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In the near future, the building sector will continue to absorb the greatest share of primary energy worldwide. It is necessary to find innovative solutions that promote energy efficiency through renovation measures, especially in historical buildings, for which refurbishment is constrained by several issues. In this study, we propose a novel Trombe Wall configuration that is easily integrable and based on a rock wall made of caged stone to use as a thermal accumulator. The system was investigated preliminarily using a transient Finite Difference Method (FDM) code to analyse the temperature field inside the rock wall. Successively, FDM results were employed as input data in TRNSYS simulations to determine the savings achievable in thermal heating requirements. The results demonstrated that the proposed solution, in the considered climate and on a reference historic building, can produce monthly heating savings varying between 26% and 85%. So, the rock wall results in a reliable solution for buildings in which refurbishment is difficult, allowing for preserving aesthetic features and improving energy efficiency by rationally using solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Academy/ Kent Akademisi is the property of ICAM NETWORK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historical buildings carry the key technologies and practical values throughout the development of architectural heritage. Investigating the restoration techniques for historical buildings under various forms of damage is an essential step in the conservation and utilization of these structures. Utilizing Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) as the primary databases, this study employs the PRISMA methodology to search and screen relevant research literature. A comprehensive review of the retained literature is conducted, analyzing publication trends, co-citation networks of authors and keywords, among other characteristics. To enhance the visibility of restoration techniques, three-dimensional modeling diagrams are created using actual case information of material or component damage as a reference, thereby increasing the referential value of the review content on historical building restoration techniques. The study provides a thorough review of over 30 restoration techniques corresponding to 9 types of damage from the perspectives of historical building walls and wooden components. Additionally, new materials or technologies mentioned in the retrieved literature are categorized; for instance, in the context of moisture-proof treatment for brick masonry, traditional methods are explained, and new research on electrochemical desalination and lipid-based waterproof materials is discussed and evaluated. Finally, given the multifaceted value and the variable mechanisms of damage in historical buildings, an analysis of the restoration process and techniques reveals that the restoration of historical buildings is a complex interdisciplinary process. The development and implementation of restoration plans should adhere to the principles of cultural relic protection to ensure their reasonableness and effectiveness, while also considering sustainability and environmental adaptability to protect and reuse historical buildings, thus leveraging their cultural and historical values. Moreover, the advancement of restoration techniques for historical buildings in the future should be based on the inheritance of traditional craftsmanship and materials, while also integrating new technologies, materials, and concepts to enhance the applicability and efficiency of traditional techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The strength of historical buildings built in different centuries with various materials and construction techniques and harboring many structural problems depends on the structural system, geometrical condition, and material properties. Sungurlu clock tower, whose system and geometry are in good condition, has been damaged under environmental and climatic effects, earthquakes, and other loads, and has survived to the present day by preserving its structural integrity to a great extent with the repairs it has undergone. Methods: In addition to static analysis, the robustness and durability of the design of the tower were tested by dynamic analysis with the SAP2000 program. In the model that will represent the actual system behavior of the tower, the lengths of the elements; nodal points; bearings; joints; shapes such as bars, shells, and plates; characteristic values of the materials to be used; as well as the system, element sections, and all loads and combinations of masses or dynamic forces acting on the system are defined. Results: In the reports presented visually, the moment, shear force, axial forces, and other forces to which the tower was exposed after the architectural and structural problems were eliminated were seen in a diagram. Since the effects of the damage could not be predicted, in this study, to measure the reaction of the building against earthquakes and other loads, the numerical model representing its original condition was prepared and analyzed according to the theoretical method and assumptions made by the restitution, survey, and static observation reports. Conclusions: With this program, which allows for the preparation of this model, it was concluded that the loads coming to the structure according to the principles of ductility, rigidity, and strength could be safely transferred to the ground without causing damage to the structural system and its elements. From the deformation, stress, velocity, acceleration, and reaction force graphs obtained, it was understood that the tower exhibited the expected structural behavior under its own weight and live loads. The stress and reaction force graphs showed that the structural materials are adequate for the resistance of the structure and system against the existing loads and possible earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese universities have gone through three periods of centralized construction and significant differences in the design of teaching buildings in different periods may cause various thermal environment problems. This study takes a city in a cold region in northern China as an example and selects three teaching buildings built during three concentrated construction periods: 1950s to 1960s, 1980s to 1990s, and early 21st century as common cases. Based on field research, thermal environment measurement, APMV and PMV-PPD evaluation, and DeST simulation methods, it was found that the average summer APMV of the three teaching buildings was 1.37, indicating poor thermal comfort. In winter, the ambient temperature of the classrooms was below 18 °C for about 30% to 40% of the whole year, the average PMV value was −2.36, and the PPD value was obtained as 83.28%, far exceeding the standard requirements. The obtained results form a design strategy to optimize the thermal environment of teaching buildings. By considering the teaching building of historical architecture from the 1950s to 1960s as an example, the optimization design was carried out from three aspects to improve the indoor thermal environment and reduce the building's cooling and heating load. The cumulative load of the building throughout the year was reduced by 21%, the cumulative heat load was reduced by 28.3%, and the cumulative cooling load was reduced by 10.1%. This research is anticipated to be of great reference significance for enhancing the thermal comfort of existing buildings, promoting energy conservation, and reducing carbon emissions. At the same time, it contributes to the protection and optimal use of historical buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Strong winds or typhoon disasters pose significant risks to historical buildings in many countries and regions. Although numerous researchers have discussed the damage caused by natural wind disasters, little attention has been paid to the potential impact of renovation and adaptive reuse strategies on the wind resistance performance of historical buildings—an avoidable human-induced factor. This study selected the representative ancestral hall building in Guangzhou, namely Lujiang Academy, for on-site investigation and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis. It examined two renovation approaches: installing glass curtain walls around the courtyard and enclosing the top of the courtyard with a glass canopy. This study also assessed the roof wind pressure distribution in its unaltered state to evaluate the impact of different renovation strategies on roof wind load distribution. The results showed that installing glass curtain walls can effectively reduce the upward suction effect on the main hall roof, thereby improving its wind resistance performance. Conversely, enclosing the courtyard with a glass canopy may increase negative pressure on areas such as the eaves and corridor roofs, raising the risk of roof damage. This study systematically evaluated the renovation strategies for historical buildings, detailing the specific impacts of different retrofit measures on the wind resistance performance of building roofs. The methods and findings are significant not only for the renovation of ancestral hall heritage buildings in Guangzhou but also for providing practical scientific methods and technical strategies for the conservation and renovation of similar historical structures. This research demonstrates an effective approach to enhancing wind resistance and preventive protection for historical buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry of Ukraine shall not only recover but also upgrade, enhance and reevaluate existing building projects. Further research raises two pertinent issues for Ukraine - retrofitting and reconstructing destroyed infrastructure. The study's priority objective is to restore damaged and ruined buildings rapidly. It may be achieved using the creation of recovery methods in Ukraine and countries in the post-conflict stage of development. The research involves creating technical specifications for the product of a new version of the automated construction management system, which provides working with the software complexes based on the BIM model. The system implies using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) to make organization of reconstruction faster, better and less costly. The research has been held to demonstrate the viability of the approach. In addition, we acquire a reduction of energy consumption and an increase in the lifespan of the building by choosing retrofitting methods. The efficacy of BIM and IoT technologies enables the integration of contemporary demands to diminish design time and costs. These technologies also optimise design solutions by assimilating knowledge from previous building and structure designs. Additionally, they offer essential information support for the entire investment project life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the preliminary experimental research and analysis of the structure of samples of clay solid bricks from six historical buildings erected in Poland in the years 1300 to 1910. Images obtained with a scanning electron microscope; parameters characterizing the pore space of the ceramic material, which were obtained using mercury porosimetry; and chemical composition identified using an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, were analyzed. The test results showed that as the age of the brick increases, the homogeneity of its structure decreases, the chemical composition of all samples is quite similar, and in the tested samples, large disproportions in the percentage of pore width in individual ranges can be observed. An indicator P-index useful in comparing the studied structures was proposed, based on the knowledge of the share of the pores' width within the adopted ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering & Technology) is the property of Nanchang University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dicle University Journal of Engineering / Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi is the property of Dicle Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Trabzon Hagia Sophia Mosque symbolizes significant cultural heritage with its historical diversity and distinctive architectural features. Today, this building is remarkable for its cultural transformation and historical layers. The study aims to address the transformation processes of the Hagia Sophia Mosque in the light of international conservation criteria, to understand the history of the building and to reveal the digital perspectives of this historical place. The study comprises a four-stage process: (1) investigating the building's history through a literature review, (2) obtaining visual and technical data through fieldwork, (3) conducting a transformation analysis and generating a three-dimensional measured model, and (4) providing evaluations and recommendations on the building's transformation and digital modeling in alignment with conservation criteria. The digital model of the building as a result of the study will be part of the preservation of such an important piece of cultural heritage for future generations. The study emphasizes the need for more effective integration of digital modeling techniques in conservation and documentation studies, extending from Hagia Sophia to various cultural heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal sensor placement for timber architecture heritage poses a significant challenge due to the unique structural types and complex monitoring purposes. In this study, a three-stage method is proposed, taking a courtyard-style heritage, built 133 years ago, as an example. First, a finite element model that accounted for the parameter randomness and initial damage was constructed using a genetic algorithm (GA) and experimental results. Second, a new weighted fitness function of logarithmic type was developed for multi-type sensors and multi-objective monitoring. Third, a novel genetic algorithm, Meta-GA, was proposed, introducing competition group mechanisms and gene libraries to improve optimal capability while maintaining computational efficiency. The Meta-GA is then compared to the other two optimization modes using seven indexes. Finally, damage detection capability was tested for the proposed three schemes at noise levels of 0%, 5%, and 10%. The results reveal that the proposed three-stage method with Meta-GA can provide the best solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Automation of detecting cracked surfaces on buildings or in any industrially manufactured products is emerging nowadays. Detection of the cracked surface is a challenging task for inspectors. Image-based automatic inspection of cracks can be very effective when compared to human eye inspection. With the advancement in deep learning techniques, by utilizing these methods the authors can create automation of work in a particular sector of various industries. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, an upgraded convolutional neural network-based crack detection method has been proposed. The dataset consists of 3,886 images which include cracked and non-cracked images. Further, these data have been split into training and validation data. To inspect the cracks more accurately, data augmentation was performed on the dataset, and regularization techniques have been utilized to reduce the overfitting problems. In this work, VGG19, Xception and Inception V3, along with Resnet50 V2 CNN architectures to train the data. Findings: A comparison between the trained models has been performed and from the obtained results, Xception performs better than other algorithms with 99.54% test accuracy. The results show detecting cracked regions and firm non-cracked regions is very efficient by the Xception algorithm. Originality/value: The proposed method can be way better back to an automatic inspection of cracks in buildings with different design patterns such as decorated historical monuments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Academy/ Kent Akademisi is the property of ICAM NETWORK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chiaia station is one of the art stations of Line 6 of the Naples underground network; it was constructed in a 50-m-deep excavation, a few meters from historic buildings and 4.5 m from the main façade of a sixteenth-century Basilica. The excavation, carried out partially in loose to medium dense sands overlying the soft rock formation of Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT), was supported by a retaining wall made of contiguous bored piles braced with internal struts and prestressed ground anchors. The excavation sequence was quite complex due to archeological findings and to the presence of anthropic cavities used over the centuries to quarry NYT blocks. One of the key goals of the design was to limit movements around the shaft to prevent damage in the historical buildings. Long-term monitoring data obtained during nearly 9 years confirm the success of the overall construction process. A rather complex three-dimensional (3D) finite-element model with constitutive relationships for both the upper sandy layers and the soft rock is presented in the paper; this model was adopted to back-analyze the data from the monitoring and explore the influence of some of the key features of the case study. The role of the building bending and shear stiffness, of the soft rock stiffness, and of further apparently minor issues—such as the seepage and the ground anchors' prestress—were investigated and discussed with the support of the model calculations. Observed settlements at the end of the excavation were in the range 10–15 mm, and in the long term they increased by 20%–50% to as much as 20 mm. The deflection ratios were very small, in the range 0.05‰–0.15‰ , and no visible damages to the buildings were recorded. These values were reproduced by the finite-element model only after the introduction of the relevant building stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the military operations taking place on the territory of Ukraine, thousands of buildings and structures have suffered significant damage and destruction. A substantial share of such buildings belongs to immovable cultural heritage sites, such as historical buildings of local and national significance; frequently, including educational institutions such as kindergartens, schools, lyceums etc. Damaged buildings are subject to restoration by repairing or strengthening their building structures, restoration, or conservation. There is a large number of repair materials and technologies for conducting restoration works, which are regulated by the requirements of DSTU B V.3.1-2:2016. However, while performing repair work on the structures of historical buildings, it is necessary to focus on the DSTU-NB B B.3.2-4 requirements. Among the most common types of damage to historical buildings caused by blast waves, splinters etc., are cracks in the masonry of wall structures and foundations; cracks in the joint of structures; knocking out fragments of masonry with damage to facing; damage to the elements of the floor and covering; systematic soaking of foundations etc. An essential aspect of restoring historical buildings is the maximum preservation of their historical and cultural significance with minimal interventions in the structure of structures and their appearance. The article considers modern methods of restoring the operational suitability of historical building elements, namely repair of cracks by injection and impregnation; strengthening the walls of buildings with the help of external reinforcement with carbon tapes and installation of high-strength rods in stone walls; restoration of stonework using special mixtures; strengthening of reinforced concrete and metal span elements with high-strength carbon fabrics, or lamellas (FRP); installation of waterproofing of walls subjected to systematic locking from the middle of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical buildings need to be preserved, shedding light on the history and culture of societies that have survived from the past to the present. These buildings may face the threat of extinction for various reasons. It is important to minimize these threats and transfer the building to future generations healthily. In this regard, traditional techniques or current technologies come to the fore. This study aims to investigate the use of "seismic control methods" in historical buildings, which have emerged as an important method of earthquake conservation in recent years. This study consists of two stages. In the first stage of the study, the legislation related to the conservation of cultural heritage was examined and the important parameters related to the consolidation and restoration of historical buildings were determined. Then, "seismic control methods" related to the strengthening of historical buildings against disasters were examined and the use of these methods in historical buildings was evaluated in terms of international legislation. In the second part of the study, fieldwork was carried out. 3 historical masonry buildings in the Palu district of Elazığ were selected as the study area. These historical masonry buildings are Palu Grand Mosque, Historical Palu Bridge and Cemsit Bey Kulliye. The applicability of seismic control methods in these historical buildings has been investigated in terms of legislation. In the evaluation stage of the study, to minimize the disaster risk of these historical buildings, other examples in the literature were examined and seismic control methods that can be used in historical buildings were determined. As a result of the study, it has been seen that seismic strengthening can be applied using seismic control systems in different historical buildings in Elazığ Palu in accordance with international legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city centre of Khiva (Uzbekistan), called Itchan Kala, is an architectural complex included in the UNESCO list of tangible cultural heritage. One of the historic buildings in it is the Juma Mosque. It has a simple rectangular structure, but is very large and has 213 deeply carved wooden columns supporting the roof. The article presents the process, problems, and their solutions resulting from the implementation of 3D laser scanning of such highly detailed and geometrically complex historical architectural objects in the conditions of normal tourist traffic. The optimisation of scanning positions, scanning in situ implementation, as well as the processing of the acquired data and the construction of a 3D mesh model of the mosque interior are presented. It is pointed out that scanning such objects with high accuracy and density of measurement points causes major technical problems related to the workload, and the huge volume of data acquired and processed. The possibilities of making the 3D model available in digital space for the purpose of researching the appearance and geometry of the mosque, its individual columns, as well as popularising the monument are also discussed. It is highly probable that the scanning of the Juma Mosque's interior presented here was carried out for the first time in history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the military operations taking place on the territory of Ukraine, thousands of buildings and structures have suffered significant damage and destruction. A substantial share of such buildings belongs to immovable cultural heritage sites, such as historical buildings of local and national significance; frequently, including educational institutions such as kindergartens, schools, lyceums etc. Damaged buildings are subject to restoration by repairing or strengthening their building structures, restoration, or conservation. There is a large number of repair materials and technologies for conducting restoration works, which are regulated by the requirements of DSTU B V.3.1-2:2016. However, while performing repair work on the structures of historical buildings, it is necessary to focus on the DSTU-NB B B.3.2-4 requirements. Among the most common types of damage to historical buildings caused by blast waves, splinters etc., are cracks in the masonry of wall structures and foundations; cracks in the joint of structures; knocking out fragments of masonry with damage to facing; damage to the elements of the floor and covering; systematic soaking of foundations etc. An essential aspect of restoring historical buildings is the maximum preservation of their historical and cultural significance with minimal interventions in the structure of structures and their appearance. The article considers modern methods of restoring the operational suitability of historical building elements, namely repair of cracks by injection and impregnation; strengthening the walls of buildings with the help of external reinforcement with carbon tapes and installation of highstrength rods in stone walls; restoration of stonework using special mixtures; strengthening of reinforced concrete and metal span elements with high-strength carbon fabrics, or lamellas (FRP); installation of waterproofing of walls subjected to systematic locking from the middle of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the limitations of current digital simulations for historical buildings, this paper suggests a specific technical task for the development of a simulation analysis platform based on City Intelligent Modelling (CIM). The objective is to establish a systematic approach for digitally maintaining and managing historical dwellings. The technique presented in this paper focuses on constructing sophisticated parametric models that offer numerous modelling benefits, allowing for convenient updates to the Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM). The text discusses various applications and integrations of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in urban planning, construction projects, and historic building renovations. CIM is presented as a comprehensive digital platform that visually represents cities, aiding urban planners in decision-making for sustainable development. The text delves into the use of advanced analytical tools within CIM for diverse data analysis, predictive modelling, and simulation to forecast trends. The focus shifts to the evolution of BIM, progressing from 3D to 5D models, influencing construction project management and cost estimation. The integration of BIM in historic building projects is explored, emphasising the challenges and proposing innovative solutions using HBIM. The paper also introduces the concept of Infrastructural Building Information Modelling (InfraBIM) in construction management, incorporating Virtual and Augmented Reality for enhanced visualisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grave structures are architectural works reflecting the cultural accumulation, continuity and political power of societies. In the context of sustainability, while "green building" certification systems are developing in building productions in the world, new guidelines are also being created. Of course, new guidelines are also being developed on the certification as green buildings within the scope of the protection and restoration of historical buildings that should be specially considered. In this study, it is aimed to create a model that will allow the historical buildings in Turkey to be evaluated in the context of “the green building” concept. With this model, it is considered that historical building conservation practices will contribute positively to the works of restorers in making those heritage sites more environmentally friendly and sustainable. For the model designed to evaluate historical buildings within the scope of green buildings, historical buildings were handled under 3 groups: a) 1st Group Historical Buildings, b) 2nd Group Historical Buildings and c) Reconstructed Historical Buildings. As creating the designed model, GBC-Italy system criteria were taken as the basis. The criteria were carried out by conducting a questionnaire with experts in this field. Importance of the relevant evaluation criteria in the scoring system were determined by using the AHP method. As a result of the analyzes and calculations, the accuracy of the scoring was confirmed. As historical buildings are evaluated according to the conditions of their periods, it is obvious that they are sustainable buildings. Naturally, nowadays to be able to preserve historical buildings for the future generations in a proper way is usually ensured by giving them a new function. The requirements of the new functions given to create the necessary equipment to provide today's comfort conditions in historical buildings naturally change the sustainable characteristics of the historical heritage. This evaluation system, designed to preserve the green building characteristics of historical buildings and to ensure their sustainability with their new functions, will be an important guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoration works in historical buildings, which have gained importance in Türkiye in recent years, have unique risks in terms of occupational safety. Employees in this sector are exposed to many different risks during the restoration of historical building projects, and ensuring occupational safety is an important problem for the sector. In order to find a solution to this problem, a comprehensive examination of historical building projects was made in terms of occupational safety during the restoration process. Within the scope of the study every stage of the three different restoration projects was examined in terms of occupational safety. In line with this research, job safety analysis was performed by dividing the steps in the restoration projects into groups. The risks in the construction sites were determined and precautions were presented to eliminate or reduce these risks. As a result, the risks that may occur during the restoration phase of a historical building are shown in detail together with the prevention methods. It is expected that if the stakeholders of restoration projects integrate the information presented into their occupational health and safety systems, it will contribute to the improvement in the processes and there will be a decrease in the frequency of work accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the materials used in historical buildings are ecological, they can lag behind today's building systems in terms of building performance values. This situation causes much more energy consumption in historical buildings. Not being able to reach the desired comfort level with excessive energy consumption causes negative effects in terms of ensuring the sustainability of these structures. Many studies are carried out in order to ensure energy efficiency, which is one of today's problems in historical buildings. However, the determination of low-cost energy efficient solutions with small interventions is important in terms of choosing the most appropriate methods. In this context, within the scope of the study, energy efficient applications from small interventions to larger interventions were selected in three historical buildings with different construction systems in different regions. The energy consumption data of these applications were obtained with the Design Builder program, and the energy and intervention application costs were calculated. The payback periods of the applications were determined with the calculated costs. Effective applications with reimbursement as soon as possible have been identified. As a result, applications that pay for themselves in a short time are presented as suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adaptive reuse of a historical building may require new additions to replace the demolished parts or accommodate the repurposed function. If this addition belongs to modern architecture, it is necessary to study the relationship between this new addition and the historical building in terms of its compatibility with the building without dissonance or distortion. The aim of the research is to identify recommendations for using contemporary addition. It focuses on the external formal characteristics of the addition (length, width, height, form, materials, color, open ratio and its Rhythm, and transparency). This process will be done by surveying architects who support the contrasting approach to determine the weight of external formal characteristics. It will also evaluate case studies regarding the degree of Compatibility between contemporary additions and Historical Buildings. Through analytical and comparative study, an assessment method will be developed based on points of similarity and contrast between an addition and a Historical Building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Idealkent: Journal of Urban Studies is the property of Idealkent and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking the main beams of historical buildings as the engineering background, existing theoretical research results related to influencing structural factors were used along with numerical simulation and data fusion methods to examine their integrity. Thus, the application of multifactor data fusion in the safety assessment of the main beams of historical buildings was performed. On the basis of existing structural safety assessment methods, neural networks and rough set theory were combined and applied to the safety assessment of the main beams of historical buildings. The bearing capacity of the main beams was divided into five levels according to the degree to which they met current requirements. The safety assessment database established by a Kohonen neural network was clustered. Thus, the specific evaluation indices corresponding to the five types of safety levels were presented. The rough neural network algorithm, integrating the rough set and neural network, was applied for data fusion with this database. The attribute reduction function of the rough set was used to reduce the input dimension of the neural network, which was trained, underwent a learning process, and then used for predictions. The trained neural network was applied for the safety assessment of the main beams of historical buildings, and six specific attribute index values corresponding to the main beams were directly input to obtain the current safety statuses of the buildings. Corresponding management suggestions were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Built heritage energy and environmental improvement is increasingly being recognised as a key driver in the fight against climate change. This effort necessitates a thorough understanding of the building to guide the selection of technologies and design solutions. To have a picture of the buildings' characteristics and behaviour that is as complete as possible, in situ studies are essential, although the complexities and heterogeneities of historical buildings make these analyses still challenging, especially in professional practice. To address these issues, the paper describes an integrated approach including the field application of Non-Destructive Techniques (namely, Heat Flow Meter measurements, Infrared thermographies and indoor environmental monitoring) within a Heritage Building Information Modelling process. This interdisciplinary/integrated approach fostered the use of each type of analysis's results to guide the subsequent analyses and incrementally deepen the knowledge of the building. The methodology was applied to a case study in the historical city centre of Rome in Italy. The analyses will be of service in developing dynamic building performance simulations to support the design of the interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors discussed the course in the subject of heritage protection, including the conservation of historic buildings and placing new objects within historically formed development, at the Faculty of Architecture of the Poznan University of Technology. The authors emphasise the importance of analysing the composition of historical buildings' elevations existing in the vicinity of the designed object. Capturing the main compositional structures and guidelines of the facades of historical objects is difficult, and hence the authors show different ways to achieve this, emphasising different ways of observing the object and graphically recording the layout of the composition and later using these effects in the design stage. The aim is to acquire and improve the ability to fit the designed object into its historic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) is a key indicator of the mechanical properties of a rock, particularly in the diagnostic and restoration phases when stones are employed as construction material. In historical buildings, it is important to determine UCS values without utilizing tests that involve destructive rock sampling. To estimate UCS, non-destructive techniques, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (Vp) and Schmidt hammer tests (R), can be combined to provide a useful tool. However, for architectural elements with complex morphology, it is sometimes impossible to perform both ultrasonic and sclerometric test. Three different UCS predictive models, one using R only, one using Vp and one using both, have been developed through regression techniques on a dataset comprising 45 Pietra Serena sandstone samples with varying levels of decay. The models were tested for their performance through Cross-Validation techniques and were then applied to a dataset of Vp and R values measured in situ on Pietra Serena corbels of balconies belonging to historical buildings in Florence (Italy). The specific predictive models were applied to real case studies, and the UCS of the rocks used in historical buildings was calculated, enabling the definition of the mechanical characteristics of building elements belonging to an important cultural context, Florentine historical architecture, without using destructive testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of structural masonry associated with geo-hydrological hazards in Cultural Heritage is a multidisciplinary issue, requiring consideration of several aspects including the characterization of used materials. On 25 May 2016, loss of water from the subterranean pipes and of the aqueduct caused an Arno riverbank failure damaging a 100 m long portion of the historical embankment wall of Lungarno Torrigiani in Florence. The historical masonry was built from 1854–1855 by Giuseppe Poggi and represents a historical example of an engineering approach to riverbank construction, composed of a scarp massive wall on foundation piles, with a rubble masonry internal core. The failure event caused only a cusp-shaped deformation to the wall without any shattering or toppling. A complete characterization of the mortars was performed to identify the technologies, raw materials and state of conservation in order to understand why the wall has not collapsed. Indeed, the mortars utilized influenced the structural behavior of masonry, and their characterization was fundamental to improve the knowledge of mechanical properties of civil architectural heritage walls. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the mortars from mineralogical–petrographic, physical and mechanical points of view, to evaluate the contribution of the materials to damage events. Moreover, the results of this study helped to identify compatible project solutions for the installation of hydraulically and statically functional structures to contain the riverbank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency in museums and buildings that house works of art or cultural heritage appears to be a difficult achievement if indoor air quality has to be kept at appropriate levels for artefacts' long-term sustainability. There is a gap in our scientific literature on the relationship between indoor air quality and energy efficiency, meaning that there are no numerical data that examine both of them simultaneously, although this is a theme that is broadly discussed by museum managers, curators, and scientists. It is certain that the two parameters, indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy efficiency (EEF) are conflicting and difficult to reconcile. Furthermore, IAQ is not only the determination of temperature, relative humidity, and CO2, as is usually presented. Using green or renewable energy does not make a building "energy efficient". Hence, in the manuscript we review the literature on IAQ of museums and exhibition buildings, in conjunction with the consideration of their EEF. Hopefully, reviewing the literature for this problem may lead to carefully designed monitoring experiments. The selection, application, and testing of appropriate technological measures can lead to a new balance between the two conflicting parameters. Not only must solutions be found, but these solutions are necessary in the mitigation battle against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, the study of the surface color of historical buildings has progressed as part of conservation and restoration efforts to comply with the aesthetics of historical and pre-existing materials. The main critical element related to this type of study is represented by the succession of various interventions of restoration and maintenance over time that has altered the original aesthetics of monuments by using materials and colors selected according to criteria, trends, and needs of succeeding historical eras. In this paper, the investigation of plasters and colored finishing layers applied on two historical buildings located in Rome and dating to the early 1900s is reported. Results were obtained through a specific diagnostic investigation plan focused on microscopic, morphological, and chemical characterizations of plasters and colored layers detected on the monument surfaces. All post-intervention phases and dates have been identified by comparing the results obtained with historical data. Important information was uncovered that helps in tracing the original aesthetic conception of the buildings and in planning restoration approaches which can be compatible both aesthetically and materially with the original work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe a new simple and efficient method of extracting DNA from filamentous fungi isolated from historical earthen walls. This method involves growing the mycelium on overlapping cellophane discs on solid medium and the disruption of the fungal cell wall by a combined action of liquid nitrogen and a lytic enzyme. The extraction is performed with the PureLink ™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit protocol from Pure Genomic. The full procedure can be completed in two hours. The new genomic DNA extraction protocol provided good quality and quantity of fungal DNA, from fungal mycelium, with an average yield of 27 ng/µL of DNA per sample. Purified DNA samples yielded 25 ng of DNA ready for sequencing. PCR amplifications of the DNA extracted using the new method were more successful than those extracted using the CTAB method. Thus this new extraction protocol is demonstrated to be an effective method for the identification of a wide range of filamentous fungal species that affect the integrity of buildings with earthen architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societies' values, cultural variety, and physical and intangible legacy are all being lost as a result of globalization, so, it is important to investigate how progress and legacy interact. Egypt has such a great legacy including the historical buildings that are considered to be a real gift. Unfortunately, most projects that aim at keeping those buildings were undertaken in the wrong way without adding real value. Those projects resulted in distorting the historical buildings. Mansoura City is considered one of the most beautiful cities in Egypt. It has such a great location on the river Nile, also it has a great number of historical buildings. All these buildings suffer from negligence and distortion. Although modern architecture has its features, it lacks the essence of Egyptian legacy. Rehabilitation allows the reutilizing of old depleted structures by assigning them new functions using new materials, and technologies, and introducing contemporary solutions to the historical buildings, without damaging their historical identity. By applying sustainable development opportunities and considering the requirements, the interrelationships between the historic areas and the urban context will achieve sustainable tourism and a conservation action plan for the historic surroundings of the Khedive Ismail palace, which has been considered one of the featured historical buildings in Mansoura city. The paper aims to provide steps or guidelines to achieve sustainable development of the rehabilitated building and improve the economic state through processes of rehabilitation of the building by using modern building technology and adding sophisticated elements that did not initially exist at the time of construction, and its architectural style. Examples of such features include smart systems technology and building management system, which can significantly contribute to the success of the building's economic rehabilitation and renovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Preservation of historical structures that have survived from the past to the present and their sustainability; It is possible with education, knowledge and ongoing care. Historical buildings have been damaged over time due to natural and artificial reasons. However, thanks to the craftsmanship of the period in which they were built, they have managed to reach the present day. It is very important to examine the current conditions of these structures, to determine the damage, to choose the most appropriate technique for repair and strengthening, and to make the necessary intervention in a timely manner. In this study, the Historical İplikçi Mosque in Konya was modeled with the finite element model in the SAP 2000 program. On the model, earthquake resistant design rules and calculation methods were compared according to the Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Earthquake Zones (06/03/2007) and Turkey Building Earthquake Regulation (18/03/2018). As a result of the study, it was seen that the calculation methods used with TBDY 2018 and the rules to be followed have changed and new building types were added. As a result of the analyzes obtained from the examined structure, it was seen that the structure did not meet the DBYBHY 2007 principles, but the TBDY 2018 principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the possibility of thermal comfort optimisation inside an office room where, due to historical heritage, it is possible to modify neither the energetic characteristic of the envelope nor the position of the inlet air vents. The distribution of global and local thermal comfort indices is evaluated in both heating and cooling conditions by establishing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model validated against experimental data. The obtained results demonstrate a striking asymmetry of the air velocity and temperature distribution due to the low energy efficiency of the building. In heating mode, the predicted mean vote ( P M V ) values were improved if the discharged air from the fan coil was at its maximal velocity. However, at the same time, the vertical air temperature gradient increased by around 0.5 ° C in each working station. In the cooling condition, in the absence of the solar radiation, the minimal air-flow rate satisfied the acceptable range of the draught rate ( D R ), whereas in the presence of a solar load, it could not meet the required cooling load in all positions, leading to higher floor temperature. The findings of this study allow for identifying and rearranging the optimal position of working stations in terms of thermal comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevant losses determined by recent earthquakes stressed the vulnerability of historical masonry constructions towards horizontal seismic actions, therefore highlighting the need for reliable approaches for the structural assessment and following retrofit. During the last decades, the scientific community has widely investigated the tools to analyse the performance of such structural typologies, resulting in a multitude of different methodologies depending on the building's features and the goal of the analysis. The task is particularly challenging because of the frequently limited knowledge concerning the state of the art and the high structural complexity due to overlapped construction phases. A general literature review of the methods adopted for the structural assessment of historical masonry buildings is proposed in the present paper. The methods are grouped according to the operational scale, providing an overview of the current state of the art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the implementation of a comprehensive strategy for the structural typification of historical buildings located in earthquake-prone regions using digital technologies such as HBIM and Augmented Reality. The paper starts by presenting a detailed analysis of a selected sample of case studies in Peru in which key structural and architectural features were identified, aiming at proposing a preliminary typological classification. This typification was then optimized by analyzing its application in a larger data set consisting of 311 churches located in the Central Andes region. This allowed formalizing 12 structural typologies, which demonstrated to have the potential to provide an accurate description of the geometrical, material, and structural characteristics of Andean churches. The paper underlines the importance of combining digital technologies and comprehensive engineering analyses for creating tools that will facilitate further structural evaluations and seismic vulnerability assessments at a territorial scale. For the study, these tools improved information management processes, analyses, and post-processing tasks, and facilitated communication and decision-making among stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GRID - Architecture, Planning & Design Journal is the property of GRID - Architecture, Planning & Design Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geografia is the property of Associacao de Geografia Teoretica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Timber is a widely used material in construction. The moisture content has a significant impact on the mechanical and physical properties of it. This paper studies how the moisture content values are directly connected to the climate conditions, especially temperature and relative humidity, by measuring these factors for a non-renovated historical timber roof for a one-year period, combined with meteorological data for Pécs since 1901. The fluctuation in moisture content values created instability in the water content of the structural elements due to absorption and release of water in order to reach the equivalent moisture content point. This process led to continuous volume increase-decrease of the timber, thus to formation of cracks, discoloration and harmful fungi development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the soil–structure interaction of three historical buildings at the University of Catania using ambient noise. The results point out the different oscillation modes of Villa Cerami and Palazzo Boscarino buildings sharing a side. They also show different damping values, which are probably linked to the different rigidities of the structures, since one is a masonry building and the other is a reinforced concrete building without earthquake-resistant design. Villa Zingali Tetto, a reinforced concrete building without earthquake-resistant design, showed significant torsional effects, which may be related to the geometrical and material irregularities of the structure. Comparison of the buildings' fundamental periods and site frequencies did not show potential soil–structure resonance effects. Modelling of the local seismic response confirms the obtained experimental site frequencies, suggesting that there are no important amplification factors. On the other hand, from both of the computed Spectral and Peak Ground Accelerations for an Mw 7.3 earthquake, intensity values were estimated for which Villa Cerami could suffer heavy structural damage, and Palazzo Boscarino and Villa Zingali Tetto very heavy non-structural damage. Additional engineering investigations, aimed at reducing seismic vulnerability, are necessary to improve the safety of these heritage buildings considering they are also used for educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic buildings constitute a specific group of buildings where the possibilities of improving energy efficiency and comfort are significantly limited because of the existing construction features and heritage values. Each building has a different history so the scope of renovation and/or retrofitting must be determined individually for each building. This article presents the methodology of measurement and diagnosis of features of particular importance for energy performance and comfort improvements, based on the example of a historic masonry building located in southern Poland. The first research question was which of the comfort conditions have been exceeded according to measurements. The second issue concerned the necessary extension of the basic determinants of comfort, beyond measurable qualities. A multi-faceted approach to the comfort assessment is proposed, including qualitative research that applies the additional criterion of aesthetic comfort. During the case study diagnosis, the acceptable level was exceeded in thermal, acoustic and aesthetic comfort. The first two may be addressed by optimized technical measures whilst the latter through a research-through-design that addresses the complex relationship between the perceiver and what the environment affords. The solution reflects the need to meet demands for retrofits that are energy-efficient and aesthetically pleasing while minimizing any negative impacts on the heritage and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türkiye Fotogrametri Dergisi is the property of Mersin University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ankara Studies / Ankara Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Sadberk Hanim Muzesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current energy crisis and the necessity to minimize energy waste suggest the need to assess non-air-conditioned buildings in terms of the need to install an air-conditioning system and to size and control it efficiently. This applies to historical museum buildings hosting artworks that require specific microclimate conditions for their preservation. With this view, this work analyzes the suitability of non-air-conditioned historical museum buildings to properly preserve exhibits. Therefore, two non-air-conditioned museums located in the historical city center of Florence, Italy, are considered as case studies, i.e., Vasari Corridor and La Specola. One year of indoor microclimate data monitored in representative rooms of the museums are analyzed according to the standard for artworks preservation and in terms of historical climate. Results of monitored indoor air temperature and relative humidity show that all monitored rooms are not suitable for the preservation of the exhibits without the installation of an air-conditioning system. However, to minimize the energy consumption, the hygrothermal control can be based on the observed historical climate that characterizes the environments, which presents acceptable preservation ranges much wider that the reference technical standard. In this way, the energy needs for the environmental control necessary to ensure the good conservation of the artworks can be significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]