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This study examines the remaining options for sport managers to balance the interests of college athletes and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in regulating college athlete name, image, and likeness (NIL). The paper is divided into six substantive sections. The first section, "Background: The NCAA's Defense of NIL Restrictions," provides a brief history of the NCAA's legal defense to challenges against its NIL regulations. The second section, "U.S. Congress Is Unlikely to Regulate College Athletes' NIL Rights," addresses proposed federal legislation and Congress' willingness to regulate the use of NIL by college athletes. The third section, "The Impact of O'Bannon and Alston on NCAA's NIL Restraints," examines controlling case law, specifically O'Bannon v. NCAA and NCAA v. Alston, and how current antitrust law precedent shapes the scope by which the NCAA can regulate college athletes' NIL. The fourth section, "State Laws Regulating the NIL Marketplace," addresses state legislation regulating college athlete NIL use. The fifth section, "The Applicability of Labor Law to Regulating College Athletes' NIL," discusses the current college athlete NIL marketplace and analyzes whether labor law presents an optimal way forward for the NCAA to regulate NIL post-Alston. The sixth section, "College Athletes' Employee Status as a Pathway to Redefine the NCAA's Amateurism," concludes by examining the law's role in regulating NIL and discussing stakeholder implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the arrival of name, image, and likeness (NIL), the college sports labor market has distinctly taken on similar characteristics to the gig economy, with athletes able to earn extra compensation through external NIL-based independent contractor "gigs." But with this comparison comes comparable issues, and scholarship and litigation examining and challenging gig economy structures have identified several legal and ethical concerns both individual to each worker and more broadly affecting labor markets. Building off this literature, we conceptualize the NIL phenomenon within the gig economy space, exploring the legal and ethical concerns that have plagued companies like Uber and applying those same concerns to the brave new world of NIL-fueled college sports. We not only find similar issues in college sports but also find even deeper concerns based on new and existing challenges unique to the novel space of college sports, particularly given the increased proliferation of NIL collectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines and reveals the impact of legal doctrine on law-making and law-enforcement practice. It is noted that today the doctrine lacks a systematic approach to its use in the law-making process. Accordingly, this leads both to a decrease in the value of the doctrine itself and to negative consequences for the legal system as a whole. From these positions, the doctrine continues to occupy its important niche and life source in the legal system. It is the doctrine that forms the legal concepts used by the legislator and establishes the methods by which the law is discovered and laws are interpreted. However, even the systematic interpretation of legal norms cannot always fill the gap in the legal regulation of social relations. Therefore, precisely in this case, the courts turn to the legal doctrine, which is used to reveal the content of the legal norm, which is present in the legislation or is absent in its content. As a rule, in the content of the motivational part of court acts, references to legal doctrine are often found to confirm one’s legal position and to strengthen its effect, which indicates a balanced decision made in the case. Summarizing the analysis of judicial practice materials, it is possible to formulate the purpose for which the legal doctrine is used: filling gaps in the legal regulation of social relations, interpreting legal norms and establishing their legal nature and content. Accordingly, it can be stated that the legal doctrine embodies a system of well-founded, theoretical and scientific provisions that have applied value and are used to eliminate gaps, correctly interpret and apply legal norms and, on this basis, search for optimal legal solutions. It is proved that the legal doctrine is a kind of indicator for relevant events and situations that may arise in the field of legal regulation of social relations. Therefore, during the development of projects of regulatory legal acts, the use of legal doctrine allows analyzing the dynamics of the development of social relations that are subject to legal regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problems and perspectives of the theory of separation of powers. The general aspects of the theory of separation of powers are outlined. The authors say that the multiplicity of types of power and types of social norms and factors, that ensure them, shows that separation is inherent to the phenomenon of power. It was noted that the issue of separation of powers has an important theoretical and practical significance and is closely related to the classification of political regimes into totalitarian, authoritarian, democratic and liberal. It was emphasized that, contrary to the established stereotype, the separation of powers, in certain forms, existed long before the epoch of Ch.L. de Montesquieu. It is noted that the ideas of separation of powers long before J. Locke and Ch.L. de Montesquieu was also expressed by Aristotle and Marsilius of Padua. It was substantiated that, in fact, the separation of powers has existed in some forms since the very beginnings of statehood. So, the theory of the separation of powers does not arise, but is only actualized in the XVII-XVIII centuries in connection with the struggle of the bourgeoisie against absolutism and feudal-clerical orders. It was noted that existence of the separation of powers for a long time before the period of the bourgeois society says that the separation of powers, as such, does not protect society from slavery and serfdom, arbitrariness and tyranny, inquisition and oppression, but, on the contrary, can increase the number of tyrants, independent of each other. The authors say that the separation of powers into the legislative, executive and judicial branches does not protect society from tyranny and usurpation of power by one party, while the incompleteness of the separation of powers (in particular, in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family) does not turn the state into a tyranny. The authors pay attention to the critical view on the separation of powers in the works of J. Bodin, T. Hobbes, G.F. Szerszeniewicz, who say that the real separation of powers is dangerous to the unity of the state. It was emphasized that the theory of separation of powers contradicts the basic characteristics of the state sovereignty, defined by J. Bodin, because if the power is limited and separated into several branches, then it cannot be unified, supreme, absolute and permanent. The historical experience of different riots, rebellions and civil wars, that confirms the validity of the mentioned concerns, was provided. It was noted that the separation of powers in the state can have only a functional nature. It was noted that excessive separation of powers can paralyze state management or significantly complicate the system of state authorities and intensify the struggle between them, which will contribute to the establishment of a dictatorship. The authors support the position of G.F. Szerszeniewicz that the «legal self-limitation of the state» is a fiction and indicate that, theoretically, the limitation of the state by law is most likely in the states of the Anglo-Saxon, religious or traditional legal family, where the legislation, created by the state, is not the main source of law. Following B. Constant, it was stated that, in fact, the number of branches of power in the state is much greater than 3, and it was noted that, in particular, in modern Ukraine, we can talk about 9 branches of government, which creates the need to rethink the classical postulates of the theory of the separation of powers and the mechanism of checks and balances, as well as the necessity of expansion and addition of the typology of political regimes, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article submitted for publication, the authors analyze and study the issues related to the provision of quality and timely free legal aid under martial law. The methodological basis of the study is a system of general scientific methods that provide an objective analysis and evaluation of the subject under study. The authors believe that it is now necessary to popularize free legal aid more, not only in the media, but also to attract the attention of public organizations and charitable foundations, in particular those engaged in providing assistance to internally displaced persons, since they understand better than anyone how difficult it is to live and work under martial law. In our opinion, it is advisable to revise the Law of Ukraine «On Free Legal Aid» and pay attention to the communities and regions located near the front line, because people living in such areas need much more support and attention from the state. The authors also emphasize that young people should be involved in the work of free primary and secondary care centers, and internship programs should be organized so that people really trust free aid and understand that free aid does not mean low-quality. We also consider it appropriate to note that the crucial issue of providing quality and timely assistance, in terms of free aid, has become even more urgent and painful for a significant number of our citizens under martial law. The problems of physical impossibility not only to receive legal aid, but also to access justice have been added to the existing problems. This problem has been exacerbated by the temporary occupation of the territories, the destruction of court buildings and the relocation of courts and law enforcement agencies to other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity rates among children and adults continue to accelerate in the U.S., particularly among marginalized and low-income populations. Obesity prevention and reduction policies can significantly impact population health by improving environmental conditions and increasing access to health-promoting resources. Limited research has been conducted to examine state obesity policy change over time. The primary aim of this study is to examine legislative approaches used to prevent and reduce obesity in the state of California (U.S.). Methods: We used quantitative policy surveillance methods to develop a state database of obesity-related legislation (bills, resolutions) introduced in California's legislature between 1999 and 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to examine trends of introduced and enacted policy by legislative and policy characteristics. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in characteristics between enacted and non-enacted legislation. Legislative session and policy characteristics found to be associated with enactment were used to predict adoption in a logistic regression. Results: A total of 284 obesity-related bills and resolutions were introduced in California's legislature between 1999 and 2020 with a peak of 43 in 2005–2006. On average, 25.8 bills and resolutions were introduced each 2-year legislative cycle. Findings indicate that (a) children and schools were the most frequently specified population and setting; (b) the most common policy topics were nutrition (45%) and physical activity (33%); and (c) only 15% of legislation mentioned race/ethnicity. Overall, 24.9% of bills were enacted compared to 82.1% of resolutions adopted. Legislation to raise awareness about obesity had 5.4 times the odds of being passed compared to other topics. Yet this difference was not statistically significant in a sensitivity analysis when we excluded resolutions. Conclusions: This database can be leveraged to advance our knowledge of effective and equitable policy instruments to prevent and reduce obesity. Results reveal important policy elements that may impact legislative success, including policy topic, and contribute to a nascent evidence base for public health law research, legal epidemiology, and practice. Future work should investigate the role of policy effectiveness research and evidence on legislative policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the reasons and potential consequences of the abolition of the Commercial Code of Ukraine. It is noted that the Ukrainian legal system, like any other, must adapt to changes in society. Among the key factors influencing the need for changes are European integration processes and the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war. It also highlights internal problems and contradictions between different legislative acts that need to be resolved. The Commercial Code of Ukraine was adopted in 2003 to regulate economic relations between business entities and public authorities. It consisted of nine chapters covering various aspects of economic activity. Over time, shortcomings of the Code were identified, such as fragmentation of legal provisions and conflicts of consistency with other legislative acts. This necessitated its revision and improvement. It is emphasised that there are several approaches to solving the problem. Some experts believe that the contradictions between the Commercial and Civil Codes can only be resolved by cancelling the Commercial Code. Others are convinced that the Code can be modernised by removing contradictory provisions and harmonising it with other legislation. The abolition of the Commercial Code may lead to significant changes in the legal framework, create a period of legal uncertainty and cause problems for legal entities engaged in economic activity. However, it may also help to simplify the legal regulation of economic relations, making it more transparent and understandable for business entities in other societies. This can create the basis for the development of the business sector and attract investment to our country. It is important to carefully prepare for the abolition of the Commercial Code, ensure a smooth transition to the new legal framework and minimise possible risks to Ukraine’s economy and legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the life and work of L. Rebet, his general theoretical views on the formation and development of the nation. Considerable attention is paid to the characterization of L. Rebet’s fundamental scientific works on the theory and history of the Ukrainian nation, in particular: “The Formation of the Ukrainian Nation”; “Theory of the Nation”; “The Origin of Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians in the Light of Modern Soviet Theories”; “The Light and Shadows of the OUN”, etc. It is shown that in his scientific concept of the formation and development of the nation, Lev Rebet examined in detail the causes of the decline, economic and cultural isolation of the Ukrainian community during the Golden Horde, analyzed the causes of the territorial fragmentation of the Ukrainian principalities and determined the importance of the Galicia-Volhynia State for the continuation of the state life of the Ukrainian people. Using historical examples, L. Rebet identified the negative impacts on the Ukrainian population under the Lithuanian and Polish occupation of Ukrainian lands. L. Rebet rightly noted that during the revival of the Ukrainian people, religion and the Orthodox faith played an important role, opposing Catholicism and polonization and becoming the bearers of Ukrainian tradition and the formation of national consciousness. It was the Ukrainian bourgeoisie, part of the petty gentry, and artisans who proved to be the bearers of culture and state traditions. However, it was only the independent Ukrainian military Cossack stratum that became the military and organizational force that quickly acquired the features of a national state, and in the era of Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s hetmanship, thanks to the military and political success of the Cossacks, one of the most powerful Ukrainian states of that time emerged, which played a significant nation-building role and for several years “crystallized the Ukrainian community, approaching a higher type - the nation”, in which the Cossacks were the main political force. The article reveals that L. Rebet in his works considered nationalism as an ideology that should be based on feelings of national dignity, self-respect and national consciousness. L. Rebet convincingly argued in his writings that the Ukrainian people have the right to political self-determination and the creation of their own state. L. Rebet believed that in order to build one’s own state, first of all, it is necessary to raise the national consciousness and culture of the people. According to L. Rebbetzin, this requires the Ukrainian people to return to their national roots, to their own history and culture, in order to preserve and establish their national identity. In his scientific concept, Lev Rebet emphasized the importance of preserving Ukrainian culture and language, and of preserving the national identity of Ukrainians. Nationalism should be democratic and social. He sought to create a national liberation organization that would unite different segments of the population and work for the benefit of the entire Ukrainian people. L. Rebet favored the creation of national statehood, but believed that the source of power in the state should be the people, not the political elite. Rebet’s views on the importance of moral virtues and cultural values, such as freedom, justice, honesty, diligence, creativity, traditions, religion, and language, are particularly relevant. Rebet believed that these values are important for Ukrainian and other nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the Faculty of Arts is the property of Ain Shams University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We provide a model of interrogations with two-sided asymmetric information. The suspect knows his status as guilty or innocent and the likely strength of the law enforcer's evidence, which is informative about the suspect's status and may also disprove lies. We compare prosecution errors in the equilibrium of the one-shot interrogation and in the optimal mechanism under full commitment. We describe a back-and-forth interrogation with disclosure of the evidence that implements the optimum in equilibrium without any commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our tax code is stuck in the Middle Ages. The Internal Revenue Code (“the Code”), codified at 26 U.S.C., uses the concepts of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as one might expect of a tax code. But, disdaining the 1500s invention of the elementary math symbols ‘+,’ ‘–,’ ‘×,’ and ‘÷,’ the Code instead uses complicated English constructions such as “any amount of X which bears the same ratio to that amount as Y bears to Z.” I propose that we use these elementary math symbols in our tax laws. To see whether this would increase the laws’ legibility, I conducted a preregistered, randomized, controlled trial involving 161 participants. One group received the actual Code, the other, a translation using math symbols. Both groups were asked to solve the same two Code-based tax problems. For the first problem, use of the translation with math symbols increased answer accuracy from 25% to 70%. For the second problem, answer accuracy increased from 11% to 50%. This result, I argue, can be extrapolated to the broader population and to the Code as a whole, confirming the plausible intuition that math symbols would increase the understandability of the Code. I then argue that this would be a good thing, answering various objections along the way, with a particular appeal to the rule of law and the spirit of democracy. People ought to be able to understand the laws that govern them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the intricate relationship between freedom and law as expounded in the philosophical framework of St. Thomas Aquinas. Grounded in Aquinas' synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology, the study elucidates his conception of freedom as aligned with rationality and the pursuit of the good. Aquinas' multi-layered understanding of law, encompassing the eternal, divine, natural, and human dimensions, forms the backdrop for analyzing the harmonious interplay between freedom and law. Contrary to viewing law as a constraint on freedom, Aquinas argues for their mutual enrichment, positing that adherence to just laws fosters individual flourishing and societal well-being. Drawing on key works such as the Summa Theologica and Summa Contra Gentiles, supplemented by scholarly interpretations by Gilson, Pieper, and Davies, this research contributes to a deeper comprehension of Aquinas' ethical and political thought, offering insights into the nature of moral agency and the pursuit of the common good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In natural language processing (NLP), named entity recognition (NER) and semantic classification are essential tasks. NER is a fundamental task, that identify named entities in text such as people, organizations, and locations. In Legal domain, NER is particularly important due to the variety of named entities that appear in legal documents and are important for legal analysis whereas Semantic classification is the process of giving each sentence in a text a semantic label, such as "fact,""arguments," or"judgement". Both NER and Semantic classi- fication are critical component of many NLP applications such as Knowledge base construction and semantic search. Semantic searching of legal documents is a powerful technique that can be used to quickly find the information that you need. By combining NER and semantic classification, one can identify the key elements of a legal document and search for documents that are related to a particular topic or contain a particular type of information. This paper proposes a novel approach to NER and Semantic classification in legal domain using Long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The proposed approach is evaluated on a corpus of legal text and the result of this study suggest that LSTM models are a promising approach for NER and Semantic classification in legal domain and can be used to improve the performance of semantic searching of legal documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistic choices have different attributions beyond their literal meaning according to their contexts. This paper looks at the variations in the discourses seen in the written colonial agreements and treaties during the Malabar conquest. The study employs the archived documents of various discourses during this period as a part of power shifting from the local elites to the colonial power. It explores how power is intertwined in the linguistic choices of different communication files. The study employs a hybrid methodology of forensic linguistics and legal history. The analysis progresses in two phases: i) the linguistic attributions of power in the communications between the local elites and the colonial authorities and ii) the comparative analysis of variations in the linguistic choices by the colonial authorities correlating their varying power positions over the given period. It explores the dynamics of the linguistic choices of the local elites initially as a powerful entity in communication with the colonial authorities. The analysis shows a variation in the linguistic choices of the colonial authorities that suggests how they are used to reflect the power positions on a scale from weaker to powerful along the timeline. The paper argues that the linguistic choices of the colonial communication files aided them in projecting their power to society and assisted as one of the tools for reiterating their power position in various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative research explores rape victim advocates' secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout, and coping strategies. Data reveal that the hardest parts of advocates' work include feeling like they cannot help survivors, hearing survivors' stories, and seeing the failings of the CJ and legal systems. Most advocates (81%) experience STS, evident in emotional and behavioral responses. Most advocates (71%) confirm that #MeToo and coverage of sexual violence in the news, social media, or television contribute to their STS. Fewer advocates (34%) experience burnout, which is attributed to workload. Advocates cope by reaching out to others (colleagues, friends, and family) and exercising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of legal anthropology has widely debated Indigenous Peoples' justice practices. However, Indigenous Peoples' legal perspective on sexual offenses remains understudied. In this respect, this article approaches the spiritual and political dimensions of the Arhuaco People's justice system to examine its procedures and sanctions. We want to understand how the Arhuaco People administer justice in cases where male community members are allegedly responsible for committing sexual crimes against women. During fieldwork in the Arhuaco territory, the authors employ methodologies drawn from the procedural paradigm-legal conscience studies as an interpretive framework to understand how Arhuaco women conceive legal phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Norwegian legislation, "sexual activity with a person who is unconscious or for other reasons incapable of resisting the act" constitutes sexual assault. Our task in this article is to identify the kind of sexual harms that are (un)protected by this paragraph and to discuss the boundaries of rape that are set by legal practice. We do so through a systematic analysis of all verdicts on incapacity and sexual assault at appellate court levels through 2019 and 2020. The analysis strengthens our concern for victims' right to equality before the law and for the quality of courts' legal veridiction and interpretation of both law and sexual assault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of livestock in riparian areas raises several questions about the conservation and sustainable use of water resources and biodiversity in Brazil. Although the Native Vegetation Protection Law (No. 12,651) focuses on riparian vegetation, protected as Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), it does not exclude the presence of livestock in these fragile areas. Here, we provide an overview of APPs in Brazil and analyze the legal instruments that enable livestock in these areas, gathering the scientific evidence on associated environmental impacts. Currently, cattle in riparian areas represent a direct threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services, especially because these animals promote trampling, loss of vegetation, soil erosion, siltation, and pollution through urine and feces. To avoid cattle in APPs, legislation should be revised to implement more stringent restrictions; in parallel, alternatives for watering the animals must be sought, such as, for example, the installation of artificial ponds and drinking fountains. It would be appropriate to propose legislation or create incentives to fence livestock in pasture areas to preventing it from accessing APPs. Increasing cattle confinement is an alternative measure to traditional ranching in open pasture. Riparian zones represent a critical environment for biodiversity and society, so the presence of cattle and its associated negative impacts should be seriously considered by authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies legal disparities between men and women in a patriarchal framework. Throughout history, women have confronted discrimination in matters of inheritance, property ownership, and various other legal rights. We examine the consequences of legal discrimination for women's differential engagement and success within legal conflicts, using data from Ottoman courts in the early nineteenth century. The results show that women were parties to approximately 30 per cent of cases, with a modest gender gap of around eight to ten percentage points in terms of plaintiff win rates. The gap varied across courts and types of cases, consistent with gender disparities in legal knowledge and trial stakes in patriarchal societies. Notably, when litigating against male defendants, the disparity was more pronounced in provincial courts (Konya and Kütahya), as opposed to courts in the capital city (Galata and Üsküdar). Similarly, while the gender gap was greater in property and probate cases than those involving personal crimes and commercial exchange, the gap was reversed in family matters. The analysis suggests that a significant portion of the gender gap in litigation success can be attributed to disparities in evidence presentation (witness testimonies, written documents and legal opinions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article undertakes a rhetorical reading of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.'s "The Path of the Law" (1897), attending particularly to Holmes's use of the trope of the "oracle" in his legal philosophy to show how Holmes utilizes this figure to interrogate the Anglo-American legal tradition and to articulate his own, new understanding of the task of the law. For Holmes, lawyers reading the "sibylline leaves" of the common law will inevitably make imperfect predictions about how judges will rule a case. In contrast, Holmes suggests that lawyers should be able to make predictions with the same degree of reliability as scientific hypotheses based on the laws of physics. Similarly, Holmes argues that laws should be considered in terms of desired ends, rather than precedent and tradition, and assessed using the new quantitative social science of statistics. Thus, by turning "prophecy" into a figure of rationality, Holmes calls for a radical reinvention of the law as scientifically based and oriented towards the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the recent proliferation of anti-discrimination protections supporting LGBTIQ+ youth internationally, backlash periods have ensued. Whilst liberal-progressive rights models theorise 'backlash' as an expected consequence of rights recognitions progress, some post-colonial and Queer scholars frame backlash within enduring authoritarian anti-rights tendencies, and question assumptions of progress. To understand backlash more adequately, this paper explores state-level anti-LGBTIQ+ Bills potentially impacting youth proposed in the USA between 2018 and 2022. Critical discourse analysis is used to map the different types, locations, conceptual arrangements and outcomes of 543 anti-LGBTIQ+ rights US state-level proposed Bills. Bill attempts were mainly concentrated in Republican-governed states including Tennessee (48), Missouri (40), Iowa (39), Oklahoma (32) and Texas (32). Overly extended claims concerning girls/women's religious and parental rights were advanced in opposition to LGBTIQ+ youth rights, and as part of wider rights attacks. Bills used anti-rights and pro-rights discourses to mask as 'backlash' the rights claims advanced by elite-led anti-rights mobilisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recognising the importance of emotions for careers, researchers rarely explore how career‐related practices invoke emotions and the implications for professionals' career aspirations and behaviours. Drawing on 50 interviews with lawyers on the partner track and human resource (HR) professionals, we develop the concept of an emotions career. The emotions career consists of four stages, each characterised by different primary emotions and socio‐emotional dynamics. We find that career practices and social interactions elicit emotions that regulate professionals' career aspirations and trajectories. Thus, professionals become emotionally invested in their careers, which in turn contributes to the maintenance of existing career systems. To better support professionals, we suggest that HR practitioners develop greater awareness of the emotional dynamics associated with careers and engage in career conversations, while organisational leaders should, collectively, consider ways to challenge negative perceptions of alternative career paths, generating more diverse thinking about careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this this article I evaluate how authorship of theatre occurred in the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. I explore whether individual playwrights such as William Shakespeare were viewed as authors, and thus owners, of plays at this time. I analyse the role of the Stationers' Company as print monopolists, and the role of Elizabethan theatre companies, who took ownership of scripts for performance purposes. I examine the impact of the publication of the First Folio. I note that the publishing syndicate behind the First Folio, led by Shakespeare's friends John Heminges and Henry Condell, had to obtain the print rights for several plays, not from Shakespeare's estate, but from the various Stationers who had acquired publishing rights while Shakespeare was alive. Therefore, the First Folio stands as an early example, even before statutory copyright existed, of a book created via what we now describe as the 'clearing' of copyright licences. A consequence of the First Folio was not just the emergence of Shakespeare as the English author-figure par excellence; the First Folio coincided with a rising legal expectation that authors should be owners of dramatic texts under copyright law. Throughout the seventeenth century and into the early eighteenth century I mark how tensions between the market power of the Stationers' Company and emerging recognition of the author's literary property led to the first British copyright statute: the Statute of Anne in 1710. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Phronesis is the property of Phronesis-Editions-Formations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maandblad voor Vermogensrecht is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maandblad voor Vermogensrecht is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maandblad voor Vermogensrecht is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Maandblad voor Vermogensrecht is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to analyze criminal law enforcement related to organ trafficking cases. This research includes examining the conformity between existing legal regulations and practices in the field, identifying obstacles in law enforcement, and evaluating the effectiveness of measures that have been taken to deal with organ trafficking. The research method used is empirical. The results show that the main obstacles in handling this case include recovery and rehabilitation services for victims from health and social aspects that are appropriate to the needs of victims. This research concludes that legal regulations related to Organ Trafficking Crime are still incomplete. In addition, handling victims is not only the responsibility of the Police but also the Government and community institutions. It is suggested that the prevention and handling of Organ Trafficking should be optimized and integrated through synergistic cooperation between the community, Government, and community institutions in combating this crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author examines how the Anti-Google Law is implemented in South Korea and whether the law can be a solution for Indonesia in preventing giant digital platforms from abusing their dominant position. To review the alleged abuse of the dominant position of Google Pay Billing in Indonesia and conduct a study of the implementation of the Anti-Google Law in South Korea. This study uses doctrinal legal research methods through document and literature studies. The research results: For now, there have been several cases related to digital platforms that have entered ICC, such as GoTo in 2022, Google, and Shopee, which are about to enter the trial. It can be seen that there has been an increase in incoming cases related to digital platforms in ICC, therefore ICC must issue rules both in the form of laws, or technical regulations in the form of guidelines to regulate digital platforms, so that in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aims to identify factors affecting land bank creation and propose policy implications to improve land use efficiency in Vinh Long province. Methods: Based on applying institutional theory and land rent theory, the authors develop hypotheses and a research model that determines the relationship between factors affecting land banks, land rent theory and land use efficiency. The quantitative research method used the measurement model and PLS-SEM structure to test the correlation between factors. The survey was conducted with 170 respondents working in the land field. Result: According to research, the land bank is the factor that has the most significant impact on land use efficiency, with legal, planning and financial policy factors comprising in second and third. Based on these results, land policy and lawmakers can apply this research theory to adjust land-related factors according to administrators' wishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Justitiële Verkenningen is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. To demonstrate the spatially uneven effects of abortion restriction laws in Texas. Methods. We used network analysis to determine the change in distance to the nearest surgical abortion provider for 5253 Texas neighborhoods after the passing of Texas Senate Bill 8 (SB8; 2021) and the US Supreme Court's Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) decision. We identified associations between key measures of neighborhood socioeconomic context and change in distance to providers using multivariable linear regression models. Results. After the Dobbs decision, Texas residents experienced an average change in distance to the nearest provider of 457 miles (SD = 179). Neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage experienced the greatest increase in distance to abortion providers after SB8's passing, and neighborhoods with high levels of income inequality experienced the greatest increase in distance after the Dobbs decision. Conclusions. We document the rapidly changing abortion landscape in a highly restrictive state and show that women living in more disadvantaged and unequal areas are most affected by the increasing distance to providers. Public Health Implications. Our methods and findings will continue to be relevant in understanding the burden placed on women in areas where medical abortion has been restricted because of the Dobbs decision. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(10):1024–1033. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307652) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is a personal essay written by Dana Lloyd, reflecting on her experiences and struggles as an academic writer. She explores the concept of positionality and the challenges of finding her own voice in her academic work. Lloyd also discusses the controversial figure of anthropologist Alfred Kroeber and his treatment of Indigenous peoples. She contemplates the importance of imagination and the need to transcend boundaries in academic writing. Ultimately, Lloyd reflects on her own journey to find her voice and the impact of her father's absence on her identity. [Extracted from the article]

Much ink has been spilt on the errors and lapses of juridical pronouncements by the higher judiciary in India. Such commentary is valuable for tracing changes in the politico-juridical and social context, as well as, the impact of such errors and lapses on fundamental rights and related laws. However, perhaps, more important are the cases where the judiciary has not spoken, sometimes for years, despite having been petitioned by numerous affected parties and other times under public-interest litigation. The impact of such 'juridical pocket veto' is that legal liminality is allowed to operate and thus, a situation of autocratic legalism is produced wherein the action of the executive or legislature is seen as legal in its technicality but in the absence of adequate judicial review, creates an autocratic outcome for the polity at large, which in turn reinforces governmentalisation and undermines the liberal script. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "love jihad" conspiracy theory in India purports that Muslim men are deceptively seducing or kidnapping non-Muslim women in large numbers to convert and marry them. State laws in India have moved to control conversions—resulting in legislation as disinformation—and sparked violent attacks against Muslims. We identify this as the third wave of state-level anti-conversion laws in India and study how the conspiracy theory is embedded into the text of the law and its relation to the current period of Hindu nationalist ascendancy. Combining narrative analysis of the 2021 Gujarat amendment and interrogating the everyday experiences of interfaith couples who face administrative, police, and vigilante violence we analyze the infrastructure and frameworks of Hindu nationalist ideological dominance in India today. Our study questions the presumptions that underlie the characterization of India as a "democracy" considering the current political, ideological, and legal configurations in the country under the BJP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies examining the spatial patterns of exceptional security measures focus on constructed spaces or national territories exposed to international military intervention. Contemporary literature defines these spaces as zones of lawlessness where the exception prevails. By examining the security policies in the historical homelands of the Palestinians in Israel and the Kurds in Turkey, this article shows how exceptional security and the law co-constitute each other. Through a comparative historical analysis of the formative years of the Israeli and Turkish states, we argue that permanent exceptional security measures in territories inhabited by minority citizens are relevant to the political context in which the constituent power frames the political characteristics of the nation. In the process, exceptional security measures coexisting with the law become instrumental in maintaining and reproducing the distinction between the 'legitimate members' of the nation and the 'enemies' of the nation/state. The coexistence of exceptional security measures with the legal system challenges the conventional understanding of the exception and its dichotomous relationship with the norm, as outlined by Schmitt and Agamben. Instead, the conceptual framework of 'legal violence,' as articulated by Benjamin, offers a more comprehensive perspective for understanding the early years of the Israeli and Turkish states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]