measured with a radar gun. Simple and multiple regression analyses were applied to investigate associations of ROM, anthropometrics, and competitive practice time with serve speed. # Results Dominant shoulders had diminished IR ROM compared to nondominant shoulders (59.1º ± 16.7º vs 66.4º ± 16.9º; *p* < 0.001) as well as diminished TRM (173.5º ± 31.8º vs 179.1º ± 29.9º; *p* < 0.001). Simple regression showed negative association between dominant ER and serve speed outside the court (*p* = 0.004). Positive associations existed between age and serve speed in both conditions (*p* < 0.001), BMI and speed inside (*p* = 0.009) and outside the court (*p* = 0.008), and between competitive practice time and speed inside (*p* = 0.008) and outside court (*p* = 0.003). However, multiple analysis confirmed only age (*p* < 0.001) and BMI to be associated with ball velocities (inside court *p* = 0.034; outside court *p* = 0.031). # Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that young volleyball athletes presented lower IR and TRM of the shoulder in the dominant upper limb. Age and BMI were directly associated with ball velocities when serving. Passive rotation ROM did not have a relationship with this performance measurement. # Level of Evidence 3b

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar reflexões de uma investigação em desenvolvimento, sobre o estudo de objetos estatísticos mediados pelo GeoGebra. A utilização de recursos tecnológicos para o ensino e a aprendizagem, que têm possibilitado o acesso a recursos favoráveis à construção de conhecimentos, é situado o ensino de estatística, considerando o aspecto curricular, que se refere aos recursos tecnológicos como um meio para o ensino de objetos de conhecimento e sua utilização está direcionada para o desenvolvimento de habilidades relativas a esses objetos de conhecimento. Sob uma perspectiva das abordagens de ensino, este relatório aponta para o Instrucionismo e o Construcionismo, como abordagens que podem direcionar para qual relação o estudo utilizando tecnologias pode favorecer. Atendendo a uma demanda curricular, a de promover o ensino da estatística, nas escolhas metodológicas deste percurso de investigação, há uma sinalização para a proposição de atividades que sejam desenvolvidas a partir de conhecimentos preliminares, sob análises a priori, para que, além da aplicação, seja possível tecer análises a posteriori dessas atividades. Na utilização dos recursos tecnológicos como suporte, a discussão se aporta no GeoGebra que, por meio de suas múltiplas janelas de representações de dados, emerge com uma vantagem didática ao ensino da estatística. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que, a respeito da vantagem didática, um aspecto a se considerar é que as representações dos dados contribuem no poder de argumento acerca do objeto de estudo, isso tem a ver com as propriedades desse objeto e sua relação com os dados de origem em uma situação didática.

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma visão histórica das atividades e projetos realizados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática no período de 1969-2011. Também apontamos algumas perguntas que poderão nortear trabalhos de pesquisa sobre a sua história. A Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática está sediada no Rio de Janeiro e entre suas ações destacam-se: o estímulo ao ensino de boa qualidade em todos os níveis, produção e divulgação de textos matemáticos (livros e periódicos); a promoção de reuniões científicas periódicas e o incentivo ao intercâmbio entre profissionais de Matemática do Brasil e do exterior.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to describe the effect of genetic composition on body condition score (BCS), on total lactation production, and on metabolic and hormone profiles of Holstein x Gyr cows under the same pre- and postpartum management conditions. The genetic groups ½ (n=8), – (n=10), and ≥⅞ (n=10) Holstein x Gyr (HG) were evaluated within the same farm, and all of them showed typical lactation curves. The time required to reach peak production did not differ between groups. The groups also did not differ as to time to reach the lowest BCS after calving or to recover BCS after calving, nor as to their BCS values in the week of first ovulation, number of weeks required for first ovulation, and service period. However, ½ HG cows had higher BCS at calving, but also greater BCS loss postpartum. Total lactation production and plasma insulin concentrations of – HG cows postpartum were similar to those of cows specifically selected for milk production. Using parameters obtained with Holstein cows to determine management conditions in farms with crossbred cows can have unwanted consequences, since these animals have different metabolic and hormone profiles.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of parts of leguminous trees on the growth and nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.), as well as on the chemical attributes of a degraded soil, 65 days after applying the residues. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a randomized block design with ten treatments and four replicates. The evaluated treatments were: T1 - No residues of leguminous trees, T2 - Leaves of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T3 - Branches of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T4 - Leaves + branches of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T5 - Leaves of Mimosa hostilis, T6 - Branches of Mimosa hostilis, T7 - Leaves + branches of Mimosa hostilis, T8 - Leaves of Gliricidia sepium, T9 - Branches of Gliricidia sepium and T10 - Leaves + branches of Gliricidia sepium. Pots were filled with soil from a degraded area and residues were added in the form of green mass after sowing the maize. Residues of leguminous trees positively influenced maize growth at 65 days after application and favored the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots. Green fertilizers improved soil chemical attributes at 65 days after application, especially nitrate-N (NO3 --N), ammonium-N (NH4 +-N), total inorganic N (NO3 --N + NH4 +-N) and K, demonstrating that these species are good options for recovering degraded areas in the semi-arid region of Ceará.

This research confronts the following concrete properties: water absorptions (by immersion and capillarity), electrical resistivity and compressive strength. Concrete mixtures with two types of cement were tested. Results showed that concretes with higher content of pozzolan had higher resistivity and greater absorption by capillarity, for water/cement ratios lower than 0,60. This behavior is attributed to reduced pore diameters and microstructure densification. However, for water/cement ratio of 0,60, concrete with lower content of pozzolan presented higher absorption by capillarity. It was observed that the compressive strength and the electrical resistivity behaved inversely proportional to the water/cement ratio, and the absorption by immersion and capillarity are directly proportional to the water/cement ratio. Correlations with high determination coefficients were found between tests.

BACKGROUND Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease that is a significant cause of death among infants aged under 1 year and the elderly in Brazil. Serodiagnosis is a mainstay of VL elimination programs; however, it has significant limitations due to low accuracy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate three recombinant Leishmania infantum proteins (rFc, rC9, and rA2) selected from previous proteomics and genomics analyses to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic tests (ICT) for the serodiagnosis of human VL (HVL) and canine VL (CVL). METHODS A total of 186 human (70 L. infantum-infected symptomatic, 20 other disease-infected, and 96 healthy) and 185 canine (82 L. infantum-infected symptomatic, 27 L. infantum-infected asymptomatic, and 76 healthy) sera samples were used for antibody detection. FINDINGS Of the three proteins, rA2 (91.5% sensitivity and 87% specificity) and rC9 (95.7% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity) displayed the best performance in ELISA-HVL and ELISA-CVL, respectively. ICT-rA2 also displayed the best performance for HVL diagnosis (92.3% sensitivity and 88.0% specificity) and had high concordance with immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT), ELISA-rK39, IT-LEISH®, and ELISAEXT. ICT-rFc, ICT-rC9, and ICT-rA2 had sensitivities of 88.6%, 86.5%, and 87.0%, respectively, with specificity values of 84.0%, 92.0%, and 100%, respectively for CVL diagnosis. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The three antigens selected by us are promising candidates for VL diagnosis regardless of the test format, although the antigen combinations and test parameters may warrant further optimisation.

In Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Rad51 (TcRad51) is a central enzyme for homologous recombination. Here we describe the different roles of TcRad51 in DNA repair. Epimastigotes of T. cruzi overexpressing TcRAD51 presented abundant TcRad51-labeled foci before gamma irradiation treatment, and a faster growth recovery when compared to single-knockout epimastigotes for RAD51. Overexpression of RAD51 also promoted increased resistance against hydrogen peroxide treatment, while the single-knockout epimastigotes for RAD51 exhibited increased sensitivity to this oxidant agent, which indicates a role for this gene in the repair of DNA oxidative lesions. In contrast, TcRad51 was not involved in the repair of crosslink lesions promoted by UV light and cisplatin treatment. Also, RAD51 single-knockout epimastigotes showed a similar growth rate to that exhibited by wild-type ones after treatment with hydroxyurea, but an increased sensitivity to methyl methane sulfonate. Besides its role in epimastigotes, TcRad51 is also important during mammalian infection, as shown by increased detection of T. cruzi cells overexpressing RAD51, and decreased detection of single-knockout cells for RAD51, in both fibroblasts and macrophages infected with amastigotes. Besides that, RAD51-overexpressing parasites infecting mice also presented increased infectivity and higher resistance against benznidazole. We thus show that TcRad51 is involved in the repair of DNA double strands breaks and oxidative lesions in two different T. cruzi developmental stages, possibly playing an important role in the infectivity of this parasite.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a população, as características do treinamento e o histórico de lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas de handebol do gênero feminino e investigar possíveis associações entre as características de treinamento com lesões musculoesqueléticas relacionadas ao handebol. Participaram deste estudo transversal 220 atletas, que responderam a um questionário autorreportado que abordava dados pessoais, características do treinamento e lesões prévias relacionadas ao handebol nos últimos 12 meses. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e modelos de regressão logística. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria era constituída de atletas com idade aproximada de 15 anos, com índice de massa corpórea classificado como normal, que realizavam 3 treinos por semana, com carga horária semanal de aproximadamente 8 horas e 30 minutos. As principais lesões encontradas foram as entorses e as tendinopatias, sendo o tornozelo e o joelho as regiões mais acometidas. Somente a experiência no esporte acima de 6 anos mostrou relação estatística com lesões prévias (p=0,032). A prevalência de lesões nos últimos 12 meses nesta população foi de 53,60%.

O presente artigo científico visa analisar a realidade do sistema carcerário brasileiro e a sua relação com o direito fundamental à saúde no interior das unidades de internação. Objetivamos verificar o efetivo cumprimento da Lei de Execução Penal e do Plano Nacional de Saúde Penitenciária que busca a assistência e inclusão das pessoas encarceradas; identificar as condições sanitárias dos presídios brasileiros a partir de dados coletados em pesquisas referenciadas e nos meios de comunicação social; promover o conhecimento do problema público que envolve a saúde no cárcere e, por fim, identificar meios para melhorar o sistema penitenciário brasileiro no que se relaciona ao Direito Sanitário dos encarcerados. Enfatiza-se que a pesquisa foi fundamentada nos seguintes métodos: dedutivo, pois se partiu de premissas já existentes no que se relaciona ao tema, chegando assim a novas respostas relacionadas à realidade do sistema prisional no Brasil; e qualiquantitativo, pois se primou por analisar dados estatísticos e exploratórios provenientes do serviço de saúde prestado nos presídios brasileiros. Evidencia que a técnica da pesquisa foi à bibliográfica, na qual teve como embasamento diversos livros de autores referências no tema e a legislação pertinente, em especial a Lei de Execução Penal, onde se destacam o direito da assistência à saúde, e a Portaria Interministerial nº 1777/2003/GM, que instituiu o Plano Nacional de Saúde no Sistema Penitenciária, e a Constituição Federal de 1988, tendo como ponto de partida o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, assegurando ao preso a sua saúde, a integridade física e moral. A partir de como tratamos a saúde dos reclusos nos sistemas penitenciários e quais os princípios a serem respeitados, poderemos traçar elementos distintivos para efetivar esse direito fundamental que tantos problemas trazem não só para a vida dos encarcerados, mas também para dar efetividade a função reintegradora da pena, visto que o direito que está limitado é o exercício pleno de sua liberdade.

Bovine cysticercosis, caused by Taenia saginata metacestodes, is the cause of significant economic losses to the meat production chain by condemnation and downgrading of infected carcasses. It is also a public health issue causing human taeniasis. This study evaluated the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis at the meat inspection procedures in slaughterhouses of south and north regions of the Tocantins State in Brazil. Specimens identified as cysts of T. saginata were collected and analyzed by molecular (PCR) and histopathological techniques. The cysts were collected from March to December of 2010 in slaughterhouses located in the cities of Alvorada (South) and Araguaína (North). The frequency of cystic lesions during the study was 0.033% (53/164,091) with 69.81% of calcified lesions and 30.9% of live cysts at meat inspection. From 14 samples submitted to molecular analysis, 28.57% (4/14) were positive for T. saginata. The histopathological analysis of the non-T. saginata samples showed lesions suggestive of granuloma and hydatid disease. The results indicated that the identification of the etiological agent is difficult by macroscopic inspection, emphasizing the need to associate specific diagnostic methods at meat inspection in abattoirs. In addition, species-specific PCR would be an effective tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and identifying cysticercosis, assisting the conventional tests.

This study evaluated the effect of different salt concentrations on growth, synthesis of organic solutes and ionic balance (Na+, Cl- and K+) of Jatropha curcas L. for 28 days. Seven treatments were established: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 mol m-3 NaCl in a completely randomized design with five replicates per treatment. The largest concentrations of NaCl the addition of the salt was made gradually to avoid osmotic shock. The number of leaves and leaf area were reduced in plants subjected to salinity from 30 to 45 mol m-3 NaCl, respectively. The production of fresh and dry matter were reduced from 60 mol.m-3 NaCl up to 36%. The concentration of soluble carbohydrates and total soluble proteins increased significantly only in plants exposed to 15 and 30 mol.m-3 and 30 mol.m-3 NaCl, respectively. The total phenol content increased in plants subjected to salinity from 30 mol.m-3 NaCl. The increase in the levels of total phenols, soluble carbohydrates and soluble proteins and the absence of reduced growth in seedlings subjected to 30 mol.m-3 NaCl indicates the activation of an efficient mechanisms of acclimatization of this stress magnitude. The levels of Na+ and Cl- increased in all parts of the plant were increased concentrations of salt in the nutrient solution. The high levels of Na+ and Cl- indicate the absence of extrusion mechanisms of these ions.

The effects of different light quality treatments on in vitro growth and multiplication of sugarcane (RB867515) were investigated. The plantlets were cultivated on MS medium containing 1.3 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and exposed to five light treatments: three combinations of blue/red LED (70:30, 50:50, 30:70), white-LED and fluorescent lamps, during 24 days. Among the LED light treatments, blue/red combination in 50:50 proportions proved to have the best results for stem length, fresh mass, leaf number and shoot multiplication. Higher content of photosynthetic pigments was also obtained with LEDs. Results suggested that the light quality emitted by LEDs was suitable for plant growth and development and it may be used as alternative and economic light source for micropropagation of sugarcane variety under analysis.

A internet, meio de comunicação amplamente difundido, favorece hoje diferentes grupos de usuários, inclusive os deficientes visuais. Para que este grupo em especial possa se favorecer desta ferramenta em suas atividades diárias, de forma eficaz, é necessário que haja atenção especial no desenvolvimento da interface das páginas Web. O W3C, órgão que visa normatizar internacionalmente o conteúdo da Web, disponibiliza através da WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines), diretrizes que visam orientar o desenvolvedor na tarefa de criar um projeto com os níveis de acessibilidade adequados para conteúdo Web. Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar a atual situação de acessibilidade de sites comumente utilizados por usuários, visando identificar a utilização dos padrões de acessibilidade do W3C por parte dos desenvolvedores de paginas Web. Para tanto, foi utilizada a ferramenta DaSilva, avaliador em português, baseando nas regras de acessibilidade do WCAG, em 10 sites divididos entre sites de notícias online, instituições de ensino, lojas virtuais, bancos e organizações públicas. Analisando os resultados dos testes, nota-se que o processo de implantação das adaptações para acessibilidade ainda está em fase inicial. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 20% dos sites testados foram desenvolvidos usando as recomendações de acessibilidade da WCAG, o que pode ser considerado razoável, pelo tamanho da amostra, porém pouco satisfatório levando em consideração o universo de sites atualmente disponibilizados na internet.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e tratamento de sementes com regulador vegetal no desenvolvimento do algodoeiro. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (S1-0,5; S2-2,0; S3-3,5; S4-5,0 e 6,5 dS m-1) em sementes tratadas e não tratadas com regulador vegetal. As características avaliadas foram: número de folhas, área foliar, altura, massa seca do caule, das folhas e da parte vegetativa, área foliar específica e razão de área foliar. Houve interação entre salinidade e tratamentos de sementes com cloreto de mepiquat apenas para área foliar e razão de área foliar. Todas as demais características foram reduzidas com o aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação, com maiores reduções para área foliar (média de 65,8%) e massa seca da parte vegetativa (64%). O tratamento das sementes com cloreto de mepiquat afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas, independente da salinidade.This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of irrigation water at different salinity levels, and of seed treatment with plant growth regulator, on the development of the cotton plant. The experimental design used was completely randomized, arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combinations of five levels of salinity of the irrigation water (S1-0.5, S2-2.0, S3-3.5, S4-5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1) on seeds, both treated and not treated with growth regulator. The evaluated characteristics were: number of leaves, leaf area, height, dry mass of stems, leaves and vegetative parts, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. There was an interaction between salinity and seed treatments with mepiquat chloride, but only for leaf area and leaf area ratio. All other characteristics decreased with the increasing salinity of the irrigation water, with greater reductions in leaf area (mean of 65.8%) and dry mass of vegetative parts (64%). Seed treatment with mepiquat chloride affected plant development, independent of salinity.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e sementes tratadas com regulador de crescimento na produção do algodoeiro. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (S1-0,5; S2-2,0; S3-3,5; S4-5,0 e S5-6,5 dS m-1) em sementes tratadas e não tratadas com regulador de crescimento. As variáveis avaliadas foram: produção de algodão em caroço, produção de sementes e de fibra, peso de 100 sementes e porcentagem de fibra. Não houve interação entre os níveis de salinidades e as sementes tratadas com regulador de crescimento. Os parâmetros produtivos do algodoeiro são reduzidos com uso de água de salinidade a partir de 3,5 dS m-1, independente das sementes serem tratadas com regulador de crescimento. As características agronômicas: peso de 100 sementes, porcentagem de fibra e produção de algodão em caroço não são influenciadas pelo cloreto de mepiquat. O tratamento das sementes com regulador de crescimento não afeta o efeito adverso da salinidade.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels of irrigation water and seed treated with growth regulator on the yield of cotton. It was used an entirely statistical randomized design, in a factorial scheme 5 x 2, with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combination of four salinity levels of irrigation water (S1-0.5; S2-2.0; S3-3.5; S4-5.0 and S5-6.5 dS m-1) in treated and untreated seeds with growth regulator. The variables were: production of cotton, seed and fiber, 100 seed weight and percentage of fiber. There was not interaction between salinity levels and seed treated. The parameters of cotton production are reduced with the use of water salinity from 3.5 dS m-1, independent of seed treated or not with growth regulators. Agronomic traits 100 seed weight, percentage of fiber and seed cotton production are not influenced by mepiquat chloride. The seed treatment with growth regulator do not affects the adverse effect of salinity.

A isquemia aguda de membros pode se manifestar, embora de forma incomum, como consequência à vasculite associada ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). O presente caso descreve a evolução de uma paciente soropositiva para o HIV, que apresentou quadro de isquemia distal bilateral, com diminuição da temperatura de terço distal das pernas e pés, dor intensa, cianose fixa de pododátilos e ausência de pulsos distais. Submetida ao tratamento com terapia trombolítica, apresentou sinais de lesões decorrentes da isquemia e lesão tecidual de reperfusão com perda tecidual em regiões distais dos dedos, porém com melhora dos sinais e sintomas dos membros inferiores. Trata-se de um caso raro na literatura em função da associação da vasculite com o HIV e do acometimento dos vasos distais nos membros inferiores. Entretanto, o conhecimento desta associação é de extrema importância devido à repercussão na vida dos pacientes acometidos.The acute limb ischemia may manifest itself, albeit unusual, as a consequence of vasculitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This case report described a patient seropositive for HIV who developed bilateral distal ischemia with temperature decrease of distal legs and feet, severe pain, cyanosis of fixed toes, and absence of distal pulses. She underwent treatment with thrombolytic therapy, showed signs of injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury with tissue loss in the distal regions of the fingers, but with improvement of the signs and symptoms of lower limbs. It is a rare case in literature due to the association of vasculitis with HIV and to the torment of distal vases of the lower limbs. Despite of that, the knowledge of the pathology is extremely important because of the repercussion in the patients' lives.

O Brasil destaca-se por ser o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) e por dominar todos os estágios da tecnologia de produção de açúcar e etanol. Atualmente se observa a expansão dessa cultura para a região semiárida brasileira, a qual apresenta solos propensos à salinização. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta à salinidade de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar. O ensaio foi implantado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 8 com cinco repetições, correspondendo a duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB867515 e RB863129) e oito níveis de NaCl (0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150; 200 mM de NaCl). A salinidade induziu aumento na fluorescência e diminuição na concentração de clorofila em ambas as variedades. A redução da clorofila, entretanto, foi maior na variedade RB867515. Observou-se, nesta mesma variedade, aumento da atividade da peroxidase do ascorbato (APX) e da catalase (CAT), enquanto na variedade RB863129 ocorreu redução na atividade dessas enzimas. Esses resultados indicam que a variedade RB867515 apresenta um mecanismo mais eficiente na proteção da planta contra danos no aparato fotoquímico e contra a ação de espécies reativas de oxigênio, em particular o H2O2.Brazil is seen as being the largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and of mastering all stages in the production of sugar and ethanol. Currently this production is being expanded into the semi-arid regions of Brazil, where there are soil-types prone to salinity. This study aimed to evaluate the response to salinity in two sugarcane genotypes, RB867515 and RB863129. Salinity caused an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence and a reduction of chlorophyll concentration in both varieties. The reduction of chlorophyll however was higher in RB867515. In this same type, an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) was observed, while in genotype RB863129 there was a reduction in the activity of these two enzymes. These results show that RB867515 has a mechanism which better protects the plant against damage to the photochemical system and the action of reactive oxygen species, particularly H2O2.

The bromeliads are hardy plants with exotic beauty, appreciated by consumers worldwide. The species Ananas porteanus Hort ex C. Veitch Koch, in particular, shows great potential for floriculture. These plants acclimate easily to adverse environmental conditions like those found in semi-arid areas. To assess the salinity tolerance of A. porteanus there were two treatments, one without the addition of NaCl (control) and the other with 80 mmol L-1 NaCl. The experiment lasted 90 days and were evaluated in the shoot: shoot dry matter, chloride, sodium and potassium contents, Na + / K + rate, proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins, total phenols, peroxidase activity, levels of chlorophyll "a" and "b" and membrane damage. Plants of A. porteanus treated with sodium chloride were able to maintain the integrity of the membrane at levels similar to those found in control plants and the maintenance of membrane integrity result in part from increased activity of peroxidase. The increase in proline and protein content also appears to be one of the strategies of this species to cope with damage caused by the excess of NaCl as well as the increase in levels of chlorophyll. Soluble carbohydrates are not used to adjust the osmotic potential in plants subjected to 80 mmol L-1 NaCl. The metabolic changes occurring in plants of A. porteanus treated with sodium chloride led to a new homeostasis that resulted in the plant tolerance to salt stress imposed.

O uso de água salina, na irrigação, tem sido um desafio para os pesquisadores e produtores rurais, sendo constantemente desenvolvidos estudos que possibilitem o uso de água, de qualidade inferior, sem afetar o rendimento e qualidade dos produtos agrícolas. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e doses de fósforo na cultura do rabanete. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 com três repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de quatro níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (S1-0,5; S2-2,0; S3-3,5 e S4-5,0 dS m-1) com quatro doses de fósforo (0; 100; 200 e 300 mg dm-3). As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca e seca das raízes. A cultura do rabanete respondeu significativamente a interação entre salinidade e fósforo para área foliar, massa fresca e seca das raízes; e de forma isolada para número de folhas. Doses crescentes de fósforo reduziram à sensibilidade da cultura do rabanete à salinidade de até 3,5 dS m-1. O manejo da adubação fosfatada é uma alternativa para amenizar o efeito da salinidade no desenvolvimento da cultura do rabanete.The use of saline water for irrigation has been a challenge for the researchers and farmers, studies continually being developed to enable the use of lower quality water without interfering with the yield and quality of products. This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels water irrigation and phosphorus doses in radish. It was used an entirely statistical randomized design, in factorial scheme 4 x 4, with three replications. The treatments resulted from the combination of four salinity levels of irrigation water (S1-0.5; S2-2.0; S3-3.5 and S4-5.0 dS m-1) with four phosphorus levels (0; 100; 200 and 300 mg dm-3). The variables evaluated were: number of leaves, leaf area, root fresh and dry weight of roots. The radish responded significantly the interaction between salinity and phosphorus for leaf area, fresh and dry weight of roots, and isolated the factors for number of leaves. Increasing doses of phosphorus reduced the sensitivity of radish culture to salinity up to 3,5 dS m-1. The management of phosphorus is an alternative to alleviate the effect of salinity in the development of radish.

The search toward the establishment of novel serological tests for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis and proper differential diagnosis may represent one alternative to the invasive parasitological methods currently used to identify infected individuals. In the present work, we investigated the potential use of recombinant peroxidoxin (rPeroxidoxin) of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis as a potential antigen for the immunodiagnosis of human tegumentary (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Linear B-cell epitope mapping was performed to identify polymorphic epitopes when comparing orthologous sequences present in Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent for Chagas disease (CD), and the Homo sapiens and Canis familiaris hosts. The serological assay (ELISA) demonstrated that TL, VL and CVL individuals showed high levels of antibodies against rPeroxidoxin, allowing identification of infected ones with considerable sensitivity and great ability to discriminate (specificity) between non-infected and CD individuals (98.46% and 100%; 98.18% and 95.71%; 95.79% and 100%, respectively). An rPeroxidoxin ELISA also showed a greater ability to discriminate between vaccinated and infected animals, which is an important requirement for the public campaign control of CVL. A depletion ELISA assay using soluble peptides of this B-cell epitope confirmed the recognition of these sites only by Leishmania-infected individuals. Moreover, this work identifies two antigenic polymorphic linear B-cell epitopes of L. braziliensis. Specific recognition of TL and VL patients was confirmed by significantly decreased IgG reactivity against rPeroxidoxin after depletion of peptide-1- and peptide-2-specific antibodies (peptide 1: reduced by 32%, 42% and 5% for CL, ML and VL, respectively; peptide-2: reduced by 24%, 22% and 13% for CL, ML and VL, respectively) and only peptide-2 for CVL (reduced 9%). Overall, rPeroxidoxin may be a potential antigen for the immunodiagnosis of TL, VL or CVL, as it has a higher agreement with parasitological assays and is better than other reference tests that use soluble Leishmania antigens for diagnosing CVL in Brazil (EIE-LVC, Bio-manguinhos, FIOCRUZ).

Este artigo aborda os investimentos com Segurança Pública realizados pelas três esferas federativas, entre 2000 e 2009.Procura-se identificar a evolução dos gastos da União com Segurança Pública nesse período, bem como comparar essesdispêndios com aqueles efetuados pelos países da União Europeia. Além disso, apresenta-se a relação dos investimentoscom Segurança Pública de estados e municípios em relação às respectivas populações, ao Produto Interno Bruto – PIB eao total dos gastos de cada ente público. A investigação se deu por meio de uma abordagem quantitativa com objetivoexploratório.

The burning of pasture and crop residues in the period prior to the rains in the semi-arid region is a practice usually applied by farmers to facilitate cleaning of the area and renew pasture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fire in chemical and biological soil properties in different areas in the hinterland of Paraíba. The treatments consisted in the use of fire and grazing in an area of growing with and no use of fire in grassland and preserved savanna area that served as a witness. Samples were collected bimonthly from September 2008 to July/2009. Samples were collected at depth of 0-20 cm in each area, for analysis of chemical indicators. To determine the biological indicators were installed traps "Provid" which consisted in the use of plastic bottles for collection of soil macrofauna, the soil samples without problems to determine the mesofauna were extracted using the type extractors modified Berlese-Tullgren (Oliveira 1999). Composed of rectangular boards, each containing structure, 25W lamps divided in two upper compartments contains rings with the samples and the lamps, while in the lower compartment are funnels and bottles of glass with a solution of ethyl alcohol 80% to the collection of organisms. The largest number of individuals of the mesofauna was collected in the areas of native grassland and savanna preserved without burning. As for the macrofauna, the capture of the organisms was higher in the area of native pasture without burning. The pH values were analyzed were near the neutrality, mainly suffering major reductions in CCQ. In burned areas (PNQ and CCQ) showed increased levels of P and K after burning and then there was a reduction in the levels.

O amônio (NH4 + ) e o nitrato (NO3 - ) são as duas principais formas de nitrogênio que podem ser absorvido pela maioria das plantas, dependo das condições ambientais. Foi conduzido um experimento em casa-de-vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes relações NO3 - /NH+ 4 sobre o desenvolvimento e teor de N, P e K em berinjela. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco relações nitrato/amônio (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 e 0/100). As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos com capacidade para 12,0 dm3 . Avaliaram-se os parâmetros de crescimento: altura das plantas, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, área foliar específica, razão de área foliar, teores de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no tecido foliar. O desenvolvimento da plantas e o teor de nutrientes foram afetados pelas relações nitrato/amônio. Verificou-se que o menor desenvolvimento foi obtido para as plantas cultivadas tendo apenas nitrato ou amônio como fonte de nitrogênio. Os resultados evidenciaram que a cultura da berinjela cresce melhor quando ocorrer a mistura de NO3 - e NH4 + , principalmente na relação nitrato/amônio 75/25. Palavras chave: Solanum melongena L., nutrição mineral, fertilização nitrogenada.

Conduziu-se o experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), submetido a salinidade da água de irrigação e fontes de nitrogênio. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da combinação de cinco níveis de salinidade (0,5, 1,5, 2,5, 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1) com três fontes de nitrogênio (uréia, sulfato de amônio e nitrato de cálcio). As plantas foram coletadas aos 40 dias após a semeadura. As características avaliadas foram: massa seca total, massa seca das folhas, das raízes, do caule e a relação massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca das raízes. O acúmulo de massa seca foi afetado significativamente pela salinidade, pelas fontes de nitrogênio e pela interação entre os fatores. Os diferentes órgãos das plantas responderam distintamente aos tratamentos aplicados. A aplicação de nitrogênio utilizando-se sulfato de amônio reduziu o efeito de elevada salinidade, mas o uso de uréia aumentou o nível de salinidade sem afetar a planta.

A moringa apresenta-se como uma planta de grande importância para a população nordestina, no entanto, são escassos os estudos sobre esta planta. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação na germinação desta espécie. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 26, sendo o primeiro fator composto por duas condições das sementes (Com e Sem Tegumento), e o segundo de seis níveis de salinidade (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 dS m-1) com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram à porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de emergência, altura, número de folhas, área foliar e matéria seca total. A moringa apresenta-se como uma planta mediamente tolerante a salinidade, podendo germinar satisfatoriamente em salinidade de até 3,0 dS m-1. A retirada do tegumento não aumentou a germinação nem o índice de velocidade de emergência. As características mais influenciadas pela salinidade foram à área foliar e o acúmulo de matéria seca, independente da presença ou não do tegumento, sendo o efeito mais acentuado nas sementes sem tegumento. A retirada do tegumento das sementes reduziu a tolerância das plântulas à salinidade da água de irrigação.

Esta revisão de literatura sobre aprendizagem organizacional aponta cinco principais desafios enfrentados por pesquisadores desse campo. Os desafios identificados foram de caráter teórico, conceitual e metodológico e merecem atenção especial no momento de planejamento de projetos de pesquisa nessa área. A primeira constatação do levantamento bibliográfico é que inexiste uma teoria da aprendizagem organizacional e, portanto, os pesquisadores enfrentam o desafio de erigir teoria relativa a esse fenômeno complexo e multifacetado. Já o segundo desafio refere-se à análise multinível de um processo que ocorre em nível individual e transcende o grupo, a organização e outras organizações, exigindo um modelo de análise adequado. O tema vem sendo estudado por diversas disciplinas sob perspectivas distintas, representando a terceira constatação da pesquisa e o desafio de construir pontes interdisciplinares para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria abrangente e útil em diversos campos da ciência. Esse desafio se torna ainda mais complexo diante da constatação da multiplicidade de conceitos e construtos de pesquisa relacionados diretamente com o mesmo processo de geração e operação de conhecimento para adaptação e performance organizacional. Por fim, o quinto desafio refere-se às metodologias de pesquisa sobre aprendizagem organizacional, com possibilidades pouco exploradas e uma hegemonia dos instrumentos de percepção individual.