In the scope of four main parts, the article attempts to capture the relationship between the Czech hunting legislation and nature conservation. The question is whether we can consider the current concept of the Hunting Act (449/2001 Sb.) as one of the tools of environmental protection or what should be changed to become such an instrument. For the elaboration the research was based, among other things, mainly on historical and linguistic legal method of research in the part devoted to the term. Text also deals with critical description, classification, analysis and explanation in the part devoted to the core of the issue and the demonstrative comparison and prediction pro futuro at the final part. Furthermore, the text elaborates interesting cases of judicial and administrative practice and, last but not least, it takes into account the relevant legal norms and appropriate literature or professional texts. In the scope of four main parts, the article attempts to capture the relationship between the Czech hunting legislation and nature conservation. The question is whether we can consider the current concept of the Hunting Act No. 449/2001 Sb. (and other related and subsequent legal norms, including current amendments) as one of the tools of environmental protection and if not, what should be changed to become such an effectively protective instrument. The first part of the paper deals in more detail with the very concept of hunting and hunting management, including various interpretations, and therefore also meanings. In this context, greater emphasis is placed primarily on the first signs of nature protection during the history. For the elaboration the research was based, among other things, mainly on historical and linguistic legal method of research in the part devoted to the term. Next part of the article follows the very essence of the headline, namely the role of hunting in environmental protection. Author pays special attention to the hunting ground and game in this regard. One of the separate subchapters then deals with the state administration of hunting and its main issues in everyday practice. Here, the issue of the officers detached from reality is primarily pointed out as well as undersized offices in combination with actually quite impuissant roles of special hunting managers and guards. Then, some fundamental problems of current legislation and hunting practice are highlighted, especially in relation to other human (mostly free time) activities in nature. It is mentioned, for example, the ever-increasing tourist pressure on the landscape, the rather negative perception of Czech hunters by the general public, generally unsatisfactory forestry and intensive agriculture management, high numbers of some species of ungulates in contrast to the alarming decline of small game, and others. The author looks at the possible future development of hunting legislation, especially in the light of two amendments – the first already valid, but probably never effective, and the second so far only in the form of the parliamentary press. Most of the main changes is critically reviewed, outlining the advantages as same as disadvantages that the changes potentially bring. In the last part of the whole text, the readers’ attention is drawn to author´s own proposal for a new concept of hunting legislation and practice in the Czech Republic, for which a great inspiration was found in the functioning of hunting and the overall management of wildlife in the US state of Florida. Brief conclusion is given by summarizing the essentials, while including a consideration of the possibilities of the direction of Czech hunting in the future. Further critical description, classification, analysis and explanation in the part devoted to the core of the issue and the demonstrative comparison and prediction pro futuro at the final part. Furthermore, the text elaborates interesting cases of judicial and administrative practice and, last but not least, it takes into account the relevant legal norms and appropriate literature or professional texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]