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Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Landscape Architecture (1673-1530) is the property of Beijing Landscape Architecture Journal Periodical Office Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultivated land is the most precious resource in China, the lifeblood of food production, and the foundation of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Cultivated land protection policies play a vital role in ensuring national food security and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture. Based on the 22 'No. 1 central documents' and the relevant policy texts, this paper systematically explored the change process, evolution logic, and tool effectiveness of cultivated land protection policies from the perspective of ecological civilization from 2003 to 2024, utilizing grounded theory and policy tools. Through grounded theory analysis, it was found that the pedigree of cultivated land protection policy tools could be categorized into control-oriented policy tools, regulatory policy tools, guiding policy tools, and supervisory policy tools. The analysis of the effectiveness of policy tools showed that the effects of cultivated land protection policy tools achieved remarkable results, leading to the initial establishment of a 'trinity' cultivated land use system. However, the proportionate structure of policy tools was unreasonable, and their side effects needed improvement. Additionally, policy forms lacked effective cohesion, with a prominent separation of protection objectives. While regulatory policy tools continued to be improved, there was a need for social forces to innovate and guide the situation. This research deconstructed the governance paths and mechanisms of the cultivated land protection policy system through the pedigree division of policy tools and effectiveness analysis, revealing the profound changes in the internal and external environments of the cultivated land protection policy objectives, the growth and decline of the effectiveness of the continuous use of policy tools, and the hidden contradictions and side effects present in some policy forms. Based on the concept of ecological civilization, the following insights are offered: improve the legal system of cultivated land protection and strengthen the governance foundation of policy tools; optimize the structure of policy tools and systematically enhance their integration; develop a diversified participation and investment mechanism and innovate financial support policies; and harness the social and ecological value potential of cultivated land and balance the rights and interests of cultivated land protection and utilization subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition to Education and Research, universities and research institutions are also responsible for other functions such as research, entrepreneurship, socialization and par- ticipation in the development of their surrounding environment, which is also known as the third mission. In this regard, the aim of this article is to analyze the functions of research and the third mission in Iranian universities and research institutions, identify challenges and provide policy solutions to solve these challenges. The current research is qualitative and descriptive in terms of type and purpose, and its orientation is applied-developmental. The required secondary data is extracted from documents, reports, books and research background. Primary data was also collected through 20 semi-structured interviews. Based on the findings of this article, in total, the challenges identified in the 4 functions of conducting basic research and at the edge of knowledge, conducting demand- oriented research for industry, society and government, entrepreneurship and commercialization of research and technological achievements and paying attention to national needs and regional and sustainable extraction and then corresponding to each challenge, policies were proposed to promote these functions. The findings of this research have practical and policy implications and suggestions for science and technology policy makers and university managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing Medical University: Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Nanjing Medicial University (NMU) Medical Publications Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secretary (16742354) is the property of Secretary Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Preventive Medicine is the property of Modern Preventive Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Preventive Medicine is the property of Modern Preventive Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Participatory budgeting (PB) fosters community engagement in the allocation of public funds. Although its popularity has diminished in general-purpose governments, it is gaining traction in school districts. Yet research on PB's managerial implications remains scarce. This study analyzes a PB process in a New York school district, examining key stages, participants, and engagement dynamics using quantitative and qualitative data. Our findings underscore important implementation challenges that necessitate careful consideration before advocating the widespread adoption of school PB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of e-Education Research is the property of Northwest Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Faced with the severe situation of global population aging, smart elderly care services have become an effective way to solve the dilemma of elderly care. In recent years, the Chinese government has frequently issued policies to promote the rapid development of smart elderly care service. This paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of "policy objectivepolicy tool-value chain" and uses content analysis method, which is a structured research method that analyzes the content of text, to analyze 126 policies at the national level of China's Smart elderly care service from 2012 to 2022. Through the quantitative statistical analysis, this study finds that the distribution of policy objectives is uneven, the structure of policy tools is imbalanced, the support strength of each link of the value chains is different, and the cross-fitting effect of dimensions is insufficient. In the future, pay attention to the balanced development of the needs of the elderly; Promote the complementarity of various policy tools; Strengthen the systematization of all links of the value chains; Improve the fitting effect between policy objectives, policy tools and value chains, and strive to improve the weak points of each combination model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematic analysis of policy texts on promoting regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta region is of great significance for promoting higher-quality development of this Chinese region. By collecting 803 policy texts from 2003 to 2022 and using policy text and social network analysis methods, we statically reveal the evolution patterns of integration policies in the Yangtze River Delta under different dimensions. According to our research, the types of policies for integration in the Yangtze River Delta are diverse and flexible, with agreement policies being the main focus; the number of annual policy releases shows a trajectory of first fluctuating and then stabilizing growth; policy makers are mainly based on multi-department joint formulation across departments, levels, and administrative regions, supplemented by individual provinces and cities under the guidance of the central government; the integration coverage rate is gradually increasing, but there are differences in the level of emphasis within the field and among provinces and cities; and there is an imbalance in the use of both policy tools as a whole and sub-tools. Based on this, while prioritizing the integrated development of ecology, technology, economy, and other fields, while also promoting comprehensive integration in education, law, information, food safety, and other fields; policy makers should appropriately increase the use of contractual economic tools, maintain the current use trend of structural forcing tools, and enhance the stability of the use of interactive impact tools to ensure the balance and effectiveness of the use of policy tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teacher Development Research is the property of Teacher Development Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of differentiated emission reduction strategies plays an important role in achieving carbon compliance targets. Each city should adopt carbon reduction strategies according to its carbon emission characteristics. China is a vast country, and there are significant differences between cities. Therefore, this study classifies 340 Chinese cities according to their carbon emission characteristics since 2020 and proposes differentiated emission reduction strategies accordingly. The results of the research show that Chinese cities can be divided into four categories, and they can strive to achieve their carbon peak targets by adopting differentiated emission reduction strategies. In the baseline scenario, Chinese cities will not be able to meet the peak carbon target by 2030. In the differentiated scenario, eco-agricultural cities, industry-led cities, and high-resource-availability cities will be able to achieve peak carbon by 2030. Unfortunately, resource-poor cities will not reach their peak. However, the extent to which their total carbon emissions contribute to the achievement of national goals is low, and their carbon emissions can be traded off for economic development by appropriately relaxing the constraints on carbon emissions. Therefore, in order to achieve China's peak carbon goal, this study proposes emission reduction recommendations that should be adopted by different types of cities to form differentiated emission reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing congestion and the push for (i) a greener modal shift, (ii) more reliability and visibility of goods, and (iii) more sustainable activities in and related to the port are turning policymakers to the concept of the smart port. Such emerging concept describes a future state of the port that is adapted to these challenges. A smart port is a port that optimizes in-, intra- and outbound flow of goods and information, leads sustainable development and guarantees safe, resilient and secure activities through the capabilities of its (extended) port community and enabling technologies. However, turning a traditional port into a smart port is a strategic challenge for the port community at large. To contribute to this practically relevant and academic challenge, the present paper applies a literature review and the novel maturity model development methodology to develop a strategic tool. This newly-developed strategic tool (i) enhances the common understanding of the current and aspired maturity state, (ii) support decision-making of port policy and management actors and (iii) represent a maturation path for improvement for port communities. The case study results demonstrate the benefits and relevance of the tool. Finally, recommendations are made to apply this policy tool for digitalization strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries worldwide resort to quotas in order to favour the employment of disabled people. Yet, the quota as a policy tool has an ambivalent meaning: while it has been conceived as an advanced form of antidiscrimination policy tool in domains such as gender and racial inequalities, in the sector of disability, it has tended to be theorized as an outdated measure, belonging to a social welfare perspective opposed to the more recent equalitarian policy frame. This article revisits this theoretical debate on the disability employment quota by shifting the focus from a normative discussion to an empirical investigation of the meanings policymakers have endowed it with. I draw on the case of France, where the quota scheme is a cornerstone of disability employment policy: post–World War I provisions were at the origin of a series of reforms extending and reinforcing the quota, in 1957, 1987 and 2005 – leading to the current 6% disabled worker quota imposed to private and public organizations of 20 employees or more. Tracing the historical trajectory of this policy tool and its uses by means of parliamentary debates and secondary sources, I show how quotas in France have had more complex meanings than what the social welfare versus antidiscrimination dichotomy suggests. Before the rise of antidiscrimination policy, they were thought of as a progressive form of social policy, as opposed to more segregative interventions such as pensions or sheltered employment. The adoption of antidiscrimination provisions in 2005 then led to a hybridization between quotas and antidiscrimination policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green building (GB) policies are continuously being launched and adjusted in China to pursue resource conservation and emission reduction. Though reviewing the policy evolution could reveal the industry's historical experience and strategic development concept and contribute to assessing and enhancing the policy system's effectiveness, a comprehensive review of the whole GB policy system is still lacking in China. Consequently, this study examined the evolution of 1083 GB policies in China over the past two decades from the perspectives of policy objectives, policy content, and policy tools through text mining and content analysis, filling the research gap. Results show that GB policy objectives were gradually being quantified and formulated in greater detail, with the foci changed from innovation award and assessment to energy-saving retrofit and prefabrication. Supervision policies were primarily used among seven policy tool categories in recent years. The policy enhancement recommendations were proposed accordingly, supporting policymakers to improve the policy settings, providing real-time orientations for industrial sustainability development, and enlightening other countries to promote GBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, various general policies, laws, and regulations have been approved by relevant authorities to support the field of science and technology. Over time, due to the non-implementation of these policies' goals and the necessity to follow them, policymakers have proposed new laws with the same policy themes and have tried to take a step toward implementing these policies. For example, several laws and top-level documents have been drafted to support elites, technology commercialization, and using capable domestic companies. However, the level of success in implementation has always been a challenge for activists in this field. In this article, based on the author's experience in responsibilities related to the development of innovation policies in the last six years, which has been done using the action research method, a model is presented for the effective implementation of these policies. In this regard, three important policies in which the researcher has been directly involved have been selected for the study. Based on the researcher's findings, the inflation of macro policies and laws in the country and the repetition of the goals of each in the form of new labels will not lead to the implementation of the policy. Instead, this study proposes that the conversion of policy goals into operational and objective goals happens through three major dimensions: proper regulation, the establishment of semi-independent agencies and the implementation of policies by them, facilitates the fulfillment of macro policies and laws of the country for the development of science, technology, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing Medical University: Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Nanjing Medicial University (NMU) Medical Publications Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the process of promoting the development of a low-carbon economy, green services lag behind the green manufacturing industry. This paper applies the textual analysis method and systematically analyses the evolutionary trends and structural characteristics of green service policies to further optimise the service policy system and strengthen the quality of the green service supply. This paper identifies 859 policies introduced since 1986 and uses the content analysis method to analyse changes in the number of policies, the relationships between policy subjects, the formal types of texts and the composition of policy instruments. The results show that (1) the number and overall effectiveness of green service industry policies promulgated by the central government are increasing, such that the formulation of green service industry policies has passed the exploratory phase and has entered the stage of high-quality development; (2) there is a wide range of obvious interministerial cooperative phenomena, the modes of cooperation are relatively fixed, and the overall intersuperior cooperation has been strengthened but is characterised by phased development; (3) the distribution of policy forms is uneven, with many documents characterised by low effectiveness and a lack of high-efficiency documents; (4) the policy object structure is relatively complete, but the industrial distribution is unbalanced; (5) there is an imbalance among the three policy tools of supply, environment and demand. Those tools that are embodied in the environment are deemed more important than those of supply and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing Medical University: Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Nanjing Medicial University (NMU) Medical Publications Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The low-carbon city pilot (LCCP) policy is an important initiative for China to fulfill its international commitment to carbon emission reduction and achieve low-carbon transformation. In this context, this study investigated whether the LCCP policy of China has achieved carbon emission reduction from the production and consumption perspectives and how its underlying mechanism and spatial spillover effect. Using the panel dataset of 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2019, this study applied the staggered DID model to examine the effects and its underlying mechanism of the LCCP policy on carbon intensity (CI) and carbon emission per capita (CP). We also conducted heterogeneity and spatial spillover effect analyses using the textual quantification method and spatial DID. Our results show that the LCCP policy effectively reduced CI and CP, but these effects did not appear until the third year of implementation. The above conclusions passed a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. Reducing industrial emissions, improving technological innovation, and optimizing the efficiency of energy usage were three important mechanisms to reduce CI and CP, validating the effectiveness of the LCCP policy. Command-mandatory and voluntary LCCP policy tools achieved better results, and the LCCP policy exerted a significant emission reduction effect on second-tier pilot cities as compared to others. The carbon emission abatement of the LCCP policy has also demonstrated a spatial spillover impact on neighboring cities. This study focused on analyzing the mechanism paths and spatial spillover effects of the LCCP policy impact and provided an important decision-making reference in promoting the LCCP policy for not only China but also other developing countries. Specifically, low-carbon pilot experiences and typical cases should be refined, ways for accelerating the greening and cleaning of energy usage must be explored, and regional joint control and collaborative governance should be established to achieve China's low-carbon transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing Medical University: Social Sciences is the property of Journal of Nanjing Medicial University (NMU) Medical Publications Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teacher Development Research is the property of Teacher Development Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The environmental certification acts as a sustainable practice for firms to improve their competitive advantage and its motivation has been widely discussed. However, existing researches ignore the important market driving force of green public procurement (GPP) as a policy tool. To fill this gap, this study, focusing on manufacturing firms in China and three typical environmental certifications, explores the relationship between GPP market pressure and firm's environmental certification practice based on institutional theory. Additionally, from a strategic perspective of green human resource management, this study unveils the influence mechanism of top management support in this relationship by using upper echelons theory. According to the empirical results, we find that GPP market pressure is positively associated with environmental certification practice, and top management support partially mediates this relationship. This study provides new insights into the explanation of firm's environmental certification practice, and provides practical implications for firm managers and government administrator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of species reliant on consistent human intervention is rising. These species are labeled conservation‐reliant, which affords them unique resources to propagate them. A conservation reliance designation has important implications for recovery of large carnivores, particularly where private lands encompass historical ranges. As a policy tool, a conservation reliance designation may be used in conjunction with other popular instruments such as financial incentives or co‐governance to promote coexistence between carnivores and key cohorts such as landowners and hunters, who are often vocal dissidents of carnivore recovery, especially wolf recovery projects. Yet, the nascent literature on conservation reliance has yet to address the influence of conservation reliance on landowner or hunter support for carnivore conservation. This paper fills this gap with an analysis of responses from 639 landowners to explore the influence of a conservation reliance designation on intention to coexist with wild red wolves (Canis rufus) in northeast North Carolina. Findings suggest that respondents living in the red wolf recovery zone generally oppose a conservation reliance designation, a critical means to red wolf recovery. Hence, a conservation reliance designation may actually erode the value of some species they intend to preserve. Disapproval of conservation reliance poses new confronts to restoration politics and its diversity of strands, which must be woven into new ways of thinking about the ethical and political aspects of carnivore policy and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optimally designed tax amnesty scheme can serve as a strategic component in a larger tax reform process. Such a reform can particularly assist in the tax collection efforts of developing economies like Pakistan. Pakistan's tax amnesty schemes in 2018 and 2019 helped grow the tax base substantially. India's and Indonesia's schemes in 2016 also showed promise. My study compares the recent tax amnesties adopted by these three countries (Pakistan, India and Indonesia). Based on these experiences, I propose improvements in the composition of Pakistan's tax amnesty design. An optimal tax policy cannot rely only on wide-spread enforcement, particularly in countries with large underground economies--like Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Instead, it should focus more on the optimal amnesty design alongside targeted enforcement efforts, aimed especially at documenting and taxing large underground economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RAP: Revista Brasileira de Administração Pública is the property of RAP: Revista Brasileira de Administracao Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Colorado oil and gas (O&G) boom often sparks conflict as it encroaches on suburbs. These conflicts lead many communities to use a memorandum of understanding (MOU) as a policy tool to assert local control over development. Although an MOU had already been enacted, conflict arose in Adams County after a large-scale facility was proposed in the Wadley Farms neighbourhood. This study evaluates Adam County's revisions of the MOU process. Our findings indicate that dissimilarities between the dynamic nature of O&G and the static nature of MOUs pose challenges and limit the effectiveness of these agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the development and validation of the Universal Transformational Management Framework (UTMF), an entrepreneurial tool that guides the development of inclusion-driven strategic management, planning and practice in sport organizations. Design/methodology/approach: A range of qualitative data collection techniques was undertaken in this action research: seven cross-sectoral semi-structured interviews; one focus group with sports professionals; a qualitative survey and research group consultations. A matrix analysis, a thematic analysis and secondary research were undertaken to analyze data. Findings: The UTMF is a staged framework that embeds principles of behavioral, organizational and transformative change theory, guiding strategic development toward inclusion from a contemplation phase toward an action and maintenance stage. The UTMF is composed of 14 fundamental components identified as key areas that sport entrepreneurs should recognize and address for planning and delivering sport services that leave no one behind. Practical implications: Policy makers, management and sport professionals have at their disposal an inclusion-driven framework that challenges their systems and establish mechanisms to leave no one behind. Social implications: Organizational transformation can ultimately produce a contagion effect advancing equality and inclusion in society. The UTMF offers a structure for sport entrepreneurs aiming to facilitate and activate social transformation in and through sport. Originality/value: The UTMF is a wide-ranging framework to facilitate an orchestrated transformation of sport organizations in order to provide universal services that include marginalized groups and address global challenges identified in intersectional agendas like the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Politics and educational policy have been increasingly projectified, and projects as an organisational form have become a symbol for solving complex educational problems and interventions. The present article is a policy ethnographic case study in the field of education in Sweden, concerning the use of projects as a policy tool in the Mountain School. The analytical focus is on using projects as a policy tool within a multi-project organisation, where the projects are aimed at promoting integration of pupils with immigrant backgrounds and improving their school achievements. Through the analysis I identified four distinct themes: Outward leadership and teacher teams, The projects have never belonged to the teachers, The lack of a common educational policy and Project as vision and reality. These four themes demonstrate the complexities and difficulties in relation to organisation, management, definition and implementation. These complexities and difficulties in the policy process are not unique to either regular or temporary organisations. However, what becomes apparent in the case of the Mountain School is that the number of projects was very high, which puts considerable pressure on the headmasters and the teachers in their decoding, interpreting, negotiating and enactment of project as a policy tool. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Crowdsourcing is rapidly evolving and applied in situations where ideas, labour, opinion or expertise of large groups of people is used. Crowdsourcing is now used in various policy-making initiatives; however, this use has usually focused on open collaboration platforms and specific stages of the policy process, such as agenda-setting and policy evaluations. Other forms of crowdsourcing have been neglected in policy-making, with a few exceptions. This article examines crowdsourcing as a tool for policy-making and explores the nuances of the technology and its use and implications for different stages of the policy process. The article addresses questions surrounding the role of crowdsourcing and whether it can be considered as a policy tool or as a technological enabler and investigates the current trends and future directions of crowdsourcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile ad hoc networks face many challenges when they are deployed, particularly problems associated with security and network failures arising from the dynamics of their network topologies. To address these issues, there have been many efforts to introduce security into the actual network protocols, most of which unfortunately struggle with the trade-off between security and network overhead. Consequently, it is often desirable to have a lightweight approach to introduce security and robustness, where one employs conventional and well-understood network protocols, and attempts to achieve the assurability of the network through higher-layer, overlay mechanisms. This paper explores a lightweight overlay tunneling scheme operating at the Internet protocol layer as a policy tool that can mitigate network failures and attacks directed at the network without involving the redesign of the underlying routing protocols. Moreover, two optimizations are proposed that lead to improved performance when additional information is available. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development'sProgram for International Student Assessment(PISA) as a public policy instrument, whose worldwide circulation is mediated by processes of reinterpretation, negotiation, and re-contextualization, where national, local, and international agencies intertwine. It is focused on the active reception of PISA in six European spaces (Francophone Belgium, France, Hungary, Portugal, Romania, and Scotland) along its first three cycles. The paper identifies two contrasting developments: the Program's divergent uses and its attractiveness in different social worlds. The paper gives particular attention to what is called the ‘update of reference societies’ in the context of national receptions of PISA. These ‘updates’ are analyzed as part of a composite process that involves domestic reasons, either related to current agendas for education or to deep historical factors, and injunctions related to PISA's rationale and PISA objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, state governments in the United States have diversified policy instruments to encourage the electric power industry to deploy renewable sources for electricity generation. This study identifies the trends and variations in renewable energy (RE) policy governance among states and examines the effectiveness of policy instruments in the deployment of RE sources for electricity production. This study explores 18 state legislative, RE-related regulations, programs, or financial incentives existing between 2001 and 2010 in 48 states in the United States. Renewable energy policies were classified into three types of policy approaches: command-and-control, market-based, and information instruments. Results suggest that authoritative approaches are more likely to be effective in the governmental intervention toward a pre-existing market, and information instruments and citizen participation became important in the power industry in the 2000s. In addition, it gives us some evidence that federal assistance under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 influenced the overall growth of the renewable electricity industry, in addition to state government-led policy designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a decision support tool to assess the potential benefits and costs of new healthcare interventions.Methods: The Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC) commissioned the development of a Cancer Risk Management Model (CRMM)—a computer microsimulation model that simulates individual lives one at a time, from birth to death, taking account of Canadian demographic and labor force characteristics, risk factor exposures, and health histories. Information from all the simulated lives is combined to produce aggregate measures of health outcomes for the population or for particular subpopulations.Results: The CRMM can project the population health and economic impacts of cancer control programs in Canada and the impacts of major risk factors, cancer prevention, and screening programs and new cancer treatments on population health and costs to the healthcare system. It estimates both the direct costs of medical care, as well as lost earnings and impacts on tax revenues. The lung and colorectal modules are available through the CPAC Web site (www.cancerview.ca/cancerrriskmanagement) to registered users where structured scenarios can be explored for their projected impacts. Advanced users will be able to specify new scenarios or change existing modules by varying input parameters or by accessing open source code. Model development is now being extended to cervical and breast cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attempts of developing Health Accounts are on the learning curve in most of the developing countries. Contrary to this most of the European countries and few countries in the American continent have produced health accounts. Though India did produce its Health Accounts very recently, more distance needs to be covered at the state level. Health Accounts are considered to be more useful as a policy tool for bringing in corrective measures as regards the financing of disease specific interventions. The conceptual clarity of developing such accounts are also in infancy in most of the developing countries due to the fact that the OECD model of System of Health Accounts (SHA) as well as the Producers’ Manual of Health Accounts (WHO, USAID & WORLD BANK) cannot be easily adopted and adapted in the context of developing economies. In this background the study assumes significance due to the fact that it would be an in-house and pioneering exercise to develop and understand the conceptual as well empirical issues in developing health accounts. The study would be useful for the academicians and the managers of health sector in the years to come. The lessons learnt would be useful in scaling up such experiments both at the state and national level. Health Accounts would provide broad indicators for policy makers just like the information that emanates from the National Income Accounts. Tracking down of Actors, Activities and Transactions in the health sector would help us to use the scarce resources for better governance of the health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution damages public health and affects economic development. Environmental regulation is the main way for the government to solve environmental pollution. So what type of environmental regulation works better for public health and economic development? Can environmental regulation have an influence on economic development through public health? To solve these problems, this research uses China's provincial panel data from 2013 to 2017 to divide environmental regulation into command-control policy tools and economic incentive policy tools and uses the mediating effect model to examine the relationship among environmental regulation, public health and economic development. The results show that: (1) There is a positive correlation between economic incentive policy tools and economic development; while no significant relationship between command-control policy tools and economic development is founded; (2) The relationship between command-control policy tools and public health is not significant, while the relationship between economic incentive policy tools and public health is positive; (3) Public health does not play a mediating role between command-control policy tools and economic development but plays a partial mediating role between economic incentive policy tools and economic development. Therefore, the government should strengthen the use of economic incentive policy tools to promote public health and sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable indicators have become popular tools by which policymakers can assess progress towards a more sustainable agriculture. Varying approaches to defining sustainability lead to disagreement about the value of indicators and yet some form of measurement is required sothat society can judge the effects of policy. Environmental and social problems and their causes span national boundaries. An international framework for assessing agricultural activities, their effects andthe pressures that drive those activities is therefore required. However, a guiding principle of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development is that global problems require local action. Thus, indicators mustprovide information for policymakers as well as guidance for farmersand other practitioners. Many indicator programs currently proposed do not provide this level of guidance as no evaluation as to what level of activity is sustainable has been agreed. A model is presented, to show how scientific and political or participatory approaches may be combined to meet the multiple objectives of involving people, maintaining scientific integrity and providing guidance for policymakers and practitioners alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]