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The development of pesticides has significantly advanced global agricultural production, but the ensuing problem of pesticide residues poses a severe threat to human health. So, there is an urgent need to establish a rapid, accurate, sensitive, cost-effective and on-site method for large-scale detection of pesticide residues. Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) represents a highly sensitive and portable microanalysis system, which uses paper as a substrate and relies on a capillary force to drive the fluid for the separation and detection of samples. The diversity of pesticides and agricultural products and the complexity of matrices impose high requirements on the sample preparation procedure. This article summarizes the preparation process of ePADs from the aspects of paper selection, the establishment of hydrophilic and hydrophobic channels, the integration of separation zones, and electrode printing. Subsequently, this paper establishes the relationship between pesticide detection and chip preparation based on the mechanism of electrochemical detection of pesticides. Finally, it discusses the advantages, challenges and future prospects of ePADs with a view to providing theoretical reference for enhanced application of ePADs in the field of pesticide residue detection.

A new method was proposed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of immunosuppressants in blood using thin-layer paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. The aluminum thin-layer plate was used as paper spray substrate, and cut into an equilateral triangle. Aliquots of 10 μL blood sample were loaded on the aluminum thin-layer plate, and then 20 μL methanol was dropped as elution/spray solvent. The tip of the triangular plate was placed 1.0 cm in front of the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) of the miniature mass spectrometer. When the spray voltage was applied, the sample was eluted from the triangular plate and formed paper spray ionization at the tip. Coupled with the miniature mass spectrometer, five immunosuppressants were detected under negative ion mode. The precursor ions ［M-H］- of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, ciclosporin A, and mycophenolic acid are m/z 802.6, 912.6, 957.1, 1 200.8, 319.1, and product ions are m/z 560.2 and 604.3, m/z 590.3 and 321.2, m/z 590.3 and 365.2, m/z 1 088.8, m/z 287.4 and 275.1, respectively. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the most intense tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragment peaks and using the S/N=3 and 10 as the criteria, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) are estimated to be 0.5-5 mg/L and 1-10 mg/L, respectively. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis, and indapamide was used as the internal standard compound. Sufficient linearity for each analyte is obtained with the correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. The proposed method displays good recoveries in the range of 91.0%-114.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. Moreover, the developed method was used for the analysis of blood samples, which spiked with tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporine A and mycophenolic acid at the concentration of 100 mg/L. The analytical results demonstrated the consistency between the proposed method and the traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The entire analysis procedure can be completed within 1 min. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, efficient, and suitable for POCT of immunosuppressants in blood.

A flexible wipe paper for rapid nondestructive detection of ferbam residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was prepared using filter paper as the substate by a simple soaking method. The synthesis and storage conditions were optimized to ensure that the SERS method has excellent performance. The results showed that concentration factor of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), soaking time in AgNP solution and drying method greatly affected the performance of the SERS wipe paper. The performance under the condition of soaking for 8 h in a 5-fold concentrate of AgNP solution was significantly better than that under other conditions. The SERS wipe paper prepared by vacuum drying had better performance that those prepared by other drying methods. After 9 days of storage at −20 ℃, the optimized substrate retained approximately 50% of the original peak value. Besides, it exhibited good sensitivity, uniformity, and repeatability. The limit of detection (LOD) for ferbam on a glass plate was 4.07 × 10-6 mg/mL, and the LOD for ferbam on the surface of spinach and nectarine were 0.043 and 0.062 mg/kg, respectively. This study provides an excellent basis for the development and utilization of SERS wipe paper.

Based on the selective quenching effect of the flavonoid rutin on the fluorescence of carbon dots prepared by asparagine pyrolysis, a method for rapid detection of rutin content in the flower buds of Sophora japonica by using chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was developed. A filter paper was immersed in the casting solution of carbon dots and chitosan. After drying, a carbon dot chitosan film was formed on the surface of the filter paper, so that the chitosan-based carbon dot paper chip was obtained. After samples were dripped on the chip, chromogenic reaction occurred uniformly within a limited region, and pictures were taken under an ultraviolet (UV) lamp at 365 nm for analysis of the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values of the colored spots in order to optimize the preparation conditions and detection conditions. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: chitosan concentration of 20 mg/mL, carbon spot concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, 50% ethanol as sample solvent, and reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, the difference (ΔG) in G-value between sample and solvent spots had a linear relationship with rutin concentration (C) in the range of 4 to 120 mg/mL. Using this method, the average contents of rutin in the flower buds of S. japonica from three batches were determined to be 23.85%, 22.83% and 20.30%, the average relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 6.1%, 5.6% and 6.7%, and the recoveries were 91.27% to 107.5%, which were close to the results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proposed method is simple and rapid, and can be used for rapid on-site determination of rutin content in the flower buds of S. japonica.

Results of academic research require publication and need to be reviewed by peers before they can contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Among the various means of publishing research findings, researchers may, according to past academic practices, first present their research results in conferences, seminars or symposiums, and then submit their results to journals for publication. Hence, the issue of “extended publication”, where conference papers are revised and submitted to journals, has gained attention in the library and information science community. This study collected public documents on the Internet and applied document analysis to examine the ethical considerations regarding such extension practice. First, this research reviewed the basic principles of research integrity and responsible behavior. Secondly, this research listed several types of violation related to research paper writing and submission, and studied the guidelines established by both domestic and foreign academic organizations, publishers, and journals. The findings of the research were used to provide specific recommendations on the best practices for extending conference papers to journal articles.

BackgroundIn recent years, the rising number of e-cigarette users among adolescents and the surging cases of lung injury related to e-cigarette use have attracted the attention of researchers in various fields.ObjectiveTo identify the research hotspots and trends of e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) worldwide from 2013 to 2022 by bibliometric and visual analysis. MethodsWeb of Science Core Collection was selected to obtain literature related to EVALI from 2013 to 2022 across the world, statistics were calculated by country/region, institution, author, journal, cited literature, keyword, etc. CiteSpace 6.2.R1 was used for visual analysis to draw diagrams of publication trend, author cooperation network, co-citation clustering time distribution, and keyword cluster. ResultsA total of 888 EVALI-related papers published between 2013 and 2022 were retrieved. The number of publications was gradually increased, with a significant increase in 2020 and a decrease from 2021, but the number of citations was increased year by year. The most active country was the United States (631 articles). European and American countries cooperated closely and the centrality was prominent. Among the publishing institutions, the University of California system topped the list with 103 articles. Rahman I (27 articles) published the most articles and had a high degree of centrality; Goniewicz M L was the most cited author; and the network analysis diagram showed relatively weak collaboration between authors. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine was the journal with the highest number of publications (94 articles). The top 5 cited articles were all cited more than 300 times. The leading high-frequency keywords of EVALI-related studies were nicotine (149 times), exposure (118 times), and oxidative stress (80 times). The cluster of key nodes in the co-citation network and the clustering time distribution diagram indicated youth e-cigarette addiction received widespread attention from society. From the top 25 keywords with the strongest bursts, the focus of research on the pathogenesis of EVALI gradually shifted from the oxidative stress damage associated with e-cigarette vapor to the oxidative effect of flavoring chemicals in the process of lung injury. The current research interests in this field were mainly the mechanisms of various chemicals in e-cigarettes and the heating elements that led to damage to the lungs. ConclusionEVALI is receiving continuous attention from researchers in government, medical institutions, and other organizations. A variety of e-cigarette ingredients such as flavoring chemicals may lead to varying degrees of cytotoxicity, inflammation, and lung damage. However, the pathophysiology of EVALI remains unclear. In the future, more Chinese scholars should be encouraged to participate in this field.

“Lab on paper” is a paper-based microanalytical system with unique advantages such as high sensitivity, low cost, portability, and mass production, which breaks through the limitations of traditional detection technologies and shows great potential in the field of rapid on-site food detection. In this paper, the typical “labs on paper”, including chromatographic paper, chemical test chip, lateral flow assay (LFA), microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and synthetic biological paper, are systematically reviewed. Special emphasis is put on the application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of paper-based analytic methods are discussed, which may provide theoretical support for better application of “lab on paper” in the field of food detection.

Objective: This study aimed to solve the problem of cigarette flavoring technology that the surface taste of splicing paper weakens over time. Methods: A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of two kinds of sweeteners was established based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The change of the content of the sweetener on the surface of the tipping paper was analyzed, and the induced migration experiment was used to analyze the migration of sweeteners. The surface porosity, air permeability and surface water absorption of aluminized splice paper were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester. Results: A method for rapid determination of two kinds of sweeteners simultaneously was established by UHPLC. The results of induced migration experiment showed that the sweeteners in the tipping paper migrated from the surface to the inside of the paper gradually. The results of scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester and surface water absorption tester showed that pores distributed on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper, and the high air permeability thereby led to the surface water absorption capacity. Therefore, the sweetener migrated in the aluminized tipping paper. After 42 days of induced migration, the migration rates of acesulfame and saccharin sodium in the paper were 48.47% and 49.65%, respectively. Conclusion: The pores and cracks spreading on the surface of the aluminized tipping paper made it have high permeability and strong water absorption, and the concentration differences between the two sides of the paper resulted in a conducive migration of the sweeteners.

Objective: In order to solve the quality problems of YB517 transparent packaging machine, such as folds and unevenness of transparent paper on the sides of cigarette packages, a new cigarette-packaging side seal and shaping device was developed. Methods: After the improvements, the drive shaft of cigarette receiving plate of output turntable of YB517 was used as a power source, and the heating and shaping of cigarette package side seals were achieved by designing reciprocating mechanisms, heater components, cigarette package positioning components, and optimizing push seats; and using Solidworks software to simulate and analyze the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the shaping device. At the same time, it was connected to the temperature measurement and control system of "Heat sealer for Drawstring" so that the temperature parameters can be displayed and adjusted on the IPC control surface. Finally, the method of sampling in the test was used to compare and analyze the wrinkle of boxed transparent paper before and after the transformation. Results: The side seal shaping device had the advantages of no interference, gentle velocity and acceleration curve, no obvious impact and stable operation. The wrinkle ratio of boxed transparent paper decreased from 11.58% to 2.50%, which decreased 78.40%. Conclusion: It ensures product quality and improves consumers satisfaction.

BackgroundBy analyzing the publication of scientific and technological papers of the provincial centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in China, we can understand their scientific research strength, dominant disciplines, research hotspots, and talent development, which is conducive for further optimizing the scientific research construction of the disease control system.ObjectiveTo conduct a bibliometric analysis and draw a visual map of the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) sourced papers published by 31 provincial CDCs in China from 2011 to 2020, to understand the scientific research status of China's provincial CDC system in the past ten years.MethodsIn April 2021, China National Knowledge Infrastructure was used to retrieve CSCD sourced papers published by 31 provincial CDCs (excluding Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions) in China as the primary unit from 2011 to 2020, and finally 5231 CSCD papers were included. Bibliometric analysis indicators include number of CSCD papers published and financial support rate, proportion of CSCD papers to total Chinese papers, distribution of CSCD papers published in high-volume journals, and number of papers for a specific CDC that their first authors affiliated with. Citespace 5.8.R1 software was used to draw author's cooperation network map, keyword co-occurrence map, keyword clustering information table, and keyword emergence map.ResultsThe number of CSCD papers published every year showed a stationary trend, and the total funding rate was 61%, showing an year-by-year upward trend (increased from 49.3% in 2011 to 68.7% in 2020). Jiangsu Province, Fujian Province, and Beijing CDCs ranked the top three in the total number of CSCD papers contributed by a specific CDC. The Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, Chinese Journal of Public Health, Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, and Chinese Journal of Endemic Diseases were the top five high-volume journals. The top three authors of CSCD papers (counted as co-authors) were Xu Bianli of Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (110 papers), Yan Yansheng of Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (72 papers), and Wang Quanyi of Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (71 papers), and they studied the epidemiology of parasitic diseases and infectious diseases, the prevention and treatment of natural epidemic diseases and AIDS, and the epidemiology of infectious diseases, respectively. The keyword co-occurrence map showed that AIDS, zoonotic diseases, hand-foot-mouth disease, etc. (frequency ≥90) were the key research directions of provincial CDCs in the past ten years. The keyword clustering categories were closely related, although there were subtle differences, the topics focused on virus and chronic disease research. The keyword emergence results suggested that the frontiers of research had gradually shifted from infectious diseases such as enterovirus, hantavirus, and Zika virus to food-borne diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases such as tumors and senile diseases over time.ConclusionThe number of papers issued by the provincial CDCs in China in the past ten years has shown an overall steady and rising trend. The leading themes of researchers and institutions are infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, etc., while food-borne diseases and elderly diseases are the hot frontiers.

Objective: Established a group of models used to quickly distinguish anti-counterfeit cigarette packaging paper. Methods: The model based on the same color oil on packaging paper from 3 different brands: Yunyan, Yuxi, and Hongtashan. The Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） spectrum were collected from 116 samples totally by Attenuated Total Reflection （ATR） accessary. 56 spectrum were used to build the models and 20 samples of each brand were used to verification. Spectrum were second derivative processed and spectral ranges were selected as 3 200~2 700, 1 800~1 580, and 801~720 cm-1. Results: Using Mahalanobis distance discriminant method to establish 4 models （3 brands and 1 multiple）, all of the accuracy of models reached to 100%. Conclusion: This is the first time to use the same color oil FTIR spectrum to distinguish real and fake cigarette packaging paper which were highly improve selection efficiency for large number of samples.

Objective： A method for simple and rapid determination of potassium content in cigarette paper will be built for workshops of cigarette factory. Methods: An ion-selective electrode method was used by comparing with the pretreatment methods for cigarette paper samples and potential response behaviors of potassium ion-selective electrodes in different buffer solutions. Results: The potassium ion selective electrode possessed excellent response performance for K+ in lithium acetate buffer solution （0.1 mol/L, pH 7.0） with a linear response range of 1.0×10-5 ~1.0×10-2 mol/L, a slope of 55.79 mV/dec （25 ℃）, and a lower limit of detection of 2.14×10-6 mol/L. The average relative standard deviations of the K+ selective electrode on cigarette paper samples were 0.55% for intra-day test and 2.8% for inter-day test, both less than 5%. The test results of the electrode method were in well agreement with that of ion chromatography, with an average relative deviation of 4.1% （n=10） and recoveries between 95.0% and 101.9%. It was demonstrated effectively through a consecutive test over one week. Conclusion: Among the pretreatment methods for cigarette paper samples, the ultrasonic extraction of potassium ions with 1% diluted acetic acid for 30 min has been found to be fast, simple and environmentally friendly. The ion-selective electrode method is accurate and reliable, which is suitable for the rapid detection of potassium in cigarette paper.

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic hints at the importance of modernizing disease control system. To understand the scientific research strength of our country's disease control system in recent years is conducive to formulating more targeted policies or measures to promote the modernization of the disease control system.ObjectiveTo understand the scientific research strength and research hotspots of China's provincial-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) from 2011 to 2020, and provide evidence for the development of scientific research work, discipline construction, and talent team construction in CDCs in the future.MethodsThe Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) of the Web of Science Core Collection were used to retrieve SCI-indexed English papers published by 31 provincial CDCs (excluding Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions) in our country from 2011 to 2020, and to screen literature with provincial CDCs as the first affiliation for bibliometric analysis and visual analysis. Bibliometric analysis included the SCI-indexed publications of different provincial CDCs (as co-affiliation and the first affiliation), the number of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs (as the first affiliation) and funding rates by years, the high-frequency authors of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs (as the first affiliation) and their distribution, and the characteristics of the journals. Visual analysis software Citespace 5.8.R1 was used to draw keyword co-occurrence maps, cluster information tables, and emergence maps to provide information on research hotspots and their evolution.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2020, the number of SCI-indexed papers from 31 provincial CDCs was 8420 (including co-affiliation), of which 2060 papers listed provincial CDCs as the first affiliation. The provincial CDCs of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing, Shandong, and Guangdong were the leading six institutes in terms of the total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed as co-affiliation or the first affiliation. There was a large gap in the total number of SCI-indexed papers among the provincial CDCs. The highest total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed by provincial CDCs as the first affiliation was Zhejiang CDC (448 papers), while the lowest number was Xinjiang CDC (only 1 paper). From 2011 to 2020, the total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed by the 31 provincial CDCs as the first affiliation showed an overall increasing trend. Except for 2011, which was 63.1%, the funding rates in other years exceeded 70%. In terms of high-frequency authors, 13 first authors published ≥10 SCI-indexed papers: Zhang Yingxiu from Shandong CDC had the highest number of SCI-indexed papers (47), followed by Hu Yu from Zhejiang CDC. Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Shandong still ranked the top six of ≥4 first authored-SCI papers. In terms of journal characteristics, the top 20 journals with the highest number of SCI papers published a total of 862 papers, accounting for 41.8% (862/2060), and PLOS ONE ranked the first (188 papers). The research hotspots were mainly concentrated in the fields of infection, child health, and epidemiology. The main keywords of the first three cluster categories were related to the research fields of adolescent overweight and obesity, HIV, and vaccine immunity. The results of keyword emergence showed that research hotspots shifted from overweight, obesity, and body mass index to antibodies, vaccines/vaccination, and cohorts.ConclusionThe past ten years have witnessed increasing numbers of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs in our country and a stubbornly high funding rate. However, the gap among the provincial CDCs is still large seeing that economically developed eastern provincial CDCs published more SCI-indexed papers. Research hotspots have gradually shifted from overweight, obesity, and body mass index to antibodies, vaccines/vaccination, and cohorts.

Naturally-occurring precipitate of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is generally considered to be a common phenomenon. The formation of naturally-occurring precipitate originates from the interactions among different chemical components during the decoction process. Previous literature has reported the existence of naturally-occurring precipitate in Sini decoction. In this study, seven pairs of acid-base non-covalent complexes in Sini decoction were characterized using cold spray ionization-mass spectrometry (CSI-MS). The CSI device was built in house, where a stream of nitrogen gas was cooled by liquid nitrogen and used as the sheath gas, providing low-temperature ionization conditions for the MS analysis of the acid-base non-covalent complexes. The gas pipeline was equipped with a valve to regulate the nitrogen flow rate. Data acquisition was carried out using a quadrupole/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer operated in both full-scan MS and collision-induced dissociation MS/MS modes. Experimental results showed that the seven pairs of acid-base non-covalent complexes were unequivocally observed in positive and negative ionization modes. Mass spectrometric responses for each acid-base non-covalent complex varied with different chemical structures, binding abilities and ionization efficiencies. A representative pair of acid-base non-covalent complex (enoxolone/benzoylmesaconine) was selected to investigate the influence of the acid-base concentration ratio (3∶1, 2∶1, 3∶2, 1∶1, 2∶3, 1∶2, 1∶3) on the binding stoichiometry. The enoxolone/benzoylmesaconine complexes with the binding ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 2∶1 were observed, among which the mass spectrometric peak of the 1∶1 binding ratio was the most intensive. The non-covalent interactions of the representative enoxolone/benzoylmesaconine complex were analyzed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and computational chemistry. The thermodynamic parameters were obtained in the ITC experiment. In comparison with entropy change, the contribution of enthalpy change to Gibbs free energy was more significant, indicating that Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding might be the main driving force in the formation of acid-base non-covalent complexes. This result was further confirmed by the docking model and simulation results of computational chemistry. Multiple hydrogen bonds derived from the interactions between specific atoms locating in the acid and base compounds promoted the self-assembly process. Moreover, Van der Waals attraction or repulsion force was generated between the C and H atoms at different positions, which in conjunction with hydrogen bonding interaction drove the formation of the acid-base non-covalent complexes. This study provides theoretical foundation and technical instruction for exploring the formation mechanism of naturally-occurring precipitate in Sini decoction.

Objective: To improve the accuracy and validity of the measurement data of solvent residues in food packaging paper. Methods: Taking the HS GC-MS measurement system as the research object, variation sources in the measurement process was separated by using the measurement system analysis, and the traditional control chart and EWMA control chart of repeatability and reproducibility were established respectively to effectively monitor the detection error of the measurement system. Results: ① HS GC/MS had high measurement accuracy, with GRR of about 9.76%, and the gauging ability of the measurement system was relatively good. ② Through the combination of periodic measurement system analysis and control chart method, the effective separation and monitoring of repeatability and reproducibility variance components can be realized. ③ The repeatability can be monitored in real time through the daily gauging data, which was helpful to find the fault of measurement equipment in time and ensure the reliability of gauging results. ④ EWMA chart of repeatability can give early warning of measuring equipment fault faster than traditional control chart. Conclusion: Separating and monitoring variation sources of the measurement system by using variance analysis method can effectively ensure the stability of HS GC-MS equipment and improve the effectiveness of solvent residue detection.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extended publishing of conference papers in the field of management. The sample examined consisted of a total of 2,427 conference papers that were published in 2011 in nine international conferences spanning four academic fields, which were marketing, production and operations management, transportation management, and information management. This study adopted bibliometrics to analyze the extended publishing rate of the original conference papers, the document types of the extended publications, and the publication lag from the original conference papers to extended versions publishing. The differences between the originals and extended publications were also compared, including the changes in authorship, references, the length of articles, and the number of tables and figures. The results of the study reveal that the average extended publishing rate of the original conference papers was 17.06%, with journal articles being the major category. The average time lag for extended journal articles publishing was 27.99 months, and for submission was 14 months. This study suggested that the academic publishers provide relevant publication policy for extended publication. The journal editors and researchers should follow the guideline for submission and the editorial policy to avoid academic misconduct.

In recent years, some scholarly journals have indicated that they accept rewritten or extended version of a conference paper as long as new content are added to the journal article manuscript and that the original conference paper is included in the references. The extended publishing of conference papers now becomes topic worthy of investigation. This study analyzed the extended works of the conference papers from three major conferences in the fields of information management, i.e., Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)’s ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (ACM EC), ACM Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (ACM KDD), and ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (ACM CIKM). Papers from the 2011 meetings were used as the sample to understand to what extent conference papers have been extended into journal articles and other forms and the lag between conference and journal publishing. It also examined the differences between the conference papers and their extended versions (i.e., journal papers) by comparing the changes in authorship, references, article length, tables, and figures. It reveals the current practices of extending conference papers for journal publishing in the information management fields and may help us understand the contemporary scholarly publishing behavior. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

Brenda Dervin presented a paper in 1983 titled “An Overview of Sense-Making Research: Concepts, Methods and Results to Date” at a conference. She presented the “Sense-Making Methodology (SMM)” in the 1983 paper with the introduction of its core concepts, methods, and applications. SMM is a user-centered theory for methodology and has been widely applied to a wide range of fields. The findings of this study show that the 1983 paper has a longterm influence on other research articles and its influence has expanded into more disciplines and topics over time. Most of 283 articles citing the 1983 paper were information behavior articles published in journals of library and information science. This study contributes to confirm that the primary influence of this 1983 paper was established by a few concepts related to SMM. Not all three basic concepts constructing the SMM, “gaps”, “situations”, and “uses”, were the most influential concepts in terms of number of citation contexts. “Gaps” was the most frequently cited concept related to SMM (17.5%), closely followed by “sense-making/nonsense-making (17.3%)”. However, “SMM” was the most influential concept in terms of number of research topics of citing articles.

The study utilizes bibliometrics to explore papers and patents in the field of fuel cell to examine the scientific and technical development in the area. The research data were retrieved from the WOS database and USPTO patent data from the period between 1991 and 2010, which consists of 20,758 papers and 8,112 patents. The authors analyzed numbers of papers and patents to examine the trends in the papers and patents in different countries, organizations and individuals. The results indicate upward growth in both papers and patents in fuel cell, with a higher growth rate for papers. The study shows that major paper and patent output are concentrated in a small number of countries. An imbalance exists between the number of papers published and the patents granted in organizations. The organizations that published papers and patents vary in type and category. Very few individual researchers are able to produce high numbers of both papers and patents.

隨著傳統期刊逐漸採用電子形式出刊，也帶動投稿及評閱過程愈來愈多採用電子自動化之潮流。目前一般的線上投稿暨評閱系統雖然功能逐漸齊備，但仍少有推薦評閱者功能。為評估現有可推薦評閱者技術之表現，本文分別用標題、關鍵詞、摘要、全文4種不同長度的論文表示方式，搭配7種評閱者匹配法，其中包括向量空間模式下的4種相似度匹配法，及應用於OpenConf線上投稿系統中的3種主題式匹配法，交叉組合出4×7＝28種推薦模式。測試結果顯示，向量空間模式匹配法優於主題式匹配法。又所有推薦模式中，以摘要為論文表示方式，搭配向量空間模式的餘弦相似度匹配法，其推薦效果最好。As more e-journals appear and the e-review process becomes more popular, the demand for automatic recommendation of a good peer reviewer has been ever increasing. To automate the process of paper reviewer recommendation, this work evaluates four kinds of paper representations, which include full text, abstract, title, and author defined keywords. To match reviewers with papers, this work evaluates seven scoring methods including three topic-based methods from OpenConf, a popular online submission system with source, and four similarity-based methods from the vector space model of traditional information retrieval. The results of the 28 experiments show that recommendation methods based on the vector space model are better than the three topic-based methods of OpenConf in most document representations. Among them, the abstract paper representation combined with cosine similarity matching measure has the highest average precision.

Paper-cut is not simply a form of traditional Chinese folk art. Lucky motifs developed in paper-cut certainly acquired profound cultural connotations. As paper-cut is a time-honoured skill across the nation, interpreting those motifs requires cultural receptiveness and anthropological sensitivity. The author of this article analyzes examples of paper-cut from Northern Shaanxi, China, to identify the cohesive motifs and explore the auspiciousness of the specific concepts of Fu, Lu, Shou, Xi. The paper-cut of Northern Shaanxi is an ideal representative of the craft as a whole because of the relative stability of this region in history, in terms of both art and culture. Furthermore, its straightforward style provides a clear demonstration of motifs regarding folk understanding of expectations for life.

Japan’s detainment of Chinese fishing boats in 2010 and purchase of China’s Diaoyu Islands in 2012 tremendously harmed diplomatic relations between China and Japan, and had a negative impact on bilateral trade. This paper aims to analyze the impact of China-Japan relations and China’s participation in the Japan-centered East Asian production network on China’s export quality. The empirical research results based on the trade data of the mechanical and electrical industries indicate that China’s participation in the Japan-centered triangle trade enhances the quality of Chinese mechanical and electrical exports, and China should continue to strive for its integration into the Japan-centered East Asian production network.

Call for Papers and Author Guidelines (Chinese)

研究是重要的知識探索過程，採用嚴謹的研究方法與適當的統計分析技術，清楚且有系統的呈現研究發現，能促進學域知識的發展。高品質的學術論文，是學域專業彰顯最重要的支撐。因此為瞭解圖書資訊學研究的發展趨勢，其研究方法與統計分析技術的應用，是相當值得探討的議題。鑑此，本研究針對近四十年來刊登在《教育資料與圖書館學》期刊之1,540篇研究論文，進行書目計量與內容分析，並依其刊物沿革、宗旨及演進過程，將研究期間區隔為四期，探析其自1970年創刊迄2010年所刊載的論文特徵，包括文章類型、論文語文、主題類別、論文結構、研究方法及統計分析技術等面向。研究結果發現，在文章類型上，第一期的文章類型共11種類型最多；在語文類別上，以中文論文刊載為主；在主題類別上，所刊載之論文以「圖書資訊學」（66%）所占比例最高，其次是「教育」（15%）；另在論文結構部分，有42篇（2.73%）的論文採用ILMRAD結構撰寫論文，另有8篇採用IMRAD結構，且多集中於第四期。至於最常採用的研究方法為調查法，其中主題類別為「圖書資訊學」的論文採調查法（46.63%）最多；次為「教育」類論文，約12%採用調查法；而最常採用的統計分析技術是量化敘述統計（60.11％），次為T檢定（9.27％）。Research is the important process of knowledge exploration. Domain knowledge development can be improved by using research design and proper statistical methods meticulously as well as clearly and systematically displaying research results. In order to find out the evolving trend of Library and Information Science, its research design and statistical method is a topic worth exploring. By applying bibliometric and content analysis, this study investigates the 1,540 research papers published in the Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences (JoEMLS) in the last 40 years. According to its history and mission statement, the researchers separate time span from 1970 to 2010 into four period, exploring the features of those published papers, including the type of articles, article languages, topics, structures, research designs and statistical methods. The results show as follow. During period 1, the type of articles are diversities. In addition , Chinese papers are dominate. Moreover, the top 3 categories of research papers are the study of “Library and Information Science”(66%), follows by the “Education”(15%). As for the paper structure, there are 2.73% papers applying ILMRAD and only 8 papers of them applying IMRAD. The most commonly adopted research design is Survey Method, among them, the study of “Library and Information Science” used more often (46.63%). As to the most commonly used statistical method is Descriptive Statistics (60.11%), secondly the T-Test(9.27％).

本研究以電子與電機產業為例,從其發明專利產量與科學論文產量的觀點探討科學與技術之關係。先前的研究多數透過對技術專利與科學文獻之間的引用來探討關於科學與技術的連結,但這樣的角度僅能呈現其相互影響的部分面向。因此本研究選擇以電子與電機產業專利表現極佳的20家世界知名公司為例,從同一個公司之專利產量與科學文獻產量的角度切入,探討科學與技術兩者之間的關連,並分別從其被引用狀況,分析企業產出專利與發表科學論文後所造成的影響程度。此外本研究也分析各公司的技術週期時間(TechnologyCycleTime,TCT),探討TCT與Patent-PaperRatio之間的關連,並改良即時影響指數(ModifiedCurrentImpactIndex,ModifiedCII)的計算方法使其同時適用於專利與論文,進而比較各公司的專利與論文之即時影響指數。其中發明專利與科學論文分別檢索自USPTO與WoS資料庫,於1989年至2008年間之資料。研究結果顯示,雖然近20年來電子與電機領域的科學論文成長幅度比技術專利大,但該領域中技術專利表現最優秀的20個公司的科學論文發表狀況與產生的影響力卻與其專利數量與影響力之間關連不顯著。本結果對於電子與電機領域之公司在技術與科學之間的連結關係提供一項新的實務證據。This study investigates the relation between production of utility patents and scientific papers in the electrical and electronic (E&E) industry. Unlike most prior researches delving into the link between science and technology through patent citations and paper citations, this article takes top 20 companies in the E&E industry as an example to examine the link between science and technology in terms of the productivity of patents and papers in one company. It also probes into patent citations and paper citations respectively and its consequences. Furthermore, this approach analyzes the link between Technology Cycle Time (TCT) and Patent-Paper Ratio (PtPR) and adopts the modified calculation, Modified Current Impact Index (Modified CII), to fit patents as well as papers. The source data are retrieved from top 20 companies’ patents and papers granted by the USPTO and covered in WoS database for the period of 1989-2008. Results from this analysis demonstrate that there is little connection between productivity and impact of papers and patents of these top 20 companies. These findings provide new empirical evidences about the linkage between technology and science at E&E industry level.

This paper discusses the Mr. Wang Lansheng's arguments about the origin of petroleum. It is well known that metal elements and their isotopes can be combined with organic compounds to form coordinating ions or complex compounds, which can be applied to petroleum tracing and isotopic dating. The Fischer-Tropsch reaction can synthesize different kinds of hydrocarbons (including crude oils), under different catalysts, higher temperatures and pressures. Daqing's exploration shows that abiogenic gas not only is existent, but also can form big gas reservoirs, such as the Xincheng Gas Pool. In the Tarim Basin, the Silurian bitumen whose reserves are 917.8×108t was generated by inorganic reaction rather than by organic matter. Abiogenic oil and gas were also found in meteorites and in continental scientific drillings. Some other topics related to the origin of petroleum are also discussed. According to the inorganic origin theory of petroleum, some exploration targets are presented in this paper. Key words: inorganic origin, metal isotope, Fischer-Tropsch reaction, exploration target

Call for Papers and Guidelines for Contributors

JCIR中文版征稿启事及来稿规范 Call for Papers and Guidelines for Contributors

The growth in popularity of the World Wide Web has dramatically changed the way undergraduate students conduct information searches. The purpose of this study is to investigate what core quality criteria undergraduate students use to evaluate Web resources for their class papers and to what extent they evaluate the Web resources. This study reports on five Web page evaluations and a questionnaire survey of thirty five undergraduate students in the Information Technology and Informatics Program at Rutgers University. Results show that undergraduate students have become increasingly sophisticated about using Web resources, but not yet sophisticated about searching them. Undergraduate students only used one or two surface quality criteria to evaluate Web resources. They made immediate judgments about the surface features of Web pages and ignored the content of the documents themselves. This research suggests that undergraduate instructors should take the responsibility for instructing students on basic Web use knowledge or work with librarians to develop undergraduate students information literacy skills.

頁次：44-53

頁次：4-10The Library Association of China (LAC) has announced its White Paper to Library Development - ROC 2000 in April 2000 to serve as a guideline for the future direction of library/information services in the 21st century. It took five long years for this document to reach its completion. The drafting of the document was initiated by Professor C.K. Wang at his Presidency of LAC in 1994, and accomplished by Dr. Margaret Fung at her Presidency of LAC in 1999. Announced by Professor S.H. Huang, the current President of LAC, in April 2000, and wished to promote the legislative process of Library Law in Legislative Yuan. Library Law was passed in January, 2001. White Paper to Library Development has played an vital role in this movement. This paper highlights the essence of the document.

The cell-free biosensor is a tool designed to detect trace substances based on a cell-free system, which solves the problems of the traditional cell-based biosensor including having no ability to detect toxic substances, long response time, being controlled by living cells, and inconvenient operation. In recent years, cell-free biosensors have attracted extensive attention for their wide detection range, fast response speed, high sensitivity and portability. In this paper, the construction and characteristics of different types of cell-free sensors are reviewed. In addition, their applications in the detection of metal ions, pesticide residues and veterinary drug residues are introduced, and future prospects also are discussed.

Due to the high viscosity and bulk complexity of crude oil samples, it poses a grand challenge to determine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in them. Although many methods have been developed for the analysis of H2S in complex systems, these methods generally have complex processes, large analysis error and low sensitivity. In the study, based on the reaction between triazine and H2S by generating thiadiazine, a small volume of complex crude oil sample was introduced directly into a triazine solution using acetonitrile as solvent for transferring H2S into detectable species by organic mass spectrometry. The experimental parameters of solution composition, acetic acid content, reaction time and reaction temperature were optimized, and the method of paper spray ionization-mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) was established for rapid analysis of H2S in complex crude oil samples. An optimal performance was achieved when the reaction of triazine and H2S was carried out at 30 ℃ for 2 h with acetonitrile containing 0.1% acetic acid as solvent. The standard curve for the quantitative analysis of H2S was constructed according to the linear relationship between MS signal intensity of resulting thiadiazine and the concentration of H2S, which was applied for actual crude oil samples from different sources. The results showed that the linear range and the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.1-1 000 μg/L and 0.041 μg/L with intra-day precision of 3.04% and inter-day precision of 3.18%, respectively. The PSI-MS was also employed to determine H2S in different actual crude oil samples, and the spiked recovery was 91.7%-103.5% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2%-4.5%. This method has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, high sensitivity and less contamination to mass spectrometer, which is promising for the direct and fast analysis of H2S in complex crude oil samples.

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Objective: To reduce the rejection rate of ZJ17 cigarette machine, shorten the adjustment time and improve the production efficiency. Methods: The rubber roller phase alignment device was developed to accurately measure the position of the rubber line by the sensor, and the measurement signal was transmitted to the industrial computer in real time. The shaft encoder signal was used to judge the offset of the rubber line, and the servo motor was driven to automatically adjust the phase of the rubber roll, so as to realize the real-time control of the position of the rubber line. Results: The rubber roller phase alignment device was easy to install and easy to maintain. The debugging time of the equipment was significantly shortened, and the debugging smoke branches are reduced from more than 30 000 before the transformation to within 1 000. Conclusion: The application of rubber roller phase alignment device improves production efficiency, and the cost reduction and efficiency are significantly effective.

Objective: The pyrolysis transfer rate of aglycones from 7 kinds of glucosides added to cigarette paper in mainstream and sidestream smoke was studied. Methods: 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol glucoside, menthol glucoside, anisyl alcohol glucoside, leaf alcohol glucoside, phenylethanol glucoside, ethyl vanillin glucoside and vanillin glucoside were applied to the surface of cigarette paper and inject into cigarette according to the 0.01% of the weight of cut tobacco respectively. The transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream smoke and side stream smoke were determined under two kinds of flavoring methods. On this basis, the transfer rules of seven aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke were studied when the concentration of 0.001%, 0.010% and 0.050% was applied to cigarette paper. Results: In mainstream smoke, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in cut tobacco were higher than those added to cigarette paper, but the opposite was true in sidestream smoke; 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol had the highest transfer rate of aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke, and menthol had the lowest transfer rate, followed by leaf alcohol, anisyl alcohol, phenylethanol, ethyl vanillin and vanillin. Under the condition of 0.001% addition, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke were 0.27%~1.24% and 0.42%~1.71% respectively, 0.010% addition were 0.38%~1.87% and 0.54%~2.52% respectively, 0.050% addition were 0.31%~1.56% and 0.47%~2.19% respectively. Conclusion: The transfer rates of seven aglycones in side stream smoke were higher than those in mainstream smoke at three additive gradients, the transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of addition.

Detection of uric acid is crucial for real-time monitoring of human health. In this work, a method of portable scanner-based quantitative detection of uric acid with a smartphone was developed, meanwhile, a filter paper chip was designed and fabricated for the detection process, which provides an on-site, fast, and accurate measurement of the uric acid in human blood serum. The limit of detection was 0.8 mg/dL, and the detection results of human serum samples showed good agreement between the spectrophotometric method and the proposed one. This method does not require complex operations or expensive instruments, which is suitable for resource-limited areas, users’ home, as well as on-site detection, with wide applications and broad market prospects.

In order to promote the transformation and development of China’s economy and cope with the realistic challenges posed by the global economic recession and slowing domestic economic growth, the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress adopted a strategic resolution on developing the “new economy” and fostering new drivers of growth. Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province, is one of the cities in China which firstly begin to carry out the layout of the new economy development. While achieving results, it also faces many troubles due to its insufficient cognition of the connotation, definition, and path of the “new economy.” The paper is based on a theoretical study in combination with the new economic development of Chengdu’s five new paths, to analyze the concept and connotation of the “new economy.” It also analyzes from the perspective of higher dimensional reconstruction and new strategic path of economic development, in order to add some insights to the theorectical study and to promote better strategic value of the new economy.

This paper introduces three current major university ranking systems. The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities by Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT Ranking) emphasizes both the quality and quantity of research and current research performance. The Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tung University (ARWU) focuses on outstanding performance of universities with indicators such as Nobel Prizewinners. The QS World University Ranking (2004-2009) by Times Higher Education (THE-QS) emphasizes on peer review with high weighting in evaluation. This paper compares the 2009 ranking results from the three ranking systems. Differences exist in the top 20 universities in three ranking systems except the Harvard University, which scored top one in all of the three rankings. Comparisons also revealed that the THE-QS favored UK universities. Further, obvious differences can be observed between THE-QS and the other two rankings when ranking results of some European countries(Germany, UK, Netherlands, & Switzerland) and Chinese speaking regions were compared.

Due to the tremendous increase and variation in serial publications, faculties in university departments are finding it difficult to collect, generate and update their departmental core article ranked lists regularly and accurately. In addition, both students and researchers are finding it difficult to find and study the most significant papers for their departments or interested journals. Furthermore, editors want to trace and analyze the more highly cited articles published in their journals over different time spans. Therefore, the evaluation of a departmental and journal core article ranked list is an important task for faculties, students and editors. In this study, a Computer-Aided Paper Bibliometric System was implemented and four article citation ranking indicators (RCC, TCC, R/T PI and R/T CH) were proposed in order to generate a departmental and journal core article ranking list. These four indicators were designed to satisfy different audiences’ requirements. Four departments and ten journals were taken as samples, with a Department of Information Management and journal of MIS Quarterly as the major one. Several citation patterns were found. All Turning Points (TP) were located at the 4th segment (TP Site: 0.28) for all departments and journals by the TCC indicator. Through the RCC indicator, TPs from different departments or journals were classified into two types. The TP site of Type I was 0.07 and Type II was 0.14. Both RCC and TCC also have their own similar scatter charts. These patterns could be helpful in deciding the core article area or evaluating the experiment results. After comparing these four indicators via the Coefficient of Correlation, both RCC and TCC can obtain more than 0.5 and 0.9 correlation factors with their own extended indicators. The experimental results show that (TCC, TPI, TCH) and (RCC, RPI, RCH) were measured to be at an acceptable level.

無Conference proceedings are becoming increasingly important for Sci-Tech communication especially in highly dynamic and mult-disciplinary fields of knowledge. How to access to conference proceedings becoming more important for Libraries. Collects and analyzes data about conference literature in the field of library from Library and Information Science Abstracts, Library Literature. Describing them in year division. This study presented describing the state of conference literature situation in the very diverse conditions that govern information dissemination in the libraries. This analysis shows the history, influence and value of conference papers and proceedings source for librarians.

The rich Chinese oral history collections at Columbia University mainly consist of the Chinese Oral History Project collection, the China Missionaries Project collection, the Academia Sinica Institute of Modern History Oral History collection, and the Zhang Xueliang (Chang Hsueh-liang, or Peter H. L. Chang) Oral History collection. This article intends to provide essential information on what is available, how to navigate through the multitudes of the collections, and how to communicate requests for access to Columbia libraries. It offers as an updated, comprehensive, consistent overview of Chinese oral history collections at Columbia for better access by users and librarians alike, particularly for Chinese-language users in Taiwan and China. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

Metal hydride hydrogen storage is a hydrogen storage method based on the principle of chemical absorption. Featuring high volumetric hydrogen storage density and high safety, its potential applications in the field of hydrogen storage on ships have attracted significant attention. Against this background, there is a series of issues to be studied, such as material properties, reactor performance, thermal management systems, cost, etc. This paper categorizes metal hydride hydrogen storage technology, summarizes its working principle and research progress on its material properties, and introduces its applications on ships. Next, combined with the application environment and demands of hydrogen ships, the paper analyzes the technological and economic feasibility of the application of metal hydride hydrogen storage technology on ships. To meet the requirements of hydrogen ships for hydrogen storage capacity and release rate, research on marine metal hydride hydrogen storage systems is introduced, including hydrogen storage system performance research, hydrogen storage reactor structure, reactor structure optimization and design ideas for thermal management systems coupled with marine fuel cell and hydrogen storage systems. Finally, the research direction of marine metal hydride hydrogen storage systems is predicted and summarized.

ObjectiveThis paper analyzes and models the core logic of a strike chain in terms of time sensitivity, reconfiguration and coverage, thereby providing model and method support for improving the dynamic management ability of naval combat resources under confrontation conditions. MethodsFirst, the typical combat platforms and elements related to the cross-domain cooperative combat of naval battlefields, such as escort ships, UAVs and unmanned boats, are abstracted into four types of resource nodes, namely detection, processing, decision-making and strike. Next, taking the shortest delay as the goal and considering constraints such as wide battlespace, low transmission rate between nodes and limited communication distance, the dynamic integration optimization mathematical model of the strike chain is established. A typical air defense scenario is then designed to demonstrate the shortest delay analysis of the strike chain and the destruction reconstruction analysis under the absence or attack of nodes, and quantitatively describe the changes of the shortest delay and sector coverage index of the reorganized strike chain under countermeasure conditions. Finally, based on a typical combat example of a Ukrainian unmanned cluster attack on the Black Sea Fleet, the ability of the fleet to resist the attack is analyzed on basis of the strike chain model. ResultsThe simulation results show that the model can be used to generate multiple strike chains with the shortest delays, and the responsibility division of each strike chain can be optimized, forming a multi-target killing network at sea. The destruction reconstruction of the strike chain often needs to pay such costs as increased delay and decreased sector coverage. The model can also be used to test anti-saturation attack ability under different formations.ConclusionsThis paper studies and validates the feasibility of analyzing the naval warfare system based on the strike chain model, and can provide theoretical model support for the subsequent design of future naval joint combat systems oriented to the killing network.

The application of offshore wind power gangways ensures the normal operation of offshore wind turbines and provides reliable support for optimizing the boarding process, improving the operation and maintenance efficiency, and reducing the cost of wind power projects. This paper provides an overview of the development history and technological progress of gangways, and analyzes the main equipment in this field and its performance at home and abroad, as well as discussing the key technologies of offshore wind turbine gangways in such aspects as motion sensing and data analysis, compensation control and execution, structural design and reliability, and composite material application. It is pointed out that the parallel platform is the mainstream offshore gangway actuator; wave compensation is the core of equipment performance and the source of competitiveness; and advanced wave compensation technology depends on the development of sensor technology, artificial intelligence technology and other multidisciplinary development. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis for researchers and practitioners in the field of offshore wind power gangways, providing valuable references for subsequent technology exploration.

China has successfully launched six lunar probes so far. From Chang’E-1 to Chang’E-4, they completed the circling, landing and roving exploration, of which Chang’E-4 was the first landing on the far side of the Moon in human history. Chang’ E-5 was launched in December 2020, bringing back 1731 g of lunar soil samples. Through the detailed analysis of the samples, the scientists understand the history of late lunar volcanism, specifically extending lunar volcanism by about 800 million to 1 billion years, and proposed possible mechanisms. In addition, there are many new understandings of space weathering such as meteorite impacts and solar wind radiation on the Moon. China’s first Mars exploration mission Tianwen-1 was successfully launched in July 2021. Through the study of scientific data, a number of important scientific achievements have been made in the topography, water environment and shallow surface structure of Mars. This paper introduces the main scientific achievements of Chang’E-4, Chang’E-5 and Tianwen-1 in the past two years, excluding technical and engineering contents. Due to the large number of articles involved, this paper only introduces part of the results.