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The Use Case Diagram (UCD) is a visual form of system design that helps software developers comprehend the system behavior. Maintaining and updating the system can be a difficult task when it has no visualization of a system behavior or software requirement specification document. Reverse engineering is an approach used to extract software requirement specifications from the existing systems. Research in reverse engineering has shown various techniques in which the processes are not fully understood. This study analyzes the University Community Services Information System (UCSIS) as the existing system in three processes: identifying the system domain process, elaborating system features by implementing the event table, and constructing the use case realization. The results showed that a UCD could be generated through the reverse engineering process on the existing system. Furthermore, a new feature for system improvement can also be detected using this method. It is expected that the reverse engineering approach in this study can be used as guidance for the software development team in extracting the use case diagram from the existing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In software engineering, documentation is considered the best way to distinguish the main functions of the software. The lack of software documentation may lead to consuming time and effort during the software design phase, which finally affects the quality of software. For instance, without proper documentation, the software maintainability index would never get a reasonable mark. The research has been progressive originally as a resilient concept, once the concept is proved to be developable in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), the finishing product will be started to improve with satisfactory documentation. Also, software responsibility has caused complications, such as high costs of software repairs and inefficient process of knowledge transmission between developers. As a Software Reverse Engineering (SRE) method, this work uses a combination of an automatic class diagram creation tool with some manual tweaks, as well as source code analysis and comfortable interviews, to recover the product's design principles and requirement use cases. As a result, two documents will be produced: a Software Requirements Specification document and a Software Design Document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) process for producing one-piece removable partial dentures (RPDs) and to evaluate their fits in vitro.Materials and Methods: A total of 15 one-piece RPDs were designed using dental CAD and reverse engineering software and then fabricated with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) using CAM. The gaps between RPDs and casts were measured and compared with traditional cast framework RPDs.Results: Gaps were lower for one-piece PEEK RPDs compared to traditional RPDs.Conclusion: One-piece RPDs can be manufactured by CAD/CAM, and their fits were better than those of traditional RPDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing works of software watermarking have the intrinsic defects: watermarking is independent of program semantics and have weak strength and resilience to state-of-the-art reverse engineering such as symbolic execution, dynamic taint analysis and theorem proving. In this paper, we propose a semantic-integrated watermarking with tamper-proofing to mitigate such problems. This work chooses neural network as the “integrator” and skillfully integrates the watermarking and tamper-proofing module into program semantics. The difficult of reverse engineering or tampering with watermarked program is equal to extracting the rules from neural networks, which had be proven as a NP-hard problem. We have deployed our work in SPECint-2006 benchmarks to evaluate the overhead, strength and resilience. Experiment results show that our watermarking could effectively resist the state-of-the-art reverse engineering, and the introduced overhead is acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A domain model can provide compact information about its corresponding software system for business people. If the software system exists without its domain model and documentation it is time-consuming to understand its behavior and structure only from the code. Reverse Engineering (RE) tools can be used for obtaining behavior and structure of the software system from source code. After that the domain model can be created. A short overview and an example of obtaining the domain model, Topological Functioning Model (TFM), from source code are provided in the paper. Positive and negative effects of the process of TFM backward derivation are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish three-dimensional finite element model of two-piece post crown to the mandibular first molar residual roots, and analyze the stress distribution characteristic to the residual roots with different adhesives, so as to get the best combination under different conditions. Methods The complete mandibular first molar in vitro was selected, the crown was removed along the cemento-enamel junction, then the residual roots were scanned by CT. CT images were imported into a reverse engineering software, and the three-dimensional finite element model of the mandibular first molar residual roots was reconstructed. Titanium two-piece post crown of the mandibular first molar residual roots was produced, then was scanned by CT. The model was reconstructed and assembled by MIMICS. The stress distribution of the root canal and root section under the vertical load and lateral load with different bonding systems were analyzed. Results Three-dimensional finite element model of two-piece post crown to the mandibular first molar residual roots was established. With the increasing of elastic modulus of the adhesives, the maximum stress within the root canal was also increasing. Elastic modulus of zinc phosphate was the biggest, so the stress within the root canal was the biggest; elastic modulus of Superbond C&B was the smallest, so the stress within the root canal was the smallest. Lateral loading stress was much larger than the vertical load. Under vertical load, the load on the root section was even with different bonding systems. Under lateral load, the maximum stress was much larger than the vertical load. The stress on the root section was minimum using zinc phosphate binder, and the stress on the root section was maximum using Superbond C&B. Conclusion In two-piece post crown restorations, there is significant difference between different adhesives on tooth protection. When the tooth structure of the root canal orifices is weak, in order to avoid the occurrence of splitting, the larger elastic modulus bonding system is the first choice, such as zinc phosphate binder. When the resistance form of the root canal orifices is good enough but the root is too weak, it is suggested that the smaller elastic modulus bonding system is the first choice, such as Superbond C&B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software reverse engineering involves analyzing computer program executables to understand their structure, functionality, and behavior. In this paper, common reverse engineering functions are decomposed to isolate the information-processing and sensemaking subtasks involved. This paper reviews the applicable literature on eliciting mental models of software reverse engineers. Based on the literature, a taxonomy of common processes is developed which leads to a methodology to elicit and represent reverse engineers' mental models of the tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing and maintaining reliable object-oriented software requires a precise understanding of how individual classes must be used. Unfortunately, for many systems, especially those that are large, the available documentation is inadequate. Developers are left with incomplete information concerning the allowable set of call sequences that each class can accommodate. Techniques for reverse engineering this information and presenting it to developers in an intellectually scalable manner are critical. In this paper, we present four contributions to address this challenge. First, we describe a runtime trace collection system for large C++ applications. Second, we present a methodology for reverse engineering interface protocols from collected trace data. Third, we present a scalable, tunable algorithm for generating compact specifications of these protocols. Finally, we present a detailed case study involving the Mozilla Necko library. We consider popular applications in common use constructed using this library. The results are promising both in terms of the performance of the approach and the utility of the identified protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address the problem of generating quality surface triangle meshes from 3D point clouds sampled on piecewise smooth surfaces. Using a feature detection process based on the covariance matrices of Voronoi cells, we first extract from the point cloud a set of sharp features. Our algorithm also runs on the input point cloud a reconstruction process, such as Poisson reconstruction, providing an implicit surface. A feature preserving variant of a Delaunay refinement process is then used to generate a mesh approximating the implicit surface and containing a faithful representation of the extracted sharp edges. Such a mesh provides an enhanced trade-off between accuracy and mesh complexity. The whole process is robust to noise and made versatile through a small set of parameters which govern the mesh sizing, approximation error and shape of the elements. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a variety of models including laser scanned datasets ranging from indoor to outdoor scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes the case of a patient who required rehabilitation of their maxillary anterior teeth following a traumatic injury through a physical altercation. The decision was made to extract the maxillary central incisors and maxillary right lateral incisor, perform immediate implantation on the maxillary right lateral incisor and left central incisor areas, and place a three-unit immediate provisional restoration. Predesigned virtual teeth enabled efficient fabrication of the immediate provisional restoration following the implant placement. After a sufficient healing period with periodic check-ups, final impressions were made using a digital approach, with meticulous care taken to preserve the gingival architecture around the sites of rehabilitation. Thus, the custom abutments and definitive restoration were placed without eliciting an uncomfortable feeling in the patient. Both esthetic and functional outcomes were satisfactory. Reduced soft tissue volume around the implant restoration was observed, primarily within the two months post-extraction/implantation, based on superimposition of the serial scan data. Soft tissue volume changes in the present case suggest the need for controlled clinical studies of three-dimensional changes of gingival contours after extraction and/or implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the recent actions against reverse engineering in Great Britain. Definition of reverse engineering; Reasons for reverse engineering; Exceptions permitting reverse engineering of computer programs.