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ObjectiveThis paper analyzes the key concerns of the European union （EU） in the field of food and summarizes the problems of food quality and safety in China and the measures to be taken based on the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed （RASFF） notifications to the public on food safety in China from 2019 to 2021.MethodsSummarizing the situation of the EU RASFF notification to China in 2019—2021， Classification statistical analysis was carried out from five analysis dimensions， including notification type， notification country， product type， hazard type， notification type and hazard type correlation analysis.ResultsIn 2021， the EU RASFF notified 158 cases of food to China， accounting for 50.16% of notifications to China. The three types of products notified accounted for a higher percentage： fruits and vegetables （29 cases）， fish and its products （16 cases）， herbs and spices （16 cases）. Four types of hazards， such as pesticide residues， food additives and flavorings， industrial pollutants， and mycotoxins， accounted for a relatively high proportion. The problem of ethylene oxide exceeding the standard exists in some food categories in China， but China’s relevant studies on the exposure of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol in food were less， and the national standards for detection methods and limits in food had not yet been established. Among the border rejection types of notification， pesticide residues （20 cases）， mycotoxins （5 cases）， pathogenic microorganisms （4 cases） and other hazard factors accounted for a relatively high percentage.ConclusionThis paper summarizes the EU RASFF notification of China’s food safety situation exported to Europe， in order to reduce the occurrence of similar situations， and provide reference for China’s market supervision departments and export food enterprises.

Compared with the inspection， the sampling work directly faces the food producers and operators， which is more likely to be challenged and even raise objections in terms of standardization， representativeness， impartiality， randomness and timeliness. With the in-depth development of food safety sampling inspection， the requirements for the sampling team increased gradually. This paper discusses the construction of specialized and professional sampling team from the aspects of personnel， management， principle， reward and punishment in order to provide more ideas for relevant work. Through literature collection and comprehensive analysis， this paper combs the current situation and possible problems of China’s food safety sampling team， and proposes the targeted measures. Referring to the construction requirements of food inspection team， clarifying the qualification conditions， establishing the information base of sampling personnel， strengthening assessment and evaluation， and unifying supervision and management can effectively improve the professional skills， responsibility and professional pride of sampling team， and improve the quality and effectiveness of sampling work.

ObjectiveTo provide a scientific basis for optimizing the registration and regulation， disease/medical states with a high clinical need for specific whole-nutrient foods for special medical purposes （FSMP-S） were identified.MethodsA core outcome set construction method was used in this study. A systematic review was conducted to determine the list of diseases/medical states that could be supported by FSMP-S. Then， a list of diseases/medical states with high clinical demand for FSMP-S was selected through the Delphi method and face-to-face consensus meetings， and optimization suggestions for classifying the FSMP-S were proposed.ResultsA total of 27 studies were identified， and 103 diseases/medical states with FSMP-S intervention were obtained from 5，984 papers in Chinese and English. Forty-seven physicians and dietitians from 3A hospitals participated in two rounds of Delphi surveys， after which 23 diseases/medical states were recognized as having high clinical demand for FSMP-S. The consensus meeting narrowed the scope of the FSMP-S to a high clinical need of 11 diseases/medical states. Finally， a “1+1” optimization strategy was proposed to add nutritional metabolic characteristics to the classification method for FSMP-S.ConclusionThe “1+1” strategy could optimize the classification of FSMP-S from the perspective of clinical application requirements； however， its feasibility remains undemonstrated.

Recently， the analysis of animal- and plant-derived components， mainly based on the adulteration and smuggling of meat products and genetically modified crops， has been a key focus in the field of food safety. Therefore， the requirement for analytical methods has been increasingly emphasized. Recombinase isothermal amplification is a novel and promising detection technique that currently includes recombinase polymerase amplification （RPA） and recombinase-aided amplification （RAA）. This technique has been widely used in animal- and plant-derived component analysis and other detection and analysis fields owing to its speed， convenience， and high sensitivity and specificity. This paper summarizes relevant research conducted locally and abroad in recent years and concludes with an analysis of various detection methods. It also generalizes the characteristics and applications of RPA/RAA technology in four aspects： primer-probe design， external factors， reaction devices， and detection methods， and lays out the prospects for RPA/RAA development trends. Finally， this study also provides a reference for improving the analysis and detection methods of animal- and plant-derived components and promoting RPA/RAA technology.

ObjectiveTo infer the relationship between bisphenol A （BPA） exposure and adverse health effects in humans， the human epidemiological data of BPA was evaluated by the weight of evidence approach.MethodsBased on the weight of evidence approach， the human epidemiological research articles on BPA published between 2013 and 2020 were systematically searched， screened and classified. The selected articles were evaluated following the guidelines of evaluating the relevance and reliability of toxicological data developed by the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment. The hazard assessment was performed based on different endpoints.ResultsA total of 188 papers were obtained screening from 134 897 records， of which 68 papers were evaluated as “A/B” or “B” in terms of relevance， and the rest were evaluated as “C”. Only the studies with the relevance evaluation grade of “A/B” or “B” were evaluated for reliability， of which 6 studies were evaluated as “high” reliability and 62 studies were evaluated as “medium” reliability. The endpoints of toxicological effects should include metabolic， reproductive and developmental， neurological， immunological and cardiovascular effects. However， the effect indicators across studies lacked consistency due to study population， exposure duration and indicator design.ConclusionBased on the available evidence of human epidemiological data， the relationship between BPA exposure and adverse health effects in humans is not yet clear.

Dicyclohexyl phthalate （DCHP） is a phthalic acid esters. It has been widely used in plastic processing and as a component in printing ink， paints， coatings， adhesives， and so on. DCHP can be detected in food， water， soil， air and dust. The application and management of DCHP was introduced， and its pollution characteristics based on existing research at home and abroad was described in this paper. And the research progress of DCHP’s metabolic processes in vivo and the hazard of liver， reproductive system， endocrine system and related mechanisms were further elaborated. And the existing problems and further research directions will be discussed.

Freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juice， freshly ground coffee， new tea and other freshly made beverages are very popular among consumers. However， due to the loose quality control of raw materials and non-standard processing operation， the risk of microbial contamination exists in the freshly made beverages. This paper summarizes the status of microbiological pollution in the present system beverage and the current situation of industry supervision， analyzes the causes of microbiological pollution in the process of the present system beverage， finds out the key control points and proposes the intervention measures， in order to promote the healthy development of the present system beverage industry.

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi in contaminated food， which can cause acute or chronic poisoning in humans. Therefore， the rapid and accurate detection method for mycotoxins is essential to ensure food safety. Aptamers are short single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules， which， as recognition elements， have the advantages of being specific， stable， and easy to synthesize and modify. Aptasensors have been widely used in mycotoxins detection. This paper summarizes various application examples of aptasensors in mycotoxins detection and provides ideas and methods for realizing the fast， accurate， and efficient detection of mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi under suitable conditions. Mycotoxins not only endanger humans and animals， but also cause immeasurable damage to the agricultural economy. The common mycotoxin detection methods mainly feature large-scale instrument detection， which requires professional laboratory personnel and takes a long time. Emerging immunoassay technologies have the advantages of simple operation， speed， low cost， minimal interference， and the ability to process several samples simultaneously. This paper reviews the development of immunogens and antibodies in several common immunoassay techniques in the recent years and systematically compares the advantages and disadvantages of various immunoassay techniques. This review provides a novel idea for the development of immunoassay technology in mycotoxin detection.

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the development and design of food formulations for special medical purposes to provide a reference for product development and design， registration management， and the clinical use of such products.MethodsWe summarized and analyzed the formulations of formula food for special medical purposes， determined the important aspects of formula development and design， and identified key points for evaluating registration applications.ResultsThe formulation design of formula food for special medical purposes should be based on standards and regulations. The most important thing is to think the formula design as a whole， clinical use shuold be the leading of the formulation design， and attention should be paid to the registration dossiers.ConclusionFormulation design is the most important aspect in the research and development of formula foods for special medical purposes. Attention should be paid to the scientific， rational， and clinical applications of these foods. The administrative department should improve its standards and regulations to ensure they are widely used in clinical practice.

With the acceleration of the pace of life， increasing demand from consumers， and improvements in the supply chain， “prepared foods” have become popular in China’s food industry. The prepared foods industry has experienced rapid expansion， encompassing a wide variety of food types. This paper reviews the relevant standards of prepared foods， analyzes potential food safety risk factors， and provides a basis for enhancing the management of food safety in the prepared foods industry， to promote its healthy and sustainable development.

Inspection method standard is an important part of food safety standard system, the paper mainly explains intension of food safety inspection method standard, introduces the status quo and existing problems of physical and chemical, microbial, toxicology, parasite method standard and basic inspection method standard. The paper puts forward suggestions from the aspects of improving the applicability of inspection method standard, strengthening the ability of technical management of inspection method and standards, strengthening the fundamental research and international communication and cooperation, and building a comprehensive, multi-level and holistic inspection method system.

Displaying calories and other nutritional information on restaurant menus is an effective measure to prevent obesity， which plays an essential role in innovating the food environment and promoting healthy eating. Nutrition labeling of catering food has not been widely developed in China. The main influencing factors are insufficient implementation， the willingness of the operator， incomplete basic data， and insufficient technical capabilities. This paper aims to provide the theoretical basis for promoting nutrition labeling of catering food.

Intestinal microecology is the most complex and dominant microecological system in human and animals. Bifidobacterium is a probiotic that exists in the intestinal microecology and presents potential applications in several disease areas， such as prevention and control of obesity and metabolic syndrome. It has become a hot spot of research in many fields， such as food supplements and health food. Bifidobacterium can regulate rat Gut microbiota and protect intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating diet structure and energy intake， Gut microbiota microenvironment， microorganism gut brain axis and intestinal immunity， it can also regulate lipid metabolism through carbohydrate utilization pathway， anti inflammatory stress pathway， regulation of fat decomposition pathway， gene pathway， Bile acid salt coprecipitation and bacteria assimilation cholesterol pathway， and there is a two-way regulation between Gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. However， the effect of Bifidobacterium on intestinal flora and lipid metabolism varies depending on the application area， formulation and addition quantity. More in-depth control studies and clinical validation still need to establish the formulation and addition quantity. When it is applied to the food field， it may lead to the transfer of intestinal drug resistance genes or the spread of drug resistant pathogens through the way of exchanging Genetic material with the host's own Gut microbiota. In this paper， the multiple pathways and mechanisms of Bifidobacterium regulates Gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in rats were reviewed， and the related issues were prospected， in order to provide ideas for research in Bifidobacterium regulates fields.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the virulence and resistance of Bacillus cereus SCY isolates.MethodsB. cereus was isolated from fish dishes in a restaurant in Yinchuan using a selective medium and was named the SCY strain. After identification using PCR sequencing of the 23S rRNA gene， the genetic characteristics were analyzed by adopting second-generation whole genome sequencing technology. Next， the toxicity and drug resistance of the SCY isolate were studied using mouse studies and drug-sensitive paper experiments， respectively.ResultsThe genome size of the SCY isolate was 5.82 Mb， the number of coding genes was 5 767， and the total length of the coding region accounted for 85.50% of the whole genome. The genome of the SCY isolates contained 11 gene islands， 16 CRISPR， and five prephages； among them， 14 and 62 virulence genes were annotated in the PHI and VFDB virulence factor databases （Identity>80， Evalue

ObjectiveThe paper mainly summarizes standards on method of analysis related to foods for special medical purposes (FSMP) in China.MethodsThe compliance and applicability of the analytical method in national food safety standards were analyzed, compared with the limits for FSMP.ResultsThe valid analytical method standards can basically match the requirements for the limits of FSMP, mainly refers to GB 5009, GB 5413 and GB 4789 series. Individual standard method were not applicable or missing.ConclusionChina has basically established systematic framework of standards on method of analysis applicable to FSMP, which can effectively supports the production and supervision. It is suggested that the unique procedure requirements of FSMP should be considered in the standard method drafting process. The paper also suggests future directions for the standards.

ObjectiveTo analyze the co-occurrence characteristics of mycotoxins in wheat， a classification model based on climatic regions of China was built.MethodsA total of 887 wheat samples collected from 12 provinces/autonomous regions were analyzed for the concentrations of eight mycotoxins， including deoxynivalenol， nivalenol， aflatoxins， ochratoxin A， fumonisins， zearalenone， T-2 and HT-2. All the samples were divided into three groups， temperate continental climate， temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate， according to the climate types of their sampling sites. The borderline-SMOTE method was used for sample augment to balance the data set. Principal component analysis （PCA） was applied for data dimension reduction， and the first two dimensions with a cumulative contribution rate of 97% were chosen as the characteristics of the original data. The classification of the data feature was implemented using the k-nearest neighbor （KNN） nonlinear classifier， and the parameters of the KNN model were optimized using GridSearchCV. Confusion Matrix， accuracy， recall rate and F1 score were used as the indexes for model evaluation， and the performance of this model was compared with three other common models， including support vector machine， random forest and artificial neural network.ResultsThe classification accuracy of eight mycotoxins in wheat using the combination of borderline-SMOTE， PCA and KNN model reached 98.31%， and the performance of this approach was superior to other frequently used methods.ConclusionThe classification model established in this paper can effectively categorize the wheat samples into three climate regions based on the co-occurrence characteristics of mycotoxins， which provides a basis for region-specific cumulative risk assessment of combined mycotoxin exposure and puts forward a food classification method based on multiple food safety indicators.

Group B Streptococcus （GBS） is an important opportunistic pathogen that exists in a variety of animals and can infect humans， mainly causing a variety of invasive diseases in pregnant women and newborns. ST283 is a sequence type of GBS that has been found from freshwater fish cultured in Southeast Asia in recent years， and has attracted widespread attention because this type of GBS is suggested to cause food-related invasive diseases in human. As a major country in freshwater fish farming and consumption， China still needs to pay attention although no relevant cases have been reported in the inland. This paper elaborates on the available information on GBS ST283 in various countries to provide reference for the development of GBS monitoring and evaluation criteria in China.

Sterilization is an indispensable part of food processing. This paper discusses the theories and applications of four currently widely used non-thermal sterilization technologies， including dense phase carbon dioxide， electron beam irradiation， pulsed light， and sonodynamic sterilization. Compared with traditional sterilization methods， these four technologies offer advantages in color maintenance， preservation of food flavor and nutrients， economy of energy， enhanced safety， and expense savings. Therefore， the development of new technologies will provide a frame of reference for choosing the most suitable sterilization technique to best maintain the quality of each kind of food.

Mycotoxins have proven to be harmful substances to human health. Edible vegetable oils contain a variety of mycotoxins that are carcinogenic， mutagenic， and genotoxic to the human body. This paper comprehensively discusses the research progress on mycotoxins in edible vegetable oils， covering aspects such as their sources， harmful effects， detection methods， limit standards， pollution status， and pollution control.

With the increase of risk factors in urban governance in China, traditional fresh food market has become a vulnerable part. In order to avoid the outbreak of public health crisis caused by traditional fresh food, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the public health risks inherent in it, so as to improve the ability of public health risk management of urban government in China. From the perspective of vulnerability theory, this paper analyzes the public health risks of traditional fresh food market, and discusses the vulnerability of traditional fresh food market in nature, society, management and technical system. On this basis, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the potential and secondary risks of the traditional fresh food market in China under the fragile system environment.

Food standards are the important basis and criterion to guide the scientific， standardized and orderly implementation of food safety supervision.But there are problems such as poor compliance with regulatory needs. At present， China’s food standard system is still in the stage of gradual construction stage. According to the role and application of food standards in the food safety supervision， the compliance and matching are analyzed and studied between food standard system and actual supervision. The paper mainly analyzes China’s food standard system according with the application during food safety supervision. It is suggested to improve the follow-up evaluation of the standards tracking and evaluation gradually， simplifying and optimizing the revision process of the standard system， and integrating food classification standards to provide strong support and basis for food safety supervision.

ObjectiveThe SWOT-AHP analysis model was applied to make the best strategic choice for grain inspection institutions.MethodsThe strengths （S）， weaknesses （W）， opportunities （O） and threats （T） faced by grain inspection institutions on the basis of SWOT framework was analyzed. The strategic quadrangle was constructed with analytic hierarchy process （AHP）.ResultsBased on the analysis of current situations and problems， this paper points out that the WO strategy may be the best choice， which was to overcome internal weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities in the external environment.ConclusionThe study provides a new perspective and reference to build a better grain inspection systemsin China.

In recent years， stable isotope technology has been widely used in product quality control and authenticity identification. This paper summarizes the research progress of this technology in food safety traceability and authenticity identification of various foods in recent years， looks forward to its application in China， and hope to provide reference for the administrative authoritives.

The paper mainly expounds the principles， differences and selection principles of ordinary least squares and weighted least squares in univariate linear regression， and introduces the application in four aspects， including heteroscedasticity test， optimal weight function selection， regression equation test and comparison of fitting quality. The application and existing problems of the weighted least squares method at home and abroad is analyzed. Suggestions on how to promote the application research of regression technology in analytical chemistry to provide reference and inspiration for researchers are put forward.

Food supervision sampling is an important technical support of food safety supervision. It is the difficult and key point to make correct food classification and make correct judgment according to relevant standards. This paper summarizes the problems in food classification and technical judgment for 3 types of food including tea and its products， candies and grain products， aiming to provide reference for sampling inspection stuff. It can ensure the accuracy of food classification， reduce the risk of false judgment and improve the efficacy of sampling inspection.

Listeria monocytogenes （L. monocytogens） is a common foodborne pathogen that can become a potential source of food contamination by forming single or multi-species biofilms through population induction on the surface of stainless steel of food processing equipment. Quaternary disinfectants are commonly used for cleaning and disinfection of processing equipment surfaces in food plant， while L. monocytogenes biofilms are tolerant to it through various mechanisms， such as active efflux pump system， stress response and gene regulation. In this paper， the formation and tolerance mechanisms of L. monocytogenes biofilms are reviewed， and the applications of physical disinfection and new combined disinfection technologies for foodborne L. monocytogenes prevention and control in recent years are summarized to provide ideas for the development of new and efficient disinfection technology， as well as to supply important references for enterprises to establish the control measures for L. monocytogenes and other microbial.

Objective This paper aims to evaluate data reliability of the neurotoxic hazard assessment of glutamate and its salts and provide recommendations, as well as to improve toxicology data reliability assessment method (TRAM) via trial application. Methods TRAM was used to evaluate the reliability of 60 articles which were selected by the method of systematic review documentation retrieval. The evaluation was based on types of toxicological data involved in each paper (laboratory animal data or human data) and they were scored by reliability criteria. The quality percentage was obtained via calculations to judge reliability categories and give recommendations. It’s necessary to note that the evaluation of each paper was independently completed by two persons in related fields. Results After three rounds of evaluation, the reliability of 12 articles were evaluated as "high" and recommended for priority use. The reliability of 43 articles was rated as "moderate" and can be used. The reliability of 5 articles was evaluated as "low" and not recommended to use. Conclusion TRAM takes both reporting quality and methodological quality into consideration, especially including human data reliability evaluation method which is absent in the other toxicology data reliability assessment tools. TRAM is more suitable for food safety risk assessment. It provides a better objective and scientific guarantee for hazard identification and risk assessment.

Food safety is essential to national economy and people's livelihood. A good food safety system is extremely important for maintaining social stability and providing scientific data for government decision. Big data provides a new approach to food safety. Through the integration of the data in the whole industrial chain, it will greatly improve the data analysis ability and help in discovering the potential valuable information. It could provide scientific decision-making suggestions for regulators, producers and consumers. It will provide a solution for timely warning of food safety incidents, the accurate traceability and accountability of food products. This paper will briefly introduce some existing big data platforms in food safety area. Then, it will discuss the challenges such as multi-sources data analysis, visualization and market mechanism. At the end of this paper, the future development trend of big data in food safety area is discussed.

ObjectiveWhile reviewing the notification of sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS） measures in China in the past 10 years and carrying out relevant research on the notification of SPS measures in China， the shortages in the implementation of SPS notification transparency work were analyzed， and suggestions were put forward for further improving the SPS transparency work， which can provide reference for further strengthening the notification of SPS measures in China and better fulfilling the obligation of transparency.MethodsChina’s SPS notification from 2012 to 2021 was obtained from the SPS Information Management System developed by the WTO Secretariat. This paper made a statistical analysis on the number of SPS notifications， different types of SPS notifications and notification measures from 2012 to 2021 in China by further collation， summary and translation. And the notification of SPS measures of China’s major trading partners was obtained through the system.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021， China notified the WTO/SPS secretariat of 743 SPS measures， including 736 regular notifications， 5 emergency notifications and 2 supplement notifications. In terms of areas involved， 443 items were notified of SPS national standards on National Food Safety Standards related to food additives.ConclusionChina has fulfilled the WTO/SPS transparency obligation， while there are still some problems such as the subsequent changes were not notified in a timely manner. The transparency of WTO/SPS should be further strengthened and improved in the future.

This paper takes the establishment of the national food safety standard system for food contact materials （FCM） as the mainline， combined with the role of FCM risk monitoring， risk assessment and related basic research， to demonstrate the achievements of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment in the safety management of FCM in the past ten years since its establishment. The current shortcomings for the safety management of FCM are analyzed， and the follow-up work directions are proposed.

According to the requirements of the “Food Safety Law”， China has implemented the standard follow-up evaluation， and continuously improved the working machanism. Through this system， the regulators can collect comments on current effective standards， understand the implementation of the standards， find out the problems and analyze the reasons. It plays a key role in continuously improving the standards， and ensuring the scientificity， rationality and practicality of the standards. This paper reviews the development process of follow-up evaluation on national food safety standards in China since the establishment of National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center 10 years ago， and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages. It can provide reference for the next step to better implement the requirements of "the most stringent standard" and optimize the follow-up evaluation on national food safety standards in China.

As widely used synthetic chemicals， perfluorooctane sulfonic acid （PFOS） and perfluorooctanic acid （PFOA） are ubiquitous in the environment and the human body. Due to the extensive toxic effects and bioaccumulation of PFOS/PFOA，their impact on human health has attracted more and more attention. The absorption， distribution， metabolism， excretion and toxic effects of PFOS/PFOA in mammals are systematically summarized in this paper. Moreover，the safety limits of PFOS/PFOA are summarizes herein as well as the internal exposure levels of PFOS/PFOA in Chinese general population based on published literature in order to provide a scientific basis for PFOS/PFOA risk assessment and risk management.

There are many kinds of chemical hazards in food， and their contents are generally at trace and ultra trace levels. Because the food matrix is complex， it is very important to select appropriate sample preparation techniques to obtain reliable detection results at low concentration level. According to the detection needs of different types of compounds and the characteristics and analysis purposes of different food matrices， this paper discusses the selection of sample preparation technique based on the experience in the development of sample preparation methods for food chemical hazards in the recent 10 years. A practical sample preparation method selection strategy based on "food matrix" and "target analyte" is proposed. And the progress of cutting-edge technique is reviewed. In addition， on the basis of application examples， suggestions on the development of sample preparation methods are put forward to provide references for grassroots technicians to select reliable sample preparation methods.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common foodborne pathogen， which can cause food poisoning by polluting foods rich in protein or starch， such as dairy products and meat products， and it is also tend to cause local suppurative infection， pneumonia， pericarditis and even septicemia in severe cases. Accurate and efficient detection methods of Staphylococcus aureus are significant to improve food safety and quality control by avoiding food poisoning. The detection methods of Staphylococcus aureus are mainly immuno-serological technology， polymerase chain reaction technology and biosensor technology and others. In this paper， the technical characteristics and application examples of detection methods are summarized respectively to provide reference for the development and application of rapid detection methods for foodborne Staphylococcus aureus.

Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen widely existing in nature， which can cause human food poisoning， gastroenteritis， septicemia and other diseases， seriously endangering human health. Therefore， rapid and accurate detection methods for Salmonella are important to prevent and control Salmonella disease. The immunological technology， molecular biology technology and biosensor technology in the application of detecting foodborne Salmonella are analyzed in this paper. Advantages and disadvantages of different detection techniques are expounded to offer reference for developing rapid detection methods of foodborne Salmonella.

Molecular imprinting technology is a kind of technology that simulates the interaction between enzyme - substrate or antibody - antigen and synthesizes artificial receptors with specific recognition performance using target as template. In the early stage， the research objects were mostly small organic molecules including pesticides and veterinary drugs， and biological macromolecules including proteins. In recent years， researches have been extended to super-large "molecules" -cells， especially bacterial imprinting with a broad application prospect in the field of rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria. This paper introduces the principle of molecular imprinting technology， the selection of bacterial imprinting template and the preparation method of imprinted polymers. The application of molecular imprinting technology in the detection of pathogenic bacteria is summarized. Finally， the application prospect of molecular imprinting technology in the detection of pathogenic bacteria is discussed.

ObjectiveThe sampling method of virus on food packaging surfaces was optimized. The virus recovery rate on different material surfaces was studied by simulating different scenes of virus contamination on the surfaces of frozen food packaging materials.MethodsThe virus was evenly coated on the surfaces of different materials in different scenarios. Different buffers and different sampling methods were used for sampling residual virus. The virus recovery rate was calculated by virus titer （TCID50）.ResultsAmong the three sample buffers， Hank’s balanced salt solution had the highest virus recovery rate， followed by PBS buffer and MEM media. Among the five sampling methods， the highest recovery was to apply the wet swab once on the surface and then rotated for the next swabing. Using the optimized sampling method to sample virus from the surfaces of different materials， the recovery rates of smooth plastic surface and metal surface were 10.47% and 3.55%， while the living virus of hard plastic surface， thick cardboard surface， kraft paper and wood surface could not be collected. The virus recovery rates of contaminated food on smooth plastic surface before and after frozen were 92.03% and 4.83%， and that of and metal surface were 1.27% and 4.94%. In addition， the recovery rate of hard plastic surface was 2.59% in contaminated food before frozen， and the recovery rate of thick cardboard surface was 1.27% only in the contaminated food after frozen.ConclusionThe virvs recovery rates varies depending on the substrate of surfaces. This sampling method is suitable for collecting virus from smooth "hard surfaces". The residual virus on frozen food packaging surfaces can be effectively collected by the sampling method optimized above as well.

Since the regulation of health food management in China in 1996， a series of changes have taken place in the functions of health food which were allowed to apply for and approve/register in the past 26 years. The expression and interpretation of function terms/claims have been gradually improved and been more reasonable， which laid a solid foundation for further supervision and market regulation， and reserved space and possibility for the development of new health functions. This paper briefly introduced and reviewd the development and change process of the functions of health food in China， and made some suggestions for the development of new health functions.

ObjectiveTo reveal the research hotspots， current situation and development trend of food safety risks in China by analyzing the basic information of relevant literatures， and to lay a theoretical foundation for future research.MethodsIn this paper， the literature related to food safety risk collected by CNKI， Wanfang Data and VIP was used as the data source， and the research topic was determined by means of co-word analysis， factor analysis， cluster analysis and strategic coordinate analysis of high-frequency keywords.ResultsThrough cluster analysis of 85 high-frequency keywords selected by SPSS26.0， 9 mainstream research hotspots have been formed in China， which were： food contamination and related risk monitoring， health risks of vegetable pesticide residues， genetically modified food and related legal supervision， risk prevention and early warning， factors affecting consumer perception of risk， risk analysis of food supply chain quality and safety， national food safety standards， food safety risk supervision， safety testing and guarantee.ConclusionAt present， a relatively mature research focus in this field is food safety risk regulation. Theoretical researches mostly focus on the objectives， functions， systems and technologies of food safety regulation in China. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and training of relevant food safety standards of regulatory authorities， so as to improve the food safety supervision and governance ability of grassroots. As an emerging research topic， vegetable pesticide residues and risk prevention and early warning have great development potential in the future. Follow-up research should solve the current situation of lack of relevant monitoring conditions at the grassroots level， and build and improve the risk early warning system as soon as possible.

ObjectiveBiomedical innovation has become the main battlefield of global science and technology competition， this paper is to explore the evaluation index system for biomedical innovation ability system， and to provide theoretical tools and new perspectives for the evaluation of biomedical innovation ability in China.MethodsThis article determines the key factors that affect biomedical innovation by literature investigation， Delphi expert consultation， normalization method based on expert score， principal component analysis and other methods.Resultsthe evaluation index system of biomedical innovation ability in China was determined， including 6 primary indexes and 22 secondary indexes. The weight coefficients of each index level and the combined weight coefficients of specific evaluation indexes are obtained. At the same time， the current level results of China's biomedical innovation ability evaluation system are obtained.ConclusionThis article establishes an index system for biomedical innovation capability， the current status of biomedical innovation system in China is evaluated， and it is found that the policy environment， the number of researchers and the investment of R&D institutions play an important role in the development of biomedical innovation capacity in China， and provides support for enhancing China's biomedical innovation capability.

Tea is popular at home and abroad for its unique flavor and bioactive substances that are beneficial to human health. However， as a special economic crop with a long production chain， the background of microorganisms involved in the production process of tea is still unclear， and potentially harmful microorganisms and mycotoxins are present in tea. Nowadays， the investigation shows that the risk of mycotoxin exposure caused by tea drinking is very low， but the monitoring of fungi and mycotoxin contamination in tea and the source of related harmful secondary metabolites need to be solved urgently. In this paper， the research on the contamination situation， prevention and control of fungi and mycotoxin in tea is reviewed. The potential contamination risk of mycotoxin in tea is analyzed and discussed in order to provide reference for the assessment and control of mycotoxin contamination in tea and promote the establishment of good tea quality management and hygiene control systems.

The standard system of food safety inspection and detection method is an important support for the scientific supervision of food safety. During the 13th Five-year Plan, with the support of the special key project of "Research and Development of Key Technologies for Food Safety" , a total of 377 inspection and testing standards have been developed, which would play a positive role in further improving China's scientific supervision ability of food safety. This paper systematicly combs the food safety inspection and testing method that are planned to be included or have been included in the standard developed by National Key Reaearch Priorities Program of China during the 13th Five-year Plan "Research of Key Technologies for Food Safety" , including 8 areas: Pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, heavy metal pollutants, mycotoxins, food contact materials, non edible substances, processing or endogenous toxic and harmful substances, illegal additives and food adulterants. Opinions and suggestions on food safety standardization and scientific and technological work are also put forward, which are expected to provide reference for the development and management of food safety standards in the future.

ObjectiveTo establish the basic parameters for dietary exposure assessment of food contact materials of fruit products in China.MethodsThe contact area method was used to study the food contact materials of fruit products. By collecting the relevant data of the main body, seal, outer cover and inner lining of food packaging materials, the contact surface area/volume ratio (S/V) of different food contact materials corresponding to different fruit products were obtained.ResultsA total of 288 samples of fruit products were collected in this survey, and 7 398 relevant data were obtained, covering 11 food categories, including frozen fruits, canned fruits, dried fruits, vinegar/oil or salted fruits, jam, puree, preserved fruits, decorative fruits and fruit desserts. The main contact materials involved include polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, metal, paper and glass. The average S/V of main body, seal, outer cover and inner lining of food contact materials of fruit products were 21.00, 1.00, 1.30 and 0.10 dm2/kg respectively.ConclusionA relatively complete database of basic parameters for dietary exposure assessment of food contact materials for fruit products was established, which can provide strong data support for the risk assessment of food contact materials in China.

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk of food additives in Hubei Province, provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate management measures, and reduce the potential risk.MethodsIn the paper, the crystal ball software and Monte Carlo simulation method were used to evaluate the average daily exposure and risk probability of sodium cyclamate and acesulfame in foods in Hubei Province.ResultsThe average daily exposure and risk entropy of sodium cyclamate in pickled vegetable products were the highest, which were 3.98E-4 g/kg BW/d and 0.0372, respectively. In addition, there are significant differences in the risk probability of additives in different foods. The risk probability ranking of acesulfame in foods was pickled vegetable products > canned > beverage > pastry, and that of sodium cyclamate was pickled products > beverage > pastry > canned food.ConclusionThe health risk of residents in Hubei Province who ingest two sweeteners through diet was generally low, and the risk of sodium cyclamate was slightly higher than that of acesulfame, both at an acceptable level.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dietary exposure level of aluminum and its potential health risk among adult residents in Qinghai Province.MethodsIn this paper, the aluminum content of 499 samples of 7 kinds of main aluminum containing foods in Qinghai Province from 2015 to 2020, the Fifth China total dietary study and the food consumption data of nutrition and health monitoring of Chinese residents from 2010 to 2013 were used. The exposure level and potential risk of dietary aluminum in different age and sex groups of residents in Qinghai Province were evaluated by point evaluation method .ResultsThe average content of aluminum in 7 kinds of main aluminum containing foods was 72.210 mg/kg, and the maximum was 1 220.000 mg/kg. The total detection rate was 77.96% (389/499), and the total over standard rate was 19.72% (57/289), among which the detection rate and over standard rate of instant jellyfish were 100.00% (11/11) and 90.91% (10/11) respectively. The average daily exposure of aluminum was 0.080 mg/(kg·d), accounting for 27.86% of the weekly provisional tolerable intake (PTWI). The contribution rate of cereals and their products was the highest, reaching 88.07%. Among the adult residents of different age and gender groups, the daily aluminum exposure of women aged 60 and above was the highest, with an average of 0.086 mg/(kg·d), accounting for 30.05% of PTWI. The median and average dietary aluminum exposure were both less than 1 of the PTWI.ConclusionThe health risk of dietary intake of aluminum among adult residents in Qinghai Province was low, and cereals and their products were the main contribution foods.

Bacillus cereus is a common foodborne pathogen that can cause food poisoning in infants, students and adults by contaminating foods such as dairy products, rice, cooked meat and soybean products. The use of accurate and efficient Bacillus cereus detection method is the key to the prevention of foodborne Bacillus cereus disease and food safety quality control. Detection method of Bacillus cereus mainly including bacterial culture isolation and identification, immunological detection and nucleic acid detection. This paper summarizes the core technical features and application examples of each type of detection method, and provides ideas for the development and use of rapid detection method for foodborne Bacillus cereus.

Microplastic is a global pollutant widely existing in the marine and terrestrial environments. The potential health effects of microplastics in food have attracted more and more attentions based on the continuous research. A comprehensive understanding of microplastics in food is very important for food safety and human health. In this paper, the analysis methods, occurrence, exposure and toxicity of microplastics in food are reviewed and the urgent problems needed to be solved are put forward to provide reference for food safety related research.

As the incidence of global food allergies increases year-by-year, food allergic diseases have become a growing concern in food safety and public health issue circles. In this paper, the characteristics of food allergens, allergenicity mechanism, clinical manifestations, common allergenic foods, and main exposure sources were introduced. The formulation method and the latest adjustment of food allergen threshold and reference dose were summarized, and several internationally recognized risk assessment method of food allergens were also summarized, which provides the theoretical basis for the next step of food allergy risk assessment in our country.

Follow-up evaluation of food safety standard is an important legal system determined by the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China. This paper discusses the situation of follow-up evaluation of food safety standard in Zhejiang Province, and analyzes the current situation and main problems of food safety standard follow-up evaluation. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in order to maximize the role of follow-up evaluation in food safety management.