Search

Although consumers often value minimalist aesthetics, little work has examined why and when simple packaging designs of consumable products enhance consumer outcomes. The authors theorize that simple packaging evokes a symbolic association whereby minimizing design complexity signals that the product contains few ingredients, which increases perceived product purity and willingness to pay (WTP). A field study examining a supermarket chain's product packages (N = 1,353) provided preliminary support for this increase in WTP and two boundary conditions. Six preregistered studies replicated these effects and tested the underlying process. Studies 1a and 1b showed that the increase in WTP for simple packaging is driven by few-ingredients inferences increasing perceived product purity. Study 2 demonstrated the increase in WTP using an incentive-compatible design. Study 3 reinforced the proposed process via moderated mediation. Lastly, Studies 4 and 5 tested the boundary conditions in the field study, showing that WTP for simple packaging decreases when the product is from a store (vs. nonstore) brand and when consumers have an indulgence (vs. health) goal. These findings offer theoretical and managerial insight into minimalist aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wine, a product steeped in tradition and history, is often challenging for consumers to decipher due to its intricate characteristics. Appealing to non-wine connoisseurs to break into untapped market segments requires both innovation and creative thinking. To accomplish this, three wine brands utilized augmented reality (AR) technology to craft unique brand storytelling experiences that centered around the label, without focusing on physical product attributes, ultimately resonating with new market segments. This article explores the use cases of three wine brands; 19 Crimes, Barefoot, and Enosophia Wines, that employed AR technology as a form of disruptive rhetoric, to supplement their wine label storytelling. The study sheds light on how multisensory technology such as AR can be used to carve out new wine target markets and proposes an AR experience model with accompanying propositions outlining how the experiential realms can be leveraged to achieve key brand objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Almujtamae: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Children are an essential group in the path toward sustainable diets. This study (N = 240) therefore experimentally investigates childrenʻs (8 to 12 years) brand attitude and purchase request intent after exposure to a verbal sustainability label combined with a visual cue on food packaging. Results indicate that childrenʻs environmental concern is an important moderator of the efficacy of such sustainability labels. For children low in environmental concern, it is beneficial to add a visual cue to a verbal label, as it positively affects packaging evaluation, and consequently, brand attitude and purchase request intention. This visual cue diminishes the efficacy of a verbal label, however, when children are high in environmental concern. Findings can assist food manufacturers, marketers and policy makers to more effectively stimulate children to adopt sustainable diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to reduce instrument packaging defects in the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) using action research. Data of the instrument packs packaged by the packaging personnel at the CSSD of the authors' institution during March to May 2023 were collected and analyzed. After identifying the problems, 2 rounds of cyclic process of "plan-action-observe-reflect" were implemented to standardize the packaging procedures and develop and improve the applicable check of standard operating procedures for the CSSD. After strictly implementing the packaging operation standards and checklists, the number of packaging defect cases dropped from 274 to 41. A significant difference was identified between the number of packaging personnel who achieved a "pass" in the assessment of 3 items for maintenance. Also, 1 item for assembly had significant differences compared with the baseline number after the first cycle (P ≤ 0.001). A significant difference was identified between the number of packaging personnel who achieved a "pass" in the assessment of 20 items for 6 components after the second cycle compared with that after the first cycle (P ≤ 0.05). Through action research methodology, strict implementation of standardized packaging procedures in the CSSD can reduce packaging defects, thereby decreasing clinical complaints and ensuring patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiencing nature represents a dominant driver for many tourists, and the nature-based tourism market has become increasingly diversified. Activity specialization is a concept that can facilitate understanding of diversified tourist preferences by differentiating tourist behaviour, skills and knowledge and commitment related to one activity on a continuum from casual to specialized. Using a hybrid choice model, this study examines how activity specialization as a continuum relates to tourists stated choices of tour package preferences. Respondents were recruited at prominent tourist destinations for birdwatching, mountain biking, and iconic site hiking in Norway. The results show relationships between specialization and package choice, as well as differences across activities. In the birder and mountain biking cases, the likelihood of opting for a package with skill-level customized guiding increases with specialization. More specialized hikers are more likely to prefer packages without guiding and with modest accommodation standard. Packages offering higher biking qualities are more likely to be preferred by more specialized bikers. Specialization can add explanatory power to nature-based tourism product choices and support development of products that meet the needs of tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid laundry detergent packet exposures modestly declined in the mid-2010s among children less than 6 years of age due to public awareness and voluntary product safety standards. We aimed to assess longitudinal trends in the number and rate of liquid laundry detergent packet exposures in the United States by age. Data from the National Poison Data System were analyzed to characterize liquid laundry detergent packet exposures between January 2014 and December 2022. From 2014–2022, there were 114,826 single and polysubstance exposures to liquid laundry detergent packets. Children less than 6 years of age (86.8 percent) were most commonly exposed. When evaluating multi-year trends, we found that the annual exposure rate per 1 million children less than 6 years old increased by 16.8 percent from 392.6 in 2018 to 458.7 in 2020. Subsequently, the annual exposure rate in children less than 6 years of age declined by 6.8 percent from 2020 to 2022 (427.4 exposures per 1 million). The annual rate of adolescent exposures increased by 85.4 percent from 2014 (4.1 exposures per 1 million) to 2017 (7.6 exposures per 1 million), with a subsequent increase of 155.3 percent from 2017 to 2018 (19.4 exposures per 1 million). Among adults, the annual exposure rate increased by 147.1 percent from 2014 (1.7 exposures per 1 million) to 2022 (4.2 exposures per 1 million). The number of more serious medical outcomes and hospital admissions among children less than 6 years of age declined by 44.3 percent and 68.6 percent, respectively, between 2014 and 2018. Despite declines in the number, rate, and severity of liquid laundry detergent packet exposures among children less than 6 years old, the exposure burden remains high. Additionally, exposures have increased among older children, adolescents, and adults. Renewed safety efforts are warranted to protect prior public health gains and further reduce exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the effect of product pricing and product packaging on consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction. This research was carried out by distributing questionnaires via Google Form to 125 respondents who are Mixue consumers in the Jakarta metropolitan area, at least 17 years old, have made at least 2 product purchases in the last six months, and know Mixue products and prices. This study used a quantitative approach by collecting data through surveys and purposive sampling. The data obtained was processed via SEM with SmartPls software. This research finds that product pricing significantly affects consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). Product packaging also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). The place also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.033). Customer satisfaction also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). Product pricing positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction. Product packaging positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction (p-value 0.030). The place also positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction (p-value 0.040). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In the contemporary world, where cultural and national identity are a matter of utmost importance, packaging of products seems to be an obvious instance or representation of national and cultural identity. Packaging is a factor that affects product evaluation. When buying goods, people see packaging carefully and keep some of them in their houses for years. For this reason, packaging is of great importance.The present research is important because in the recent years, the use of repetitive designs or imitation of foreign packaging designs have caused most of the packaging of Iranian products to be lacking in creativity, identity, and culture in the global markets. Therefore, the use of Iranian and traditional motifs, that have visual principles, will be suitable options to create creativity and aesthetics in the packaging of goods. Patterns taken from Persian carpets are one of the most important Iranian handicrafts that can be considered a good option for creating a national identity. Research Method The present study, hence, was an attempt to develop the effectiveness of Iranian identity formation on packaging industry by focusing on the graphical potentials of two Iranian carpet motifs. The study tried to answer this question: whether or not using Iranian carpet motifs could improve national identity formation, and, if it did, with respect to the aesthetics of Iranian carpet designs and motifs, which methods should be used to facilitate such identity formation.The study used a descriptive-analytical method using library materials. After analyzing the images of Brick-shaped Yalameh and MinakhaniVaramin carpets and following principles of the visual imagery, the authors used the motifs and offered 12 designs for packaging goods. About the capabilities of patterns and structures of Yalma and Minakhani carpets, three general designs were proposed. The first was using the whole structure of the carpet design or a part of the carpet motifs without any change in the fringe, border, and so on. The second was using a part of the motifs in combination with other packaging motifs, and the third was making changes to the original form of the motifs or change to the whole structure of the carpet design. In continuation of the research, these three methods suggested by the for the designers to use Yalmeh and MinakhaniVaramin carpet motifs in packaging design were presented. In the visual examples, mentioned in the article in all three methods, one sample of carpet motifs and the second sample of the overall structure of carpets were used for packaging. Research Findings To reach the aim of the research, the characteristics of the visual principles of Brick-shaped Yalameh and MinakhaniVaramin carpet motifs were investigated. After investigations, it was determined that in these carpets, both in motifs and in the overall structure there were visual principles. Visual values include order, balance, symmetry, proportion, contrast, harmony of positive and negative space, rhythm, emphasis, and concentration. They existed in all motifs and in the whole structure of the carpets. All of these were the principles and foundations of visual arts. This made it possible to use these motifs in graphics, including the designing of the designs of a suitable package or a creative package. Also, if strong boxes were made for packing goods and handicrafts, it was more likely that they would be kept in people's homes for years.Therefore, a design and pattern with Iranian identity on packaging can be a good advertising example for Iranian handicraft; through repeating Iranian designs and motifs, they could develop Iranian identity. Conclusion The analysis of the results confirmed that using and repeating such motifs in packaging of Iranian goods could enhance the national and cultural identity formation due to the affinity Iranian audience feel towards them. For foreign audiences, they are reminiscent of Iranian motifs and designs. Also, a firm and beautiful package can be kept in one’s home as a decorative object for years. Correspondingly, Iranian carpet motifs had the potential to be used in the packaging design in three general and practical ways, including the direct use of designs and motifs, in the combination with other elements or drawings by making changes in the original form, andin creating different designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of brand origin was introduced two decades ago in response to the restrictive nature of 'country-of-origin' research in marketing; however, research to this day has remained constrained to geography. This paper leverages brand narrative to reconceptualize brand origin with the goal of enabling a broader array of strategic and positioning options to brand managers and brand origin researchers. The results of an exploratory study suggest that unburdening the scope of origin from geography enables the evolution of brand management to enlarge the scope and domain of the concept of 'origin' fivefold. Avenues for both management practice and future research exploration related to the multidimensional nature of brand origin are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study enumerates how product packaging amount to solid wastes among other Awka MSW constituents with the view to unfold green design or multiple re-useable product packaging as achievable means of minimizing solid waste in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria. Perhaps, there are locations with well managed or minimized packaging waste; accordingly, this study includes the review of some literatures on Awka MSW so as to note the extent of studies that have been published and made available in trendy media. Thus, the study is descriptive, literature- based and naturalistic observation -based in terms of estimated counting during the visitation to the selected areas. The findings reveal that studies on solid waste characterization, health, perception, behaviour of the populace in relation to solid waste and sustainability are ubiquitous. Still, the aspect of product packaging waste in the Awka metropolis has not been extensively studied; thus, present study fills this gap by aiming at unfolding green design or multiple re-useable product packaging as achievable means of minimizing solid waste in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria. However, this study in concord with prior studies shows that the product package among other solid waste occurs in a similar way in residential locations except other locations such as markets, schools, hospitals, municipal and industrial areas which have more of the litters of non-green packaging materials. Example is the plastic package with the largest quantity of generated solid waste within selected location in relation to other solid waste. Thus, the policy approach under which producers are given significant responsibility for waste prevention/diversion of post-consumer products should be ongoing through Private - Public Sector Partnerships (PPP) harmonized with EPR. This can be done by enhancing the concern of everybody (manufactures, consumers, organizations and other entrepreneurs including waste pickers/scavengers). Situation where by producers persuade the consumers through gainful or attractive means to return used product packages can be encouraged. Thus, the present study unfolds green design or multiple reuses of product packages as a means of attaining zero waste in Awka metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Politics & Society / Polityka & Społeczeństwo is the property of University of Rzeszow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Over recent years, brand semiotics have been gaining the marketing practitioners' attention for designing their brand strategy. Hence, to address this gap, the current study investigates the effect of semiotic product packaging on brand experience dimensions, brand trust and purchase intent of reputed major brands of fast-moving consumer good (FMCG) products. Design/methodology/approach: The data for this study were collected by administering a questionnaire-based survey from 254 respondents from the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) of India, using systematic sampling. Structural equation modeling has been used to test the conceptual model and examine the hypotheses developed in the study. Findings: The results present evidence of the growing influence of semiotic product packaging upon consumer brand trust and purchase intentions. The study suggests that brand semiotics positively influence customer brand experience, brand trust and purchase intention of FMCG products. Practical implications: The research findings will benefit FMCG companies to identify how to apply semiotics in packaging to improve consumers' brand experience and influence intent to purchase. Originality/value: Research in brand semiotics on product packaging is limited, as most prior studies focus on brand semiotics in advertising, product design improvement and retail design. The present study has investigated the impact of semiotics on brand experience dimensions in product packaging, which is emerging as a critical concern for the FMCG sector particularly in the post-COVID period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Qardhul Hasan: Media Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The loss of a sense of humanness that stems from increasing mechanization, automation, and digitization gives firms an impetus to develop effective ways to humanize products. On the basis of knowledge activation theory, this article systematically investigates a novel humanization approach: the use of typefaces that appear to be handwritten. Across several laboratory and field studies, the authors provide evidence of the positive effect of handwritten typefaces, reveal the mechanisms that lead to these outcomes, and outline some boundary conditions. Specifically, the results show that handwritten typefaces create perceptions of human presence, which lead to more favorable product evaluations (and behavior) by enhancing the emotional attachment between the consumer and the product. However, these effects are mitigated for brands to which consumers already feel a sense of attachment. Finally, the effects reverse when the products are functionally positioned or functional in nature. The present article thus extends understanding of humanization processes and provides guidelines for how and when brands should use handwritten typefaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical instrument packaging quality directly affects the safety and performance of surgery. We aimed to investigate the factors causing defects in surgical instrument packaging and recommend strategies to prevent defects in surgical instrument packaging.Methods: We collected surgical instrument packaging data regarding age, gender, length of service, educational background, number of staff dealing with packaging, time period of packaging, instrument specification, where the wrap was intact, whether the wrap reached the required quality of cleaning, and whether the instruments were satisfactorily cleaned in compliance with guidelines from 5000 surgical instrument packages during June-December 2018 at Central Sterile Supply Department of the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey completed by the operating room staff using surgical instruments was used to measure the level of their satisfaction with the instruments in the packages. We utilized single-factor analysis to investigate possible factors that might cause defects in surgical instrument packaging, and conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with defects in packaging.Results: Length of service, educational background, number of staff dealing with packaging, time period of packaging, instrument structure, whether the wrap was intact, whether the wrap reached the required quality of cleaning, and whether the surgical instruments were satisfactorily cleaned in compliance with guidelines were the factors significantly (P < 0.05) associated with defects in surgical instrument packaging.Conclusion: This study reveals that various factors are associated with defects in surgical instrument packaging. Recommendations for reducing incidences of defects include improved scheduling of packaging workload, greater provision of training in packaging skills, and standardization of packaging procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmentally friendly products become increasingly popular. To be considered for purchase, they must be (1) sufficiently salient and (2) perceived as environmentally friendly ("green"). The current paper investigates whether implicit (packaging material) and explicit (eco-labeling) packaging cues can facilitate such salience and greenness perceptions. We conducted a mixed-method, within-subjects experiment using self-report measures to assess perceived greenness, and mouse tracking as an exploratory measurement method to assess salience. Finally, we explored whether green consumerism, as a personal value, moderates these effects. Results confirm that both implicit and explicit cues that signalize environmental friendliness positively influence perceived salience and greenness. Furthermore, we find that implicit and explicit cues seem mostly independent in affecting salience and greenness perceptions and that green consumerism is no prerequisite for most of these packaging effects to emerge. As such, this research provides important new theoretical and practical insights on the role of packaging in food marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between product pricing and product packaging plays an important role in the buying behavior of consumers, whereas customer satisfaction plays a mediating role. To test these hypotheses, research was conducted on university students in China. Questionnaire-based convenience sampling was conducted on 500 students for data collection using online and offline sources. A total of 367 (73%) students responded, and 17 questionnaires were rejected due to missing information. SPSS and AMOS software were used for the data analysis. Product pricing and product information were independent variables in this study, whereas consumer buying behavior was a dependent variable. Customer satisfaction is mediated by one dependent and two independent variables. Confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and discriminant validity in structural equation modeling revealed that product pricing and packaging had a statistically significant relationship with the buyer decision process. The introduction of satisfaction as a mediating variable led to the observation of full mediation in the case of product pricing and partial mediation in product packaging. Given the results of this research, product managers should adopt pricing tactics along with product packaging to influence the buying intentions of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION While plain packaging of tobacco products has emerged as a policy intervention to reduce smoking, regulators in the US have limited ability to implement plain packaging. We sought to identify the impact of subtle changes to cigarette packaging (Study 1) and how packaging design influenced participant choices based on appeal, harm, and style (Study 2). METHODS We conducted two discrete-choice experiments with US adult smokers online in 2018. In Study 1 (n=285), we assessed participants' selections based on subtle changes to pack design features (dimensions, color saturation, logo size). In Study 2 (n=284), we assessed three choices in which participants selected packs based on appeal, harmfulness, and best match to their personal style. Study 2 packs varied by color hue, design with different levels of organic labeling and natural imagery, and color saturation. RESULTS Pack designs influenced smokers' choices. In Study 1, pack dimensions and color saturation emerged as the most important features, and, in Study 2, design and color hue were the most influential characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Regulators should consider how the design of cigarette packages may influence consumers' perceptions and choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transfer of xenobiotics from their original container to an unlabeled or secondary container is a well-identified risk factor for poisoning. Nonetheless, recent large-scale data on the practice are unavailable. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence and features of poisonings in the United States due to xenobiotics stored in a secondary container. This was a retrospective review of the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2007 to 2017. Non-suicidal exposures associated with the scenario "container transfer involved (product transferred from original container to unlabeled container, incorrectly labeled container, or food container for use or storage and patient accessed product from second container)" were included. Forty-five thousand five hundred and twelve cases were included. The median age of subjects was 30 years (interquartile range: 6–53); 52% were female. Cleaning products (38.2%), disinfectants (17.3%), and hydrocarbons (5.0%) were the most common xenobiotics reported. The annual incidence of cases increased over the study period. There were 9369 (20.6%) ED visits and 1856 (4.1%) hospital admissions. Most cases (72%) were deemed nontoxic or resulted in no effects; 4.4% resulted in serious outcomes (moderate effects, major effects, or death), including 23 deaths. Morbidity was highest for pesticides, prescription medications, and herbicides, with 10.3%, 9.8%, and 7.6% of cases resulting in serious outcomes, respectively. Hydrofluoric acid and herbicides were associated with the most deaths (13/23 [57%]). Transfer of xenobiotics to a secondary container is a scenario increasingly reported to U.S. poison centers. Although most exposures do not result in significant toxicity, ED visits are common and substantial morbidity can occur. This represents an opportunity for public health intervention to curb the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard (alcoholic) ciders have grown rapidly since the early 2000s, but unlike beer and wine, there is limited scholarly research on their sensory attributes. The purpose of this study was to categorize and describe sensory and visual packaging and label attributes of ciders made in Virginia, United States using a labeled, free sorting task (a rapid sensory analysis method) with untrained panelists. In Study 1, N 1 = 49 panelists tasted and sorted K = 18 ciders into groups and labeled their groups. Then visually for Study 2, a second group of panelists (N 2 = 61) sorted "photo sheets" of packaging and labels for the same K = 18 ciders by two separate tasks: According to how they expected the cider to taste; and What occasion they would be most inclined to consume the cider at. Classical text analysis was used to analyze descriptors from both the sensory and visual free sorting tasks, and the terms were projected onto their respective compromise similarity maps that were produced using DISTATIS. Subjects identified and described distinct sensory styles and attributes among the evaluated ciders; however, descriptions provided by producers on their labels did not align well with panelist experienced sensory attributes. Consistent sorting patterns from the photo sheets emerged—providing a first look into how ciders might be valued based on packaging and labels alone. The results of this research will help cider producers develop favorable products that will satisfy consumer expectations and encourage repeat purchase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of adding nanofillers on transformer oil breakdown voltage and its thermal performance finds a great interest from researchers and scientists. The impact of oil circulation considering oil forced cooling method on nanoparticles stability in transformer oil is investigated. The stability is considered from breakdown voltage and thermal performance points of view. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are chosen due to the safety of TiO2 nanomaterial as well as its good performance. First, the optimal concentration of nanosized TiO2 at which maximum breakdown voltage of nanofilled transformer oil is determined and chosen to study the effect of oil circulation on breakdown voltage as well as thermal performance of nanofilled oil. Two reduced experimental models are designed. The first model consists of a galvanized steel tank containing TiO2‐nanofilled transformer oil, at the pre‐determined optimal concentration. This tank is designed to simulate the natural oil cooled transformer. However, the second model that uses a similar tank is designed to simulate a forced cooled transformer. This model consists of a tank containing TiO2‐nanofilled transformer oil, at the pre‐determined optimal concentration, and an oil pump. Breakdown voltage and thermal performance considering the two adapted models are measured in a time period of 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practitioners and academics agree that packaging is a communication tool that impacts marketing success. This paper focuses on a specific cue incorporated in product packaging: the use of supplementary unconventional lettering, such as Arabic characters, on a product package with English. Building on the theory of Foreign Language Display, the use of unconventional lettering that is congruent with the product is expected to be favorable if it is interpreted as a quality cue. Additionally, familiarity with the product category moderates this relationship. This paper discusses empirical studies carried out in a developed economy and a developing economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transfer: Zeitschrift für Kommunikation & Markenmanagement is the property of Deutsche Werbewissenschaftliche Gesellschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the majority of snacking behavior directed toward self-reward, there is a growing area of interest in the use of motivational messaging in front-of-pack (FoP) labeling. It is assumed this form of persuasive labeling may be more effective for unhealthy food items, as such messaging may reduce feelings of guilt that is typically accompanied with unhealthy food consumption. Thus, this study examined the proposed effect using a between-subjects experimental design that manipulated message type and nutritional FoP information. Based on responses from 313 participants, results suggest that nutritional FoP information moderates the effect of motivational messaging for unhealthy foods. Specifically, positive effects of motivational messaging are marginalized by the mere presence of nutritional FoP information. From a policy perspective, mandatory nutritional FoP labeling may be utilized as an effective deterrent that counteracts motivational messaging used by firms to encourage consumption of unhealthy foods. Limitations and directions for future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nanning Zhiye Jishu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Nanning College for Vocational Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transfer: Zeitschrift für Kommunikation & Markenmanagement is the property of Deutsche Werbewissenschaftliche Gesellschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eating food is one of the most important needs of every person, so their safety and quality should be crucial for everyone. People expect, that food they eat is hygienically and health safe. Unfortunately, people usually start to focus on food safety only when various food scandals are exposed and it is too late. Mass consumption of food is the cause of a high risk to human health, but only in the case of harmful food. Food-borne diseases are a common and widespread phenomenon in all parts of the world, regardless of the economic development of the country. Protection of human, animal and plant health is one of the main economic priorities of each country. The political objective of the European Union is therefore to ensure that European Union citizens have access to safe and nutritious foods, so it must meet strict safety standards. In ensuring food safety, it is necessary to take into account all aspects of the food production chain as a whole, because each subject can have a potential impact on food safety. This paper deals with the issues of food safety and food quality. The main objective was to find out how consumers perceive higher quality food and whether they read information included on the food packaging. Primary data were obtained from a survey that was conducted on the sample of 478 respondents living in Slovakia. For a deeper analysis, several assumptions, which were verified by Friedman Test, Chi-Square Test of Independence, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, were formulated. The survey has found out that 84% of respondents buy higher quality food and 60% purchase them because of health-related reasons. More than half of respondents search for the information about food safety on the Internet and the same percentage considere government as the most reliable source of information about food safety. Unfortunately, just more than one quarter of them read the information on food label and for 34% is this information unsufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to critically appraise the evidence for the effectiveness of the plain packaging of tobacco products policy. Methods: A systematic approach to a literature review was undertaken using five databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Global Health and Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Quantitative and qualitative studies that evaluate attitudes towards smoking, starting smoking and quitting intentions when plain packaging use is compared with standard cigarette packaging use were included. Results: A total of 1923 studies were identified. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, nine studies were included in the review. The overall quality of the data was variable but a significant number of the studies had major methodological flaws. However, data analysed in the literature review suggest that exposure to plain packaging increases intention to quit amongst exposed individuals, increases negative attitudes to both smoking and starting smoking. Conclusion: Although the evidence for plain packaging of tobacco is not strong, the evidence that is available indicates that it is an effective tobacco cessation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Handel Wewnêtrzny is the property of Institute for Market, Consumption & Business Cycles Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Handel Wewnêtrzny is the property of Institute for Market, Consumption & Business Cycles Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and propose a framework for environmental impact assessment of packaging material being used to package a product.Design/methodology/approach The research considers parameters identified in the literature by the use of “Delphi Technique”. Based on available data, methods of measurement of the parameters are carried out. Furthermore, a metrics is proposed for measurement of environmental impact. Based on the metrics, the research proposes a framework for environmental impact assessment by use of Dominic’s method. The research validates the proposed framework through Pahl and Beitz method.Findings The proposed framework establishes a metrics for measurement of 16 parameters for environmental impact assessment. The framework can be used to compare a set of alternate packaging material for the same product for its environmental impact. The framework also provides a quantitative measure of the environmental impact assessment of a product packaging.Research limitations/implications The research can be used to evaluate a packaging as compared to its alternate. It can also be used to propose suggestions for improving the environmental impact of packaging in comparison to its alternate.Practical implications The data considered for establishing of metrics for measurement of parameters for environmental impact may not be available in all practical situations in the similar way as considered in the research.Originality/value This paper proposes a framework for environmental impact assessment for product packaging considering data in the Indian scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Extensive work has focused on the effects of nutrition label information on consumer behavior on the one hand, and on the effects of packaging graphics on the other hand. However, little work has examined how serving suggestion depictions - graphics relating to serving size - influence the quantity consumers serve themselves. The current work examines the prevalence of exaggerated serving size depictions on product packaging (study 1) and its effects on food serving in the context of cereal (study 2).Methods: Study 1 was an observational field survey of cereal packaging. Study 2 was a mixed experimental cross-sectional design conducted at a U.S. university, with 51 student participants. Study 1 coded 158 US breakfast cereals and compared the serving sizes depicted on the front of the box with the suggested serving size stated on the nutrition facts panel. Study 2 measured the amount of cereal poured from exaggerated or accurate serving size depictions. Study 1 compared average servings via t-tests. Study 2 used a mixed model with cereal type as the repeated measure and a compound symmetry covariance matrix.Results: Study 1 demonstrated that portion size depictions on the front of 158 cereal boxes were 65.84% larger (221 vs. 134 calories) than the recommended portions on nutrition facts panels of those cereals. Study 2 showed that boxes that depicted exaggerated serving sizes led people to pour 20% more cereal compared to pouring from modified boxes that depicted a single-size portion of cereal matching suggested serving size. This was 45% over the suggested serving size.Conclusions: Biases in depicted serving size depicted on cereal packaging are prevalent in the marketplace. Such biases may lead to overserving, which may consequently lead to overeating. Companies should depict the recommended serving sizes, or otherwise indicate that the depicted portion represents an exaggerated serving size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that orthodontic brackets as supplied by manufacturers do not have microbial contamination. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 140 brackets of four different commercially available brands, used directly from the manufacturer's packaging, divided into 14 groups (n  =  10 brackets each). Of the 140 pieces, 60 were full cases and 80 were replacement brackets. Materials were tested to detect bacterial growth, analyze types of bacteria present (biochemical test), and identify bacteria (molecular test with polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). Results: In two of 12 groups the brackets showed microbial contamination: group 1, Morelli full case brackets, and group 12, Abzil-3M Unitek replacement brackets. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the bacteria identified in groups 1 and 12, respectively (suggested by the biochemical test and confirmed by PCR). Conclusions: Brackets of two brands (Morelli and Abzil-3M Unitek) were found to be contaminated by bacteria in the original packages supplied by the manufacturers, which suggests a risk for patient contamination. These data suggest that the manufacturers of these materials should improve the quality control of the packaging used, including sterilization, for the security of patient health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent policy recommendations encourage efforts to support children's healthy dietary choices, particularly in light of concerns over the marketing of foods to children and the link between diet and noncommunicable disease. This study conducted focus groups with children to examine what is salient to them when identifying the health qualities of packaged foods. Twelve focus groups of 4–6 participants (divided by age and gender) were conducted with children in grades 1–6. When asked to consider how to make 'healthy' and 'less healthy' packaged food choices, children focused primarily on sugar, salt, fat, fibre, and calories. Sugar was deemed unhealthy across the grades, but was re-categorized as healthy in forms other than white sugar (e.g., honey, brown sugar). Fibre was designated as healthy. Sodium and fat signalled an unhealthy food for grades 1–2, but was deemed acceptable in 'lower' amounts for grades 3–6 children. Calories were interpreted as 'less healthy' when associated with fat and sugar, and 'healthier' when viewed as energy. Boys were more concerned with fat and calories compared to girls who did not favour any particular nutritional component. Although children may not be expected to use nutritional components to classify foods as 'healthy' or 'less healthy', and previous research demonstrates they are not developmentally ready to navigate such abstract concepts, this study shows that children nonetheless use nutritional components to support their packaged food choices. The research raises questions about how to help children make 'healthy' packaged food choices under current food labelling practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To what extent do cereal spokes-characters make eye contact with children versus adults, and does their eye contact influence choice? In study 1, the shelf placement and eye positioning of 86 cereal spokes-characters were evaluated in 10 grocery stores in the Eastern United States. We calculated the average height of cereal boxes on the shelf for adult- versus children-oriented cereals (48 in. vs. 23 in.) and the inflection angle of spokes-characters' gaze (0.4° vs. -9.6°). We found that cereal characters on child- (adult-) oriented cereals make incidental eye contact at children's (adults') eye level. In Study 2, we showed that eye contact with cereal spokes-characters increased feelings of trust and connection to the brand, as well as choice of the brand over competitors. Currently, many of the cereals targeted toward children are of the heavily sugared, less healthy variety. One potential application of this finding would be to use eye contact with spokes-characters to promote healthy choices and healthier food consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Preliterate children may be poisoned because they fail to distinguish safe versus hazardous household products. Methods Study 1: A total of 228 children aged 18–54 months completed four tasks assessing ability to recognize product safety. Study 2: A total of 68 children aged 17–31 months chose products to drink from pairs of dangerous versus beverage bottles. Study 3: A total of 119 children aged 18–42 months sorted 12 objects into toys, things you can drink, and things that are bad/dangerous. Results Left alone, children frequently touched dangerous household products. Children frequently misidentified poisonous products as safe. Some developmental trends emerged. The following packaging features apparently helped children recognize danger: black bottle color; opaque packaging; salient symbols like insects; lack of pointy spouts; squared, not round, bottles; and metal, not plastic, containers. Conclusions Developing cognition helps preliterate children distinguish safe from dangerous household products. Multiple aspects of product packaging may reduce child poisoning risk if implemented by industry or policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the increasing importance of packaging design for product and brand management, this study tests effects of movement visuals and location of imagery on sensorial product impressions. Participants were exposed to a packaging variant for a fictitious brand of washing powder. Subsequently, they smelled packaging contents, estimated package weight, and evaluated product and brand. Findings show that movement visuals connoting upward (versus downward) movement resulted in the experience of a less concentrated smell, but only when presented in the top-left region of the package. Furthermore, imagery located in the top-left (versus bottom-right) region induced lower estimates of package weight. Additionally, findings show that location and movement visuals impact brand image formation and consumer preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of recalling visual and child-oriented product packaging elements vs informational content on children's influence on household purchases. Design/methodology/approach -- The study was conducted using quantitative research among 100 French consumers of breakfast cereals aged six to 11. Findings -- The paper challenges previous findings. First, the recall of the various types of packaging elements was equivalent across age groups. Second, the impact of visual and child-oriented element recall on purchase influences was high, especially for younger children, but not superior to the impact of recalling informational packaging elements. Third, adding information and other elements to visuals reduced young children's intentions to influence purchases, suggesting that the overload -- not the nature -- of elements has a negative impact. Fourth, packaging recall seemed weakly related to purchase influence -- at least for well-known brands. Research limitations/implications -- Further research on larger samples will allow to encompass potential moderators such as brand context, consumer context and packaging stimulus. Research should also compare the positive (reassuring) influence of adding informational elements on mothers to the negative one it has on children's influence. Practical implications -- These findings can be used to wisely plan retailers' packaging strategy. But all in all, retail packaging represents only one of the many factors which impact upon children's diet and food consumptions and should be reassessed in the face other influences. Originality/value -- The findings challenge and expand one's knowledge on the relationship between children and the relative influence of child-oriented elements and information, across age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess how claims of “green” advertising influence consumers, this study examined whether argument strength and imagery used in environmental claims on product packaging affected participants' perceptions of the claims' credibility, perceptions of the products' “greenness,” attitudes toward the product, purchasing intent, and general attitudes toward “green” product advertising. A 3 (Argument: No argument, Weak, or Strong)×2 (Image: Present or Absent) factorial experiment was conducted by varying product packaging on a bottle of laundry detergent. While argument strength influenced perceptions of credibility, product greenness, and attitudes, a weak argument was as effective as a strong argument in eliciting purchasing intent. Similarly, the presence of a green seal image influenced purchasing intent regardless of argument strength. These results suggest that though consumers are able to evaluate the quality of green arguments, the mere presence of any green cue affects purchasing intent regardless of format, modality, or quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has considered antecedents of perceived quality and loyalty without consideration of information cues. This study investigates the effect of information cues in the female cosmetics market. Data collected from 193 female cosmetics users identifies significant antecedents and outcomes concluding that product packaging and brand innovativeness are major contributors to consumer evaluations of perceived quality, loyalty and word-of-mouth intentions. Frequency of use and of purchase moderates the effects of product packaging and brand innovativeness. The paper discusses the implications for brand owners and suggests that product packaging evaluations and brand innovativeness require closer attention as information cues to match consumer profiles in target markets. The study is the first of its kind within the cosmetics market. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper introduces enterprise banking as the newest solution for small-business banking. The paper examines the unique challenges of the small-business market, from the ownership of the small business segment, to the limitations of the current small-business product offerings, to the resulting impact of the small-business product gap. The paper takes a close look at the unique characteristics of the small-business customer and discusses the impact of the convergence of small-business behaviour that are at times retail and at others commercial. Finally, the paper identifies several factors that have contributed to the growing success and acceptance of enterprise banking for both business and consumer banking solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable consumption has been addressed in the literature in recent years, especially in relation to changing from a traditional consumption to sustainable consumption. Reducing environmental impacts from waste generation has been the focal point of sustainable consumption. However, a large number of attributes has caused a complexity in understanding which attributes effectively enhance the consumption. In particular, sustainable consumption has been facing a negative trend due to low levels of knowledge about packaging's environmental impact, failed communication which leads to misperception and irresponsible behavior. This study contributes to proposing a set of attributes for enhancing sustainable consumption in the Indonesian food industry, to fulfill the lack of understanding of the attribute interrelationships using qualitative information. This study proposes a set of attributes to enhance sustainable consumption with qualitative information by assessing the interrelationships among the attributes employing the Delphi method and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to provide causal and effect relationships. As a result, corporate communication, consumer perception, consumer behavior, and product packaging are major aspects for sustainable consumption enhancement. Corporate communication becomes a major driver to affect perception and behavior. This study proposes a managerial insight for the packaged food industry on improving several criteria including green marketing, green consumerism, verbal features, and importance of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]