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Currently, there is a growing call for a co-governance approach that includes consumers in food safety governance. To address this, corporations have implemented decentralised digital food traceability systems based on blockchain. Many argue that this technology will lead to enhanced consumer trust in food safety governance through greater consumer engagement. In this regard, this paper examines factors that influence consumer engagement and trust in food safety governance, mobilising interdisciplinary literature from the social sciences, economics and food safety governance. By doing so, it explores the implications of the implementation of blockchain as a means of enhancing consumer trust. The paper raises critical questions on a global scale and offers a social science and wider empirical perspective that has received less attention. To further investigate the effects of blockchain on consumer trust in the food supply chain, it proposes a research agenda that includes theoretical and empirical research.

In order to summarize the evolution of food safety traceability system research in globally, 1369 research paper published in the period of 2004 to 2022 are retrieved using the words: food and traceability from the Web of Science Core Collection database and are test mined for the number of research papers, authors, countries, institutions using statistical and bibliometric indicators. Moreover, data visual analysis is carried out by plotting knowledge maps of keywords. The results show that there has been increasing interest in food research, and the number of publications about food safety traceability exhibits a growth trend. The most studied country is China that has published 331 papers with the H index ranks second. In terms of authorship, the research team mostly works with productive author cooperation in this field with cross-border and cross-regional cooperation. In terms of keywords cooccurrence, Smart contracts, blockchain, the Internet, traceability technology, and information transparency have been the research hotspots in this field in recent years. The research topics gather on the applicability of traceability technology, participation of social subjects, study on food adulteration and origin traceability based on stable isotope ratio and multi-element analysis, and solving the problem of coding confusion.

Food safety hinges on effective detection technology. Traditional methods, while somewhat destructive, also prove time-consuming, inefficient, cumbersome, and subjective. Hence, it is of great significance to explore non-destructive, swift and efficient detection technology for ensuring food safety and quality assessment. Multispectral imaging (MSI), an emerging non-destructive detection technology, features rapidity, non-destructiveness, and objectivity. It introduces a new method for expeditious and non-destructive detection in the food industry. This paper introduces the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and data analysis method of MSI technology and conducts a review of related research on the application of MSI technology at home and abroad in the fields of fruit quality assessment, vegetable grading, meat adulteration and aquatic product spoilage detection. In the end, the paper makes a summary and future outlook on the development of MSI technology in the non-destructive detection of internal and external food quality.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. that mainly contaminates wheat, corn, and other food crops, and has posed serious threats to food safety. Currently, enzymatic detoxification of DON shows promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the latest domestic and international research on the types of biotransformation enzymes, degradation mechanisms, structural features, detoxification enzyme mining strategies, and molecular modifications of DON. Additionally, the paper explored research trends in molecular design of mycotoxin detoxification enzymes assisted by artificial intelligence, which aimed to provide a reference for the development of bio-detoxification technology of DON in food and feed.

Edible mushrooms, including cultivated and wild mushroom, are highly susceptible to absorption and accumulation of metal(loid)s from soils. Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) are typical toxic metal(loid)s in soils, which are readily absorbed by edible mushrooms, transported and enriched via the food chain and finally enters the human body, posing potential risks to food safety. The accumulation and potential risks of As and Hg in edible mushrooms (especially wild mushrooms) have attracted increasing attention, but a systematic review on their pollution characteristics and absorption mechanisms is lacking. Therefore, this paper reviews the concentrations and distribution characteristics (in the cap and stipe) of As and Hg in cultivated and wild mushrooms, with a focus on the accumulation ability, transportation ability and uptake modes (passive adsorption on the cell surface and active uptake within cells), which provides basic information for comparative analysis of differences in As and Hg absorption, enrichment and distribution between cultivated and wild mushrooms, and provide theoretical support for in-depth studies on the process and mechanism of metal(loid)s accumulation in edible mushrooms. This review is of practical significance for the prevention and control of the risk of heavy metals accumulation in edible mushrooms and for protecting the safety of edible mushrooms.

Ultrasonic-assisted thermal treatment, as a mild and effective emerging sterilization technology, has been successfully used to control the microbial safety of various foods. In particular, it has broad application prospects in the field of dairy processing. Ultrasonic provides a unique strategy to dynamically inactivate bacteria, which plays a significant positive role in alleviating the pressure on the dairy supply chain and reducing the economic loss caused by dairy spoilage. This article reviews the research progress that has been made in the past decade on the mechanism behind the ultrasonic-assisted thermal sterilization of Bacillus subtilis in terms of the cavitation effect of ultrasonic, damage to the cell wall and membrane, generation of free radicals and antibacterial substances, and damage to cell metabolism-related enzymes. A new sterilization method for controlling the number of bacteria contaminating dairy products is proposed in this paper, aiming to provide a reference for better research and application of this technology for controlling the contamination of heat-resistant Bacillus during the storage and processing of dairy products, reducing the risk of dairy quality deterioration caused by the residue of heat-resistant Bacillus, and ensuring the quality and safety of dairy products during its shelf life.

Foodborne pathogens are one of the important factors affecting food safety. Efficient and rapid detection technology of foodborne pathogens is particularly important to ensure food safety. Among the rapid detection methods of foodborne pathogens, molecular biology technology has been widely used because of its advantages of strong specificity, high accuracy, and fast detection speed. This paper introduces the application of various molecular biological techniques in the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), nuclear acid sequence-based amplification (NAS-BA), recombinase polymerase amplification (PRA), recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA), and gene chip (GC). The application status, application scope and existing problems of these technologies are also analyzed and summarized to provide theoretical reference for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in the future.

ObjectiveThis paper analyzes the key concerns of the European union （EU） in the field of food and summarizes the problems of food quality and safety in China and the measures to be taken based on the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed （RASFF） notifications to the public on food safety in China from 2019 to 2021.MethodsSummarizing the situation of the EU RASFF notification to China in 2019—2021， Classification statistical analysis was carried out from five analysis dimensions， including notification type， notification country， product type， hazard type， notification type and hazard type correlation analysis.ResultsIn 2021， the EU RASFF notified 158 cases of food to China， accounting for 50.16% of notifications to China. The three types of products notified accounted for a higher percentage： fruits and vegetables （29 cases）， fish and its products （16 cases）， herbs and spices （16 cases）. Four types of hazards， such as pesticide residues， food additives and flavorings， industrial pollutants， and mycotoxins， accounted for a relatively high proportion. The problem of ethylene oxide exceeding the standard exists in some food categories in China， but China’s relevant studies on the exposure of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol in food were less， and the national standards for detection methods and limits in food had not yet been established. Among the border rejection types of notification， pesticide residues （20 cases）， mycotoxins （5 cases）， pathogenic microorganisms （4 cases） and other hazard factors accounted for a relatively high percentage.ConclusionThis paper summarizes the EU RASFF notification of China’s food safety situation exported to Europe， in order to reduce the occurrence of similar situations， and provide reference for China’s market supervision departments and export food enterprises.

In addition to containing rich nutrients and biologically active substances, the pulses contain phytic acid, saponins, trypsin inhibitors, lectins and other anti-nutritional factors, which have multiple types and entail complex detection processes, with different detection capabilities required. In certain treatment methods, their structures can be destroyed, and their content can be lowered, furthermore, the nutrients in pulses can be preserved to the maximum extent during processing. This paper evaluates the detection methods of anti-nutritional factors in detail, analyzes and compares the advantages, disadvantages, applicability and sensitivity of different detection methods, and introduces the principles, processes, inhibition effects, advantages and disadvantages of several common anti-nutritional factor elimination methods, focuses mainly on heat treatment. This study aims to provide some references for the analytical method selection, improvement and control of anti-nutritional factors in pulses.

Compared with the inspection， the sampling work directly faces the food producers and operators， which is more likely to be challenged and even raise objections in terms of standardization， representativeness， impartiality， randomness and timeliness. With the in-depth development of food safety sampling inspection， the requirements for the sampling team increased gradually. This paper discusses the construction of specialized and professional sampling team from the aspects of personnel， management， principle， reward and punishment in order to provide more ideas for relevant work. Through literature collection and comprehensive analysis， this paper combs the current situation and possible problems of China’s food safety sampling team， and proposes the targeted measures. Referring to the construction requirements of food inspection team， clarifying the qualification conditions， establishing the information base of sampling personnel， strengthening assessment and evaluation， and unifying supervision and management can effectively improve the professional skills， responsibility and professional pride of sampling team， and improve the quality and effectiveness of sampling work.

Nitrite is commonly found in meat products, pickles, vegetables and other foods. Due to its toxicity the excessive ingestion of nitrite will harm to human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to apply a fast and reliable method to detect nitrite in food. This paper summarizes the pretreatment methods of food stuffs before detection, and reviews the common methods and the latest research progress of nitrite detection in food at home and abroad in recent years. The principle, detection limit, advantages and disadvantages of analysis of nitrite in food stuffs by spectrophotometry, chromatography, chemiluminescence methods, electrochemical methods and titration analysis methods are summarized in this paper. This paper aims to provide a reference for the scientific and accurate detection of nitrite in various foods.

Building an intelligent supervision system through information technology for quality and safety of food contact materials and products is one important measure to promote the precision supervision and improve supervision efficiency. In this paper, the development of intelligent supervision in the current smart society is studied, and the current supervision modes and situation of food contact materials and products in China are analyzed. Based on this, this paper gives out the smart regulatory system framework construction suggestion for quality and safety of food contact materials and products, and provides the reference for government departments to supervise the quality and safety of food contact materials and products under new situations.

Food is vital to the people, and safety comes first in food. Food safety is crucial to people's livelihood, economic development, and social stability. It represents people's aspiration for a better life and grabs great public attention. In recent years, while China has achieved significant progress in food safety, the situation remains severe, with incidents such as excessive residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs, as well as illegal addition of toxic and harmful substances. As an important technical support for ensuring food safety, food safety inspection and testing institutions also exhibit a mixed bag of performance. Problems such as inadequate personnel management, improper use of facilities and equipment, weak legal awareness resulting in issuance of false reports have frequently occurred, seriously disrupting the normal order of the inspection and testing market and affecting the authority and accuracy of food safety testing. Based on the capacity verification of inspection and testing organizations in Zhejiang Province in recent years, this paper studies the typical problems faced by food inspection and testing institutions in terms of management level and testing capabilities, analyzes the root causes in depth, and proposes specific strategies from three aspects: Strengthening the main responsibility of inspection and testing institutions, combining regulatory departments with supervision and guidance, and enhancing industry self-discipline, aiming to continuously improve their inspection and testing capabilities, promote the high-quality development of food inspection and testing institutions, and effectively ensure the safety of every bite of food.

Food traceability is an important means to ensure food quality and safety. For the purpose of providing a reference for future research on food traceability in China, a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of papers concerning global food traceability included in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database from 2001 to 2022 was performed. The results showed that 3 020 authors from 1 136 research institutions in 80 countries/regions published their research on food traceability in 255 journals, indicating frequent cross-national and cross-regional cooperation and cross-disciplinary integration. China, Italy, the United States, Spain, the Netherlands produced a large volume of research and built strong cooperation. The overall quality of food traceability research in Italy, the United States, the Netherlands, and Spain was high. The research fields were concentrated in food science and technology, chemistry, agriculture, and engineering. Additionally, many research achievements were made in the fields of computer science, ecology and environmental science, nutrition and dietetics. The research focuses included food quality and safety, food supply chain management, geographical origin, traceability technology, food authentication and certification, and willingness to pay. In the future, the academic frontier will focus on three aspects: intelligent food traceability system based on Industry 4.0, food authentication and detection technology represented by genomics and next-generation sequencing technology, and the mechanisms of the motivation of participants, interest game and premium payment in food traceability system.

Based on Raman scattering phenomenon, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （SERS） detection technology enhances "fingerprint" information of tested substance by adsorbing it on the surface of SERS substrate to achieve trace detection. With the advantages of simple pre-processing, high sensitivity, simple operation, real-time non-destructive detection on site and so on, SERS analysis technology has attracted much attention in food safety rapid detection. The characteristics and limitations of various types of SERS substrates were introduced. The recent research on SERS detection technology in food safety detection was summarized in detail. Finally, this paper discussed the challenges of its commercial application, and prospected the future development.

In this paper, the food safety supervision and inspection approaches, workflows, inspection methods, inspection equipment, inspection contents and requirements on the inspectors which are adopted by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States are compared, and the existing problems in China's food safety supervision and inspection work are analyzed. Based on the comparison and analysis, this paper puts forward suggestions on constructing a modern food safety inspection system and provides a reference for building up a modern food safety supervision and inspection system and technologies of a new era, which is in line with China's national conditions.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials are used in biosensors due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which have many advantages in the development of biosensors, such as improving the response speed, improving the detection sensitivity, shortening the detection time and simplifying the operation procedure. In recent years, they have shown great application prospects in the field of food safety detection and have gradually become a hot research topic. Based on an analysis of the application of two-dimensional nanomaterials including graphene, graphene alkyne, and graphene-like materials in the field of analytical sensing, this paper reviews the progress that has been made in the past five year in the application of two-dimensional nanomaterials in the detection of organic pollutants in foods, food additives, foodborne pathogens and heavy metals, and also presents an outlook on future prospects. This review is expected to provide ideas and theoretical references for researchers.

Developed countries and regions had been the main source of imported food for China in the past. However, as China attached great importance to the diversification of food import sources, the importance of countries along the 'Belt and Road' (B&R) was growing. There was less research on the new changes and challenges the diversified sources of imported foods would bring to China's food safety. This paper compared the quantity and types of imported foods from developed countries and regions and countries along the B&R from 2013 to 2021, as well as the reasons for rejected imported foods. The results showed that from 2013 to 2021, the proportion of imported foods from developed countries and regions decreased from 45.20% to 43.31%, while that from countries along the B&R increased from 17.89% to 22.38%. By comparing the rejections of imported foods from the two sources from 2013 to 2021, it was found that the prevention and control level of microbial, animal and plant diseases in countries along the B&R was weaker than that of developed countries and regions. However, developed countries and regions still had advantages in providing high-grade food, and might continue to play an important role in China's imported food trade in the future. The results of this study can provide reference for China to address the challenges brought by the diversification of imported food.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi under suitable conditions. Mycotoxins not only endanger humans and animals， but also cause immeasurable damage to the agricultural economy. The common mycotoxin detection methods mainly feature large-scale instrument detection， which requires professional laboratory personnel and takes a long time. Emerging immunoassay technologies have the advantages of simple operation， speed， low cost， minimal interference， and the ability to process several samples simultaneously. This paper reviews the development of immunogens and antibodies in several common immunoassay techniques in the recent years and systematically compares the advantages and disadvantages of various immunoassay techniques. This review provides a novel idea for the development of immunoassay technology in mycotoxin detection.

With the current criminal compliance pilot, how to apply it correctly in the field of food safety is a new research direction. Starting from the criminal behavior of substantive law, this paper probes into the rationality of applying compliance non-prosecution in food production and operation enterprises, and through the analysis of the application of criminal compliance non-prosecution, puts forward the measures for applying the system in the field of food safety.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combines the advantages of efficient and rapid gas chromatography and accurate identification by mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been widely used in the separation and analysis of volatile components in food recently. This paper reviewed the application progress of GC in food analysis, introduces the separation mechanism of GC, the types of GC columns and the classification of detectors. The application progress of GC-MS in food analysis was reviewed, and the separation process of gas chromatography, the classification of chromatographic columns and the classification of detectors were introduced. Moreover, the applications of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in food nutrition, food safety and food traceability were discussed in detail with specific examples.

Under the background of the new era, the traditional food safety risk management model has exposed its fragility and shortcomings. It is necessary to explore the long-term management mechanism of food safety risk management. From the perspective of resilience governance, the framework of resilience governance of food safety risk is constructed, and the multiple consistency of resilience governance and food safety risk governance in terms of value, subject and mechanism is further analyzed. Finally, under the guidance of resilience governance, this paper puts forward a practical path to build a multi-dimensional coordination mechanism, intelligent governance operation mechanism and public participation mechanism for food safety risk governance.

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the development and design of food formulations for special medical purposes to provide a reference for product development and design， registration management， and the clinical use of such products.MethodsWe summarized and analyzed the formulations of formula food for special medical purposes， determined the important aspects of formula development and design， and identified key points for evaluating registration applications.ResultsThe formulation design of formula food for special medical purposes should be based on standards and regulations. The most important thing is to think the formula design as a whole， clinical use shuold be the leading of the formulation design， and attention should be paid to the registration dossiers.ConclusionFormulation design is the most important aspect in the research and development of formula foods for special medical purposes. Attention should be paid to the scientific， rational， and clinical applications of these foods. The administrative department should improve its standards and regulations to ensure they are widely used in clinical practice.

Food safety is closely related to life and health, and the issues of food safety are related to people’s livelihood plan. Although the legal system of food safety in China has been gradually improved and the system of punitive damages has been established, it is not yet complete. The food safety punitive damages system defects and future improvement of the path are discussed in this article. This paper clarifies the nature and function of the punitive damages system for food safety, and discusses several key problems existing in this system. At present, there are some problems in the punitive compensation system of food safety in China, such as the unclear definition of the concept of the subjective elements, the unreasonable setting of the compensation amount, and the unclear subject status. As a result, there is no unified standard in judicial practice, and there are many phenomena of different judgments in the same case, which affects the function of this system. Therefore, this paper discusses the way to improve the punitive damages system of food safety as well as analyzes the system defects, proposes three main corresponding recommendations.

As a member of the European Union, Portugal is always a leader in food safety management. Portugal exerts strong government supervision over food safety, gives full play to the regulatory role of non-governmental bodies in the food safety chain, and ensures food safety in an all-round way through efficient industry associations, strict enterprise autonomy and diverse consumer supervision, thereby effectively improving the food safety level in the country. In this paper, the food safety governance mode of Portugal is introduced from three aspects: the government, industries and consumers. At the government level, the Economic and Food Safety Administration (ASAE) is the only competent department of food safety governance in Portugal, which has a clear division of labor with other government organizations and performs its duties, providing a solid institutional guarantee for food safety in Portugal. At the industry level, Portugal has established mature industry associations with diverse responsibilities to make up for the government’s deficiencies in food safety governance and Portuguese food enterprises have been able to ensure food safety in the whole production process through the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system. At the consumer side, the Portuguese Consumer Protection Association, a non-profit private-owned public welfare organization completely independent of the government, speaks for consumers and defends their rights. This provides a good paradigm for the transformation of food safety governance in China from traditional single government governance to social co-governance, which is of reference significance.

With the improvement of people's living standards and health awareness, the safety of animal-derived food has attracted worldwide attention. Chemical contamination (melamine, veterinary drug residues, food additive residues, etc.) and pathogenic microorganisms are the primary causes of food safety issues in animal-derived food products, potentially threatening human health and socioeconomic development. Therefore, it is essential to establish rapid detection methods for animal-derived food safety. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the advantages of rapid detection, good selectivity, and high sensitivity. It has shown great application potential in food safety, which has become one of the research hotspots. This paper reviews the application of SERS in the safety of animal-derived food detection and comprehensively introduces the use of SERS to detect melamine, foodborne pathogens, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, and food additives. Furthermore, it prospects the application of SERS technology in rapid residue detection, which would be believed to provide valuable insights into the field of SERS-based food safety evaluation.

The technology of Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering and traceability, and it is applied to the traceability of green food, it helps to solve the quality and safety problems of Information asymmetry and untrustworthy green food. However, with the development of the network and complexity of the green food supply chain, more and more traceability information is needed. In this paper, the blockchain side chain is introduced to build a credible platform for the traceability of green food with multi-chain on the main chain. The main chain is enlarged by the side chain to improve its storage capacity, and the Bloom filter modified Bmerkle tree is used to improve the efficiency of traceability queries. Finally, the running process of traceability platform is analyzed by taking specific green food as an example. The construction of trusted main-side multi-chain traceability platform can eliminate the Information asymmetry in complex supply chain network, ensure the authenticity of traceability information, and enhance consumer confidence in green food. At the same time, it can expand the storage capacity of single chain, improve the efficiency of traceability query and protect the privacy of private data. And it is hoped to provide reference for the application of block chain technology in traceability system.

This paper summarized the sampling results of food safety supervision issued by Henan Provincial Administration for Market Regulation in 2021, and analyzed them from multiple dimensions such as food category, unqualified items, sampling areas, packaging type, time, etc, so as to find out food safety risks and provide a reference for the regulatory authorities. It was found that among a total of 73918 batches of inspected food samples, 1417 batches were unqualified, with an overall qualified rate of 98.08%. The inspected samples covered 32 food categories in total. The qualified rates of 10 categories, including roasted seeds and nuts, frozen drinks, catering food, edible agricultural products, convenience food and so on, were lower than the overall qualified rate of 98.08%. The main risk indicators were excessive residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, microbial contamination, unqualified quality index and excessive use of food additives, accounting for 88.08% of the total number of unqualified items. The unqualified rate in the fourth quarter was significantly higher than that in the first three quarters. The unqualified rate of bulk foods was higher than that of prepackaged foods. In 2021, the overall situation of food safety in Henan Province was good, but there were still varying degrees of risks in some categories and indicators. It was suggested to strengthen the supervision of high-risk categories, indicators, as well as enterprises with frequent problems, and enhance source management.

Tyramine (TYR) is a bioactive organic compound with low molecular weight containing nitrogen. It is found in fermented or preserved foods, aged cheeses, beer, fruits, cured meats and dried meats, and is a by-product of microbial activities. It will produce greater harm to the human body, when the concentration is high. Therefore, sensitive and rapid detection of TYR content in food and control of its generation and accumulation is a hot issue concerned by the food industry. Current techniques for accurate detection of TYR include polymerase chain reaction technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but both suffer from long detection cycle and cumbersome operation, which are not suitable for rapid detection of TYR in the field. The imprinted polymers prepared by molecular imprinting technology are highly selective and specific for the target with high stability, and have a wide range of applications, and thus are favored by researchers at home and abroad. In this paper, the preparation methods of tyramine-molecularly imprinted materials are introduced, including bulk polymerization, in-situ polymerization, sol-gel method and electrochemical polymerization. The latest research progress of molecularly imprinted technique for TYR detection in food in recent years is reviewed, such as the combination with solid-phase extraction, electrochemical sensors, fluorescent sensors and mass sensors and the future development prospects of molecular imprinting technology in the detection of TYR are prospected, which provides a certain basis for future research work.

As a common bulking agent and stabilizer for residents, aluminum-containing food additives have a comprehensive application scenario. However, it is noteworthy that the abuse of aluminum-containing food additives may cause a potential health risk to the public. Taking aluminum-containing food additives as the research object, the paper systematically discusses the basic characteristics of aluminum-containing food additives, detection technology of aluminum-containing food additives, and monitoring of food aluminum content, and summarizes the current problems for each part.

With the increase of risk factors in urban governance in China, traditional fresh food market has become a vulnerable part. In order to avoid the outbreak of public health crisis caused by traditional fresh food, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the public health risks inherent in it, so as to improve the ability of public health risk management of urban government in China. From the perspective of vulnerability theory, this paper analyzes the public health risks of traditional fresh food market, and discusses the vulnerability of traditional fresh food market in nature, society, management and technical system. On this basis, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the potential and secondary risks of the traditional fresh food market in China under the fragile system environment.

Food safety is essential to national economy and people's livelihood. A good food safety system is extremely important for maintaining social stability and providing scientific data for government decision. Big data provides a new approach to food safety. Through the integration of the data in the whole industrial chain, it will greatly improve the data analysis ability and help in discovering the potential valuable information. It could provide scientific decision-making suggestions for regulators, producers and consumers. It will provide a solution for timely warning of food safety incidents, the accurate traceability and accountability of food products. This paper will briefly introduce some existing big data platforms in food safety area. Then, it will discuss the challenges such as multi-sources data analysis, visualization and market mechanism. At the end of this paper, the future development trend of big data in food safety area is discussed.

This paper reviews the structure and stability of triplex nucleic acid, the progress of triplex nucleic acid-based fluorescence, electrochemical, colorimetric platform in detecting food borne hazards, and discusses the challenges and future development prospect of triplex nucleic acid-based detection technology in food safety field.

ObjectiveWhile reviewing the notification of sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS） measures in China in the past 10 years and carrying out relevant research on the notification of SPS measures in China， the shortages in the implementation of SPS notification transparency work were analyzed， and suggestions were put forward for further improving the SPS transparency work， which can provide reference for further strengthening the notification of SPS measures in China and better fulfilling the obligation of transparency.MethodsChina’s SPS notification from 2012 to 2021 was obtained from the SPS Information Management System developed by the WTO Secretariat. This paper made a statistical analysis on the number of SPS notifications， different types of SPS notifications and notification measures from 2012 to 2021 in China by further collation， summary and translation. And the notification of SPS measures of China’s major trading partners was obtained through the system.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021， China notified the WTO/SPS secretariat of 743 SPS measures， including 736 regular notifications， 5 emergency notifications and 2 supplement notifications. In terms of areas involved， 443 items were notified of SPS national standards on National Food Safety Standards related to food additives.ConclusionChina has fulfilled the WTO/SPS transparency obligation， while there are still some problems such as the subsequent changes were not notified in a timely manner. The transparency of WTO/SPS should be further strengthened and improved in the future.

This paper takes the establishment of the national food safety standard system for food contact materials （FCM） as the mainline， combined with the role of FCM risk monitoring， risk assessment and related basic research， to demonstrate the achievements of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment in the safety management of FCM in the past ten years since its establishment. The current shortcomings for the safety management of FCM are analyzed， and the follow-up work directions are proposed.

There are many kinds of chemical hazards in food， and their contents are generally at trace and ultra trace levels. Because the food matrix is complex， it is very important to select appropriate sample preparation techniques to obtain reliable detection results at low concentration level. According to the detection needs of different types of compounds and the characteristics and analysis purposes of different food matrices， this paper discusses the selection of sample preparation technique based on the experience in the development of sample preparation methods for food chemical hazards in the recent 10 years. A practical sample preparation method selection strategy based on "food matrix" and "target analyte" is proposed. And the progress of cutting-edge technique is reviewed. In addition， on the basis of application examples， suggestions on the development of sample preparation methods are put forward to provide references for grassroots technicians to select reliable sample preparation methods.

Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen widely existing in nature， which can cause human food poisoning， gastroenteritis， septicemia and other diseases， seriously endangering human health. Therefore， rapid and accurate detection methods for Salmonella are important to prevent and control Salmonella disease. The immunological technology， molecular biology technology and biosensor technology in the application of detecting foodborne Salmonella are analyzed in this paper. Advantages and disadvantages of different detection techniques are expounded to offer reference for developing rapid detection methods of foodborne Salmonella.

The supervision sampling efficiency of food safety is an important index to measure the ability of the government to find problem food and problem enterprises in the supervision and sampling process. It is of great significance to scientifically measure the efficiency of food safety supervision and random inspection to improve the government's supervision efficiency and consolidate the food safety strategy. Based on the internal logical relationship between the unqualified rate of random sampling and the unqualified rate of supervision sampling, this paper systematically constructs a method to measure the efficiency of food safety supervision and sampling, and makes a quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of food safety supervision and sampling in China by using the data of 30 kinds of processed food supervision and sampling at 30 provincial levels. The results show that the overall level of supervision sampling efficiency of food safety in China from 2017 to 2019 is seriously low, and there are some inter provincial differences. Specifically, from 2017 to 2019, China’s average supervision sampling efficiency of food safety was only 0.8056, 0.8493 and 0.8673 respectively. Among them, the average annual growth rate of supervision sampling efficiency of 10 regions was negative. The number of regions with high and higher supervision sampling efficiency was less than 10, and gradually concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. Therefore, it is suggested that when carrying out food safety supervision and sampling, the government should earnestly adhere to the problem oriented principle and effectively improve the supervision sampling efficiency.

In recent years, ozone technology has shown good results in the degradation of pesticide residues, and is considered a green treatment technology as it does not cause secondary pollution to fruits and vegetables. Its application methods are mainly fumigation and immersion. This paper reviews the effects of ozone fumigation and ozone water immersion on the degradation of many pesticides commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Then the comparison of the two methods and the factors in the effect of ozone, including gas-phase temperature and humidity, water temperature, ozone bubble size and pH are introduced. These provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of ozone technology for the degradation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables.

Immunochromatographic Test Strip (ICTS), a detection technology based on capillary column chromatography and specific immune interaction between antibody and antigen, is widely utilized in the field of rapid detection of food safety detection due to its cost-effectiveness, easy operation, non-professional personnel, short assay time, high specificity and naked eye visualization. Conventional spherical gold nanoparticles-based ICTS is the most common detection method. However, the conventional ICTS can help achieve simple qualitative or semiquantitative analysis, its low sensitivity is an obstacle to meet the current detection requirements. Therefore, there has been a growing interest focusing on the signal amplification method to improve the sensitivity of ICTS devices. This paper summarizes signal amplification strategies to enhance the sensitivity of ICTS and proposes the future perspectives, which provides technical references for the development of rapid detection methods for food safety.

Foodborne pathogens are the main factors affecting food quality and safety. Timely and accurate strain typing data enable rapid detection of outbreak clusters, informing ongoing infection control and public health responses, which are important for preventing the outbreak of foodborne disease. In recent years, great progress has been made in various bacterial typing methods. This paper reviews typing techniques against foodborn bacterial pathogens, including serotyping, phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, Repetitive-element PCR (Rep-PCR), infrequent restriction site PCR (IRS-PCR), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), single nucleotide polymorphism, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The principles of the different techniques are described with the condition in which they are applicable, and a comparative analysis of the traceability typing ability is discussed to provide epidemiological surveillance programmers for foodborne pathogens.

The standard system of food safety inspection and detection method is an important support for the scientific supervision of food safety. During the 13th Five-year Plan, with the support of the special key project of "Research and Development of Key Technologies for Food Safety" , a total of 377 inspection and testing standards have been developed, which would play a positive role in further improving China's scientific supervision ability of food safety. This paper systematicly combs the food safety inspection and testing method that are planned to be included or have been included in the standard developed by National Key Reaearch Priorities Program of China during the 13th Five-year Plan "Research of Key Technologies for Food Safety" , including 8 areas: Pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, heavy metal pollutants, mycotoxins, food contact materials, non edible substances, processing or endogenous toxic and harmful substances, illegal additives and food adulterants. Opinions and suggestions on food safety standardization and scientific and technological work are also put forward, which are expected to provide reference for the development and management of food safety standards in the future.

As an important part of modern food safety governance system, food safety risk early warning fully embodies the scientific principle of "prevention first, risk management, whole process control and social co governance". This paper focuses on how to use effective data collection and data analysis strategies to achieve food safety risk early warning through monitoring, analysis, evaluation and other ways, so as to support government supervision with a more scientific and accurate food risk data management and evaluation system.

Bacillus cereus is a common foodborne pathogen that can cause food poisoning in infants, students and adults by contaminating foods such as dairy products, rice, cooked meat and soybean products. The use of accurate and efficient Bacillus cereus detection method is the key to the prevention of foodborne Bacillus cereus disease and food safety quality control. Detection method of Bacillus cereus mainly including bacterial culture isolation and identification, immunological detection and nucleic acid detection. This paper summarizes the core technical features and application examples of each type of detection method, and provides ideas for the development and use of rapid detection method for foodborne Bacillus cereus.

Objective To understand the prevalence, drug resistance, and virulence gene distribution of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus in northwestern Hubei Province. Methods A total of 303 food samples were collected from Xiangyang City, Shiyan City, and Suizhou City of Hubei Province for Staphylococcus aureus screening. Toxic genes and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected with PCR method. The drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was determined with K-B paper diffusion method. Results Staphylococcus aureus strain was determined from 41 samples with the positive rate of 13.53%. Among them, the highest detection rate was from raw meat products (23.91%, 22/92). Among the enterotoxigenic strains, the strain carrying sea was the most common, accounting for 87.80% (36/41). The strains carrying eta and tst accounted for 97.56% (40/41) and 7.32% (3/41), respectively. Strains carrying three or more enterotoxin genes accounted for 17.07% (7/41). 2.44% (1/41) of strains carry eta and tst simultaneously. The drug susceptibility result showed that the penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline accounted for 78.05% (32/41), 43.90% (18/41), 31.71% (13/41) and 21.95% (9/41) respectively. The mecA gene test showed that 19.51% (8/41) of the strains were MRSA strains. Conclusion Foodborne Staphylococcus aureus in northwestern Hubei Province had a higher detection rate, toxic gene carring rate, and multiple drug resistance. Related departments need to strengthen food safety monitoring to control the spread of the strain.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, food safety issues have been highly valued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council and the situation of food safety has continued to improve in China. But the uncertainty of unknown food safety risks is still increasing. The outbreaks of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia happened nationwide in 2020 warned that we should strengthen ability of early identification and warning of major risks and develop mechanisms in food safety work. The present paper mainly studies the issues of institutional guarantees, operating mechanisms, and capacity building on food risk rapid identification and alert system. And some advice on strengthening this system are proposed.

This paper analyzes the driving factors and constructive measures of collaborative governance of food safety in Canada, and finds that it has relatively perfect measures on establishing the internal cooperation mechanism of the government, emphasize the autonomous ability of the industry associations and strengthening the international partnership, which effectively improves the Canadian food safety level. It is suggested that China could further promote the construction of food safety governance system by improving inter-governmental coordination, transforming the government’s support for industry associations and promoting international regulatory cooperation.