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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain fungal species under specific conditions. Research has found that exposure to various fungal toxins can cause embryonic developmental toxicity, such as embryo arrest, abortion, and intrauterine fetal developmental delay. There are no systematic reports on the impact of exposure to fungal toxins during pregnancy on the toxicity of intrauterine fetal development and biological monitoring. Therefore, in order to prevent and reduce the harm of fungal toxins during pregnancy, this paper summarizes the research status of embryonic developmental toxicity, as well as the research status of biological monitoring technologies based on biomarkers such as exposure biomarkers and biomakers of effect, which are caused by traditional fungal toxins such as aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and emerging fungal toxins such as Alternaria toxins, beauverin, and enniatins. The aim of the paper is for construction of the healthy China.

Currently, there is a growing call for a co-governance approach that includes consumers in food safety governance. To address this, corporations have implemented decentralised digital food traceability systems based on blockchain. Many argue that this technology will lead to enhanced consumer trust in food safety governance through greater consumer engagement. In this regard, this paper examines factors that influence consumer engagement and trust in food safety governance, mobilising interdisciplinary literature from the social sciences, economics and food safety governance. By doing so, it explores the implications of the implementation of blockchain as a means of enhancing consumer trust. The paper raises critical questions on a global scale and offers a social science and wider empirical perspective that has received less attention. To further investigate the effects of blockchain on consumer trust in the food supply chain, it proposes a research agenda that includes theoretical and empirical research.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. that mainly contaminates wheat, corn, and other food crops, and has posed serious threats to food safety. Currently, enzymatic detoxification of DON shows promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the latest domestic and international research on the types of biotransformation enzymes, degradation mechanisms, structural features, detoxification enzyme mining strategies, and molecular modifications of DON. Additionally, the paper explored research trends in molecular design of mycotoxin detoxification enzymes assisted by artificial intelligence, which aimed to provide a reference for the development of bio-detoxification technology of DON in food and feed.

Existing studies have clearly demonstrated that people eating more whole grains have reduced risks of many chronic metabolic diseases compared to those eating less. In the past 20 years, the whole grain industry has developed so rapidly in major developed countries and regions. In recent years, whole grains have also attracted extensive attention in our country. The research and development efforts of the whole grain standards in China have been strengthened. This paper introduced the progress of the global definition consensus of whole grain and whole grain food, summarized the international development status of whole grain raw materials and whole grain food related standards in many countries and institutions, such as the Working Group of ISO Whole Grain, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Codex Alimentarius Commission, and so on. This paper also reviewed the present situation of definition of the whole grain and whole grain food related standards in China. More than 20 relevant raw materials, food related standards and production technical regulations and the publishment situation of other whole grain standards in China, including national standards and industry standards and local standards and group standards, were summarized, and some whole grain related standards under formulation were also introduced. Finally, the paper puts forward the development direction and suggestions for the construction of whole grain standard system in China, including fully combining with the actual production situation of China’s whole grain food industry, integrating with international standards, and combining standard testing and certification. On the whole, the gradual improvement of the standard system of the whole grain food industry will help guide and regulate the high-quality and healthy development of the whole grain industry in China, and promote the creation of a diversified and healthy grain food ecology, and provide a technical basis for the development of the whole grain industry.

In this paper, wheat flour was irradiated at different doses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kGy) to investigate the effects of 60Co-γirradiation on the structural and functional properties of its gluten. The disulfide bond was broken by irradiation, and the content of the free sulfhydryl group increased. The results of Fourier infrared spectroscopy showed that the secondary structure of gluten protein was rearranged with decrease in a-helix content and an increase in β-sheet content. Raman spectroscopy and surface hydrophobicity showed that the microenvironment of aromatic amino acid side chains changed. Irradiation treatment resulted in the tryptophan and tyrosine residues tending more toward the exposed state, and the surface hydrophobicity increased. Meanwhile, irradiation increased the solubility, water and oil holding, and emulsifying properties of gluten proteins, and the maximum value reached at 15 kGy（solubility is 0.46 mg/mL, water holding 3.13 g/g, oil holding 4.33 g/g, emulsification 6.669 m2/g）. In conclusion, the proper dose of gamma-irradiation can change the secondary and tertiary structure of gluten, and improve its functional properties such as solubility, water retention and emulsification, which is conducive to expanding the application space of gluten protein and providing theoretical references for industrial applications.

Instant rice is a kind of convenient food, which is easy to eat, simple and quick. Instant rice not only conform to ours people’s habits of eating rice, but also meets the needs of the current fast-paced life, which has developed rapidly in recent years. With the further improvement of domestic fresh rice technology and equipment, the wet instant rice industry, such as frozen instant rice, aseptic instant rice, and short-shelf-life instant rice, will be further developed. This paper summarized the main factors affecting the quality of dry instant rice, including raw material varieties, processing precision, processing technology and conditions, and focused on the key technologies of industrial processing of fresh rice, including aseptic processing, high temperature sterilization, ultra-high pressure treatment, etc. The latest research progress of extrusion and recombination instant rice was also reviewed, and the existing problems and future development direction of instant rice were discussed.

Cultural inheritance is the spiritual genealogy and life source to sustainable development for a journal. This paper took Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods (in brief “this journal”) as an example to review. The period of this journal has been divided into four stages, including the gestation period from 1991 to 1992, the early and long-term from1993 to 1996, the mature period from 1997 to 2018, and the new development period from 2019 to the present, in order to review its important performance, growth and progress in the changes of social times and the reform of Chinese scientific research system over more than 30 years. By sorting out the development history and the operating experience, the phased achievements and substantial progress in terms of operating characteristics were summarized. The historical contribution, hard work and harvest have also condensed. It could lay an important cornerstone for the journal to continue to carry forward the fine tradition and promote the construction of brand culture. This paper could also promote the journal development to a new level, and provide reference for peer journals to sort out their historical developments.

Green ecological control of stored grain pests is one of the important tasks to promote green grain storage. Predator mite control of stored grain pests is a biological control technology that employs ecological factors to suppress the population of stored grain pests. Cheyletus malaccensis control the pest populations by feeding on the eggs and larvae of insect pests and mites. As Cheyletus malaccensis is the dominant predatory mites in Chinese grain warehouse, it has several advantages, including wide distribution, large quantity, significant quantities, a broad predation spectrum, and high predation levels. This paper briefly described the control technique for stored grain pests by C. malaccensis and the advantages of control by C. malaccensis based on our team's researches in recent years. In addition, low-cost and convenient artificial propagation and release technologies have been developed. These methods are non-polluting, residue-free and are effective in preventing resistance within warehouse applications. This paper provides guidance for the green, ecological and safe stored grain pests comprehensive control and for reduced application of chemical pesticides.

The shortage of high-quality protein feed resources has become an important variable affecting food security in China. Grain and oil processing by-products are abundant in China, but the feeding value is low. If these resources are processed through modern biotechnology, such as biofermentation, enzymolysis technology or synthetic biology, their quality and efficiency will be improved and can be used to replace the soybean meal. This paper summarized the production process, feed value and its application in soybean meal replacement of fermented feed, enzymolysis feed and microbial protein feed, and also introduced the research progress of microbial adsorption, degradation, or enzymes on removing mycotoxins, finally put forward the research prospect of development, industrialization application, standard establishment, and industry supervision for biological fermentation feed. This paper can provide guidance for the application of biotechnology in grain and oil feed resources.

ObjectiveThis paper analyzes the key concerns of the European union （EU） in the field of food and summarizes the problems of food quality and safety in China and the measures to be taken based on the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed （RASFF） notifications to the public on food safety in China from 2019 to 2021.MethodsSummarizing the situation of the EU RASFF notification to China in 2019—2021， Classification statistical analysis was carried out from five analysis dimensions， including notification type， notification country， product type， hazard type， notification type and hazard type correlation analysis.ResultsIn 2021， the EU RASFF notified 158 cases of food to China， accounting for 50.16% of notifications to China. The three types of products notified accounted for a higher percentage： fruits and vegetables （29 cases）， fish and its products （16 cases）， herbs and spices （16 cases）. Four types of hazards， such as pesticide residues， food additives and flavorings， industrial pollutants， and mycotoxins， accounted for a relatively high proportion. The problem of ethylene oxide exceeding the standard exists in some food categories in China， but China’s relevant studies on the exposure of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol in food were less， and the national standards for detection methods and limits in food had not yet been established. Among the border rejection types of notification， pesticide residues （20 cases）， mycotoxins （5 cases）， pathogenic microorganisms （4 cases） and other hazard factors accounted for a relatively high percentage.ConclusionThis paper summarizes the EU RASFF notification of China’s food safety situation exported to Europe， in order to reduce the occurrence of similar situations， and provide reference for China’s market supervision departments and export food enterprises.

Baked foods with a huge market scale play an important part in people's daily diet, and the market scale maintains a trend of rapid growth. The quality of baked foods is affected by many factors, such as raw material composition and processing conditions, so understanding the factors affecting the quality of baked foods is of great significance to process and produce high-quality baked foods. This paper reviewed the effects of fermentation conditions, processing conditions, and raw material composition on the quality of baked foods, and it also involved research on functional baked foods with the addition of special nutritional ingredients or low / no sugar content. These new types of baked foods are more in line with the current people's pursuit of the concept of nutritious and healthy diet. This paper could provide the reference for the design and production of high-quality baked foods, and promote the development and upgrading of the baked food industry.

In this paper, the overall development of electromagnetic heating food technology and even electromagnetic cooking technology was analyzed from multiple perspectives by means of literature date summary, and questionnaire survey analysis. This paper focused on the main components and functions, technical elements, core technical indicators and research hotspots of electromagnetic heating food equipment, and the current overall research situation of electromagnetic cooking food technology was also summarized and analyzed. For the commercial electromagnetic cooker products, this paper summarized and analyzed the market application situation and main use problems of electromagnetic cooker based on the questionnaire survey analysis method. Finally, based on the current situation of increasingly prominent problems of electromagnetic cooking products, the future development suggestion of standardizing market order and improving technology foresight was pointed out.

For reduce the carbon emissions of grain transportation, improve ment the efficiency of grain transportation and ensurance the safety of grain transportation, this paper constructed a location-routing optimization model of grain transshipment hub driven by low carbon according to the perspective of quantitative analysis. An improved genetic algorithm was designed to solve the model, which could improve and optimize the layout of China's existing grain transportation network. Finally, some provincial capital cities on the key line of grain logistics were selected for analysis and verification. The results showed that The model and algorithm of hub node sitting-route optimization in hub-spoke multimodal transport network could reduce the total grain transportation cost by 13.87%. Carbon emissions were reduced by 11.70%, and the average transfer saturation of hubs was increased by 9.66%. This method was suitable for the actual grain transportation process, and can realize the low-carbon and efficient transportation of grain, which could provide reference for the location and path planning of Chinese grain transport hub under low-carbon drive.

Granary is an important facility to ensure the safety of grain storage. The granary is a large closed space with dim lighting and poor air circulation. Operations such as fumigation and air conditioning increase personnel safety risks. The identification and analysis of abnormal behaviors of workers through security videos in the granary has become a key safe operations for workers as an important technical guarantee. This paper proposed a video recognition algorithm for abnormal behavior of workers in a granary based on a skeleton sequence multi-algorithm. First, the YOLOv3tiny model was used to quickly detect the human body, combined with Sort to track the motion trajectories of multiple targets, and the human skeleton coordinate sequence and weight information were extracted through the AlphaPose model. Then, based on the real spacial graph (RSG) composed of natural connection nodes of the human skeleton and virtual spacial graph (VSG) constructed by interconnecting the center of gravity of the virtual human body with the head, hands, and feet, the bin was extracted based on the balance of the interaction between the center of gravity of the human body dynamics and the hands and feet. Spatial characteristics of abnormal behavior of internal workers and spatiotemporal characteristics of concatenated temporal convolution (TC). Finally, a virtual-real combining spatial temporal graph convolution network (VR-STGCN) video recognition algorithm for abnormal behavior of granary workers was proposed. At the same time, a hybrid dataset was built, and comparative experiments and analysis were conducted between VR-STGCN and four algorithms such as SSD, PCANet, Two-StreamCNN, and STGCN. The results showed that all indicators of VR-STGCN were better than those of the other four algorithms. VR-STGCN can accurately identify abnormal behaviors such as falling, crawling, and lying down of people in the granary in complex environments such as insufficient light, multiple targets, and long distances. The recognition accuracy reached 97.7%, and the processing speed was 18.67fps, which can analyze the abnormal behavior of workers in real time. The research results could provide a new and efficient technology for the safety of granary workers in complex environments.

In this paper, the contents of 12 mineral elements in 100 samples of four types of takeaway fast food, including porridge and noodles, special snacks, Chinese fast food and Western fast food, sold in Beijing were analyzed by ICP-MS, and the RNI and UL values of the elements were used as the assessment criteria for preliminary dietary nutritional assessment of different age groups. The results showed that the range of mineral element contents in the samples was wide and the degree of dispersion was large. The intakes of Na, I and Cr could meet the daily dietary needs of the whole population in all types of takeaway samples, while the intakes of Ca, Mg and Fe were insufficient. The insufficient intakes of K, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo and Se were found in some of the samples of some populations. The intakes of the 12 elements showed different degrees of variability among the four types of takeaways, with lower intakes of each element in congee and noodle dishes, and K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Se and Cr showed significant differences from the other three types. The intake of each element was lower in congee and noodles, which showed significant differences with the other three categories. In addition, the intake of take-away fast food was found to be excessive, with Zn and I exceeding 1.1%~5.3% and 3.6%~14.3%, respectively, in different age groups. The results showed that the long-term take-away population should pay attention to adjusting their dietary structure, balancing the intake of take-away food containing meat, vegetables, legumes, eggs and milk, and appropriately replenishing various types of minerals with insufficient intake. At the same time the health risks of “over-nutrition” brought about by fast food takeaways should be paid attention, and the young minors were the key concern groups.

Edible vegetable oils could provide energy, essential fatty acids and various micronutrients required in the body. However, vegetable oils, being rich in unsaturated fatty acids, are susceptible to oxidation to produce a series of oxidation products that are harmful to health after consumption, due to environmental factors during processing and storage. Therefore, this paper introduced the causes of oxidation in edible vegetable oils, the mechanism of lipid autoxidation, the main oxidation pathways and the hazards of oil oxidation, and the research progress of antioxidation on edible vegetable oils were also reviewed, including low-temperature storage, gas-conditioned storage and adding single or combined antioxidants. Meanwhile, the current problems on the lipid oxidation and the antioxidant measures in edible vegetable oils were discussed. This work could be expected to provide some references for the researches focusing on the oxidative stability of edible vegetable oils.

Compared with the advanced and sophisticated industrial production, agriculture and food production appear backward and sloppy, and agricultural production management methods are lacking. The fourth industrial revolution, represented by information technologies such as intelligent perception, Internet of Things, block chain, big data and artificial intelligence, has empowered traditional industries, and agriculture has stepped into a new digital, intelligence and even wisdom, which could provide a new opportunity to improve agricultural production management. Existing agricultural production management research is mostly limited to the study of concept definition, applicable theory and other issues. The development of information technology has built up a low-level Internet of Things with certain coverage, which brings some convenience, but cannot effectively support agricultural management and decision-making due to data silos, data waste, data abuse, data falsification and other thorny issues. From the perspective of top-level design and system management, this paper addressed the problems in the development of smart agriculture, conceptualized the characteristics of the event and natural event chains in the agricultural industry chain. This paper also proposed for the first time an event-correlation management approach and its wisdom strategy. The implementation of the event-correlation method included five aspects, including goal alignment, index systematization, asset linkage, process linkage and effect traceability. The application of the event-correlation management approach and its wisdom in the 5T management standard designation for Jilin rice brand building and the “six-step fresh rice precision control technology” innovation system of Wilmar rice industry have shown that it can improve the culture of rice cultivation, and systematically reduce losses to improve quality and increase economic benefits.

Resistant starch has the benefits in the regulation of intestinal flora, improvement of intestinal function, control of cholesterol levels and glycemic index. In recent years, the most concerned is the prebiotic effect of resistant starch. Fermented milk has been considered as the best carrier of probiotics and prebiotics. Adding type III resistant starch to fermented milk could not only improve the quality of fermented milk, but also enhance the functionality of fermented milk. This paper briefly introduced the relationships between resistant starch and prebiotics, and summarized the application of type III resistant starch in fermented milk. This paper also expounded the effect of type III resistant starch on the quality of fermented milk and its probiotic evaluation, which could provide reference for the application and development of type III resistant starch in functional fermented milk.

Compared with the inspection， the sampling work directly faces the food producers and operators， which is more likely to be challenged and even raise objections in terms of standardization， representativeness， impartiality， randomness and timeliness. With the in-depth development of food safety sampling inspection， the requirements for the sampling team increased gradually. This paper discusses the construction of specialized and professional sampling team from the aspects of personnel， management， principle， reward and punishment in order to provide more ideas for relevant work. Through literature collection and comprehensive analysis， this paper combs the current situation and possible problems of China’s food safety sampling team， and proposes the targeted measures. Referring to the construction requirements of food inspection team， clarifying the qualification conditions， establishing the information base of sampling personnel， strengthening assessment and evaluation， and unifying supervision and management can effectively improve the professional skills， responsibility and professional pride of sampling team， and improve the quality and effectiveness of sampling work.

Lipid is an important component except starch and protein in rice, which not only has unique nutritional value but also has a great impact on the functional properties of starch. In this paper, the species, structure, distribution, and content of lipids in rice were summarized, and the mechanism, structure characteristics and influencing factors of starch-lipid interaction were discussed. The interaction effects on the properties of starch, including swelling, gelatinization, rheology, retrogradation and digestive ability were reviewed. This paper provided useful information on understanding the interaction between starch and endogenous lipids in rice as well as its influence on the starch properties, which could promote the improvement of rice quality and the development of functional rice.

Based on the mathematical model of internal air flow, heat and humidity coupled transfer in paddy grain piles, while combined with the dynamic model of paddy yellowing, the paper adopted the method of numerical simulation to compare and study the variation of temperature, moisture content and paddy yellowing in the stored grain inside the shallow round warehouse under the conditions of annual natural storage and staged natural storage. On the basis of temperature and humidity, this paper further considered the yellowing effect on the quality of long-term storage of paddy. The results showed that, at the end of storage for 365 days, the average temperature of staged natural storage with ventilation was about 18 ℃ lower than that of natural storage throughout the year, the average moisture was about 0.5% lower, and the average yellowing value was about 0.8 lower. Low temperature air flowling into the high temperature granary could not only reduce the temperature, but also reduce the grain moisture and alleviate the process of paddy yellowing, so the phased natural storage was more conducive to the long-term quality storage of paddy. The rice near the warehouse wall was easily affected by the external ambient temperature, and the coating could be applied on the outside of the warehouse wall to reduce the influence of solar radiation.

Grain drying equipment is an important equipment in Chinese agricultural production process, which can significantly improve the quality of grain processing after harvest and reduce the loss rate of mildew and germination during grain storage. At present, the mechanical drying rate of grain in China was only about 30%, and its overall penetration rate still had a great opportunity to improve. The market for grain dryers has great potential for development, and under the encouragement of national policies, the research on the technology, technology and applicability of dryers has been also constantly improved. In recent years, most research on grain drying has focused on process optimization, while there has been less research on grain drying equipment, which has made it difficult to apply excellent process technology and restricted the progress of grain drying equipment. This paper summarized the latest large and medium-sized grain drying equipment and the existing main problems, and put forward some suggestions, which could provide a reference for the research and development of grain drying technology and equipment.

Hydrogels prepared by hydroxypropyl starch have better tensile properties than ordinary starch, but their mechanical properties are relatively poor. In this paper, effect of the heat-moisture treatment on the physical, chemical and the gel properties of hydroxypropyl starch was studied. Compared with the control group, the thermal stability of starch has been improved and the maintenance value decreased from 12.55 J/g to 6.58 J/g. The XRD analysis showed that the crystallicity of the strength from 30.4% to 19.6%. The double helix in strength was first destroyed by heat-moisture treatment. The peak viscosity of hydroxypropyl starch first rose to about 5 000 cp and then dropped to about 3 000 cp. The TPA and the rheological analysis showed that the hardness of the starch increased after the heat treatment of 223.51 g to 463.50 g and the storage elastic module increased, indicating that wet heat treatment improved the mechanical properties of the starch.

The pupose of this review was to explore the application of machine learning in the realm of flavor molecule research, particularly in the analysis of the flavor of Jasmine tea. The study of flavor molecules is fundamental to understand and optimize the taste and quality of food, especially tea. The introduction of machine learning technology has opened new horizons for the identification and analysis of flavor molecules. This paper firstly outlined the basic concepts and research methods of flavor molecules, and a detailed discussion on the application of machine learning in deciphering the relationships between molecular structures and flavor characteristics, as well as in the analysis, prediction and optimization of the flavor and intelligent processing of Jasmine tea and other applications, put forward the research prospect. Thereby, this review could enhance the quality of Jasmine tea and provide technical support for the further development of the tea industry.

Cadmium is a kind of heavy metal, which is harmful to environment and human health. Although conventional detection methods based on large instruments such as atomic absorption spectrometers and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers have high accuracy, they cannot meet the needs of rapid field detection and high throughput screening. The in situ rapid detection technology of cadmium can provide a new, efficient and real-time method in the fields of food security, agricultural Internet of things, biological breeding and environmental monitoring, especially in the screening of plant varieties with different cadmium absorption and accumulation characteristics. Starting with the principle and characteristics of detection technology, this paper summarized different technologies for rapid in situ detection of cadmium in animals and plants, such as electrochemical sensing technology, fluorescence sensing technology, optical sensor technology, etc., and its research progress, application prospects and development direction in the fields of food safety monitoring, risk assessment, and migration, transformation and accumulation in organisms. It is hoped to provide technical reference for related research and analysis.

ObjectiveTo provide a scientific basis for optimizing the registration and regulation， disease/medical states with a high clinical need for specific whole-nutrient foods for special medical purposes （FSMP-S） were identified.MethodsA core outcome set construction method was used in this study. A systematic review was conducted to determine the list of diseases/medical states that could be supported by FSMP-S. Then， a list of diseases/medical states with high clinical demand for FSMP-S was selected through the Delphi method and face-to-face consensus meetings， and optimization suggestions for classifying the FSMP-S were proposed.ResultsA total of 27 studies were identified， and 103 diseases/medical states with FSMP-S intervention were obtained from 5，984 papers in Chinese and English. Forty-seven physicians and dietitians from 3A hospitals participated in two rounds of Delphi surveys， after which 23 diseases/medical states were recognized as having high clinical demand for FSMP-S. The consensus meeting narrowed the scope of the FSMP-S to a high clinical need of 11 diseases/medical states. Finally， a “1+1” optimization strategy was proposed to add nutritional metabolic characteristics to the classification method for FSMP-S.ConclusionThe “1+1” strategy could optimize the classification of FSMP-S from the perspective of clinical application requirements； however， its feasibility remains undemonstrated.

Recently， the analysis of animal- and plant-derived components， mainly based on the adulteration and smuggling of meat products and genetically modified crops， has been a key focus in the field of food safety. Therefore， the requirement for analytical methods has been increasingly emphasized. Recombinase isothermal amplification is a novel and promising detection technique that currently includes recombinase polymerase amplification （RPA） and recombinase-aided amplification （RAA）. This technique has been widely used in animal- and plant-derived component analysis and other detection and analysis fields owing to its speed， convenience， and high sensitivity and specificity. This paper summarizes relevant research conducted locally and abroad in recent years and concludes with an analysis of various detection methods. It also generalizes the characteristics and applications of RPA/RAA technology in four aspects： primer-probe design， external factors， reaction devices， and detection methods， and lays out the prospects for RPA/RAA development trends. Finally， this study also provides a reference for improving the analysis and detection methods of animal- and plant-derived components and promoting RPA/RAA technology.

In order to improve the quality and reduce the loss of the nutritional content of camellia oil with the traditional press, this paper studied the process of pressing Camellia Oleifera Seeds with 10t/d Twin-Screw Oil Press. The results demonstrated that the best conditions for this article were: 9% moisture content of Camellia Oleifera seed kernels and 8% content of Camellia oleifera seed shell. The oil content of Camellia oleifera seed cake was reduced to 2.49%, and the produced camellia oil could meet the standard of first -class oil. In comparison to the camellia oil sold on the market, the retention rate of α-tocopherol in the camellia oil obtained through this process was higher, and the nutritional value of camellia oil has been further improved, which could provide technical guidance for the high-value processing of camellia oil in China.

Frozen dough is a good carrier for whole wheat food, which simplifies production operations, reduces processing difficulties, and steps up the industrial production of whole wheat food. This paper reviewed the effects of dietary fiber on the quality of dough and frozen dough, the changes of fermentation characteristics and Rheology characteristics of whole wheat frozen dough in the process of freezing and cold storage, and the research on the quality improvement of whole wheat frozen dough by food improvers. By analyzing the deterioration reasons of gluten protein, starch, fermentation properties, Rheology properties, etc. in the whole wheat frozen dough during freezing and cold storage, the theoretical basis and practical reference for improving the quality of whole wheat frozen dough were provided.

Chronic diseases inclding diabetes have been important public health problems worldwide. Starch intake is one of the main causes of postprandial blood glucose elevation. Recent studies have demonstrated that polyphenols can slow down the rate of starch digestion. Brown rice is rich in phenolics, and its nutritional health benefits are widely recognized around the world as an essential source of whole grains. The unique functional groups of phenolic substances in brown rice, such as phenolic hydroxyl, have a certain inhibitory effect on digestive enzymes. Changes in the structure of starch during processing also decrease the effect of digestive enzymes on it. This not only affects the digestion rate and digestibility of starch in an effective way, but also improves food quality. This paper reviews several aspects of phenolics in brown rice and their antioxidant activities, the process of starch digestion, the effects of brown rice polyphenols on starch digestive properties and their mechanisms of action. The aim of this review is to elucidate the scientific basis of whole grain brown rice polyphenols to retard starch digestion, and provide theoretical references for the development of whole grain brown rice-based and starch-based foods which are beneficial for populations of chronic disease, obesity, overweight, elderly, etc.

The fumigant has been approved by the World Health Organization for use in grain storage, targeting the eradication of pests in areas where grain is stored or transported to reduce insect and mold activities, thereby minimizing storage losses. Phosphine is featured by its economic viability, application readibility, rapid diffusion, and lack of residue, making it advantageous for comprehensive pest control. It demonstrates high efficacy against various harmful organisms in storage, making it one of major fumigants worldwide. However, the elimination of some fumigants has increased dependence on phosphine. The lack of standardized guidance and inappropriate use of phosphine have led to severe resistance among stored grain pests, posing a threat to the effectiveness and sustainability of phosphine treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status and trends of phosphine resistance in stored grain pests on the global. It analyzes the genetic basis of resistance, focusing on respiratory and cuticle-related gene expression and detoxification enzyme mechanisms. A comparison of four resistance detection methods—FAO, discriminating does bioassay, rapid knockdown, and molecular identification—is rendered. The study explores key strategies for resistance management, including optimization of fumigation protocols, laboratory and field validations, and application recommendations. The aim is to offer reference information for the scientific and rational use of phosphine and the development of alternative pest control methods in the future.

Grain temperature is one of the most important factors that affect the safety of grain storage. In order to reveal the distribution rule of grain storage temperature field in semi-underground double-storey squat silos(SUDSSS), the mathematical analysis models of the grain piles of the ground squat silo and the underground silo are established respectively in this paper, and the validity of the models is verified by the field test results. A numerical model of the SUDSSS was established. Through numerical analysis, the temperature field variation rule of the grain pile during the 1-year static storage of the SUDSSS after low-temperature grain storage was acquired by numerical analysis. The research demonstrates that the grain temperature within 2 m of the above-ground part of the SUDSSS close to the silo wall varies significantly because of the influence of the outside air temperature, and the temperature from 10.62 to 27.37 ℃. The grain temperature in the underground part is in a quasi-low temperature state all the year round, and the average temperature does not exceed 17 ℃ of the temperature in the underground constant temperature zone. At the beginning of the winter, a heat accumulation area will be formed in the upper storey of the ground between 1 ~ 3 m from the warehouse wall in a short period of time, leading to a large temperature difference in the grain pile near the warehouse wall, and then the temperature in the peripheral area will slowly decrease, forming a ‘hot core and cold skin’, and the thermal insulation measures of the silo wall can effectively reduce the influence of temperature on the grain temperature. The highest grain temperature in the upper storey in summer is about 3.86 ℃, lower than that of the shallow silo without thermal insulation. The research results can provide technical support for the popularization and application of the SUDSSS.

Corn is abundant in carbohydrate, protein, carbohydrates and other nutrients. However, because of its large embryo, it is easy to be infected by microorganisms and insects, which leads to the deterioration of corn quality. Therefore, the quality preservation and storage of corn is a challenge. So it is necessary to clarify the rule and change of corn storage quality. Corns with initial water content of 13.04%, 14.03% and 14.99% were taken as reasearch objects in this paper. During storage between 70% relative humidity and 20 ℃ (quasi-low temperature environment) , the changes laws of quality indexes such as bulk density, fatty acid value, germination rate, mold activity and microstructure of corn grain were studied emphatically. Otherwise changes of storage quality of corn at 70% relative humidity and 25 ℃ (room temperature environment) were compared. Therefore it can provide reference for safe storage of high-quality corn. The results demonstrated that the germination rate, fatty acid value and bulk density of corn under 20 ℃ were slower than those under 25 ℃. And they were in the suitable storage range in accordance with the national standard. The number of fungal spores increased sharply with the prolonged storage time. Meanwhile it showed significant correlation with the initial moisture content of corn. In other words, the number of fungal spores for corn under 14.99%w.b was stored for 120 d, and the safe storage periods of corn under 13.04%w.b, 14.03%w.b and 14.99%w.b were 180 d, 180 d and 100 d, respectively. The microstructure of corn kernel changed gradually during storage. It means the appearance changed from smooth and tidy to concave and convex folds. Furthermore, the arrangement of starch granules changed from tight structure to sparse and disordered structure. The main factors of corn quality and microstructure change were corn initial water content and storage time, during storage at quasi-low temperature environment. So the change laws of corn storage quality with different water content were explored, so as to provide new research perspective for maize post-harvest to reduce loss and guarantee qualtiy.

Mycotoxins are toxic, which can endanger health of animals and humans, causing a lot of economic losses to the food industry. Cold plasma is an emerging non-thermal technology featuring green and high efficiency, which can degrade mycotoxin in an effective way. To provide a theoretical reference for the application of cold plasma in the degradation of food mycotoxins, this paper first summarized the mycotoxins degradation mechanisms after cold plasma treatment. The key point is the structure of degradation products and possible degradation pathways of aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone after cold plasma treatment under different discharge modes and treatment conditions. What’s more, the degradation effect of cold plasma on pure mycotoxins and mycotoxins on food matrix were reviewed. Finally, the safety and feasibility of cold plasma treatment was talked about from the perspective of toxicity, which was separated into structural, cellular and animal toxicity of the mycotoxin degradation products.

ObjectiveTo infer the relationship between bisphenol A （BPA） exposure and adverse health effects in humans， the human epidemiological data of BPA was evaluated by the weight of evidence approach.MethodsBased on the weight of evidence approach， the human epidemiological research articles on BPA published between 2013 and 2020 were systematically searched， screened and classified. The selected articles were evaluated following the guidelines of evaluating the relevance and reliability of toxicological data developed by the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment. The hazard assessment was performed based on different endpoints.ResultsA total of 188 papers were obtained screening from 134 897 records， of which 68 papers were evaluated as “A/B” or “B” in terms of relevance， and the rest were evaluated as “C”. Only the studies with the relevance evaluation grade of “A/B” or “B” were evaluated for reliability， of which 6 studies were evaluated as “high” reliability and 62 studies were evaluated as “medium” reliability. The endpoints of toxicological effects should include metabolic， reproductive and developmental， neurological， immunological and cardiovascular effects. However， the effect indicators across studies lacked consistency due to study population， exposure duration and indicator design.ConclusionBased on the available evidence of human epidemiological data， the relationship between BPA exposure and adverse health effects in humans is not yet clear.

Phosphine and sulfuryl fluoride are two kinds of fumigation insecticides allowed for use in China and overseas. Phosphine is the “trump card” fumigation insecticide for stored grain, while Sulfuryl fluoride is mainly used as the phosphine resistance management drug. Therefore, both of them are complementary to a certain extent. In view of the application status, problems, and challenges faced by the prevention and control of stored grain pests in China, this paper investigated and sorted out the basic technical characteristics, main production enterprises, production and sales, application technology, residual problems, disposal methods, and application dominance of global grain fumigation pesticide aluminum phosphide (phosphine). Combined with the domestic and international situation, this paper also summarized the technical characteristics, its relationship with phosphine, demand, application characteristics and existing problems of sulfuryl fluoride fumigation, and put forward the suggestions and necessity of systematically carrying out the research on sulfuryl fluoride fumigation and its impact on the environment, so as to comply with the concept of “green, ecological, economic and efficient” and provide reference for the scientific and technological development of stored grain pest control in China.

We researched label symbols and instructions of food contact products in China, expecting to provide technical guidance on label design regulation for manufacters. This paper summarizes the technical specification of food contact product labeling and instructions for use by reviewing domestic and international regulations on food contact product. This study finds that China’s standards do not specify that only products having passed the quality requirements of the national standards for food contact products can be marked with the "food contact" symbol, resulting in poor "Food contact" symbol brand effect. In addition, the standards do not have systematic and comprehensive regulations on the use of the product instructions and precautions. Therefore, this paper proposes to improve the relevant regulations and standards, so that the "food contact" symbol is linked to good quality of the product and brand effect can be strengthened. We also suggest to refine the instructions and precautions for use of regulations and standards, thereby promoting the standardization of the labeling of food contact products and instructions.

Millet crops are a general term of a class of annual crops with small grains, drought resistance, and barren resistance. Millets are mostly planted and consumed in developing countries in Asia and Africa. Foxtail millet and prosomillet are the most cultivated varieties in China. Governments of relatively developed countries in Asia, Europe and America pay more attention to scientific research and investment of millet crops rather than planting and consuming situation of that. The number of published papers on millet research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ranks first in the world, followed by that funded by European Commission, the UK Research and Innovation Agency, and the US National Science Foundation. However, in the last five years, India published the most of research papers, followed by China and the United States. Millets have many health benefits due to their richness in dietary fibers, proteins, minerals polyphenols, et al., so food science and technology and plant science have been becoming the hottest research areas on millet. Finally, we described some traditional and industrial millet products.

Dicyclohexyl phthalate （DCHP） is a phthalic acid esters. It has been widely used in plastic processing and as a component in printing ink， paints， coatings， adhesives， and so on. DCHP can be detected in food， water， soil， air and dust. The application and management of DCHP was introduced， and its pollution characteristics based on existing research at home and abroad was described in this paper. And the research progress of DCHP’s metabolic processes in vivo and the hazard of liver， reproductive system， endocrine system and related mechanisms were further elaborated. And the existing problems and further research directions will be discussed.

Freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juice， freshly ground coffee， new tea and other freshly made beverages are very popular among consumers. However， due to the loose quality control of raw materials and non-standard processing operation， the risk of microbial contamination exists in the freshly made beverages. This paper summarizes the status of microbiological pollution in the present system beverage and the current situation of industry supervision， analyzes the causes of microbiological pollution in the process of the present system beverage， finds out the key control points and proposes the intervention measures， in order to promote the healthy development of the present system beverage industry.

Corn steep liquer, a byproduct of corn starch production, is highly productive and nutritious, containing a large quantity of amino acids, B vitamins and growth-promoting factors, which plays an important role in fermentation engineering, feed additives and pharmaceuticals. Due to sulfite residue, mycotoxin contamination and other issues, its application in various fields is seriously limited, resulting in resource waste, environmental pollution and economic loss. This paper reviews the techniques for removing antinutritional factors, phytic acid, and sulfites in corn syrup and the pollution, prevention of fungal toxins as well as the most recent application of it in single-cell protein, amino acid fermentation and biofertilizer, aiming to provide ideas for the comprehensive utilization of corn steep liquer and maximize its economic benefits.

Liuzhou river snail rice noodle is a local characteristic food of Liuzhou with fresh, spicy, sour and “smelly”. With the rapid development of pre-packaged river snail rice noodle, the concerns such as unstable quality and inconsistent standards have begun to emerge. The quality and unique flavor of Liuzhou river snail rice noodle are closely related to the flavor substances of its raw materials. The detection and analysis of its flavor substances is one of the key factors to measure the quality of river snail rice noodle. In this paper, based on the features of flavor substances of raw materials such as snails, sour bamboo shoots and chili oil in Liuzhou snail powder, the sources of its flavor substances were reviewed mainly according to the current research on river snail rice noodle and the related techniques of flavor substances detection. The effects of flavor substances of raw materials and excipients were systematically expounded. The development prospect of common detection techniques of flavor substances in the analysis of flavor substances and the key flavor substances of raw materials and excipients were further reviewed. The disadvantages of the research on the flavor substances of were pointed out, and the future research direction of its flavor substances was put forward, aming to provide theoretical support for the improvement, standardization and development of new products of Liuzhou river snail rice noodle.

Wheat gluten insoluble dietary fiber has special physiological functions. In recent years the attention of domestic and foreign scholars to insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran has also been increasing year by year. In this paper, the composition and function of wheat bran dietary fiber and wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber were introduced in a brief way. The extraction methods of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber, such as physical method, chemical method, biological method and chemical-enzymatic method, were introduced briefly. The effect of insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran on the quality of flour products, such as noodles, steamed bread and bread, was elucidated in order to provide a reference for further research on the extraction method of insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran and its application in flour products.

Due to the advantages of large surface area, easy functional structure, good biocompatibility, and easy integration into signal transduction system, hydrogel-based nanocomposite is an excellent electrode modification material. Several common synthesis strategies of hydrogel-based nanocomposites and their significance as electrochemical modified electrode materials were summarized in this paper. The preparation of hydrogel-based nanocomposites modified electrode and their sensing mechanism for the electrochemical detection were discussed. Finally, the preparation of hydrogel-based nanocomposites and their applications in electrochemical sensors are summarized and prospected, which will have importance to promote the development of electrochemical sensing detection technology.

Food reserves are the “reservoir” and "regulator" for maintaining national food security. Considering multiple factors comprehensively such as the different degrees of self-sufficiency in grain production and population density, this paper selects three countries, namely the United States, Japan, and India, as cases to systematically sort out and compare the management experience and practices of governments in the reserve system, functional positioning, and collaborative mechanism of grain reserves, and summarized the characteristics of government grain reserve management in various countries, which can guide market expectations, stabilize domestic markets. Therefore, it is of great significance to enhance the ability and resilience of reserves to respond to major risks and challenges. To further clarify the logical relationship between various types of government grain reserves in China, and continuously improve the collaborative mechanism of government grain reserve management, this provides valuable optimization ideas for reference.

20 million tons of well-facilitated grain storage granary (WFGSG) will be finished in the 14th Five-year Plan period. Based on the experience of compiling the technical points and regulations, this paper proposed the specific requirements of WFGSG, including excellent building performance, advanced loading and unloading processes, green technology of grain storage, intelligent management, safe and friendly operation, intensive land use. On the basis of the current situation and existing problems, the connotation of high-quality development of grain storage facilities is mainly manifested in five aspects, including high-quality warehouse, advanced equipment, efficient management, reasonable layout, and friendly environment. Taking the construction of WFGSG as an opportunity, promotion to the high-quality development of warehouse facilities provides strong support for improving the modernization level of grain warehouse facilities and the ability to ensure food security, and accelerates the construction in a higher level, higher quality, more efficient, more sustainable food security guarantee system.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of China’s urbanization level, the transfer of agricultural population to cities has stepped up, and the number and scale of grain stored by farmers have shown a significant downward trend. However, the problem of grain postpartum loss caused by improper storage of farmers is still prominent every year. This paper mainly conducts in-depth investigation and analysis on the characteristics, loss rate and loss causes of the front-end storage links of farmers’ grain in China. The study found out that at present, the scale of grain storage of farmers in China is gradually decreasing, but the total scale is still large. The purpose of grain storage of farmers is mostly used for rations and feed grain, and a small amount is to wait for a better time to sell grain. There are regional differences in the number and scale of grain storage of farmers, which is mainly manifested in the fact that the main production area is higher than the production and marketing balance area and the main sales area. The study also found that the loss rate of grain storage in China’s farmers showed a downward trend, and there were significant differences in the loss rate of grain storage among farmers. Due to the poor storage facilities of farmers, improper storage management, weak scientific storage awareness, lack of storage technology and other reasons, the loss of rodents, mildew and pests is large, among which the loss of rodents is the most serious. Finally, the study also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for targeted derogation management.

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi in contaminated food， which can cause acute or chronic poisoning in humans. Therefore， the rapid and accurate detection method for mycotoxins is essential to ensure food safety. Aptamers are short single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules， which， as recognition elements， have the advantages of being specific， stable， and easy to synthesize and modify. Aptasensors have been widely used in mycotoxins detection. This paper summarizes various application examples of aptasensors in mycotoxins detection and provides ideas and methods for realizing the fast， accurate， and efficient detection of mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi under suitable conditions. Mycotoxins not only endanger humans and animals， but also cause immeasurable damage to the agricultural economy. The common mycotoxin detection methods mainly feature large-scale instrument detection， which requires professional laboratory personnel and takes a long time. Emerging immunoassay technologies have the advantages of simple operation， speed， low cost， minimal interference， and the ability to process several samples simultaneously. This paper reviews the development of immunogens and antibodies in several common immunoassay techniques in the recent years and systematically compares the advantages and disadvantages of various immunoassay techniques. This review provides a novel idea for the development of immunoassay technology in mycotoxin detection.

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the development and design of food formulations for special medical purposes to provide a reference for product development and design， registration management， and the clinical use of such products.MethodsWe summarized and analyzed the formulations of formula food for special medical purposes， determined the important aspects of formula development and design， and identified key points for evaluating registration applications.ResultsThe formulation design of formula food for special medical purposes should be based on standards and regulations. The most important thing is to think the formula design as a whole， clinical use shuold be the leading of the formulation design， and attention should be paid to the registration dossiers.ConclusionFormulation design is the most important aspect in the research and development of formula foods for special medical purposes. Attention should be paid to the scientific， rational， and clinical applications of these foods. The administrative department should improve its standards and regulations to ensure they are widely used in clinical practice.