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Background: Depression is a significant public health concern in both developed and developing countries. The burden of depression is particularly high among patients with chronic illnesses in developing countries, creating a dual challenge for both patients and the community. However, depression goes undiagnosed in 50%-75% of patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Additionally, there is limited information about the prevalence of depression among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among type 2 diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 376 randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and from patients' follow-up records. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14. Bivariable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify associated factors. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were selected for multivariate logistic regression. Model fitness was assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow's test, and associations were reported using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals Results: In this study, the prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was found to be 69.72% (95% CI: 64.75, 74.27). Three factors were significantly associated with depression in these patients: the duration of diabetes mellitus since diagnosis [AOR: 1.17; 95% CI (1.02, 1.34)], glycaemic control [AOR: 1.8; 95% CI (1.09, 3.01)] and cigarette smoking [AOR: 2.18; 95% CI (1.07, 4.46)]. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic patients was high. The Federal Ministry of Health, stakeholders, and the Ethiopian Diabetes Association should collaborate to reduce this burden. Mental health assessment and treatment should be integrated into chronic care follow-up services. Additionally, healthcare providers should closely monitor and counsel patients who smoke and those with poor glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current evidence suggests that early maladaptive schemas are affected in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most of the studies on the subject have been conducted with adults, but the number of studies conducted with adolescents with ADHD is quite limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate early maladaptive schemas in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: The study included 66 patients diagnosed with ADHD and 70 healthy adolescents who were similar to the case group in terms of age and gender. Clinical evaluation of the case and control groups were performed with "The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T)". "Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale - Revised Short Form (CASS-RS)" and "Set of Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaires for Children and Adolescents between the ages of 10-16" were administered to all participants. Results: It was determined that the schema scores of "dependence/incompetence", "vulnerability to harm or illness", "entitlement/grandiosity", "insufficient self-control", "subjugation" were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. A negative, significant relationship was found between age and "enmeshment/undeveloped self", "entitlement/grandiosity" and "insufficient self-control" schema scores. There was no significant difference between schema scores in terms of gender in the ADHD group. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between the education level of the parents, family income levels and schema scores. A significant positive relationship was found between the CASS-RS scores and all schema scores. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that CASS-RS scores positively predicted all schema scores, while the age variable negatively predicted only the schema scores of "enmeshment/undeveloped self". Discussion: Results of this study showed that there were significant differences in adolescents in the ADHD group compared to the control group in terms of early maladaptive schemas, and that ADHD symptom levels was associated with early maladaptive schemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide has become a first-order public health concern after the negative impact of COVID-19 on the general population's mental health. Several studies have analyzed the trends in suicide attempts (SA) before and after the onset of the pandemic, but few studies focus on the impact of the pandemic on medically serious suicide attempts (MSSA). Methods: Participants were 385 hospitalized individuals ≥ 16 years old who made MSSA identified retrospectively through a review of e-medical records between 2018 and 2022 ("pre-COVID-19" and "COVID" periods). The two groups were compared on sociodemographic and clinical variables using Chi-square or Exact Fisher's tests for categorical variables and a Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. To study the variation in MSSA over time, MSSA were aggregated monthly. Joinpoint regression analyses were used to assess time trends. Results: A sample of 161 MSSA patients, 80 women and 81 men, were selected from 385 admissions after a suicide attempt (SA) in the four years (n = 160 pre-COVID period vs. n = 225 COVID period) (OR = 1.41; CI 95% = 1.0003–1.7223, p < 0.001). Sixty-eight patients with MSSA were admitted during the first period, and 93 during the COVID period (OR = 1.4 ; CI 95% = 1–1.9 ; p < 0.05). MSSA patients were more likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit during the COVID period than during the pre-COVID period (OR = 3.5; CI 95% = 1.7–6.9; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the need for research on suicide risk during and after crisis periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides valuable knowledge on the incidence of SA needing hospitalization, MSSA, and highly severe MSSA for four years before and after the pandemic onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we investigated the association of different emotion regulation (ER) indices with symptom severity across a large transdiagnostic sample of patients with emotional disorders (cross-sectional approach) and the predictive validity these ER indices have for the outcome of routine care CBT (longitudinal approach). We assessed the trait-like use of adaptive (reappraisal) and maladaptive (suppression, externalizing behaviors) ER strategies via questionnaire as well as the situational ability to regulate emotions with an experimental ER paradigm. Psychopathology was assessed dimensionally using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Cross-sectionally symptom severity was predicted by less trait-like use of adaptive and more trait-like use of maladaptive ER strategies, but no associations were found for situational ER ability. This association was more pronounced for depression and stress symptoms rather than anxiety symptoms. In a striking dissociation, the longitudinal analyses revealed the reverse picture: Better situational ER ability, but not trait-like use of ER strategies was associated with less symptom severity after the CBT treatment. Our data argues in favor of a distinction between trait-like and situational ER abilities in individuals with emotional disorders, highlighting challenges in applying adaptive ER strategies in daily life despite demonstrating intact ER skills in experimental settings. Our findings also inform transdiagnostic models of psychopathology and suggest that distress/depression rather than anxiety symptomatology to be driving forces for the occurrence of ER deficits across the depression/anxiety disorders spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological state, self-reported gut symptoms, and somatic complaints are recognized relationships that can impact health assessment and subsequent treatment. Aim: To investigate the impact of psychological state and personality on symptom self-reporting and somatization. Methods: Sixty-two (62) participants from the Hunter region of NSW (Australia) undertook a survey of health and lifestyle along with an MMPI-2-RF assessment of personality, psychopathology, and test-taking attitude. Participants also completed the Rome Criteria to assess functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). To assist the interpretation of MMPI-2-RF results, clustering was applied to identify similar responses and sub-cohort profiles of reporting. Results: Cluster analysis revealed four sub-cohorts, stratified by psychopathology, gut-related symptoms, and the validity of self-reported somatic complaints. Sample clustering identified one sub-cohort defined by high rates of negative affectivity and suicidal ideation. Apart from these differences, clusters were uniform for age, sex, smoking, mental health diagnoses, as well as for gut-related conditions. Conclusion: Results provide further evidence of the interaction of the gut–brain axis and its relationship to serious mental health conditions. It also points to the need to assess the veracity of self-reported symptomatology that may be both pathognomonic for psychopathology but might also be a consequence of gut dysbiosis. Clustering assisted these investigations by defining distinct sub-cohorts based on participant MMPI-2-RF responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence supports the presence of a general psychopathology dimension, the p factor ('p'). Despite growing interest in the p factor, questions remain about how p is assessed. Although multi-informant assessment of psychopathology is commonplace in clinical research and practice with children and adolescents, almost no research has taken a multi-informant approach to studying youth p or has examined the degree of concordance between parent and youth reports. Further, estimating p requires assessment of a large number of symptoms, resulting in high reporter burden that may not be feasible in many clinical and research settings. In the present study, we used bifactor multidimensional item response theory models to estimate parent- and adolescent-reported p in a large community sample of youth (11–17 years) and parents (N = 5,060 dyads). We examined agreement between parent and youth p scores and associations with assessor-rated youth global functioning. We also applied computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulations to parent and youth reports to determine whether adaptive testing substantially alters agreement on p or associations with youth global functioning. Parent-youth agreement on p was moderate (r =.44) and both reports were negatively associated with youth global functioning. Notably, 7 out of 10 of the highest loading items were common across reporters. CAT reduced the average number of items administered by 57%. Agreement between CAT-derived p scores was similar to the full form (r =.40) and CAT scores were negatively correlated with youth functioning. These novel results highlight the promise and potential clinical utility of a multi-informant p factor approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prior research has explored the impact of psychopathic personality on leadership and follower behavior. Following Dunham and Pierce's (1989) leadership continuum model to evaluate the impact of damaging leadership, this study investigated the impact of leaders' psychopathic personality and its resultant demonstration of toxic behaviors on followers' job satisfaction. Moreover, it extended the limited research on gender as a moderating variable between psychopathic personality and leadership toxicity by testing a moderated mediation model. A quantitative survey of 319 followers from different organizations was conducted using an online platform. Findings revealed significant relationship between the leaders' psychopathic personality and their demonstration of toxic behaviors. Also, leaders' toxic behaviors were found to mediate between personality and job satisfaction. Furthermore, gender was found as a significant moderator between personality and toxic leadership behavior. However, in contrast with the studies in the Global North, leaders' psychopathic personality and their toxic leadership behaviors were perceived as stronger among females, regardless of the industry they worked in. These results open the discussion on the impact of culture and gender on leader psychopathology and toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Nervenarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While mental health frameworks are increasingly accepted in Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) policies, little is known about practitioners' experiences when individuals are mentally ill. This paper discusses how mental health clinicians review interactions between psychopathology and violent extremism, and which challenges Dutch practitioners face in decision-making processes around including severely mentally ill people in CVE individual case management approaches. Inclusion means that people are identified as (potential) violent extremists, which justifies CVE interventions on top of regular mental health care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 international mental health clinicians and 13 Dutch CVE practitioners. Data was analysed with qualitative thematic analysis. Results show that professionals usually view the risk of extremist violence, and not psychopathology, as the decisive factor for inclusion, unless (forensic) mental health clinicians advise otherwise. Nevertheless, some practitioners can experience challenges around making dichotomous choices about including mentally ill persons. Some expressed concerns about illegitimately labelling certain people as 'radicalised' when they suffer from severe mental illnesses (e.g. psychosis). CVE cases with mental illnesses are, however, characterised by heterogeneity, non-dichotomy and missing information. False negatives and false positives concerning uptake in pre-emptive CVE policies can have detrimental individual and societal effects. Future research suggestions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homicidal ideation is an important, but understudied construct in criminological research. Unfortunately, previous investigations into homicidal ideation are limited by reliance on small convenience samples, larger correctional samples with limited access to the most serious and violent criminal offenders, and single-item measures of the central construct. The current study improves and extends existing research by examining the link between three unique measures of homicidal ideation spanning its frequency, chronicity, and severity on murder and attempted murder among an enriched sample of death-sentenced prisoners in California. Many individuals in these data have extensive criminal careers and multiple homicide offenses. Homicidal ideation frequency and severity were significantly associated with both murder and attempted murder convictions, homicidal chronicity had null effects. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric irritability is a pervasive psychiatric symptom, yet its etiology remains elusive. While trauma exposure may contribute to the development of irritability, empirical research is limited. This study examined the prevalence of irritability among trauma‐exposed children, identified factors that differentiate trauma‐exposed children with and without irritability, and employed a network analysis to uncover associations between irritability and trauma exposure in the family unit. Methods: Sample included 676 children (56.3% male, mean age = 9.67 ± 3.7 years) and their parents referred by the Connecticut Department of Children and Families to Fathers for Change – a psychotherapy intervention designed to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment. Child's trauma exposure, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and irritability were assessed pre‐intervention using self‐ and caregiver‐report. Parents self‐reported their childhood and adulthood trauma exposures, PTSD symptoms, irritability, psychopathology, and IPV. Results: Across caregiver‐ and child‐reports, 16%–17% of children exhibited irritability. Irritable children experienced greater trauma exposure, interpersonal violence, emotional abuse, and PTSD severity. They had caregivers, particularly mothers, with greater trauma histories, IPV, and psychopathology. Network analysis revealed 10 nodes directly correlated to child's irritability including child's PTSD severity, parental IPV (specifically psychological violence), and parental psychopathology. Conclusions: Results provide initial empirical evidence that pediatric irritability is linked to trauma exposure, suggesting trauma histories be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of irritability. Interventions addressing caregiver trauma, IPV, and psychopathology may ameliorate pediatric irritability. Future studies could benefit from adopting network approaches with longitudinal or time series data to elucidate causality and points of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex (sgACC), as a part of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the limbic system plays a crucial role in mood regulation. Previous structural and functional brain imaging studies of the sgACC have revealed alterations of Gray Matter (GM) volumes and Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent signals (BOLD) in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD), suggesting potential biomarker traits for affective disorders. Method: In this study we investigated the gray matter volume of the sgACC in 3 different patient groups: 40 MDD patients, of which 20 were medicated (MDDm) and 20 were unmedicated (MDDu), and 21 medicated BD patients, and compared them with 23 healthy volunteers. We examined GM volume alteration using highresolution 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which produced quantitative maps of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1). T1 maps provide high contrast between gray and white matter, and at 7 Tesla voxels with submillimeter resolution can be acquired in a reasonable scan time. We developed a semiautomatic segmentation protocol based on refined landmarks derived from previous volumetric studies using quantitative T1 maps as raw input data for automatic tissue segmentation of GM, WM and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) tissue. The sgACC ROI was then superimposed on these tissue probability maps and traced manually by two independent raters (F.B., M.M.) following our semiautomatic segmentation protocol. Interrater reliability was calculated on a subset of 10 brain scans for each hemisphere, showing an Intra-Class Correlation coefficient (ICC) r = 0.96 for left sgACC and r = 0.84 for right sgACC respectively. In summary, we have developed a reproducible and reliable semi-automatic segmentation protocol to measure gray matter volume in the sgACC. Based on previous findings from meta-analyses on morphometric studies of the sgACC, we hypothesized that patients with MDD would have lower gray matter sgACC volumes compared to healthy subjects. Results: Post-hoc analysis revealed smaller subgenual volumes for the left hemisphere in both the medicated (MDDm) and non-medicated (MDDu) group versus healthy controls (p = .001, p = .008) respectively. For the right hemisphere, the (MDDu) and BD group exhibited significantly lower subgenual volumes than healthy controls (p < .001, p = .004) respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first morphometric MRI study using T1 maps obtained in high-resolution 7 Tesla MRI to compare MDD and BD patients with healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric condition often accompanied by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with a substantial prevalence of trauma history among affected individuals. The clinical, cognitive, and cerebral parallels shared with PTSD suggest a trauma-related etiology for BPD. Studies consistently demonstrate a reduction in hippocampal volume in individuals with BPD, echoing findings in PTSD. However, the interpretation of this shared neurobiological profile remains contentious, with ongoing debates regarding the independence of these pathologies or the potential exacerbation of diminished hippocampal volume in BPD due to concurrent PTSD. Differential impacts on hippocampal subfields across both disorders may further complicate interpretation, suggesting the volume of hippocampal subfields as a potential discriminant biomarker. This study aims to characterize the multidimensional specific and shared profiles of BPD and PTSD-related alterations, with a particular emphasis on hippocampal subfields during adolescence, a crucial period in BPD development. Methods: This study focuses on female adolescents, who are more prevalent in the BPD population. Participants are categorized into three groups: BPD, BPD with comorbid PTSD, and a control group of matched healthy individuals. Data collection encompasses clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging domains commonly affected in both disorders, utilizing various imaging markers (including gray matter macrostructure, white matter microstructural integrity, and regional functional connectivity). Discussion: This study examines adolescent BPD with and without comorbid PTSD on clinical, neuroimaging, and cognitive levels. It is the first to use a comprehensive multi-modal approach within the same sample. Additionally, it uniquely explores hippocampal subfield volume differences in adolescents. Analysis of the relationship between the investigated domains and the effects of PTSD comorbidity will elucidate specific and shared alteration profiles in both disorders. Trial registration: IDRCB number 2019-A00366-51 / ID: NCT0485274. Registered on 21/04/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Bad dreams and nightmares can have a strong psychological impact. However, although the scientific literature points in the direction of an established association between nightmares and psychopathology, many of the studies investigating these links have been carried out on a general population. This systematic literature review aimed to identify studies that have used a sample from a population with a diagnosis of psychopathological disorders or a diagnosis of nightmare disorder, to highlight the state of knowledge concerning the link between bad dreams, nightmares, and psychopathology. Method: The systematic review included all cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted on a psychiatric population in which variables related to bad dreams and/or nightmares were examined and published since 2014. The search was conducted in May 2024 in the PsychINFO and PubMed databases. Results: A total of 34 studies published over the last decade met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Psychiatric populations are significantly more affected by nightmares and bad dreams than the general population. Furthermore, the presence of nightmares tends to maximize the clinical symptomatology of patients. However, there are still too few studies available to understand the basis of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current evidence suggests that early maladaptive schemas are affected in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most of the studies on the subject have been conducted with adults, but the number of studies conducted with adolescents with ADHD is quite limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate early maladaptive schemas in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: The study included 66 patients diagnosed with ADHD and 70 healthy adolescents who were similar to the case group in terms of age and gender. Clinical evaluation of the case and control groups were performed with "The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T)". "Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale - Revised Short Form (CASS-RS)" and "Set of Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaires for Children and Adolescents between the ages of 10-16" were administered to all participants. Results: It was determined that the schema scores of "dependence/incompetence", "vulnerability to harm or illness", "entitlement/grandiosity", "insufficient self-control", "subjugation" were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. A negative, significant relationship was found between age and "enmeshment/undeveloped self", "entitlement/grandiosity" and "insufficient self-control" schema scores. There was no significant difference between schema scores in terms of gender in the ADHD group. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between the education level of the parents, family income levels and schema scores. A significant positive relationship was found between the CASS-RS scores and all schema scores. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that CASS-RS scores positively predicted all schema scores, while the age variable negatively predicted only the schema scores of "enmeshment/undeveloped self". Discussion: Results of this study showed that there were significant differences in adolescents in the ADHD group compared to the control group in terms of early maladaptive schemas, and that ADHD symptom levels was associated with early maladaptive schemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current evidence suggests that early maladaptive schemas are affected in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most of the studies on the subject have been conducted with adults, but the number of studies conducted with adolescents with ADHD is quite limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate early maladaptive schemas in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: The study included 66 patients diagnosed with ADHD and 70 healthy adolescents who were similar to the case group in terms of age and gender. Clinical evaluation of the case and control groups were performed with "The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children- Present and Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T)". "Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale - Revised Short Form (CASS-RS)" and "Set of Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaires for Children and Adolescents between the ages of 10-16" were administered to all participants. Results: It was determined that the schema scores of "dependence/incompetence", "vulnerability to harm or illness", "entitlement/grandiosity", "insufficient self-control", "subjugation" were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. A negative, significant relationship was found between age and "enmeshment/undeveloped self", "entitlement/grandiosity" and "insufficient self-control" schema scores. There was no significant difference between schema scores in terms of gender in the ADHD group. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between the education level of the parents, family income levels and schema scores. A significant positive relationship was found between the CASS-RS scores and all schema scores. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that CASS-RS scores positively predicted all schema scores, while the age variable negatively predicted only the schema scores of "enmeshment/undeveloped self". Discussion: Results of this study showed that there were significant differences in adolescents in the ADHD group compared to the control group in terms of early maladaptive schemas, and that ADHD symptom levels was associated with early maladaptive schemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional communication network connecting the central nervous system with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, influencing both mental and physical health. Recent research has underscored the significant role of diet in modulating this axis, with attention to how specific dietary patterns can impact anxiety and depression, particularly when linked to disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs), like intestinal bowel syndrome (IBS). Aims and Methods: This narrative review examines the effects of specific diet regimens on the GBA and its potential role in managing psychopathology, focusing on anxiety and depression, IBS, and the low-FODMAP diet. We conducted a search on PubMed and MEDLINE by combining the following key terms: "Gut–Brain Axis", "Irritable Bowel Syndrome", "Low FODMAP diet", "Mediterranean Diet", "Psychopathology", "Anxiety and Depression", and "Gut Microbiota". We applied the following filters: "Clinical Trials", "Randomized Controlled Trials", "Reviews", "Meta-Analyses", and "Systematic Reviews". In total, 59 papers were included. Results: Low-FODMAP diet, originally developed to alleviate GI symptoms in IBS, may also positively influence mental health by modulating the GBA and improving the gut microbiota (GM) composition. New insights suggest that combining the low-FODMAP diet with the Mediterranean diet could offer a synergistic effect, enhancing both GI and psychological therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions: Understanding the complex interactions between diet, the GM, and mental health opens new avenues for holistic approaches to managing psychopathology, particularly when linked to GI symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis of research examining multidimensional perfectionism—perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns—and orthorexia. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered and conducted using a search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Education Abstracts, and Oxford Academic, and ScienceDirect up to April 2023. PRISMA guidelines were also followed. Meta-analysis using random-effects models was used to derive independent and unique effects of perfectionism, as well as total unique effects (TUE), and relative weights. Moderation of effects were examined for age, gender, domain, perfectionism and orthorexia instruments, and methodological quality. Results: Eighteen studies, including 19 samples (n = 7064), met the eligibility criteria with 12 of these studies (with 13 samples; n = 4984) providing sufficient information for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that perfectionistic strivings (r+ = 0.27, 95% CI [0.21, 0.32]) and perfectionistic concerns (r+ = 0.25, 95% CI [0.18, 0.31]) had positive relationships with orthorexia. After controlling for the relationship between perfectionism dimensions, only perfectionistic strivings predicted orthorexia which also contributed marginally more to an overall positive total unique effect of perfectionism (TUE = 0.35; 95% CI [0.28, 0.42]). There was tentative evidence that orthorexia instrument moderated the perfectionistic concerns-orthorexia relationship. Discussion: Research has generally found that both dimensions of perfectionism are positively related to orthorexia. More high-quality research is needed to examine explanatory mechanisms while also gathering further evidence on differences in findings due to how orthorexia is measured, as well as other possible moderating factors. Level of evidence: Level 1, systematic review and meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, it has become clear that psychopathology exists on continuous spectra organized hierarchically from broad, general symptom dimensions to more specific ones. This structure is best represented by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework that incorporates individual signs, symptoms, and behaviors at its most specific level while encompassing higher-order dimensions at its broadest level. This commentary gives an overview of studies that evaluated higher-order dimensions of psychopathology and their alignment with the HiTOP framework. Studies consistently support the alignment of youth psychopathology with the HiTOP framework, particularly its general dimension of psychopathology and the broad internalizing and externalizing spectrum. The model also identifies distinct, lower-level dimensions such as fear, affectivity, antagonism, and attention problems. This hierarchical structure is evident across the entire age span but with specific makeup of dimensions appearing to differ between children and adolescents. Rapidly gaining momentum, current evidence indicates HiTOP's effectiveness in conceptualizing youth mental health. Future studies should focus on exploring the HiTOP structure across different ages and populations, testing its real-world generalizability, selecting the most appropriate assessment tools, and understanding how the framework applies to youth from diverse societies and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High rates of co-occurrence of mental disorders have been hypothesized to represent a result of common susceptibility to overall psychopathology. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that commonalities among psychiatric disorders might be partially driven by sharable perinatal and neonatal environmental factors for mental disorders. Participants were 6–14 years of age children and their parents. Primary caregivers provided data on perinatal and neonatal information assessed retrospectively (n = 2231). Psychiatric disorders diagnoses were assessed using the Development and Well Being Behavior Assessment (DAWBA). We used bifactor models to disentangle common from dissociable aspects of psychopathology. These models allow modeling psychiatric disorders as the result of a common domain of psychopathology (p-factor) and three dissociable domains (fear, distress, and externalizing symptoms). Associations were tested using linear and tobit regression models. The p-factor was associated with male sex, low socioeconomic status, gestational smoking, gestational drinking, low levels of maternal education and presence of mental disorder in the mother. Associations with specific factors also emerged suggesting some risk factors might also have some role for fear, distress and externalizing factors. Our study supports the hypothesis that overall susceptibility to psychopathology might be partially driven by sharable perinatal and neonatal factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive and non-cognitive traits are frequently analyzed in isolation. However, there is an increasing acknowledgment that their interplay should be considered for enhancing our understanding of human psychological differences. Testing both traits in the same sample of individuals is desirable when addressing their relationships. Here, for that purpose, 299 university students from Spain (mean age = 18.5 years., 83% female) completed a cognitive ability battery comprised by nine tests, the NEO-FFI for assessing the big five personality traits, and the SCL-90-R for evaluating a range of subjective psychopathological symptoms. This resulted in 23 cognitive and non-cognitive variables that were submitted to a data reduction providing four factors: (1) neuroticism/p, (2) cognitive ability/g, (3) agreeableness/A, and (4) introversion/I. Summary factor scores revealed a positive correlation between p and I (0.47), along with negative correlations of A with p (−0.26) and with g (−0.24), and a negative correlation between A and I (−0.16). These factors were related to some degree even when the assessment of the cognitive and non-cognitive variables cannot be considered straightforwardly comparable because the former was performance based, whereas the later was based on self-reports. Conceptual and methodological implications are discussed regarding the three-way relationship among cognitive ability, personality, and subjective psychopathological symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative life events (NLEs) are associated with psychopathology in older adolescents and adults, particularly for women. However, less is known about the association between positive life events (PLEs) and psychopathology. This study examined associations between NLEs, PLEs, and their interaction, and sex differences in associations between PLEs and NLEs on internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Youth completed interviews about NLEs and PLEs. Parents and youth reported on youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms. NLEs were positively associated with youth-reported depression and anxiety and parent-reported youth depression. Female youth had stronger positive associations between NLEs and youth-reported anxiety than male youth. Interactions between PLEs and NLEs were non-significant. Findings for NLEs and psychopathology are extended to earlier in development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interacting with children's cognitive processes and mental health status, body mass index (BMI) could be analyzed in relation to motor performance. This study aims to analyse the relationship between BMI and agility of primary school students in the northeast of Romania. Hypothesis testing was done by analyzing data obtained from 3250 pupils (1605 girls and 1645 boys) aged 6 to 11 years old from the North-East of Romania. BMI was calculated based on height and weight, as well as agility through the 505 change of direction speed test. The sample was divided according to gender and age, and the differences and correlations were analysed. We assumed that our sample has a significant correlation of BMI with agility and that its strength increases with age, based on neural maturation. Children's results showed gender- and age-determined differences in anthropometric as well as motor skills. The development of Romanian girls and boys differs punctually at this stage, with the two genders having close BMI values at age 11. The time to complete the 505 test is close at age 6, with boys performing better by age 11. The correlation between BMI and agility has weak strength in the 6-11 years age group of Romanian students. It is significant in girls at 9 (r = 0.20) and 10 years (r = 0.15), and in boys from 7 (r = 0.20) to 10 years (r = 0.22). The data partially confirm our hypothesis, with the correlation existing in the 7-10 years age range, its strength having a fluctuating evolution. At 11 years the link between BMI and agility ceases to exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal indoor air pollution and maternal psychosocial factors have been associated with adverse psychopathology. We used environmental-exposure mixture methodology to investigate joint effects of both exposure classes on child behavior trajectories. For 360 children from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study, we created trajectories of Child Behavior Checklist scores (at 24, 42, and 60 months) using latent-class linear mixed effects models. Indoor air pollutants and psychosocial factors were measured during pregnancy (second trimester). After adjusting for confounding, single-exposure effects (per natural log-1 unit increase) were assessed using polytomous logistic regression models, joint effects using self-organizing maps, and principal component analysis. Three trajectories were chosen for both internalizing and externalizing problems, with "high" (externalizing) or "increasing" (internalizing) being the most adverse trajectories. High externalizing trajectory was associated with increased exposure to particulate matter of ≤ 10 microns in diameter (PM10) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.55) and self-organizing maps exposure profile most associated with smoking (OR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.14-6.27). Medium internalizing trajectory was associated with increased emotional intimate partner violence (OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.17-5.57), increasing trajectory with increased benzene (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.51) and toluene (1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.44) and the principal component most correlated with benzene and toluene (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02-1.54). Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and psychosocial factors was associated with internalizing and externalizing child behavior trajectories. Understanding joint effects of adverse exposure mixtures will facilitate targeted interventions to prevent childhood psychopathology. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the relationship between psychopathology and major domains of human neurobehavioral functioning may identify new transdiagnostic treatment targets. However, studies examining the interrelationship between psychopathological symptoms, sensorimotor, cognitive, and global functioning in a transdiagnostic sample are lacking. We hypothesized a close relationship between sensorimotor and cognitive functioning in a transdiagnostic patient sample. Methods: We applied network analysis and community detection methods to examine the interplay and centrality [expected influence (EI) and strength] between psychopathological symptoms, sensorimotor, cognitive, and global functioning in a transdiagnostic sample consisting of 174 schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) and 38 mood disorder (MOD) patients. All patients (n = 212) were examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Heidelberg Neurological Soft Signs Scale (NSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia consisted of trail making test B (TMT-B), category fluency (CF) and digit symbol substitution test (DSST). Results: NSS showed closer connections with TMT-B, CF, and DSST than with GAF and PANSS. DSST, PANSS general, and NSS motor coordination scores showed the highest EI. Sensory integration, DSST, and CF showed the highest strength. Conclusions: The close connection between sensorimotor and cognitive impairment as well as the high centrality of sensorimotor symptoms suggests that both domains share aspects of SSD and MOD pathophysiology. But, because the majority of the study population was diagnosed with SSD, the question as to whether sensorimotor symptoms are really a transdiagnostic therapeutic target needs to be examined in future studies including more balanced diagnostic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The rate of mental health services provided to children and young people is increasing worldwide, including in Australia. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of hospital and ambulatory mental health service use among a large population cohort of adolescents followed from birth, with consideration of variation by age, sex and diagnosis. Methods: Characteristics of services provided for children with mental disorder diagnoses between birth and age 17.5 years were ascertained for a population cohort of 85,642 children (52.0% male) born between 2002 and 2005, from 'Admitted Patients', 'Emergency Department' and 'Mental Health Ambulatory' records provided by the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Health Departments. Results: A total of 11,205 (~13.1%) children received at least one hospital or ambulatory health occasion of service for a mental health condition in the observation period. More than two-fifths of children with mental disorders had diagnoses spanning multiple categories of disorder over time. Ambulatory services were the most heavily used and the most common point of first contact. The rate of mental health service contact increased with age across all services, and for most categories of mental disorder. Girls were more likely to receive services for mental disorders than boys, but boys generally had an earlier age of first service contact. Finally, 3.1% of children presenting to mental health services experienced involuntary psychiatric inpatient admission. Conclusions: The extent of hospital and ambulatory-based mental healthcare service among children emphasises the need for primary prevention and early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The general factor of psychopathology, often denoted as p, captures the common variance among a broad range of psychiatric symptoms. Specific factors are co‐modeled based on subsets of closely related symptoms. This paper investigated the extent to which wide‐ranging genetic, personal, and environmental etiologically relevant variables are associated with p and specific psychopathology factors. Methods: Using data from four waves (ages 11–19) of TRAILS, we modeled a bifactor model of p and four specific factors [internalizing, externalizing, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)]. Next, we examined the associations of 19 etiologically relevant variables with these psychology factors using path models that organized the variables according to the distal‐to‐proximal risk principle. Results: Collectively, the etiologically relevant factors, including temperament traits, accounted for 55% of p's variance, 46% in ADHD, 35% in externalizing, 19% in internalizing, and 7% in ASD. The low 7% is due to insufficient unique variance in ASD indicators that load more strongly on p. Excluding temperament, variables accounted for 29% variance in p, 9% ADHD, 14% EXT, 7% INT, and 4% ASD. Most etiologically relevant factors were generic, predicting p. In addition, we identified effects on specific factors in addition to effects on p (e.g., parental SES, executive functioning); only effects on specific factors (e.g., parental rejection); opposite effects on different factors [e.g., diurnal cortisol (high INT but low EXT, p); developmental delay (high ASD and p but low EXT)]. Frustration, family functioning, parental psychopathology, executive functioning, and fearfulness had strong effects on p. Conclusions: (1) Strong generic effects on p suggest that etiologically relevant factors and psychopathology tend to cluster in persons. (2) While many factors predict p, additional as well as opposite effects on specific factors indicate the relevance of specific psychopathology factors in understanding mental disorder. (3) High frustration, neurodevelopmental problems, and a disadvantaged family environment primarily characterize p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model proposes low threat sensitivity and low affiliation as risk factors for callous‐unemotional (CU) traits. Preliminary evidence for the STAR model comes from work in early childhood. However, studies are needed that explore the STAR dimensions in late childhood and adolescence when severe conduct problems (CP) emerge. Moreover, it is unclear how variability across the full spectrum of threat sensitivity and affiliation gives rise to different forms of psychopathology beyond CU traits. Methods: The current study addressed these gaps using parent‐ and child‐reported data from three waves and a sub‐study of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® of 11,878 youth (48% female; ages 9–12). Results: Consistent with the STAR model, low threat sensitivity and low affiliation were independently related to CU traits across informants and time. Moreover, there was significant interaction between the STAR dimensions, such that children with lower sensitivity to threat and lower affiliation had higher parent‐reported CU traits. Unlike CU traits, children with higher threat sensitivity had higher parent‐reported CP and anxiety. Finally, children with lower affiliation had higher parent‐reported CP, anxiety, and depression. Results largely replicated across informants and time, and sensitivity analysis revealed similar findings in children with and without DSM‐5 defined CP. Conclusions: Results support the STAR model hypotheses as they pertain to CU traits and delineate threat sensitivity and affiliation as independent transdiagnostic risk factors for different types of psychopathology. Future research is needed to develop fuller and more reliable and valid measures of affiliation and threat sensitivity across multiple assessment modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychotherapie im Alter is the property of Psychosozial-Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To compare all other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED) groups (atypical anorexia nervosa [AN], purging disorder [PD], night eating syndrome [NES], subthreshold bulimia nervosa [sub‐BN], and subthreshold binge‐eating disorder [sub‐BED]) to threshold eating disorders (EDs [AN, BN, and BED]) and control groups (CGs) on measures of eating and general psychopathology. Method: We conducted a comprehensive search in PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL on all published studies from January 2013 to February 2024 using DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria via clinical interviews or well‐established diagnostic tools. We also undertook a quality appraisal using an adapted version of the Downs and Black criteria and registered the review with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022314495). Results: Overall, our meta‐analyses (n = 33 eligible studies) indicated that the combined OSFED and several specific OSFED subtypes displayed comparable levels of eating psychopathology to full‐threshold EDs. Our systematic review (n = 33 eligible studies) found individuals with OSFED to have comparable levels of eating and general psychopathology to full‐threshold EDs, but higher levels of eating and general psychopathology than CGs. These findings were specifically attributed to atypical AN and NES. There was a lack of evidence available for sub‐BN and sub‐BED. Studies mainly met the quality appraisal criteria. The main limitations identified in the included studies were insufficient reporting of their statistical power (78%) and no adjusting for potential confounding factors (67%). Discussion: Findings support the conceptualization of atypical AN, and NES as clinically significant EDs with similar severity to full‐threshold EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affordances are action-possibilities, ways of relating to and acting on things in our world. They help us understand how these things mean what they do and how we have bodily access to our world more generally. But what happens when this access is ruptured or impeded? I consider this question in the context of psychopathology and reports that describe this experience. I argue that thinking about the bodily consequences of losing access to everyday affordances can help us better understand these reports. An affordance-based approach to psychopathology can illuminate some of the causes, as well as the experiential character and consequences, of affective disorders and diminished spatial agency in self-world disturbances. It also highlights some under-explored ethical and political dimensions of these issues that need further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex rheumatic disorder characterized by chronic nociplastic pain and central sensitization. Psychopathological conditions can influence FM symptoms, which worsen their condition. However, not all patients with FM have psychopathological disorders, indicating a heterogeneous population. Objective: To investigate the psychopathological profile and personality disorders in patients with FM and its relationship impact on this disease. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with a sample of 90 women, mean age 48.7 years (SD = 8.12), from Hospital del Mar, Barcelona. The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were used for assessment. Results: FM patients predominantly exhibited psychopathological profiles resembling affective disorders (37.7%) and Cluster C personality disorders (58.8%). The severity of FM's impact was related to affective disorder symptoms, hypervigilance, derealization, somatization, and Cluster B personality disorder (emotional instability). Different rheumatic symptoms correlated with specific psychopathological patterns. Increased somatic symptoms on the FIQ were related to an unstable and dependent personality, while heightened emotional symptoms on the FIQ were associated with avoidance, borderline traits, and passive-aggressive reactions. Conclusion: Recognizing psychopathological aspects is crucial for managing FM. The PAI is a valuable tool for establishing its psychopathological multidimensional profile, which predominantly shows an affective spectrum conditions and comorbid Cluster C personality disorder, exacerbating the disease's impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urgency has been defined as the tendency towards rash speech and behavior in the context of emotion. Measures of Urgency have been found to have robust predictive power for psychopathologies and problematic behaviors. In the current study, we question whether emotions are unique drivers of urgency, or if emotions are potent exemplars of contexts that lead to rash speech and behavior. The Emotion Specific model and the Broader Contexts model correspond with these two conceptualizations of urgency, and they frame our pre-registered hypotheses. Methods: Participants from two well-powered samples (n = 600,n = 588) completed 9 modified items from the Urgency and Positive Urgency scales to assess rash responses in each of four contexts - "Upset," "Excited," "Tired," and "Hungry" - and a fifth "In General" set. After data cleaning, we used principal components analysis to construct a unidimensional, 4-item set that was applied to capture impulsive behavior across the five contexts. Results: We found that this research tool, called the Contexts of Impulsive Behaviors (CIBS), replicated in the second dataset, and it had adequate internal reliability in both samples. Although the Emotion Specific model was supported by the fact that the Upset context had a greater mean and greater variance than the Tired and Hungry contexts, most results supported the Broader Contexts model. That is, CIBS contexts were highly intercorrelated, and bivariate correlations with psychopathology were not significantly different across contexts. In partial correlations, effects of the Upset and Excited contexts were partially or fully statistically mediated by the Tired and Hungry contexts. Discussion: These findings suggest that emotions are potent contexts for impulsive behaviors. At the same time, those with high urgency are vulnerable to impulsivity in other contexts, such as fatigue and hunger, that challenge the regulatory functions of the prefrontal cortex. Limitations, future directions, and clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peripersonal Space (PS) is represented as the immediate area surrounding an individual. The extent of PS changes in relation to several factors, including emotional states, type of relationship or psychopathology. Attachment anxiety has an impact on the social adaptability of peripersonal space and anxiety and fear are associated with an expansion of peripersonal space, possibly serving as a mechanism of self-protection. Peripersonal space appears to be intricately linked to various psychiatric conditions like anxiety disorders and converging evidence suggests that social maladjustment may predict or exacerbate eating disorder symptoms expression. Methods: Fifty-eight healthy adolescents (38F, 20M) performed a comfort distance estimation task to assess peripersonal space. The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) was used to assess sensory profiles and the SAFA protocol to investigate psychopathological aspects. Data was analysed using Network Analysis, estimating a Gaussian Graphical Models with a Bayesian approach. Results: We found that the task related to comfort estimation distance demonstrated a correlation with the visual scale of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Additionally, a correlation was observed with the Eating Disorder scale of the SAFA protocol. The touch scale also was negatively correlated with Eating disorder symptoms but not with the comfort estimation task. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a relation between peripersonal space and eating disorder symptoms in healthy adolescents in line with previous findings in adults with eating disorders diagnosis. These findings suggest that socio-emotional difficulties may be possible precursors or reinforce for the development of an eating disorder symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advocates for considering disgust as a primary emotional system within Panksepp's Affective Neuroscience framework, which has the potential to improve the efficacy of psychotherapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, and emetophobia. In 2007, Toronchuk and Ellis provided comprehensive evidence that DISGUST system, as they defined it, matched all Panksepp's criteria for a primary emotional system. A debate ensued and was not unambiguously resolved. This paper is an attempt to resume this discussion and supplement it with the data that accumulated since then on DISGUST's relationship with the immune system and the role of DISGUST dysregulation in psychopathology. We hope that renewed research interest in DISGUST has the potential to improve clinical efficacy with hard-to-treat conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the interplay between psychopathology of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients may improve the effectiveness of relapse interventions for AUD. Network theory of mental disorders assumes that mental disorders persist not of a common functional disorder, but from a sustained feedback loop between symptoms, thereby explaining the persistence of AWS and the high relapse rate of AUD. The current study aims to establish a network of AWS, identify its core symptoms and find the bridges between the symptoms which are intervention target to relieve the AWS and break the self-maintaining cycle of AUD. Methods: Graphical lasso networkwere constructed using psychological symptoms of 553 AUD patients. Global network structure, centrality indices, cluster coefficient, and bridge symptom were used to identify the core symptoms of the AWS network and the transmission pathways between different symptom clusters. Results: The results revealed that: (1) AWS constitutes a stable symptom network with a stability coefficient (CS) of 0.21-0.75. (2) Anger (Strength = 1.52) and hostility (Strength = 0.84) emerged as the core symptom in the AWS network with the highest centrality and low clustering coefficient. (3) Hostility mediates aggression and anxiety; anger mediates aggression and impulsivity in AWS network respectively. Conclusions: Anger and hostility may be considered the best intervention targets for researching and treating AWS. Hostility and anxiety, anger and impulsiveness are independent but related dimensions, suggesting that different neurobiological bases may be involved in withdrawal symptoms, which play a similar role in withdrawal syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite increasing evidence of high psychopathological vulnerability in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Intellectual disability (ID), comprehensive data on prevalence and presentation of psychiatric disorders (PD) in people with significant cognitive and communication impairment are lacking. The extent to which PD can present with behavioral/observable symptoms and include Problem Behaviors (PB) has also been scarcely evaluated through population-based studies. The paper presents the protocol of a cross-sectional study aimed at filling these gaps, referred to a large multicentric Italian population-based sample of adolescents and adults. Methods: A battery of validated scales, SPAIDD, DASH-II, DiBAS-R, and STA-DI, is used to support and control for clinical diagnoses of PD. Study population is stratified according to different independent variables such as the severity of ID and ASD, gender, age group, and source of recruitment. A network analysis will be carried out to identify the most central behavioral symptoms for the various PD and their relationship with PB. Overlap between psychiatric symptoms and ASD and ID phenotypes is also addressed. Results and Conclusion: This study should provide valuable insight into better diagnostic accuracy, leading to well-informed interventions to improve the quality of life of people with ASD and/or ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood trauma history has frequently been linked to eating disorders (EDs); nevertheless, the scientific literature calls for extending knowledge regarding mediators between EDs and childhood trauma. This study explored whether ED symptoms and early maladaptive schemas were more severe in ED patients with severe childhood trauma than in ED patients with no/mild childhood trauma and whether early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and ED symptom severity. Methods: Data were extracted from the Regional Centre for Eating Disorders registry at the University Hospital of Verona. The extracted data included self-reported data, including the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 score, Young Schema Questionnaire score, Childhood Experience and Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire score, and sociodemographic and clinical information on the ED outpatients seeking care. A mediation analysis using the structural equation modeling procedure was conducted. Results: Forty-two outpatients, 31% of whom exhibited severe childhood trauma, satisfied the criteria for registry data extraction. The severity of ED symptoms, as well as the early maladaptive schemas' scores for emotional deprivation, defectiveness, failure, vulnerability, insufficient self-control, and negativity, were greater in ED outpatients with severe childhood trauma. Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas related to defectiveness, failure, and negativity had a mediating role in the relationship between severe childhood trauma and ED symptom severity. Conclusions: This exploratory study provides preliminary evidence about the importance of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between trauma history and ED psychopathology. In addition, ED symptoms may represent a dysfunctional attempt to avoid unpleasant emotions associated with schema activation. The results support the need to consider early maladaptive schemas in the treatment of traumatized patients with ED symptoms. Study limitations, research and clinical implications are discussed. Plain English summary: Eating disorder psychopathology was found to be related to a history of trauma. Nonetheless, our understanding of the mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorders remains to be improved. The current study revealed that certain early maladaptive schemas (i.e., defectiveness, failure, and negativity) mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorder symptoms and that outpatients who experienced severe childhood trauma reported more severe eating disorder symptoms and greater severity of certain early maladaptive schemas, such as emotional deprivation, defectiveness, failure, vulnerability, insufficient self-control, and negativity. Our findings support the need to consider early maladaptive schemas in the treatment of traumatized patients with eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB) are relevant concerns in adolescence. Despite their contrasting phenotypes, they share common pathogenic origins and may be present in the same individual at different times. We explored the psychopathology and attachment features of adolescents with AN who did (AN-ow) or did not (AN-nw) have previous overweight, compared with OB adolescents and healthy control (HC) adolescents. Method: In total, 148 female adolescents referred to an outpatient clinic for an eating disorder (66 for AN and 42 for OB) and 40 HCs were assessed using self-administered instruments that measured parenting, attachment, eating, and general psychopathology. Group differences were tested by analysis of covariance, and correlations between variables were examined. Results: AN-ow, AN-nw, and OB adolescents had greater interpersonal distrust and avoidance of relationships, compared with HC adolescents. AN-nw and AN-ow adolescents displayed a higher need for approval and a drive to thinness and interpersonal distrust, compared with HC adolescents. AN-ow adolescents displayed lower paternal care and higher ineffectiveness, asceticism, social insecurity, and depression, compared with HC adolescents. Compared with AN-nw adolescents, AN-ow adolescents felt more ineffective and more ascetic. The dynamics linking the psychopathological features clearly distinguished the four groups. Conclusions: AN-ow is a well-identified subtype of AN, with specific features that differ from AN-nw; some of these features are shared with OB. A therapeutic approach tailored to AN-ow adolescents should consider these features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital technological revolution shifted the balance of world perceptual experience, increasing exposure to digital content, introducing a new quality to our perceptual experiences. Embodied cognition offers an ideal vantage point to study how digital technologies impact on selves and their social relations for at least two reasons: first, because of the bodily performative character of the relations and interactions these new media evoke; second, because similar brain-body mechanisms ground our relations with both the physical world and its digital mediations. A closer look is taken at the possible effects of digitization on social communication, on politics, as well as on the constitution of the self and its world relations, especially in the context of the ever-increasing amount of time spent online, with a focus on digital natives. As we explore the complexities of the digital age, it is imperative to critically examine the role of digital technologies in shaping social life and political discourse. By understanding the interplay between content, emotional context, delivery methods, and shareability within digital media landscapes, we can develop strategies to mitigate the negative effects of misinformation and promote informed decision-making in our increasingly digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of hysteria, despite being fundamental in the birth of psychiatry, has currently been removed from nosography. This choice speaks of the renunciation by contemporary nosography of understanding psychopathological conditions as structural entities, with internal coherence and meaningfulness – which on the contrary should be reconsidered. Hysteria represents a mirror of social and cultural changes. The metamorphoses throughout history of hysterical symptoms reflect the changing interests of medicine (the greater legitimation of somatic symptoms over psychic ones) and, in general, mirror the increasing importance of images in the contemporary world. Despite its nosographical fragmentation, hysteria continues to be talked about. Phenomenologically, hysteria is described not as a diagnosis but as an existential position, freeing it from gender prejudices. Hysterical persons suffer from a hypo-sufficiency of the self, from a difficulty in feeling from within, which ends up hypertrophying the identity definitions coming from without: the gaze of others, socio-cultural stereotypes, gender models. Visibility therefore takes on a central role, and images become a vehicle to represent oneself – capable of attracting the attention of others and enchanting them. Different powers have been attributed to images throughout the history of thought: that of paralyzing, that of moving to action, that of underlining the contingency of experience. Hysterical persons embody images, generating with their symptoms a world of representations. However, what characterizes hysteria is not the symptom, but the use made of that symptom: it becomes a catalyst for the gaze of others, which allows one to assume an otherwise lacking identity-consistency. For this reason, hysterical persons are not only passively subject to their symptoms, but actively make use of them in interpersonal relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress are prevalent in military service members and share objective and subjective cognitive symptoms, complicating recovery. We investigated the effects of remote mTBI characteristics and current posttraumatic stress symptoms on neuropsychological performance in 152 veterans with a history of remote mTBI and current cognitive concerns. Participants completed clinical neuropsychological evaluations within a Veterans Affairs Level‐II TBI/Polytrauma outpatient clinic (i.e. tertiary trauma care center for US military veterans outside of a research or teaching hospital setting). Archival data analysis of mTBI injury characteristics, clinical diagnoses, scores on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Military Version (PCL‐M) and performance on tests of processing speed, attention and executive function was conducted. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated that elevated PCL‐M scores were associated with slower performance on trail making test (TMT) Parts A and B (p <.016). PCL‐M symptoms moderated the effect of alteration of consciousness (AOC) on TMT performance, with endorsement of AOC associated with better performance, but only when PCL‐M scores were high (p <.005). Follow‐up mediation analyses demonstrated that PCL‐M score fully mediated the relationship between AOC and TMT‐A performance and partially mediated the relationship between AOC and TMT‐B performance. Post‐hoc analyses meant to separate the impact of processing speed on TMT‐B were all non‐significant. Remote mTBI characteristics, specifically AOC, were not associated with decrements in cognitive performance. Posttraumatic symptoms were associated with worse processing speed, suggesting that psychological distress and psychopathology are contributing factors in understanding and treating persistent cognitive distress following remote mTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale is the property of Edizioni Centro Studi Erickson SpA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to examine whether an underlying general psychopathology factor (p factor) existed in children and adolescents attending psychodynamic psychotherapy and whether this general psychopathology factor was associated with family functioning and engagement with psychotherapy. Method: Participants were 1976 children and adolescents, and their families, who sought psychodynamic psychotherapy from a community-based clinic in Southern Brazil. The Child Behavior Checklist and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales for assessing symptoms and family functioning were used, with treatment engagement data available through linked records. Confirmatory factor analytic methods examined psychopathology and regression models were constructed to examine associations. Results: A general psychopathology factor and specific internalizing and externalizing factors were identified. Higher general psychopathology scores at assessment were associated with an increased likelihood of dropout and poorer attendance compared to completing treatment. Father's educational level, living with both parents, lack of family adaptability and cohesion, and maltreatment experience were related to increased p factor severity. Conclusion: General psychopathology severity seems to contribute to child and adolescent psychotherapy outcomes, increasing the risk of non-adherence and dropout. Family difficulties and traumatic experiences may increase p factor severity. Identifying general psychopathology routinely can be crucial for developing effective treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify and describe in-session interaction patterns between psychoanalytic therapists and adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder, comparing good and poor outcome cases. Method: Audio recordings for 100 psychotherapy sessions from 10 Short-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies were analysed using the Adolescent Psychotherapy Q-Set (APQ). The cases and sessions were evenly divided into two groups (poor outcome and good outcome, 5 patients and 50 sessions per group). Interaction patterns were analysed with an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while group differences were assessed through t-tests. Results: The EFA revealed three factors: (1) "Open, engaged young person working collaboratively with a therapist to make sense of their experiences", (2) "Directive therapist with a young person fluctuating in emotional state and unwilling to explore", (3) "Young person expressing anger and irritation and challenging the therapist". Factor 1 was significantly more prominent in the good outcome cases, while factor 3, on the contrary, was more significantly related to the poor outcome cases. Factor 2 was equally present in both groups. Conclusion: Besides reinforcing to researchers and clinicians the association between a collaborative psychotherapy process with good outcomes, our findings also provide empirical data regarding the role of anger in adolescent depression and the psychotherapy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) might be associated with a distinct cognitive and psychological profile. However, previous studies are limited, predominantly based on small and pediatric cohorts, likely affected by selection bias, and show a broad range of findings. We aimed to characterize the neuropsychological functioning of adults with PHTS. A total of 40 participants, with intellectual disability as exclusion criterium, completed an extensive clinical neuropsychological assessment including cognitive tasks, questionnaires, and a clinical diagnostic interview. The cognitive tasks and questionnaire data were categorized as below and above average based on 1.5 SD. About 80% of participants showed an average level of intelligence. In addition, 30% and 24% of participants scored below average on immediate memory recall and speed of information processing, respectively. Furthermore, about 25% reported above average scores on the majority of the questionnaires, indicating psychological distress, signs of alexithymia, and cognitive complaints. Personality of participants was characterized by inflexibility, social withdrawal, and difficulties in recognizing and describing their own emotions. Adults with PHTS demonstrate a heterogeneous yet distinct neuropsychological profile that is characterized by slower information processing, psychological problems, and specific personality traits. These findings provide directions on how to optimize the care and daily lives of adults with PHTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theoretically examines how the psycho-pathological concept of hysteria has evolved since its emergence in antiquity, what causes contributed to it and how nowadays meaning-making systems of clinical psychology are mirrored through it. As has been shown, the transformation of hysteria is more closely related to the cultural psychology of feminism than any other disease before it. The 20th century in particular marked a significant change in the conceptualization of hysteria. From a highly sexist and paternalistic it became a political diagnose and finally was used, after getting banished from the psychological dictionary as an everyday pejorative personality adjective. It underwent a transformation within its gender classification, which was initially limited exclusively to women. Later, it became a psychiatric diagnosis, which was no longer durable nowadays and has finally changed into the concept of histrionic today. The analysis shows how, on the one hand, medical and biopsychological findings and, on the other hand, especially political movements and their cultural psychological processes of change form the basis of psychopathological concepts. It will be shown to what extent hysteria is exceptionally exemplary for this change in psychological meaning-making. In this context, the close connection between hysteria and the emancipatory development of our society could be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]