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Copyright of Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quinoa is a resilient crop known for its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. This study examined the agronomic performance and ecological adaptability of quinoa across four distinct altitudes in the northwestern regions of China. Six quinoa genotypes were assessed for agronomic traits, phenology and yield performances, and nutritional quality characteristics in Yining city, Nilka County, Tekes County and Zhaosu County under varied environmental conditions. Our findings demonstrate significant variations in all measured traits, including agronomic and nutritional quality traits, across the various altitudes and genotypes. In Yining city, a warmer and lower altitude area, genotypes exhibit superior traits for fodder production, including increased branches, longer panicles, robust stems, and high seed protein content. Genotypes Jinli 1 and Beijing 2 achieve yields exceeding 3 tons per hectare (t/ha), highlighting the region's productivity. The Nilka and Tekes counties boasted the shortest quinoa crop cycles, with Jinli 1 yielding 4.05 t/ha seeds in Tekes County, exhibiting high protein and fat content alongside low saponins, making it a prime location for yield production. Zhaosu County, with its cooler climate and fertile chernozem soil, elicited high 1000 seed weight and more robust protein response than Nilka and Tekes counties, illustrating the impact of soil fertility on nutritional composition. Correlation analyses further elucidated that the plants characterized by shorter flowering times, crop cycles, compact inflorescence, and taller heights exhibited superior seed yields. Our study contributes significant insights into the ecological adaptability and nutritional dynamics of quinoa, with implications for sustainable crop production and food security in diverse agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a dioecious species therefore manual or mechanical pollination must be carried out to obtain better yield and quality of fruits. An experiment was conducted at Date Palm Research Centre, Agricultural Research Station, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner from March 2019 to July 2020 to evaluation of most efficient technique of hand pollination. The female spath of Halawy cultivar were pollinated with various pollen techniques viz., inserting 5–6 strands/bunch (T1), 5% pollen dust (T2), 10% pollen dust (T3), 15% pollen dust (T4), 1 g/l suspension of pollen grain (T5), 2 g/l suspension of pollen grain (T6), 3 g/l suspension of pollen grain (T7) and 4 g/l suspension of pollen grain (T8). All the treatments were arranged in randomized block design. The maximum fruit set (77.13%) was recorded in treatment of inserting 5–6 strands/bunch (T1), whereas, minimum fruit drop (12.87%) was recorded with 3 g/l pollen suspension treatment (T7). The maximum yield of fruit/bunch (6.87 kg), yield/palm (38.16 kg), fruit weight (7.31 g), fruit length (3.86 cm), fruit diameter (2.02 cm), volume of fruit (8.11 cc), and pulp weight (6.08 g) was recorded with 3 g/l pollen suspension treatment (T7). The minimum fruit drop percentage (12.87%) and number of fruits/kg (135.13) were also recorded with 3 g/l pollen suspension treatment (T7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid lime (Citurs aurantifolia Swingle) belongs to the family Rutaceae and widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions of India. India is the largest producer of acid lime in the world. In India, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Bihar are grown in larger area. In Tamil Nadu, commercially cultivated in Tirunelveli, Tenkasi, Turicorin, Dindigul, Madurai, Theni, Virudhunagar and Perambalur districts. Fruits are being used for preparation of pickles and beverages. They are rich in vitamin C, minerals and salts. Micronutrients such as Zinc, Iron and boron play a vital role in acid lime for growth and development. With this background, the present experiment on studies on the effect of micronutrients in acid lime var. PKM-1 was conducted at Citrus Research Station (TNAU), Sankarankovil during 2020-21 to study the effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of acid lime. Foliar application was given twice in a season viz., the first spray was given during peak flowering stage and next spray during fruit set stage on selected five trees for each treatment at farmer's field. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments details are 0.5 % Ferrous sulphate (T1), 1.0 % Ferrous sulphate (T2), 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (T3), 1.0 % Zinc sulphate (T4), 0.5 % Copper sulphate (T5), 1.0 % Copper sulphate (T6), 0.5 % Manganese sulphate (T7), 1.0 % Manganese sulphate (T8), 0.1 % borax (T9), 0.3 % borax (T10), 0.5 % Ferrous sulphate + 0.5 % Zinc sulphate + 0.5 % Copper sulphate + 0.5 % Manganese sulphate + 0.1 % borax (T11), 1.0 % Ferrous sulphate + 1.0 % Zinc sulphate + 1.0 % Copper sulphate + 1.0 % Manganese sulphate + 0.3 % borax (T12) and control (T13). Results revealed that T12 recorded the highest values of growth and yield contributing traits such as plant height (5.50 m), number of fruits per plant (652.20), fruit weight (41.50 g), number of seeds (8.11) and yield per plant (15.87 kg/tree) and quality traits viz., TSS (6.48 oBrix), juice content (35.50 ml), ascorbic acid content (35.02 mg/100g), acidity (9.10 %) and B:C ratio (2.15) and followed by T11 whereas the lowest values was observed in control (T13). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Combining ability analysis was carried out with ten parents and twenty four F1’ s in Line × Tester mating design for the grain quality and nutritional traits viz., protein content, iron content and zinc content. The results showed that the dominance genetic variance is higher than that of additive genetic variance which indicated the predominance of non additive gene action for protein content, iron content, zinc content, hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, linear elongation ratio, amylose content, gel consistency and gelatinization temperature whereas additive gene action was observed for kernel length after cooking. Among the lines, NLR 34449 was the best parent as it exhibited significant per se and gca effects for iron content, zinc content and important quality traits. In testers, CR Dhan 310 was found to be the best general combiner for protein content and Kodai for iron and zinc content which recorded highly significant positive gca effects. The hybrid ASD 16/Kodai showed significant and desirable per se performance and sca effects for the nutritional traits viz., protein content, iron and zinc content. The hybrid RNR 15048/CB 14740 was adjudged as the best for the characters viz., kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking. These hybrids could be recommended for heterosis breeding to improve the nutritional and grain quality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Department of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lead (Pb) caused interruptions with normal plant metabolism, crop yield losses and quality issues are of great concern. This study assessed the physio-biochemical responses, yield and grain quality traits and Pb distribution proportions in three different fragrant rice cultivars i.e., Meixiangzhan-2, Xinagyaxiangzhan and Basmati-385. Plants were exposed to 400, 800, and 1,200 ppm of Pb while pots without Pb were taken as control (0 ppm). Our results showed that Pb toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) reduced photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll contents and carotenoids) and inducted oxidative stress with increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malanodialdehyde (MDA) and leaves leachates; while such effects were more apparent in Xinagyaxiangzhan than other two rice cultivars. Pb stress differentially affected the production protein, proline and soluble sugars; however the production rates were higher at heading stage (HS) than maturity stage (MS). Furthermore, Pb stress altered superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalases (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidases (APX) activities and glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) production in all rice cultivars at both HS and MS. All Pb levels reduced the yield and yield components of all rice cultivars; nonetheless such reductions were observed highest in Xinagyaxiangzhan (69.12%) than Meixiangzhan-2 (58.05%) and Basmati-385 (46.27%) and resulted in grain quality deterioration. Significant and positive correlations among rice yields with productive tillers/pot and grains per panicle while negative with sterility percentage were also observed. In addition, all rice cultivars readily taken up the Pb contents from soil to roots and transported upward in different proportions with maximum in roots followed by stemss, leaves, ears and grains. Higher proportions of Pb contents in above ground plant parts in Xinagyaxiangzhan possibly lead to maximum losses in this cultivar than other two cultivars; while less damage in Basmati-385 might be related to strong anti-oxidative defense system and lower proportions of Pb contents in its aerial parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty peanut stem necrosis tolerant groundnut varieties were evaluated for their genetic diversity with respect to kernel yield, yield attributing characters and qualitative traits at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Kadiri. The genotypes were classified into eight clusters, based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Results on inter-cluster distances revealed maximum diversity between genotypes of cluster IV and VIII. Intra-cluster distance was highest for cluster VIII, indicating the existence of high variability within this cluster. A perusal of the results on cluster means revealed high for pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, haulm yield and 100 kernel weight for cluster II, while days to 50 per cent flowering, number of filled pods per plant, sound mature kernel per cent and protein content were more for cluster IV. Similarly, high SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR) for cluster V indicated the desirability of genotypes from these clusters for improvement of kernel yield and disease resistance. Further, SCMR at 60 days after sowing, protein content, harvest index per cent and 100 kernel weight accounted for 80.98 per cent of the total genetic divergence indicating their importance in the choice of parents for hybridization programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Department of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Department of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Twenty-five rice varieties were evaluated for their variability with regard to grain yield per plant, yield components and quality characters. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were also obtained for the above traits. In addition, studies on character associations and path coefficients were also undertaken. The results revealed high variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for productive tillers per plant, indicating the effectiveness of simple selection for improvement of the trait. Further, productive tillers per plant and number of filled grains per panicle exhibited high positive direct effects, in addition to strong positive associations with grain yield per plant, indicating the importance of these traits as selection criteria in rice yield improvement programmes. Further, grain yield per plant had recorded positive and significant association with head rice recovery and amylose content, indicating a scope for simultaneous improvement for grain yield and these quality traits. The study also revealed negative association of productive tillers per plant with number of filled grains per panicle; and number of filled grains per panicle with 1000-grain weight indicating the need for balanced selection in crop yield improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on grain quality characters of 31 pre-released cultures and high yielding varieties of rice revealed that the quality traits viz., kernel breadth, kernel length/ breadth ratio, test weight and water uptake registered high variability estimates both at genotypic and phenotypic level. The lowest genotypic coefficient of variation was observed in volume expansion ratio, kernel length after cooking and amylose content. Hence and amylase content may be considered as important selection indices to bring improvement in physical and chemical traits in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies formulated with grain amaranth cv. suvarna to trace the duration and stage of physiological maturation by observing the developmental changes with tagged inflorescences revealed that the seeds attained physiological maturation 30 days after 50% anthesis with the physical indices of maximization of spike length, dry weight of spike and seed. The moisture content of seed at the time of maturation was 20.3%, while the dry weight of seed was 90 mg/100 seeds and the germination was 94%. The visual indices for maturation were the turning of spike to white group 155C color and the seed to orange white group 159B. The delayed harvest of spike, 5 days after physiological maturation (35 days after 50% anthesis) leads to shattering of seeds up to 6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-five rice varieties were evaluated for their genetic diversity with regards to grain yield, yield components and grain quality characters. The varieties were classified into six clusters, based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Geographical and genetic diversity were observed to be unrelated, as varieties from diverse geographical regions were placed in the same cluster, while varieties from the same centre were grouped into different clusters. Results on inter-cluster distances revealed maximum diversity between varieties of cluster V and VI. Intra-cluster distance was maximum for cluster III, indicating the existence of variability within the cluster for the characters studied. A perusal of the results on cluster means revealed higher grain yield per plant, more number of productive tillers and number of filled grains per panicle for cluster II, while long panicle length and high head rice recovery were noticed for cluster VI, indicating the desirability of selection of varieties from these clusters for improvement of grain yield and the above yield and quality traits. Further, days to maturity and 1000 seed weight, together had accounted for 70.33 per cent of the total genetic divergence indicating their importance in the choice of parents for hybridization programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collection consisting of 293 entries of tetraploid and hexaploid Ethiopian wheat was investigated for diversity of endosperm texture, seed color, kernel texture, flour color, gluten quality, seed size, and protein content. All characters, except gluten quality, showed high levels of diversity. Significant differences in protein content and gluten quality occurred among districts, and among provinces. Regional differences were also observed for seed size and flour color. The average estimate of diversity of these characters for Ethiopia was high (&Hsline; = 0.77). Some of the characters showed clinical variations, and others, localized concentrations. Entries with combinations of good quality characters were observed, and their possible use as source materials in wheat breeding is discussed. A gene center for quality breeding was identified in Southern Ethiopia, and the participation of centers of diversity in the evaluation and utilization of genetic resources is considered as a very important tool in genetic conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) stress causes serious disruptions in plant metabolism, physio-biochemical responses, crop yield, and grain quality characteristics. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of molybdenum (Mo) in mitigating Cd-induced adversities on plant growth, yield attributes, and grain quality characteristics of a popular aromatic rice cultivar 'Xiangyaxiangzhan'. The Mo was applied at 0.15 mg kg−1 soil in both control (no Cd) and Cd-contaminated (100 mg kg−1) soils. A treatment with Mo-free (−Mo) soil was also maintained for comparison. The results showed that Cd toxicity significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plant dry biomass, grain yield, photosynthetic efficiency, and pigment contents, and impaired chloroplast ultra-structural configuration and simultaneously destabilized the plant metabolism owing to higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde contents. However, Mo supply improved grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content by 64.75% and 77.09%, respectively, under Cd stress, suggesting that Mo supply mitigated Cd-provoked negative effects on yield attributes and grain quality of aromatic rice. Moreover, Mo supply enhanced photosynthesis, proline, and soluble protein content, and also strengthened plant metabolism and antioxidant defense through maintaining higher activities and transcript abundance of ROS-detoxifying enzymes at the vegetative, reproductive, and maturity stages of aromatic rice plants under Cd toxicity. Collectively, our findings indicated that Mo supply strengthened plant metabolism at prominent growth stages through an improved enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system, thereby increasing grain yield and quality characteristics of aromatic rice under Cd toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]