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A wide variety of surfactants are available in the market with different Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values; therefore, one must choose suitable surfactants and their concentration to give maximum effect in the final product in an early stage of formulation development. The required HLB value of the oil phase was determined by experiments and the emulsifier selected of the same HLB value reduced the number of formulations with increased stability and minimum quantity of emulsifier. This study reviews the importance of the required HLB system and methods of determining it. Further, it also provides the surfactants application in the production of coconut oil emulsion with butter-like properties. The Griffin approach does the conventional way of determining the required HLB value of the oil phase. Various emulsions were prepared with emulsifier blends of Span and Tween, covering all the HLB range as per the final product and emulsion type, and observed regarding their separating/emulsifying properties with variable time or concentration. Interfacial Tension (IFT), Droplet Size, Zeta potential, centrifugal separation measurements of the emulsion prepared with food-grade emulsifiers like Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), Distilled Monoglycerides (DMG), and Lecithin, was carried out to identify the best suitable emulsifier and its concentration which gives better emulsion stability. The coconut and sunflower oil blend (70:30, w/w) shows, the required HLB value is 3.7 when it emulsified with 60% of water and found that PGPR + DMG blend gives maximum emulsion stability at 3% of emulsifier concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Garlic oil and Eruca oil have been reported to have excellent antimicrobial activity. However, the exact knowledge of their required hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (rHLB) values to facilitate their emulsification are still not reported in the literature. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine rHLB values of Garlic and Eruca oils to formulate an elegant stable cream formulation enriched with both oils. Materials and methods: Emulsions of both oils were prepared by the bottle method using water, Tween 80 and Span 80. Formulated emulsions were evaluated for creaming index (CI), droplet size, and turbidity to determine rHLB. Utilizing determined rHLB, creams were formulated using a combination of two surfactants, Span 60:Brij 58 (1:2.333) at three different concentrations (2, 4, and 6%). Results: rHLB of Garlic oil and Eruca oil was determined to be 7.92 ± 0.27 and 9.76 ± 0.32, respectively. Stable cream (F1) developed with 2% surfactant blend showed elegant rheological properties, the best antimicrobial activity againstStaphyococcus aureusATCC29737, Escherichia coliATCC25299 S. aureus (MRSA), Malassezia fufur AUMC No. 5173with no skin irritation. In addition, its texture parameters and pH were found to be consistent over 12 months at 25 ± 1 °C and 60% relative humidity. Discussion: The lowest CI, smallest droplet size, and highest turbidity were obtained at the optimum surfactant concentration in the prepared emulsions. Increasing surfactant blend concentration in cream formulations leads to increasing viscosity and consequently decreasing antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: Determination of the rHLB of Garlic and Eruca oils allows the ease of preparation of stable, consistent, and non-irritant cream. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Different calculations of the hydrophilie-lipophilie balance (HLB) value of Sorbitan fatty acid ester are discussed in literature. Influence on the required HLB value of ethyl oleate was investigated using several emulsifier blends: Span 80/Tween 20, Oleth-3/Steareth-20, Oleth-5/Steareth-20, Oleth-3/PEG-40-Stearate. The calculations of the HLB value of Span 80 have a bearing influence on the determination of the required HLB value. The postulated transferability of the determined required HLB value by the Tween 20/Span 80 system compared to other emulsifier systems is depending on the used equation. Additionally, the required HLB values of the pharmaceutical oils coco-caprate/caprylate and cetearyl isononanoate were determined empirically by preparing submicron emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The goals of this articles are to find a correlation between the required HLB values and the solubility parameters of oils; find a more precise correlation between the required HLB values and the dielectric constant, than the one obtained by other authors; and to determine the required HLB values for o/w emulsions of solid fatty acids and alcohols from the values of the solubility parameters and dielectric constants, that could be more trustful than the ones obtained by the methodology proposed by Griffin. It was obtained lineal relation between required HLB and solubility parameter (r = 0.995). Also it was observed lineal relations between required HLB and dielectric constants or logarithm of the dielectric constant more precise than the one obtained by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turbidity ratio method of evaluating the stabilities of water-in-oil emulsions has been established with two wavelengths (450 and 850 nm) by taking the intensity ratio of two beams. The slopes of turbidity ratio of several water-in-oil emulsions with time were calculated to evaluate the emulsion stabilities at different HLB (Hydrophilie-Lipophile Balance), the amounts of emulsifiers, and water contents. The results of the turbidity ratio technique were consistent with the amount of phase separation of emulsions incubated for 30 days at room temperature. From the turbidity ratio measurements, we determined that the required HLB of diesel oil was about 6.0, and that the stability of emulsion increased with the amount of emulsifier. The increasing amount of the water showed a negative effect on emulsion stability. Finally, this method provides a useful tool for the quick evaluation of the required HLB and the condition of emulsification throughout this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]