Search

This study aims to identify syntactic and semantic description patterns from summaries of fiction books or book chapters created by children. These patterns can be considered as a metadata scheme that describes the main content of a book. Two groups of primary school students in Hong Kong, ages 8–11, were invited to read a Chinese fiction book and an English fiction book and were asked to write a summary. Ten syntactic and semantic description patterns were identified from the summaries. These patterns can be used to enhance the description of fiction books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over time, the renowned Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) has grown to become one of the most comprehensive online databases for biological procedures. The majority of the data are stored in the form of pathways, which are graphs that depict the relationships between the diverse items participating in biological procedures, such as genes and chemical compounds. However, the size, complexity, and diversity of these graphs make them difficult to explore and understand, as well as making it difficult to extract a clear conclusion regarding their most important components. In this regard, we present KEGGSum, a system enabling the efficient and effective summarization of KEGG pathways. KEGGSum receives a KEGG identifier (Kid) as an input, connects to the KEGG database, downloads a specialized form of the pathway, and determines the most important nodes in the graph. To identify the most important nodes in the KEGG graphs, we explore multiple centrality measures that have been proposed for generic graphs, showing their applicability to KEGG graphs as well. Then, we link the selected nodes in order to produce a summary graph out of the initial KEGG graph. Finally, our system visualizes the generated summary, enabling an understanding of the most important parts of the initial graph. We experimentally evaluate our system, and we show its advantages and benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to present linguistic, pragmatic, and sociocultural features of the paratexts of the Peresopnytsia Gospel and five complete Ukrainian translations of the Holy Scriptures. The ultimate goal of the study is to highlight the peritextual and epitextual dimensions of these translations and to classify translation paratexts, whose characteristics are determined by both the translator’s strategy and the mono-confessional or interconfessional requirements of translation commissioners. The article’s assumptions are grounded in the interdisciplinary approach at the interface of translation studies, biblical studies, religious studies, and historiography. The objective of developing a classification of paratexts in Bible translations within historical, theoretical, and critical contexts is accomplished via the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, and modelling. The interpretive textual and cultural analysis methods are applied to identify and explain cultural, national, and religiously determined connotations of the paratexts. The comparative translation analysis provides a historically based translation quality assessment. As a result, paratexts of Ukrainian Bible translations have been classified according to thematic and pragmatic criteria. The paratextual dimensions of Bible translation are marked with 1) blurred agency (in many cases, it is difficult to determine the contribution of the translator or theological and literary editors), 2) restrictive requirements of the commissioner, 3) the impact of the overall translation strategy on the nature, type, and content of paratexts. However, no restrictions can conceal the implicit reader of each of these translations, to whom the paratexts appeal as a “second voice” of the main text. Paratexts of the first partial Ukrainian translations of the Holy Scriptures of the Confessionalism period (second half of the 16th century) are characterised by didacticism and a mono-confessional political orientation. The most important translation of that time, the Peresopnytsia Gospel, is analysed to specify the following types of verbal paratexts: 1) identification, containing data on the commissioner/publisher and the translators, as well as the date and place of its creation; 2) informative, providing all additional information not found in the prototext, including brief paraphrases of the main text, dates of the church calendar, and information on the structure of the book; they are often mono-confessional and polemical; 3) meta-lingual, explaining Church Slavonic vocabulary in glosses with Ukrainian equivalents or providing Ukrainian synonyms for Ukrainian words. The findings of the study prove that all complete translations of the Holy Scriptures into Ukrainian, both at the textual and paratextual levels, adhered to the principles of interconfessionality, accessibility for all Christians, and “functional loyalty”. The footnotes were the most important paratexts of the Ukrainian Bible translations made under the auspices of Bible Societies. Only in translations of the Bible of the 21st century does a preface appear, either a short one with general information about the translation strategy (Modern Translation, 2020) or a lengthy one with a detailed justification for the choice of the prototext’s language, a comparative table of the canons of the Old and New Testaments in different translations, and general information about the content of the Bible (New Translation, 2011). The footnotes in all Ukrainian translations done under the auspices of Bible Societies are divided into: explanations of biblical metaphor; explanations of the etymology of proper names; explanations of biblical traditions; alternative readings; foreign language equivalents; and meta-lingual explanations. The prevalence and peculiarities of footnotes depend upon the translation strategy. Thus, only among the footnotes in Ohiyenko’s translation can we trace such types as literal translations of complicated biblical metaphors and explanations of etymological wordplay. In addition, explanations of biblical metaphors are quantitatively prevalent in this translation. Such paratextual features are explained by the principle of foreignization, on which this translation is based. The Modern Translation by R. Turkoniak, in tandem with the Revising Committee of the Ukrainian Bible Society, aims to bring the Scriptures closer to the modern believer, not least through its footnotes. While Ohiyenko’s footnotes offer an alternative reading of some verses in “sacred” languages (Latin, Greek, and Church Slavonic), Turkoniak provides equivalents from translations into modern European languages and previous Ukrainian translations. The elements of “modernization” in the footnotes include vernacular vocabulary and associations with the realities and values of today. The interconfessional nature of Ukrainian translations of the Bible becomes visible in the church affiliations of the agents, such as the tandem of Orthodox Kulish and Greek Catholic Puluj, the cooperation of Ohiyenko, the Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and Protestant pastors Kuziv and Zhabko-Potapovych, the New (2011) and Modern (2020) translations as part of the project of the Ukrainian Bible Society, which brought together representatives of all denominations of independent Ukraine. “The Roman Bible” of 1963, the only mono-confessional complete Ukrainian translation of the Holy Scriptures, contains some doctrinal and numerous national paratexts, which were highly topical during the Soviet occupation of Ukraine. Besides, the literary editors of this translation, prominent Ukrainian writers Kostetskyi, Barka, and Orest-Zerov, professed Orthodoxy. As a result of their controversial tandem with the translator, Greek-Catholic priest Khomenko, the translation text alludes to the works of the classics of Ukrainian literature, especially Taras Shevchenko. Ukrainian translations of the Bible, published under the auspices of Bible societies or churches, resulted from the ascetic work of charismatic individuals who devoted their entire lives to this project. This enhances the importance of studying epitextual materials, especially the translators’ correspondence and research profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we share what we learned about undergraduates' struggles in writing quality summaries, comparison texts, and argumentative essays that were components of a unique course, Learning How to Learn. This course was designed to address core psychological issues that impede optimal learning for students from all majors, many of whom are preparing to attend professional or graduate school. Although never intended to be a course devoted to academic writing, the struggles we uncovered made it apparent that without addressing these students' writing difficulties, especially with argumentation, optimal learning was not achievable. For each form of writing central to the course (i.e., summaries, comparisons, and argumentation), we not only describe the challenges we have documented over the past six years, but also the instructional responses we instituted to counter those challenges. We conclude by sharing insights we have garnered from this experience that may serve others who are confronting similar issues in their students' writing abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A persistent data structure, also known as a multiversion data structure in the database literature, is a data structure that preserves all its previous versions as it is updated over time. Every update (inserting, deleting, or changing a data record) to the data structure creates a new version, while all the versions are kept in the data structure so that any previous version can still be queried. Persistent data structures aim at recording all versions accurately, which results in a space requirement that is at least linear to the number of updates. In many of today’s big data applications, in particular, for highspeed streaming data, the volume and velocity of the data are so high that we cannot afford to store everything. Therefore, streaming algorithms have received a lot of attention in the research community, which uses only sublinear space by sacrificing slightly on accuracy. All streaming algorithms work by maintaining a small data structure in memory, which is usually called a sketch, summary, or synopsis. The summary is updated upon the arrival of every element in the stream, thus it is ephemeral, meaning that it can only answer queries about the current status of the stream. In this article, we aim at designing persistent summaries, thereby giving streaming algorithms the ability to answer queries about the stream at any prior time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Propósitos y Representaciones is the property of Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To help users get familiar with large RDF graphs, RDF summarization techniques can be used. In this work, we study quotient summaries of RDF graphs, that is: graph summaries derived from a notion of equivalence among RDF graph nodes. We make the following contributions: (i) four novel summaries which are often small and easy-to-comprehend, in the style of E–R diagrams; (ii) efficient (amortized linear-time) algorithms for computing these summaries either from scratch, or incrementally, reflecting additions to the graph; (iii) the first formal study of the interplay between RDF graph saturation in the presence of an RDFS ontology, and summarization; we provide a sufficient condition for a highly efficient shortcut method to build the quotient summary of a graph without saturating it; (iv) formal results establishing the shortcut conditions for some of our summaries and others from the literature; (v) experimental validations of our claim within a tool available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated summary evaluation is proposed as an alternative to rubrics and multiple-choice tests in knowledge assessment. Inbuilt rubric is a recent Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) method that implements rubrics in an artificially-generated semantic space. It was compared with classical LSA's cosine-based methods assessing knowledge in a within-subjects design regarding two validation sources: a comparison with the results of rubric scores and multiple-choice tests, and the sensitivity of predicting the academic level of the test-taker. Results showed a higher reliability for inbuilt rubric (from Pearson correlation coefficient.81 to.49) over the classical LSA method (from.61 to.34), and a higher sensitivity using binary logistic regressions and effect sizes to predict academic level. It is concluded that inbuilt rubric has a qualitatively higher reliability and validity than classical LSA methods in a way that is complementary to models based on semantic networks. Thus, it is concluded that new automated summary evaluation approaches such as the inbuilt rubric method can be practical in terms of reliability and efficiency, and, thus, they can offer an affordable and valuable form of knowledge assessment in different educational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to assist and enrich the laboratory and teaching practice in technical and vocational education with preliminary information, examples and solved tasks. The advantages of electronic modeling, which is designed to facilitate the ever-expanding electronization of the learning process, are explained. The synthesis of combinatoric summers is a task related to the methodology of practical study of digital and logic circuits through a programmable logic controller. The schematic examples are intended for students, students, teachers - specialists and lecturers in all technical specialties of vocational high schools, colleges and universities. Examples are presented illustrating the advantages of electronic modeling in research and design, the possible application of software products for electronics in the automation of engineering work and in non-electrical subjects such as electrical engineering, electrical equipment, mechatronics and others. The programmable logic controller "LOGO" from Siemens is easily portable, simplified enough to study the programming with it and, moreover, the virtual simulation of the circuits can be monitored at every stage of their operation. The teaching practice shows that the combination of LOGO's PLC programming environment and the study of the synthesis of combinational aggregators in this environment gives the fastest and highest results in the learning process, especially in nonelectronic specialties. The method can also be successfully applied in design practice. The Siemens LOGO module is highly functional and easy to operate. It runs and runs on Windows, Linux, MacOSX. Programs can be tested, recorded, printed and archived independently of the controller. LOGO on a modular principle is easily portable, needs fewer accessories and can be expanded as needed. Other advantages include simple installation and easy programming. The LOGO controller remembers the program permanently, it is not erased when the power is turned off. The program remains stored until it is deleted with the corresponding command. The program part can be used for computer simulations of synthesized circuits and without the physical presence of the controller. The best result compared to other simulators is obtained with the CEEMS controller due to its main advantages of visualizing the work environment. The simplicity of installation and uninstall, the poor computer requirements, the ability to monitor and record all the simulation variants and the individual windows are discussed in this material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosion in the amount of the available RDF data has lead to the need to explore, query and understand such data sources. Due to the complex structure of RDF graphs and their heterogeneity, the exploration and understanding tasks are significantly harder than in relational databases, where the schema can serve as a first step toward understanding the structure. Summarization has been applied to RDF data to facilitate these tasks. Its purpose is to extract concise and meaningful information from RDF knowledge bases, representing their content as faithfully as possible. There is no single concept of RDF summary, and not a single but many approaches to build such summaries; each is better suited for some uses, and each presents specific challenges with respect to its construction. This survey is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of summarization method for semantic RDF graphs. We propose a taxonomy of existing works in this area, including also some closely related works developed prior to the adoption of RDF in the data management community; we present the concepts at the core of each approach and outline their main technical aspects and implementation. We hope the survey will help readers understand this scientifically rich area and identify the most pertinent summarization method for a variety of usage scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Slowianskiej is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia Educativa is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Temporis [Ação] is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infographics are a visualisation tool that can be used to improve retention, comprehension and appeal of complex concepts. The rise of infographic use in education has facilitated new forms of application and design of these tools. Instructor-provided summary infographics are a new form of infographic, whereby key learning objectives and content are summarised in graphical form at the end of a lesson. However, it is unknown whether these types of infographics can support learning in online environments. This exploratory research investigates student perceptions, retention, applications and activity generation of instructor-provided summary infographics in a massive online learning environment. Using both post-course learner survey data (n = 1,899) and text mining analysis (n = 72,490 words), results present how learners perceived instructor-provided summary infographics as useful and appealing for retaining, clarifying and understanding learning concepts. The research contributes a novel understanding of summary infographics in online learning environments, and supports their use as a design tool for educational delivery in the online space. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Various automatic summarization techniques exists, but none answers what a good summary should be objectively. In this paper we try to learn a ranking function for summaries by borrowing learning-to-rank techniques from the IR&ML Community. The learned ranking function can be helpful in various algorithms searching for good summaries. We design a set of uniform ranking features that are expected to capture different aspects of the relation between a summary and its source texts, and constructed a representative training data set using the orders given by ROUGE measures. The evaluation results show the effectiveness of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundance and ubiquity of graphs (e.g., online social networks such as Google $$+$$ and Facebook; bibliographic graphs such as DBLP) necessitates the effective and efficient search over them. Given a set of keywords that can identify a data subject (DS), a recently proposed keyword search paradigm produces a set of object summaries (OSs) as results. An OS is a tree structure rooted at the DS node (i.e., a node containing the keywords) with surrounding nodes that summarize all data held on the graph about the DS. OS snippets, denoted as size- l OSs, have also been investigated. A size- l OS is a partial OS containing l nodes such that the summation of their importance scores results in the maximum possible total score. However, the set of nodes that maximize the total importance score may result in an uninformative size- l OSs, as very important nodes may be repeated in it, dominating other representative information. In view of this limitation, in this paper, we investigate the effective and efficient generation of two novel types of OS snippets, i.e., diverse and proportional size- l OSs, denoted as DSize-l and PSize-l OSs. Namely, besides the importance of each node, we also consider its pairwise relevance (similarity) to the other nodes in the OS and the snippet. We conduct an extensive evaluation on two real graphs (DBLP and Google $$+$$ ). We verify effectiveness by collecting user feedback, e.g., by asking DBLP authors (i.e., the DSs themselves) to evaluate our results. In addition, we verify the efficiency of our algorithms and evaluate the quality of the snippets that they produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A latent semantic analysis-based automated summary assessment is described; this automated system is applied to a real learning from text task in a Distance Education context. We comment on the use of automated content, plagiarism, text coherence measures, and word weights average and their impact on predicting human judges summary scoring. A first regression analysis showed the independence of interparagraph coherence with respect to superficial text variables, advising its inclusion in a general regression model, along with content, plagiarism measures. The final regression model explains a considerable degree of variability in human judgment of summaries. Finally, we discuss several methodological implications and further applications of the automated summary scoring technique developed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The growing recognition of the importance of concisely communicating research evidence and other policy-relevant information to policymakers has underpinned the development of several information-packaging efforts over the past decade. This has led to a wide variability in the types of documents produced, which is at best confusing and at worst discouraging for those they intend to reach. This paper has two main objectives: to develop a better understanding of the range of documents and document names used by the organizations preparing them; and to assess whether there are any consistencies in the characteristics of sampled documents across the names employed to label (in the title) or describe (in the document or website) them. Methods We undertook a documentary analysis of web-published document series that are prepared by a variety of organizations with the primary intention of providing information to health systems policymakers and stakeholders, and addressing questions related to health policy and health systems with a focus on low- and middle-income countries. No time limit was set. Results In total, 109 individual documents from 24 series produced by 16 different organizations were included. The name 'policy brief/briefing' was the most frequently used (39%) to label or describe a document, and was used in all eight broad content areas that we identified, even though they did not have obviously common traits among them. In terms of document characteristics, most documents (90%) used skimmable formats that are easy to read, with understandable, jargon-free, language (80%). Availability of information on the methods (47%) or the quality of the presented evidence (27%) was less common. One-third (32%) chose the topic based on an explicit process to assess the demand for information from policy makers and even fewer (19%) engaged with policymakers to discuss the content of these documents such as through merit review. Conclusions This study highlights the need for organizations embarking on future information-packaging efforts to be more thoughtful when deciding how to name these documents and the need for greater transparency in describing their content, purpose and intended audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Object Summary (OS)is a recently proposed tree structure, which summarizes all data held in a relational database about a data subject. An OS can potentially be very large in size and therefore unfriendly for users who wish to view synoptic information about the data subject. In this paper, we investigate the effective and efficient retrieval of concise and informative OS snippets (denoted as size-l OSs). We propose and investigate the effectiveness of two types of size-l OSs, namely size-l OS(t)s and size-l OS(a)s that consist of l tuple nodes and l attribute nodes respectively. For computing size-l OSs, we propose an optimal dynamic programming algorithm, two greedy algorithms and preprocessing heuristics. By collecting feedback from real users (e.g., from DBLP authors), we assess the relative usability of the two different types of snippets, the choice of the size-l parameter, as well as the effectiveness of the snippets with respect to the user expectations. In addition, via thorough evaluation on real databases, we test the speed and effectiveness of our techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews and synthesizes the history of, and current research into, ‘summaries of Israel’s story’ (SIS). Particular attention is paid to work done by E. Stauffer, N.T. Wright, H.C. Kee, M.A. Elliot, and Joachim Jeska. This research, as well as investigations into rewritten Bible and other summaries, clarifies the nature of such summaries as a discrete compositional category. Following the review a synthesis of this scholarship will yield a compilation of canonical and extra-canonical SIS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose – QuikScan is an innovative text format that employs three prominent signaling devices – summaries, headings, and access cues – to make the reading of medium-to-long texts more productive. The experiments reported in this paper aim to examine the claim that QuikScan contributes to text recall. Design/methodology/approach – In two consecutive experiments a QuikScanned text (experimental condition) was compared to a non-QuickScanned text (control condition). In Experiment one, 41 university students read the text and then answered ten open recall questions. In Experiment two, 58 university students read the text and then wrote a summary and answered four recall questions. Findings – In Experiment one, a statistically significant overall effect on text recall favoring QuikScan was found. Detailed analyses revealed that QuikScan mainly affected the readers' responses to higher-order questions (d = 1.24). Experiment two showed that QuikScan led to significantly higher recall scores for the summaries. Just as in the first experiment, a strong effect on the higher-order questions was found (d = 1.27). Research limitations/implications – Further studies of QuikScan should include studies in naturalistic settings and should address selective reading and information navigation as well as text recall. SARA, a recent comprehensive theory of signaling, makes it possible to identify the individual functions of QuikScan's signaling devices and conduct revealing studies of QuikScan. Practical implications – QuikScan and other innovations that improve the reading experience can potentially increase the willingness of readers to read longer documents. Originality/value – QuikScan provides a unique combination of signaling devices. It can facilitate access and enhance text comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicologia Educativa is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public library catalogues in early twentieth-century Britain frequently included annotations, either to clarify obscure titles or to provide further information about the subject-matter of the books they described. Two manuals giving instruction on how to do this were published at that time. Following World War I, with the decline of the printed catalogue, this kind of annotation became rarer, and was almost confined to bulletins of new books. The early issues of the British National Bibliography included some annotations in exceptional cases. Parallels are drawn with the provision of table-of-contents information in present-day OPACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interestingness measures play an important role in data mining, regardless of the kind of patterns being mined. These measures are intended for selecting and ranking patterns according to their potential interest to the user. Good measures also allow the time and space costs of the mining process to be reduced. This survey reviews the interestingness measures for rules and summaries, classifies them from several perspectives, compares their properties, identifies their roles in the data mining process, gives strategies for selecting appropriate measures for applications, and identifies opportunities for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease calls for a new relationship between researchers and members of the public. This relationship is one that provides research information to patients and allows patients to provide ideas to researchers. One way to describe it is a “bidirectional translational relationship.” Despite the numerous sources of online and offline information about Alzheimer's disease, there is no information source which currently provides this interaction. This article proposes the creation an Alzheimer's research information source dedicated to monitoring Alzheimer's research literature and providing user friendly, publicly accessible summaries of data written specifically for a lay audience. This information source should contain comprehensive, updated, user friendly, publicly available, reviews of Alzheimer's research and utilize existing online multimedia/social networking tools to provide information in useful formats that help patients, caregivers, and researchers learn rapidly from one another. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aregular feature of Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, "In This Issue" briefly describes each issue's articles and highlights their contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces a series of articles which deals with manufacturing and supply chain management issues.

Presents abstracts of several operations management. "Decision Technologies for Agribusiness Problems: A Brief Review of Selected Literature and a Call for Research," by Timothy J. Lowe and Paul V. Preckel; "Controlling the Risk for an Agricultural Harvest," by Stuart J. Allen and Edmund W. Schuster; "Production Planning Under Yield and Demand Uncertainty With Yield-Dependent Cost and Price," by Burak Kazaz.

Introduces a series of articles about the airline industry, including airline schedule planning.