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Background: Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) serves as a valuable pedagogical approach in nursing education, encompassing varying levels of fidelity. While previous reviews have highlighted the potential effectiveness of SBL in enhancing nursing students' competencies, a gap persists in the evidence-base addressing the long-term retention of these competencies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of SBL on nursing students' knowledge and skill acquisition and retention. Method: A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Eric, was conducted from 2017 to 2023 to identify relevant studies. The Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tools were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A total of 33 studies (15 RCTs and 18 quasi-experimental) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A descriptive narrative synthesis method was used to extract relevant data. Results: The cumulative sample size of participants across the included studies was 3,670. Most of the studies focused on the impact of SBL on life-saving skills like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or other life-support skills. The remaining studies examined the impact of SBL on critical care skills or clinical decision-making skills. The analysis highlighted consistent and significant improvements in knowledge and skills. However, the evidence base had several limitations, including the heterogeneity of study designs, risk of bias, and lack of long-term follow-up. Conclusion: This systematic review supports the use of SBL as a potent teaching strategy within nursing education and highlights the importance of the ongoing evaluation and refinement of this approach. While current evidence indicates enhancing knowledge and skill acquisition, limited studies evaluated the retention beyond five months, constraining generalisable claims regarding durability. Further research is essential to build on the current evidence and address gaps in knowledge related to the retention, optimal design, implementation, and evaluation of SBL interventions in nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Traditional apprenticeship‐based surgical training presents with challenges, especially in acute scenarios. Simulation provides the current standard of facilitating surgical training in a low‐risk environment but is restricted by limited accessibility and high costs. Virtual reality (VR) offers immersive three‐dimensional computer‐generated training scenarios and can connect users from various locations. We aimed to compare the performance of junior doctors to manage an acute surgical scenario using VR and mannequin‐based simulation. We hypothesised that VR would be as effective as mannequin‐based simulation in performance outcomes. Methods: This multicentre, randomised controlled pilot study was conducted with eighteen junior doctor volunteers (Foundation and Core Trainee Year 1). Ten were randomly allocated to VR and eight to mannequin‐based simulation. Participants completed questionnaires and a 15‐min pneumothorax scenario. Quantitative metrics included overall score, time‐to‐critical decisions, and academic buoyancy scores (ABS). Qualitative metrics included participants' likes and dislikes of their allocated simulation modality. Results: VR participants scored significantly higher than mannequin‐based simulation participants in overall scores (74.30% (SD ± 5.08%) vs. 59.75% (SD ± 10.14) (p = 0.04)), and technical skills aspects (77.20% (SD ± 8.01%) vs. 65.00% (SD ± 8.21%) (p = 0.01)). Mannequin‐based simulation participants initiated critical decisions faster and demonstrated a trend towards a faster mean time‐to‐completion (p = 0.06). ABS scores increased for both study groups, though was only significant for VR participants (p ≤ 0.01). VR participants liked how VR fostered independent learning but disliked the formulaic content and impaired communication‐learning compared to mannequin‐based simulation. Conclusion: Both VR and mannequin‐based simulation training are effective in training junior doctors in acute surgical scenarios but present different educational benefits. Future research should recruit a larger sample size for a full comparative randomised controlled trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of simulation is extremely useful in pregraduate students. However, there is a very small number of simulators adapted to paediatric dentistry. A paediatric simulator was created to use in simulated scenarios for paediatric dentistry using an actress in the role of mother. The objectives of the present study were three. First, to analyse the perception of clinical competencies acquired by the students. Second, to examine the realism perceived by the students. Finally, to analyse the influence on the perception of clinical competencies after the integration of a handmade simulator in the Paediatric Dentistry III course. Materials and Methods: Eight clinical scenarios were carried out with a modified Erler Zimmer simulator for children, a professional actress in the role of the mother and two students (in the roles of dentist and assistant) on a paediatric dentistry case of pulpal pathology. The educational intervention was evaluated on 114 students by means of questionnaires with Likert‐type answers applied pre‐ and post‐simulation. Results: The perception of clinical competence in the students increased an average of 0.956 points in relation with the initial clinical evaluation, finding a strong correlation between the perception of subsequent competence and all the perceived realism, with significant statistical differences in all cases. The realism of the simulated participant (professional actress) was the best rated by the students, although not significantly. The realism of the mannequin was positively and strongly correlated with the perceived realism of the cabinet. Conclusion: Simulation using a handmade mannequin with a professional actress in a simulated dental office increased the perception of clinical competence in 4th year dental students and raised the level of overall realism perceived by the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This document summarizes a comparative study that examined the effectiveness of video-based teaching versus mannequin-based teaching for teaching parenteral drug administration to medical undergraduates. The study found that both methods improved students' knowledge, but mannequin-based teaching was more effective in improving students' perception and skill. However, the study also acknowledged the limitations of simulation-based education and suggested using a combination of teaching methods for effective clinical skills training. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The traditional teaching methods of dental education are gradually being replaced with futuristic education methods based on the usage of educational tools such as mannequin-based simulation models and virtual reality. However, the effectiveness of mannequin-based simulation models as a learning method in the field of oral surgery remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of training on a tooth extraction model (TEM) in view of undergraduate dental students' experience and perception of their education. Methods: A quasi-experimental trial was implemented with two consecutive year classes, totaling 136 students at the Dentistry Faculty of Altinbas University, Turkiye. Two cohorts were created from dental students in the classes of 2023 and 2022 graduates. Cohort 1 (n = 71) received 14 h of theoretical education followed by 10 h of preclinical education on TEM. Cohort 2 (n = 65) received only 14 h of theoretical education. An anonymous questionnaire was prepared with four main sections including the preferences of learning style, participants' perceptions of the preclinical training methods, the students' competency and free text comments. Students' opinions were quantified with both 7-point Likert scales and thematic analysis. Anxiety levels were measured with the interval scale of anxiety response (ISAR). Descriptive statistics, inferential statistical and thematic analyses were conducted according to survey responses. Student characteristics were summarized and compared for two cohorts using a t-test. For all statistical analyses, the significance level was set atP ≤ 0.05. Result: Cohort 1 was more comfortable with sequential motions performed with the forceps (P = 0.033) and felt more ready for their first clinical tooth extraction experience (P = 0.028). Cohort 2 showed a significantly higher preference for textbooks among supplementary materials (P = 0.04); however, they tended to exhibit lower self-confidence and higher anxiety levels, though without any statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion: It is clear that the students who have yet to start seeing patients benefit from increased practice with training models, which adequately reflect and represent real-life situations encountered in everyday practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Training is required to achieve proficiency in airway management. Simulators are of utmost importance not only for the purpose of training novices, but also for evaluating newer airway devices and techniques. Growing evidence supports inadequate anatomic airway reproduction in adult and pediatric manikins. Methods: We conducted an observational study comparing 17 radiological anatomic airway measurements obtained via the computed tomography of three commercially available manikins with the same measurements obtained from a population of newborns/infant (range: 0–3 months) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging for diagnostic purposes. According to the reference (mean and standard deviation (SD) of the pediatric population), each manikin measurement was defined as adequate, partially adequate or inadequate (difference between means: ≤±1, 1.0–1.96 or >1.96 SD, respectively). The primary outcome was the number of measurements with an adequate reproduction of airways. Results: We included 27 pediatric patients (21 ± 19 days, 48% males, 46.6 ± 3.5 cm, 2.7 ± 0.5 Kg and 12.6 ± 2.9 kg/m2). All manikins had n = 11/17 measurements with inadequate airway anatomic reproduction. The three measurements with more adequate reproduction were the height of the soft palate, retropalatal airspace volume and tongue volume (adequate in two manikins, and partially adequate in the remaining one). Conclusions: In three manikins commonly used for training in pediatric airways, static dimensions do not seem anatomically correct in relation to those of pediatric patients. Such inaccuracies may introduce biases in airway device development as well as in training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing in the comprehensive PICASSO/CHANEL exhibition catalogue, Juan Gutiérrez credits Chanel's work as a "constant reappropriation of types and forms that fell outside the boundaries of elegance" (Gutiérrez [1], 48). Ballet, cubism, mannequin, sportswear, theater Keywords: ballet; cubism; mannequin; sportswear; theater EN ballet cubism mannequin sportswear theater 603 611 9 09/11/23 20230501 NES 230501 PICASSO/CHANEL focuses on work both produced from 1910 to 1930. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Featured Application: diagnosis of hypothermia, assistance with care for low-birth-weight neonates. The effectiveness of skin-to-skin care (SSC) notably depends on the delivery room air temperature (Ta), the thermal insulation provided by the fabrics or clothes covering the mother and the neonate (Icl), and the neonate's metabolism (M). The objective of the present study was to model the influence of these variables on the effectiveness of SSC for premature newborns. To this end, we used an appropriate thermal mannequin and applied a mathematical model of body heat exchanges. We performed experiments at Ta values (20.9 °C and 25.9 °C) and two Icl values (sheet only and sheet + blanket). At a Ta of 25.9 °C, normothermia was estimated after one hour of SSC with the sheet (Icl = 0.15 m2 °C/W; 36.52 °C) and the sheet + blanket (Icl = 0.21 m2 °C/W; 37.09 °C) but only with the highest value of M (2.70 W/kg). With a Ta of 20.9 °C, moderate hypothermia (requiring monitoring of the neonate's thermal status) was estimated—except for M = 2.70 W/kg and Icl = 0.21 m2 °C/W. During early SSC, homeothermy can be maintained when Ta is 25 °C (the temperature recommended by the World Health Organization) but only when the neonate's tissue insulation is high (Icl ≥ 0.15 m2 °C/W) and when the level of metabolic heat production is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of Machine Learning (ML) to improve product and production development processes poses a significant opportunity for manufacturing industries. ML has the capability to calibrate models with considerable adaptability and high accuracy. This capability is specifically promising for applications where classical production automation is too expensive, e.g., for mass customization cases where the production environment is uncertain and unstructured. To cope with the diversity in production systems and working environments, Reinforcement Learning (RL) in combination with lightweight game engines can be used from initial stages of a product and production development process. However, there are multiple challenges such as collecting observations in a virtual environment which can interact similar to a physical environment. This project focuses on setting up RL methodologies to perform path-finding and collision detection in varying environments. One case study is human assembly evaluation method in the automobile industry which is currently manual intensive to investigate digitally. For this case, a mannequin is trained to perform pick and place operations in varying environments and thus automating assembly validation process in early design phases. The next application is path-finding of mobile robots including an articulated arm to perform pick and place operations. This application is expensive to setup with classical methods and thus RL enables an automated approach for this task as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper distinguishes the design and analysis of 3 × 2 circular microstrip patch probe array for specific absorption rate (SAR) measurement at quad-band. This novel approach consists of FR4 substrate radial dimension of 88 mm and it has six circular array elements with a radius of 17 mm; out of these six elements, three array elements are having rectangular slots with dimensions of 1.8 × 1.5 × 1.5 mm3. The array elements are coupled with six probes which have a dimension of 100 mm with a 2.5 mm tip radius; these six probes are embedded into a tissue-equivalent liquid-filled human head mannequin. In this mannequin, instantaneous SAR at any six positions has been investigated. The proposed design resonates at 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, and 2.5 GHz with a return loss of −11.53, −15.90, −15.73, and −25.49 dB. The circular microstrip probe array is fed by a 50 Ohm coaxial feed. In addition, the 3D human head model analysis is also presented. The precisely estimated SAR values are 0.135, 0.108, 0.167, and 0.244 W/kg at 1 g of tissue. For the traceable measurements, each source of uncertainty budget has been estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concerns the graduation puppet performance Wrocław: Escape Room, directed by Arkadiusz Buszko from the National Academy of Theatre Arts in Kraków at the Puppetry Department in Wrocław. The narrative of the performance is set in post-apocalyptic Wrocław, and the heroes are historic figures connected with this city at various stages of their lives. An analysis of the performance, with particular emphasis on the role and form of puppets, animated objects and costumes, made it possible to assess how the staging concepts of the creators contributed to the horror effect and how they influenced the presentation of the characters. The authors of the Wrocław diploma piece utilized the puppets’ potential for formal transformations in creating characteristic, fascinating, but also quite frightening puppets and costumes made of fragments of mannequins. Therefore, the analysis of the elements of the performance was supplemented with considerations on the mannequins and their role in the theatre. The second category that is significant for the interpretation of the performance is the notion of a monster. Research on the perception of monsters in culture proved to be helpful, as it allowed for reading the characters of the performance through the lens of monstrosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This randomised crossover mannequin study aimed to compare the insertion time for the newly developed SingularityTM Air and the Ambu® AuraGainTM. The SingularityTM Air includes a bendable tube in order to allow optimal passform. Methods: Fifty anaesthetists with a minimum of 100 supraglottic airway device insertions were recruited and randomly assigned to start either with the SingularityTM Air or with the Ambu® AuraGainTM. Participants watched a tutorial video the day before the assessment and received a standardized introduction immediately before the assessment. The primary outcome was the time for successful insertion. Secondary parameters were the overall insertion success rate, the numbers of insertion attempts (maximum three), the glottic view through a flexible bronchoscope, and the success rate for gastric tube insertion. Results: Fifty participants were eventually recruited and randomly assigned to insert both devices according to the randomization. The insertion time was 24 s for SingularityTM Air as compared to 20 s for Ambu® AuraGainTM (p < 0.001). Overall insertion rate was 92% for the SingularityTM Air as compared to 100% for the Ambu® AuraGainTM (p could not be derived as one variable is a constant). The primary insertion success rate was better for the Ambu® AuraGainTM than for the SingularityTM Air (94% versus 68%; p: 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The time for successful insertion and the insertion success rate for the newly developed SingularityTM Air is inferior to that for the Ambu® AuraGainTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (iCPR) is often poorly performed, predominantly because of ineffective learning, poor retention and decay of skills over time. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an individualized, competence-based approach to simulated iCPR retraining could result in high skill retention of infant chest compressions (iCC) at follow-up. An observational study with 118 healthcare students was conducted over 12 months from November 2019. Participants completed pediatric resuscitation training and a 2-min assessment on an infant mannequin. Participants returned for monthly assessment until iCC competence was achieved. Competence was determined by passing assessments in two consecutive months. After achieving competence, participants returned just at follow-up. For each 'FAIL' during assessment, up to six minutes of practice using real-time feedback was completed and the participant returned the following month. This continued until two consecutive monthly 'PASSES' were achieved, following which, the participant was deemed competent and returned just at follow-up. Primary outcome was retention of competence at follow-up. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic data. Independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze the baseline characteristics of those who dropped out compared to those remaining in the study. Differences between groups retaining competence at follow-up were determined using the Fisher exact test. On completion of training, 32 of 118 participants passed the assessment. Of those achieving iCC competence at month 1, 96% retained competence at 9–10 months; of those achieving competence at month 2, 86% demonstrated competence at 8–9 months; of those participants achieving competence at month 3, 67% retained competence at 7–8 months; for those achieving competence at month 4, 80% demonstrated retention at 6–7 months. Conclusion: Becoming iCC competent after initial training results in high levels of skill retention at follow-up, regardless of how long it takes to achieve competence. What is Known: • Infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (iCPR) is often poorly performed and skills decay within months after training. • Regular iCPR skills updates are important, but the optimal retraining interval considering individual training needs has yet to be established. What is New: • Infant chest compression (iCC) competence can be achieved within one to four months after training and once achieved, it can be retained for many months. • With skill reinforcement of up to 28 minutes after initial training, 90% of individuals were able to achieve competence in iCC and 86% retained this competence at follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The department store mannequin is often read as representative of commodity or sexual fetishism and, consequently, of woman objectified. This article posits that in Émile Zola's Au Bonheur des Dames (1883), the mannequin can highlight such objectification to the woman in the text. Through close readings of the text's mannequins this article seeks to analyse the combination of estrangement and excitement which characterizes the experience of living under modernity. It asks whether the headless Zolian mannequin empowers the shopper to recognize and thus reject objectification of the self, or if it is simply a disquieting reminder of one's own powerlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irena Kossowska's "A Quest for a 'New Man': Bruno Schulz and Giorgio de Chirico" published in Realisms of the Avant-Garde (2020) analyses the work of the Polish Jewish writer Bruno Schulz (1892 -- 1942) from the perspective of the category of the "new man". In his writing, Schulz employed cultural syncretism and eclecticism that aimed at innovation. He paraphrased and intertwined chosen models and formed new semantic entities and combinations. Trying to trace the original myth diluted in various layers of culture, he combined heterogeneous elements derived from mutually antagonistic sources into a homogenous vision. In the construction of his own private mythology from fragments and "shreds of sculptures and statues of gods", Schulz used various elements of the cultural heritage. This contribution situates Kossowska's chapter into the context of Schulz's understanding of his own work as mythologizing the reality and creating private mythology from developing key images of the unconscious originating in childhood. Metamorphoses of entities in Schulz's literary universe spring from the fermentation of the matter. With regards to the motif of mannequins and the Demiurge, the contribution provides a supplementary context that is relevant for the matter under discussion -- Judaism and the creation of golems (R. Lachmann, V. Nelson, M. Benešová) and parodies of Gnosticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of human body heat dissipation on the containment of a fume hood was conducted via experiments and numerical model. The experiments evaluated hood face velocity and the temperature around the mannequin; the results validated the simulation. The numerical model was based on the governing equations of fluid flow via the finite volume method. The face velocities (0.3–0.9 m·s− 1) and temperature differences (11°C, 8°C and 5°C) between the surface of the mannequin and its surroundings were used as variables. The numerical results show that in addition to the blockage effect of the worker standing in front of the fume hood, there is a more important thermal effect on the containment of fume hood. The thermal plume carries pollutants leaking out of the hood face to the breathing zone. The face velocity and dimensionless value (Gr/Re 2) are recommended to be 0.4–0.6 m·s− 1 and 20–35 respectively, to reduce the influence of human thermal plume on the containment of fume hood and energy waste. The formula related to the rising distance of thermal plume, Grashof and Reynolds numbers (Gr/Re 2) was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interviewed in 2004, designer duo Viktor and Rolf outlined their ambivalence towards fashion exhibitions suggesting that 'somehow life is taken out of the subject' (2008, cited in Teunissen, 'Understanding Fashion through the Museum in Melchior, MR, 2014). Garments seeking spectator attention within the museum space are often perceived as static entities devoid of their original function as embodied artefacts. There is no denying an inert aura pervades listless materials that have supposedly lost their agency, now confined to the vaults of the museum-as-mausoleum. In their re-purposed role of performing as reminders of a life now departed, this article considers curatorial strategies that seek to revive a living presence in garment display with specific reference to the remodelling of Frida Kahlo in the V&A exhibition 'Frida Kahlo: Making Her Self Up (2018).' Addressing Dudley's suggestion in Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things (2012: 19) that an artefact's 'fundamental material characteristics' should be at the heart of contextual interpretation, the role that an object's material properties can play in the re-materializing of embodiment is evaluated. In the V&A exhibition, a narrative emerges on clothing as an agent that conceals vulnerable corporeality. Sartorial practices armoured Kahlo's body and the role material entities can play in containing and preserving the illusion of corporeal substance will be investigated. Given this premise, it seems wholly appropriate to focus on the contribution that the mannequin can make to this conceptual framework. After all, it is an artefact with a central occupation of establishing bodily integrity in the display of clothing. Reiterating Clark's suggestion in The Textile Reader (2012) that the mannequin contributes to the vocabulary of a curatorial brief, this article proposes that this artefact can interrogate the tensions that exist between Kahlo's sartorial practices and her abject body. Substantiating Appadurai's premise of material objects' agency in The Social Life of Things (2001[1986]), the exhibition arguably employs the once humble tailor's dummy in a significant role, thereby reconstructing its dominant function of embodying fabric in the museum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cervical spine manipulation is a complex motor skill used to treat musculoskeletal ailments such as neck pain. There is evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of objective feedback and mannequins for the teaching of spinal manipulation (SM) in the thoracic and lumbar spine. This paper examines the effectiveness of an educational intervention combining both mannequins and force-sensing technology for teaching cervical SM. Methods: Fourth-year chiropractic interns were separated into 2 groups: an intervention group and a group trained with the standard curriculum. The intervention included a 60-minute educational session focused on targeting 100 N total peak force cervical manipulations on mannequins, with objective feedback through force-sensing table technology. Pre- and post-CMs were recorded on both a mannequin and a paired student partner, with an attempt to have a target total peak force of 100 N. Results: Ninety students were recruited. The invention group (n = 46) scored significantly better at the outcome compared to the control group (n = 44) when manipulating the mannequin (p = .003). These improvements did not carry over when manipulating a paired human partner (p = .067). Conclusion: Following a 1-hour cervical SM educational intervention utilizing thrusting on mannequins and forcesensing table technology, students demonstrated improved peak force control for SM delivered on the mannequin. However, this improvement was not carried over to SM delivered on human subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Art therapy group can facilitate professional and self advocacy efforts to increase awareness of eating disorders. Imagine Me Beyond What You See art competition was the catalyst for the development of an art therapy group to raise awareness for eating disorders and body image by reimagining a mannequin. Participant testimonials demonstrate how this process impacted recovery and empowered clients to become advocates in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Of the Study: Pleural diseases are common in clinical practice. Doctors in training often encounter these patients and are expected to perform diagnostic and therapeutic pleural procedures with confidence and safely. However, pleural procedures can be associated with significant complications, especially when performed by less experienced. Structured training such as use of training manikin and procedural skills workshop may help trainee doctors to achieve competence. However, high costs involved in acquiring simulation technology or attending a workshop may be a hurdle. We hereby describe a training model using a simple manikin developed in our institution and provide an effective way to document skill acquisition and assessment among trainee medical officers.Study Design: This was a prospective observational study. The need for training, competence and confidence of trainees in performing pleural procedures was assessed through an online survey. Trainees underwent structured simulation training through a simple manikin developed at our institute. Follow-up survey after the training was then performed to access confidence and competence in performing pleural procedures.Results: Forty-seven trainees responded to an online survey and 91% of those expressed that they would like further training in pleural procedure skills. 81% and 85% of responders, respectively, indicated preferred method of training is either practising on manikin or performing the procedure under supervision. Follow-up survey showed improvement in the confidence and competence.Conclusion: Our pleural procedure training manikin model is a reliable, novel and cost-effective method for acquiring competences in pleural procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Textil v Muzeu is the property of Moravian Museum Brno, Historical Museum, Etnographic Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The training of medical students demands practice of skills in scenarios as close as possible to real ones that on one hand ensure acquisition of competencies, and on the other, avoid putting patients at risk. This study shows the practicality of using high definition mannequins (SimMan 3G) in scenarios of first attention in neurological emergencies so that medical students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Salamanca could acquire specific and transversal competencies. The repetition of activities in simulation environments significantly facilitates the acquisition of competencies by groups of students ( p < 00.5). The greatest achievements refer to skills whereas the competencies that demand greater integration of knowledge seem to need more time or new sessions. This is what happens with the competencies related to the initial diagnosis, the requesting of tests and therapeutic approaches, which demand greater theoretical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: High-fidelity simulation is widely used in healthcare for the training and professional education of students though literature of its application to athletic training education remains sparse. Objective: This research attempts to address a wide-range of data. This includes athletic training student knowledge acquisition from high-fidelity simulation, effects on student confidence, emotional responses, and reports of lived experiences in different phases of simulation. Design and Setting: A mixed methods study design was employed with pre- and postintervention evaluations of students' cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge, confidence, emotions, and lived experiences via the Presimulation CPR Survey, the Postsimulation CPR Survey, and the Reactions to the Simulation Experience Postsimulation Reflection assignment. The study was conducted in the University's high-fidelity simulation center. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty undergraduate athletic training students enrolled in a junior-level clinical practicum class. Results: We identified a significant difference in athletic training student knowledge acquisition (pretest: x=3.75, SD=.546; posttest: x=4.60, SD=.394) and identified a significant increase through a paired sample t test (t19 = -5.640, P < .001). We demonstrated a significant difference in athletic training student confidence (pretest: x =4.18, SD=.524; posttest: x =4.68, SD = .295). The findings of this paired sample t test (t19 = -4.485, P, .001) identify a significant increase in confidence related to CPR skills. Students reported a mean score of 4.5 out of 5.0 (SD = .761) of experiencing emotional reactions to the simulation including anxiety, fear, and nervousness. Students reported on a scale of 5.0, (x = 4.63, SD = .34) the simulation was overall a positive and valued learning experience. Conclusions: High-fidelity simulation is highly effective in athletic training education and has similar outcomes in knowledge acquisition, confidence, and emotional responses to other healthcare professional education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the evolution and history of interprofessional education (IPE) using healthcare simulation (HCS). The evolution described here demonstrates an achievement of patient safety efforts as a consequence of the historical roots of healthcare and highlights HCS as a progressive method synergistic with IPE. This paper presents a descriptive review that covers the HCS and IPE literature, indicating factors that led to the use of HCS in IPE. Understanding the history of simulation-enhanced IPE provides healthcare educators with fertile ground to support future IPE. A number of benefits in using HCS to address common challenges to IPE are outlined, including natural relevance and engagement for learners, faculty attraction to its use, and the opportunity to explore socio-historical issues in teams. Several promising directions for future research are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos PAGU is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay establishes the cultural, intellectual and historical contexts of Jean Rhys's engagement with sartorial fashion and addresses her characters’ fascination with the sartorial in relation to modernism's refusal of the stable, unitary self. The author analyses the ways in which the thinking of the avant-garde in art and literature and the avant-garde in fashion converged in the 1920s and 1930s. Attention is paid to Virginia Woolf and to the fashion designer Coco Chanel and the ubiquitous ‘little black dress’ in Rhys's European fictions between The Left Bank and Other Stories (1927) and Good Morning, Midnight (1939). Rhys's engagement with fashion is considered as a structuring absence in recent research on modernism and the city. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: A pilot study exploring the differences between high- and low-fidelity mannequins in the assessment of clinical performance. Methods: Standardized clinical scenarios were used to test 12 intensive care paramedics (ICP). Each ICP was randomly assigned to a scenario using either a high-fidelity (SimMan) or low-fidelity mannequin (Laerdal Heart Start 2000), followed by a crossover assessment using the alternative scenario. We examined both the objective and subjective outcomes. Objective performance was assessed by three independent assessors, all accredited Advanced Paediatric Life Support instructors. Subjective outcomes were measured by assessment questionnaires and a rating scale. Results: The overall proportion that passed the high-fidelity mannequin scenario was 0.47 compared with 0.58 in the low-fidelity mannequin scenario. The difference was −0.11 (95% CI −0.32–0.11). The subjective outcomes were charted and presented within the article. The ICP preferred the use of high-fidelity mannequin for assessment purpose. Conclusion: There was no significant objective difference between the two mannequins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectrum of uses of high-fidelity simulation in emergency medicine has increased in the past 10 years and ranges from teaching isolated skills to improving complex team behaviours in critical situations. This review will describe these published uses and explore the evidence supporting the use of high-fidelity simulation, as well as the future directions and difficulties of using this technology in our specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Despite the widespread use of both two paramedic and single paramedic ambulance crews, there is little evidence regarding differences between these two staffing configurations in the delivery of patient care. Objectives. To determine potential differences in care provided by each of these ambulance configurations in the resuscitation of a cardiac arrest victim in ventricular fibrillation. Methods. Fifteen paramedic-paramedic and 15 paramedic-EMT crews were recruited to perform resuscitation on a high-fidelity human simulator (Laerdal SimMan™). Errors and their nature, time to critical interventions, and compliance with continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were captured by the simulator and videotape. Results. Two paramedic crews averaged 0.7 ± 0.5 more errors of commision, 0.5 ± 0.4 more errors of sequence, and 0.8 ± 0.8 more total errors per resuscitation (± 95% CI; p = 0.008, 0.017, and 0.036, respectively). For all interventions analyzed, only time required to achieve intubation differed between the two configurations, with two paramedic crews intubating 63.9 ± 45.8 seconds more quickly (p = 0.009). CPR compliance was highly variable, and a meaningful statistical difference could not be determined, although performance overall was poor, with both configurations averaging less than 50% compliance. Conclusion. Two paramedic crews were more error-prone and did not perform most interventions more rapidly with the exception of intubation. These data do not support the proposition that two paramedic crews provide higher quality cardiac care than paramedic-EMT crews in a simulated ventricular fibrillation arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhinopharyngeal swab collection is used to test patients for COVID-19; unfortunately, the false negative rate is around 30% in symptomatic patients, and maybe even higher in asymptomatic ones. A correct swab collection is consequently critical. Swabs are usually performed by dedicated personnel, but at the present moment, the methods for its training are not standardized. In a Letter to the Editor recently published in the European Archives of Otorhinolaringology, Tagliabue et al. describe the training method used in their Institution: the personnel dedicated to swab collection increases its confidence with the procedure by observing endoscopic anatomy, while an otolaryngologist performs rigid endoscopy. Although we found this paper interesting, we think that the author's proposal has timing and financial drawbacks that should be considered in daily activity, especially in an emergency period like the pandemic we are experiencing. In this Letter to the Editor, we discuss some pre-analytic and analytic issues that should be considered while performing rhinopharyngeal swabs, and we propose the use of a mannequin to train personnel, thus reducing the risk of infection for health workers, and patient's discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to large airborne organic aerosols may cause respiratory and skin symptoms. The use of human exposure chambers permits safe mechanistic studies of the effect of inhalation or dermal deposition of such particles. The performance of a dynamic and continuous whole-body human exposure chamber using turbulent air mixing during exposure to these organic aerosols of humans and of a new heated mannequin was evaluated. Variability of temporal and spatial distribution of the airborne particle concentration, and aerodynamic aerosol size distribution of the inhalable fraction, were evaluated. The temporal and spatial distribution of these aerosols close to the breathing zone during an exposure session was typically ≤10%, which is low for airborne particles of this size. In a larger section around a human, only slightly higher spatial variation was found. Variability between exposure sessions was also low (<10%). Only limited effect of relative humidity for the organic aerosols was observed. The aerodynamic particle size distribution curves differed slightly, but some were comparable to those in occupational environments. The outcome of the performance tests as measured with the heated mannequin was almost the same as with humans, indicating that the mannequin could be used in preparatory tests in this type of chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical investigations of particle inhalability and contaminant exposure have used simple geometrical surrogates for a breathing human form, but the effect of eliminating facial features has not been investigated. In this work, the velocity field and particle aspiration associated with two differently shaped mannequins were investigated to determine if an elliptical form was sufficient to represent the complexity of fluid flow associated with an inhaling human. Laser Doppler anemometry was used to measure velocity, and both optical sizing and gravimetric analysis were used to measure particle aspiration from an aerosol source. All tests were performed with continuous inhalation through the mouth, with the mannequin facing the 0.3 m s−1 freestream. Although limitations in the laser Doppler optics prevented velocity measurements at distances <11 mm in front of the mannequin mouth opening, significant velocity differences were identified up to 20 mm in front of the mouth opening. This indicated that facial features affected the flow field near the face only. Owing to these differences, particle aspiration was compared between mannequins for three different velocity ratio conditions using an aerosol source. Even with relatively large variability in the aspirated concentration in this study, the aspirated mass concentration was significantly less for the anatomical mannequin relative to the elliptical form. Thus, the simplified elliptical cylinder does not sufficiently characterize the fluid dynamics near the mouth of an inhaling human form at these limited test conditions. Future CFD and numerical simulations to investigate human aspiration of particles should incorporate the complex features of the human face to investigate adequately particle aspiration in low velocity environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Forensic Science is the property of Romanian Forensic Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)