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This study was aimed at identifying the most significant bacteria isolates in the udder quarters as pathogenic causes of subclinical mastitis, and as well to investigate antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated organisms. The study was carried out at three cattle farm locations in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total number of 105 apparently healthy lactating cows without udder inflammation were sampled for milk; sampling by hand stripping was done after swabbing the teats with cotton wool dipped in alcohol and discarding the first stripping. Culture and isolation techniques, as well as biochemical tests of milk samples from the four quarters of udders of the 105 apparently healthy cows were carried out. In addition, an in vitro antibacterial sensitivity test was performed for six classes of antibacterial agents. A test of independent assessment (Chi-square test) was used to determine if association existed between the bacterial species collectively isolated and the affected animals (p = 0.716) or quarters (p = <0.000). The study established the presence of subclinical mastitis associated with known pathogens of which Pseudomonas species (67.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (53.6%) and Escherichia coli (14.3%) were most significant in decreasing order of quarter distribution in average percentages. The study further revealed differences in susceptibility of the various quarters and spread of infection. The isolated pathogens were generally most susceptible to the fluoroquinolones while varying degrees of resistance was a finding for other classes of antibacterial used possibly due to their prolonged and indiscriminate use; and this calls for caution by animal health care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies (OMAD) / Osmanlı Mirası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the COVID-19 restrictions, hurling games have been played in four quarters instead of two halves. This study described the decrement in running performance between quarters in elite hurling. GPS (10 Hz) were used to collect data from 48 players over 20 games during 2018–2020 season. Total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), high-metabolic-load distance (HMLD), sprint-distance, and number of sprints (N-sprints) between quarters were assessed. Greater TD was covered in Q1 than Q3 (Cohen's d = 0.26). HSR and HMLD was greater in Q1 than Q2 (d = 0.45 and d = 0.55, respectively), Q3 (d = 0.34 and d = 44, respectively) and Q4 (d = 0.38 and d = 0.48, respectively). Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) across quarters. All positions experienced a drop-off in at least one quarter (d = 0.43–1.46) in all metrics except midfielders' TD and full-forwards' HSR and HMLD. Sprint-distance and N-sprints were similar (p > 0.05) in each quarter for all positions. Following Q1, players were able to maintain their running performance. The current results can aid the timing of substitutions especially in positions where temporal decrements were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their publication in the 1950s and 1980s respectively, the Commentaries on the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 have become a major reference for the application and interpretation of those treaties. The International Committee of the Red Cross, together with a team of renowned experts, is currently updating these Commentaries in order to document developments and provide up-to-date interpretations of the treaty texts. This article highlights key points of interest covered in the updated Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention. It explains the fundamentals of the Convention: the historical background, the personal scope of application of the Convention and the fundamental protections that apply to all prisoners of war (PoWs). It then looks at the timing under which certain obligations are triggered, those prior to holding PoWs, those triggered by the taking of PoWs and during their captivity, and those at the end of a PoW's captivity. Finally, the article summarizes key substantive protections provided in the Third Convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar (RUHM) is the property of Centro de Estudios de la Guerra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quantitative protein profiling of milk of Nili-Ravi buffaloes, Sahiwal and cross-bred cows were performed. Total proteins and caseins were the highest in milk of cross-bred cows while, whey proteins were the maximum in Sahiwal cow's milk. The mean values of milk total proteins were 78.103±1.878, 59.333±0.611 and 81.594±2.026 mg/mL for Nili-Ravi buffaloes, Sahiwal cows and cross-bred cows, respectively. The milk lactoserum proteins were comparatively higher in milk of Sahiwal cows (28.842±1.25mg/mL) followed by Nili-Ravi buffaloes (20.026±0.665mg/mL), and the lowest in cross-bred cow's milk (10.176±0.568mg/mL). The mean value of caseins in milk of Nili-Ravi buffaloes was58.077±0.90mg/mL, while the least (30.491±1.15mg/mL) in Sahiwal cow's milk and the highest (71.418±1.20mg/mL) in milk of cross-bred cows. Effect of different quarters on milk protein profiles was non-significant in all three species/cattle breeds. Bulk milk contained 73.555±0.887 mg/mL total proteins, 19.586±0.767 mg/mL lactoserum proteins and 53.969±1.464 mg/mL caseins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Technique & Energy of APK is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Authors apologise for two errors within their published Article. These appear on pages 391 and 416. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focuses on the growth of Jerusalem in the nineteetnth century. Main religious communities; Division of communities according to differences of religious concepts; Influence of holy sites and heterogeneity of populations on the nature and pattern of the built-up area; Continuity in the development of the city before World War I, mainly because of the unique nature of Jerusalem as a Holy City.

In the present study, the effect of sub clinical mastitis (SCM) in the light of milk trace mineral profile was investigated. From 159 Holstein X Haryana (F1 generation) cattle examined culturally, 38 cows comprising 40 quarters were found SCM positive. The trace mineral profile revealed that iron, zinc and cobalt level increased significantly in SCM milk. Further investigation of correlation coefficient amongst them and with somatic cell count (SCC) designate them as indicator of SCM in crossbred cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A four years old Jamunapari goat was brought with the history of teat injury at left quarter with leaking of fresh milk from the site and blocked right quarter. Clinical examination showed fistulous opening on the mid region of left quarter. Infant feeding tube was placed in the both quarters. Milk drained out and three-layer closure was performed using no. 3-0 PGA and skin sutured with silk. Postoperatively, antibiotic and analgesic with local infusion were given. The animal showed complete recovery on 15th day without any complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future buildings will use technologies that are either well-known, innovative, or a combination thereof in order to be environmentally friendly and feasible at the same time. To evaluate and compare such systems through simulation, adaptive tools need to be available. This paper describes a conceived method for planning quarters and settlements. The novelty of this work emerges from the combination of a building simulation with a linear economic optimisation of the energy system, to achieve the energy-plus house standard for a settlement. Furthermore, the tools applied are adaptive or open source. In this article, a hypothetical basic example is given for a predefined idealised settlement, which consists of 132 single-family houses of one building type. The hourly demand for electrical energy and heat is established for three energy-efficiency classes for the building type with a dynamic simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK using the CARNOT toolbox. This toolbox is also used to calculate the specific electrical energy production by photovoltaics. The components for the energy system of the settlement are implemented in the open source linear optimisation tool URBS. An economic optimum for the energy system of the settlement is found for each of the energy efficiency classes for an accumulated energy demand of the buildings. In this way, a lossless energy hub between the buildings is assumed. The results of the conducted simulations indicate that the optimal ratio of air/water to ground/water heat pumps shifts towards air/water heat pumps with more energy efficient houses. This is due to the lower specific investment costs, which outweigh the operational costs when less energy is required. The lowest costs for the entire energy system are for the one with the most energy efficient settlement. This is the case, as the costs for the higher energy standard of the buildings are not considered in the calculations. The behaviour of the optimisation is tested and discussed through a sensitivity analysis for one efficiency class. By presenting this simple, comprehensible example, an impression of the possible applications for this methodology is conveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]