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Emotional Eating is eating in response to negative emotional states, such as boredom, loneliness, or anxiety. For some young people, both food and alcohol are a source of pleasure in their social life. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-23 in the Health Sciences Faculty. Mediterranean Diet Adherence Test, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Yale Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale, and Anxiety Questionnaire STAI, were employed. Emotional eater (EE) regarding to no emotional eater (NEE) presented a mild food addiction, a significantly high intake of carbohydrates, fat, and alcohol. Energy intake is dependent on saturated fat, also they are not conscious of their intake of calories, had worse sleep quality, high perceived stress, and worse healthy eating index (HEI) due to their intake of sweets and soft drinks. The diet quality could be affected by the stress of the pandemic. The association of emotional eating with the intake of sweet foods and alcoholic drinks maybe is a remaining situation of COVID-19. We suppose that maladaptive eating behaviors have improved over time during this pandemic. Even though it is necessary to promote healthier eating among university students, it is also necessary to improve healthy habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global drug policy is currently dominated by great enthusiasm about human rights, including the idea that rights can generate less punitive approaches to drugs. But if human rights were an effective framework for the prevention of punitive approaches towards drugs, why haven't they prevented them previously? One possibility is that rights are less reliable for those society considers 'less than human'. In Western liberal contexts that valorise voluntarity, rationality, authenticity, and order, people who use drugs figure as compulsive, irrational, duplicitous and chaotic. Rights can reproduce these logics of abjection, including through the repetition of ideas about drugs and proper ways of being. A body of critical drug scholarship seeks to intervene in these constructions. This work mobilises 'habit' as an otherwise to 'addiction' and argues that habit is the foundation of realities. Habits, and thus realities, can be changed. This paper draws on these approaches to explore whether insights from critical drug scholarship can help to generate something after rights, made possible by new habits and modes of connection. To make this argument, we consider habits as a site of both repetition and rupture. We ask whether habits can help us rethink or disrupt rights, and the 'human' therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Smokers have a higher chance of developing peri-implant diseases and are therefore considered an at-risk population. Our aim was to compare peri-implant characteristics in users of electronic cigarettes (EC), waterpipes (WP), cigarettes (CS), smokeless tobacco (ST), and nonsmokers (nonusers of any nicotine and tobacco product; NS). Aims and Methods A systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL) was performed until April 2023, restricted to English language. Thirty-nine observational studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 32 studies were included in a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Using a predesigned form, two researchers independently collected data about marginal bone loss (MBL), probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index, bleeding on probing, modified plaque index, probing pocket depth > 4 mm (PPD > 4), gingival index, peri-implant sulcular fluid volume, and TNF-α and IL-1β levels. QUIPS and CINeMA were used to evaluate the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Results Nonsmokers had the smallest MBL. Most nicotine-containing product users had significantly higher MBL (CS, mean difference [MD]: 1.34 credible interval [CrI]: 0.85, 1.79; WP, MD: 1.58 CrI: 0.84, 2.35; ST, MD: 2.53, CrI: 1.20, 3.87) than NS. Electronic cigarettes did not show significant difference compared to NS (MD: 0.52 CrI: −0.33, 1.36). In secondary outcomes, NS were ranked in first place. Subset analysis based on smoking habit, implant duration, and maintenance control revealed no differences in ranking probability. Conclusions Most nicotine-containing product users presented worse peri-implant parameters compared to NS, while EC users did not show significant differences to NS in many outcomes. Implications Alternative nicotine-containing products are gaining popularity and are often considered less harmful by the general public compared to traditional cigarettes. This is the first network meta-analysis comparing users of four nicotine-containing products and NS. This study shows that CS, WP, and ST have a detrimental effect on the overall health of peri-implant tissues. EC users also presented inferior parameters compared to NS; however, the difference was not significant in many outcomes. It is essential to educate patients who are using nicotine-containing products, and to provide proper maintenance and appropriate cessation support. Well-designed multiarmed studies are needed for direct comparison of different products, including heated tobacco products. Greater transparency of confounding factors is needed regarding smoking habit and oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This field study set out to test whether consumers' history of making decisions in a particular choice context moderated the effectiveness of a nudge intervention to reduce meat consumption. In a Danish hospital canteen that served both staff members and visitors, a combination of nudges (Chef's recommendation sticker + prominent positioning) was implemented to promote vegetarian sandwiches. The sales of these sandwiches increased from 16.45% during the baseline period to 25.16% during the nudge intervention period. Most notably, this increase was caused by the visitors, who had weak location-bound preferences. Hospital staff members (who had strong location-bound preferences) were unaffected by the nudge in their choice. This is an important finding because the two consumer groups did not differ on their person-bound preferences for meat. It seems that behaviour change is best predicted by location-bound preferences, whereas the behaviour itself is best predicted by person-bound preferences. These findings can help organizations in estimating whether a nudge intervention has enough potential for behaviour change, or whether more directive policies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Aims: The present paper aimed at discussing how the process of decision‐making should be taken care of in healthcare services. Methods: This is a position paper based on a review of the relevant literature about meaning‐making processes in medical encounters and psychotherapy. Discussion: Authors argued that choice options could be perceived as meaningful by patients if their uncertainties were taken into account and grounded on mutual understanding and reciprocal trust. To this end, any decision‐making process should satisfy the patient's legitimate expectations by making choices and habits compatible. Conclusion: In depht analysis of meaning‐making processes is crucial for better refining good practices of shared decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe the goals, activities, and methods of EUMOVE project in developing a set of resources targeting both primary and secondary schools that allow the entire educational community to promote healthy lifestyles (HL). The EUMOVE project is an Erasmus+ program based in the Creating Active Schools (CAS) framework. The project lasted 3 years and was developed by 14 academic and non-governmental institutions from Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and the UK. EUMOVE was divided into three phases. In the first phase, several work packages were carried out aimed to ensure the coordination/management of the project activities. In the second phase, seven educational resources strengthened by rigorous scientific research were developed to promote HL from schools. During the last phase, all the resources were disseminated through scientific seminars, workshops with families and teachers, and the online promotion by the non-governmental institutions of each country. The EUMOVE project developed and promoted a smartphone APP, video/activity repository of physically active lessons, active break virtual platform, learning units, and parent/teachers/school-leaders' guidelines to promote physical activity, active commuting, active school playgrounds, healthy diet, and sleep habits. To our knowledge, EUMOVE is the first European project to provide a set of practical tools based on scientific evidence to help schools or future school-wide interventions implement a paradigm shift based on the CAS framework for the promotion of HL. Future research will need to investigate the implementation, effectiveness, and scalability of this proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental change must be addressed as an urgent matter that directly affects each one of us, rather than being viewed solely as a future concern. Indeed, when combined, the actions of individuals can make a significant difference in addressing the global climate crisis. To achieve this, besides raising awareness about the issue and the potential impact each individual can have, a collective endeavor is necessary. This entails a shift, ranging from subtle to substantial, in people's mindsets, behaviors, and habits concerning consumption, mobility, and other crucial facets of daily life. The design of interactive technologies, especially mobile applications, can play a pivotal role in this context. This is due to the growing dependence individuals have on these personal tools to enhance various aspects of their lives. Starting from an overview of key theories regarding human behaviors and habits, we examine insights gained from persuasive technologies, interventions targeting digital behavior change, nudges, and gamification. Subsequently, we formulate design guidelines for mobile applications with the objective of cultivating more sustainable behaviors and habits (referred to as SBAM—Sustainable Behavior Applications for Mobile devices). We prototype an exemplary mobile application compliant with the guidelines and validate them in terms of their expected efficacy in fostering sustainable behaviors and habits by means of a focus group with 9 green users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What differentiates personal safety habits of police officers who live with family and officers who live alone? The current explorative, qualitative study explores the personal safety habits and security measures of police officers in relation to their household composition. 30 police officers answered an online study and described their personal safety habits and security measures, which are then analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Five personal safety habits and two security measures are identified that aim to improve officer and household safety, and the failure to differentiate the personal safety habits and security measures between the officer groups are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caregivers play a crucial role in assessing the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aim: This study assessed the impact of sociodemographic and oral conditions on OHRQoL and family dynamics in young individuals with and without autism, as perceived by guardians. Design: This comparative cross‐sectional study included young individuals aged 6 to 14 years and their guardians. Data were collected at a specialized institution and dental schools. Guardians completed the Parental‐Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P‐CPQ), Family Impact Scale (FIS), and sociodemographic and oral habits questionnaires. The sociopsychological need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Results: The sample included 144 youths and caregivers. The ASD group had higher P‐CPQ and FIS scores. Factors associated with poorer perceived OHRQoL included higher youth age, lower caregiver education, higher IOTN scores, teeth clenching (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.41), and lip sucking. Lower parental education (RR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.10–2.80) and higher IOTN scores from the caregiver's perspective impacted family dynamics. Conclusion: Caregivers of young individuals with ASD perceived a lower OHRQoL, and families in this group were more affected by sociodemographic and oral conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adiposity is a chronic disease that must be treated from childhood. Despite the transcendence of improving habits, few interventions report their contribution to decreasing adiposity. Methods: This cohort enrolled children and teens of any gender, 8–18 years old, and with a body mass index (BMI) z-score of ≥1 into "Sacbe", a comprehensive program to identify which eating habits could reduce BMI z-score. The sample size calculated was 110 participants. We recorded anthropometric measures, clinical history, and habits. A clinically relevant reduction in BMI z-score was defined as ≥0.5 over 12 months or its equivalent according to the months of follow-up. Results: 58.2% were female, the median age was 12 years (range: 9.1–14.7), and the mean BMI z-score was 2.30 ± 0.83. The 82.7% achieved a reduced BMI z-score but 41.8% achieved a clinically relevant reduction with a median follow-up of 6.7 months. Eating out less than once per week was associated with this outcome, even after adjusting for energy intake, other eating patterns, sedentary screen time, physical activity, sleep duration, and sitting time (HR 2.12; 95% CI: 1.07–4.21). Conclusions: Eating out < once/week implicates less processed food exposition and better quality of food; this habit could be the most effective to reduce childhood adiposity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive a new theoretical model of money demand, which reflects backward‐ and forward‐looking preferences in consumption and utility. The former aspect is captured by standard habit formation, and the latter by anticipation of future consumption preferences. By introducing both of these into the Ramsey–Sidrauski framework, we unveil a new highly general model of money demand. We discuss the model in light of the apparent breakdown of money‐demand functions and diminished policy relevance of monetary aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cold water swimming is growing in popularity, especially among women. We have previously reported that women felt that cold water swimming helps with their menstrual and menopause symptoms. But little is known about the habits of women who cold water swim. Objectives: To determine the habits of women who cold water swim. Design: This was a mixed-methods study. Methods: An online survey asked women who cold water swim about their experience of swimming and how this affected their menstrual and menopause symptoms. The survey was advertised for 2 months on social media, with a focus on advertising in cold water swimming Facebook groups. In this article, only the questions on the women's swimming habits were analyzed. Results: The analysis of 1114 women, mainly from the United Kingdom, revealed that most had been swimming for 1–5 years (79.5%). Most swim in the sea (64.4%), and only 15.5% swim alone. The majority (89.0%) swim all year around, swimming for mainly 30–60 min in the summer and 5–15 min in the winter. The women mostly swim wearing swimming costumes (skins) throughout the year. The majority of the free-text responses showed women found mental and physical benefits from cold water swimming. Conclusion: It was not surprising to learn that women swim for longer in the summer than the winter, but hearing how they feel cold water swimming helps their physical and mental health is important. With the limitations on access and safety of many wild swimming sites in the United Kingdom, it is time to ensure that cold water swimming is safer and more supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joy is a central theme in Philippians. Joy is also a central emotional habit Paul deploys and encourages as a strategy for building community. In this paper, the examination of Philippians through recent developments in the neurocognitive study of emotions first illuminates how Paul cultivates emotional habits, like joy. Second, a neurocognitive approach to understanding emotions can explain how repeatedly choosing joy functions to alleviate suffering by restoring balance in the nervous system. Finally, shared emotional habits with the Philippian community, like shared somatic practices, build sustaining connections among the members. Intentional deployment of emotional practices, as Paul demonstrates and encourages in the Philippians, is a strategy for building the body of Christ. Such a neurocognitive understanding of emotional habits and bodily practices among community members in the Christ body points to a corporate experience of shared healing and neurocognitive resilience. Might we consider this somatic embodiment of shared emotions, what Paul calls "the same mind that is in Christ Jesus", also a participation in Christ's soteria (healing/salvation)? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between procrastination and declining healthy habits among adolescents, a topic lacking systematic reviews in the existing literature. The primary purpose is to lay the groundwork for promoting mental health and preventing procrastination as risky behavior. This systematic review examined five areas related to procrastination and its influence on healthy lifestyle habits in adolescents: technology and procrastination; sleep and procrastination; academic procrastination; and the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight that technology misuse is linked with procrastination; adolescents tend to procrastinate when going to sleep; academic procrastination negatively impacts long-term educational achievements, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this phenomenon. Ultimately, it is concluded that procrastination is related to all these aspects and has detrimental effects on adolescents' physical and psychological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving stress is a multifaceted phenomenon, and the experience of driving invokes stress. Driving causes the activation of stress-response mechanisms, leading to short-term and long-term stress responses resulting in physiological and behavioral changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate driving stress-initiated effects on orofacial functions and health behaviors in the Riyadh population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Riyadh using a pre-validated set of questionnaires for habitual information, a driving stress assessment using a driving-behavior inventory, and an assessment of parafunctional habits and effects on orofacial functions. The results indicate that nearly 50% of the sample spends more than two hours commuting, and more than 50% of the sample has inadequate sleep and insufficient exercise. Oral parafunctional habits like nail biting (p = 0.039) and lip or object biting (p = 0.029) had a significant correlation with aggressive driving behaviors, whereas the grinding of teeth (p = 0.011), the clenching of jaws (p = 0.048), lip or object biting (p = 0.018), and pain in mastication (p = 0.036) had a positive correlation with driving dislikes. Driving stress can be detrimental to one's health and not only impacts health behaviors but also induces oral parafunctional habits and adversely affects orofacial regions and functions. Acute driving stress responses may be transient. However, prolonged driving stress can be maladaptive and can increase the risk of chronic diseases including chronic temporomandibular joint disorders and parafunctional habit-related changes in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional health represents a significant burden on the mental health of university students. Adapting to a new learning environment and facing increased academic pressure make this period particularly vulnerable for their emotional health and well-being. The objective of the study was to analyse the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in university students and their association with lifestyle habits, and mental and physical health indicators. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1268 students (23.65 ± 7.84 years) from a university in northern Spain during November 2020 and March 2021. An online questionnaire was administered, comprising the self-report Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the SENTIA-Brief Scale, the KIDMED questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale. 27.60% of students exhibited some form of emotional and behavioural problem. Students who did not present emotional and behavioural problems showed lower perceived stress, reduced suicidal behaviour and emotional intelligence deficits, as well as lower alcohol consumption and compulsive internet use (p < 0.001). Additionally, they reported higher engagement in physical activity and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001). The study shows that emotional and behavioural problems are recurring among university students, and given that modifiable psychosocial and lifestyle factors are associated with these issues, it underscores the need to develop multidisciplinary intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental behaviors and attitudes are effective in health outcomes of children. Obesity among children has been found to be related with limited nutrition knowledge and unhealthy eating and habits. Therefore, this study identified the causes and factors associated with obesity among children and revealed their own routines from the perspective of mothers. Content analysis was used in the current qualitative research. Potential and eligible participants were selected by visiting four preschool centers in Sarab, Iran. The height and weight of 113 children aged 5–6 years were measured by standard scales, along with calculating their body mass index. The mothers of children at or above the 50th percentile were invited to appointments for interviews in the preschool centers. Then, 37 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were carried out with mothers and analyzed by two independent researchers manually. The factors associated with obesity in preschool children were categorized into four main themes, including insufficient physical activity, poor perception of body weight, unhealthy behavioral habits, and genetic factors. The mothers did not consider their children at risk of becoming overweight, as their perceived sensitivity was low. The results of this study can be supportive in designing family and parent-centered interventions to control obesity among children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogía Social is the property of Pedagogia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Development of effective public health interventions represents the only viable option for decreasing the prevalence of childhood obesity. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a school-based "PETICA—Play for Health" obesity prevention program in urban and rural areas in Croatia. Methods: This before-and-after study included 28 elementary schools in Croatia focused on pupils (n = 753, 2nd grade) and their guardians (n = 753) during the school year 2022/2023. "PETICA" multicomponent lessons and workshops (10) were implemented in the school curriculum and home settings (parents) as part of the intervention. Knowledge and lifestyle habit changes were evaluated via the questionnaire on knowledge and habits regarding nutrition and physical activity pre-/post-education. The Wilcoxon test for paired samples, Student's t-test (dependent and independent samples), multiple Mann Whitney U tests (p < 0.05), Spearman's correlation, and heatmaps were used. Results: The analysis showed a significant increase in acquired knowledge among pupils (both settings) and habits in the rural setting (increase in sports activities participation, breakfast, and vegetables consumption (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.004)), decrease of sweets and salty snacks intake (p = 0.027, p = 0.011), and also, the link between parents' and children's physical activity levels (p = 0.028 vs. p = 0.022), emphasizing the importance of parents as healthy lifestyle role-models. Conclusion: The study shows that "PETICA" is an efficient school-based educational model that contributes to positive changes in children's knowledge and lifestyle habits that are a prerequisite for childhood obesity prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a redefinition of successful teaching and learning within Australia's evolving educational system, framed by the context of global economic, societal, and environmental changes. It highlights the interconnectedness of these shifts with the Australian education system and introduces six essential habits of practice that can effectively prepare learners to navigate and shape their futures. To ensure the success of education in Australia, it is critical not only to respond to current challenges but also to equip students with the ability to make contributions to society, the economy, and the environment. The paper emphasises the importance of embedding these six habits into educational practices, which are critical for fostering the necessary skills, knowledge, and values in students. Furthermore, it discusses how the economic, social, and environmental contexts of Australia will demand specific capabilities from individuals, which can be nurtured through targeted educational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how fourth graders collaborate when working on an engineering project. Specifically, what are habits that fourth graders exhibit when working together successfully? Acting as a participant-researcher, I compared the habits of eight fourth-grade students (two groups) in a rural classroom by video-recording the students collaborating on an engineering project. The results showed that the biggest indicator of success was using inclusive language such as 'we' and 'ours.' This article emphasizes the difference between groups' use of the word "I" and the word "we." I then replicated these findings with a subsequent fourth-grade class. I suggest that we, as educators, can explicitly teach our students to use more inclusive language when collaborating. The inclusive language may help students be more successful when working on all kinds of projects, including science and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fitness trackers are increasingly used by their wearers to monitor and optimise their exercise, health, and well-being. What is usually not considered is the role our interoceptive sense, the sense for inner-bodily processes, plays in the interpretation of body data and the formation of habits. By including neuroscientific research, perspectives from pragmatist philosophy, and science and technology studies into the analysis of self-tracking devices, this article will give a perspective on the scope and the effects of the involvement of the interoceptive sense in self-tracking practices. By offering a critical analysis of the contextualisation of experience through self-tracking devices, this article will argue that interoceptive awareness provides the context to make sense of body data. I propose here that paying greater attention to how interoception is involved in the mediation of bodily processes and activities through tracking devices can give novel insights into self-tracking as an embodied and affective practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between the habits of young adults in the use of information technologies and the cognitive processes involved in learning. It was found that information technologies have become an irreplaceable part of modern education, offering vast opportunities to access information and resources, thus promoting the learning of young adults. A large research phase was held to qualitatively analyze the impact of expert interviews on information technology usage habits on young adults' cognitive processes and to investigate the changes it can create in the learning process. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews withopen-ended questions. At the end of the research stage, it was found that using information technology in the learning process has positive and negative consequences, as it has changed the way knowledge is acquired and has made information accessible; however, the use of technology creates an illusion that a person is able to multitask. Learning with the help of information technology reduces the visual perception field; moreover, under its influence, a different attitude towards time and the pace of life arises, creating a feeling of lacking time. Various cognitive, emotional, and social disorders intensify; directly affecting young adults' well-being. This study highlights the importance of the interaction of information technology usage habits and cognitive processes in the learning of young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with substance use disorders often have unhealthy diets, high in sweets and processed foods but low in nutritious items like fruits and vegetables, increasing noncommunicable disease risks. This study investigates healthy eating perceptions and barriers among individuals with opioid use disorder undergoing opioid agonist therapy. Interviews with 14 participants at opioid agonist therapy clinics in Western Norway, using a semi-structured guide and systematic text condensation for analysis, reveal that most participants view their diet as inadequate and express a desire to improve for better health. Barriers to healthy eating included oral health problems, smoking habits, and limited social relations, while economic factors were less of a concern for the participants. Participants did find healthy eating easier when they were in social settings. This study underscores the importance of understanding and addressing these barriers and facilitators to foster healthier eating patterns in this population, potentially enhancing overall health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espaço do Currículo is the property of Revista Espaco do Curriculo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The lack of a healthcare system is one of the serious problems among the Koragas. The Koraga tribal community in the Kasargod district has a community health center in the area, but it lacks advanced medical and dental facilities, making it difficult for them to seek treatment in the few private hospitals in the area due to their economic backwardness. The Malavettuvan tribes are distributed only in the ghat areas of the Kasaragod District of Kerala. Their major occupation is agriculture, and they are educationally, economically, and socially backward. Aim: To compare the periodontal status of the Koraga and Malavettuvan tribes of the Kasargod district. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 304 participants from both Koraga and Malavettuvan tribes aged 35-55 years. Clinical parameters such as the oral hygiene index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and loss of attachment were measured. A questionnaire was used to assess the oral hygiene habits, lifestyle, and other habits of the populations. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The results of the present study showed a significant difference in the oral hygiene index (Median OHI of Koraga-0.40, Malavettuvan-1.20 respectively, p-value <0.001) and CPI (Median CPI of Koraga-0.60, Malavettuvan-1.50, respectively, p-value <0.001) between both groups, while there was no difference in the loss of attachment (p-value-0.991). The majority of the Koragas and Malavettuvans used toothbrush and toothpaste as cleaning aids (70.06% and 78.28%, respectively). Smokeless tobacco was prevalent among Koragas compared to Malavettuvans (36.18% and 29.60%, respectively), while cigarette smoking was more common among Malavettuvans (50.98% and 42.10% for Koragas and Malavettuvans, respectively). Conclusion: Even though the Koragas and Malavettuvans do not routinely seek dental care and have a primitive lifestyle with less formal education, a lower level of periodontal disease was observed among both groups. There is a need to promote more healthcare programs that emphasise oral health among these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This cross‐sectional study analyzed the socio‐psychological need for orthodontic treatment in children and adolescents with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its association with deleterious oral habits. Methods: Children/adolescents aged 6–14 years old, with and without ASD, and their respective caregivers were included. Caregivers completed a questionnaire addressing children and adolescents' deleterious oral habits. To assess the socio‐psychological need for orthodontic treatment, we utilized the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN). Caregivers and an orthodontist independently used the standardized IOTN aesthetic attractiveness scale containing ten intraoral photographs and compared them with the most similar condition of the child/adolescent. Data collection occurred at two universities in northeastern Brazil and at an ASD referral center. Statistical analyses encompassed descriptive statistics, Shapiro‐Wilk, Kruskal‐Wallis, Mann‐Whitney, and Chi‐squared tests with linear trend (α5%). Results: The study involved 144 participants, evenly divided into two groups (ASD and non‐ASN). The ASD group showed higher average IOTN‐AC scores as evaluated by both professionals (mean score = 4.78 [± 2.34], p =.182) and caregivers (mean score = 4.31 [± 2.71], p =.992). Caregivers reported notably elevated IOTN‐AC scores in cases where onychophagy was absent (p =.049). Conclusions: Patients with ASD are indicated as having a relatively higher socio‐psychological need for orthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Bioethics / Revue canadienne de bioéthique is the property of Ecole de Sante Publique de l'Universite de Montreal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human behavior consists in large parts of action sequences that are often repeated in mostly the same way. Through extensive repetition, sequential responses become automatic or habitual, but our environment often confronts us with events to which we have to react flexibly and in a goal-directed manner. To assess how implicitly learned action sequences interfere with goal-directed control, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm in which we combined action sequence learning through repetition with a goal-directed task component. So-called dual-target trials require the goal-directed selection of the response with the highest reward probability in a fast succession of trials with short response deadlines. Importantly, the response primed by the learned action sequence is sometimes different from that required by the goal-directed task. As expected, we found that participants learned the action sequence through repetition, as evidenced by reduced reaction times (RT) and error rates (ER), while still acting in a goal-directed manner in dual-target trials. Specifically, we found that the learned action sequence biased choices in the goal-directed task toward the sequential response, and this effect was more pronounced the better individuals had learned the sequence. Our novel task may help shed light on the acquisition of automatic behavioral patterns and habits through extensive repetition, allows to assess positive features of habitual behavior (e.g., increased response speed and reduced error rates), and importantly also the interaction of habitual and goal-directed behaviors under time pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a model of association rules with machine learning in determining user habits on social media The object of the research is the habits of social media users. The problem in this research is that there is a lot of data spread across social media platforms ranging from image data, text data to audio data, making it difficult to identify starting from user behavior patterns, user interest in certain things and user habits. This research aims to explore scattered text data as text data has not been analyzed deeply in terms of word structure, thus concealing a lot of information and making it difficult to conduct analysis to determine user patterns and behavior on social media. The results obtained from this research are in the form of analysis and models that can identify and understand user patterns and behavior on social media using association rules and machine learning approaches. In applying the association technique, an a priori algorithm is used, which in the process determines all text data into item sets so that it can identify the habits of social media users and in the machine learning process there is a model formation process so that the results can be compared. There are several stages in the process of determining user habits, such as cleaning data, changing unstructured data to structured, then going through the rule association stage using an a priori algorithm applied to social media data so that the relationship can be seen between words. After that, machine learning is applied so that comparisons occur in seeing the relationships between words. This is new research in producing a model to identify user behavior using association rules and machine learning so that it can be used to map positive, negative or neutral user behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Fluminensis is the property of Croatian Medical Association, Rijeka Branch & Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the leading drug addiction theories states that habits and the underlying neural process of a ventral to dorsal striatal shift are the building blocks of compulsive drug‐seeking behaviour and that compulsion is the maladaptive persistence of responding despite adverse consequences. Here we discuss that compulsive behaviour as defined primarily from the perspective of animal experimentation falls short of the clinical phenomena and their neurobiological correlates. Thus for the human condition, the concept of compulsive habits should be critically addressed and potentially revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services compiled a group of wellness toolkits to help find each person's healthiest self. These toolkits highlight evidence-based tips for living well and improving health. The toolkits include interactive flip cards, checklists, and downloadable content to learn strategies for increasing wellness. The goal of these toolkits is to recognize the different bodies, minds, living situations, and people influencing the lives of the people in the United States and to provide ways in each area to positively impact overall health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Habits are a prominent feature of both adaptive and maladaptive behavior. Yet, despite substantial research efforts, there are currently no well-established experimental procedures for habit induction in humans. It is likely that laboratory experimental settings, as well as the session-based structure typically used in controlled experiments (also outside the lab), impose serious constraints on studying habits and other effects that are sensitive to context, motivation, and training duration and frequency. To overcome these challenges, we devised a unique real-world free-operant task structure, implemented through a novel smartphone application, whereby participants could freely enter the app (24 hours a day, 7 days a week) to win rewards. This procedure is free of typical laboratory constraints, yet well controlled. Using the canonical sensitivity to outcome devaluation criterion, we successfully demonstrated habit formation as a function of training duration, a long-standing challenge in the field. Additionally, we show a positive relationship between multiple facets of engagement/motivation and goal-directedness. We suggest that our novel paradigm can be used to study the neurobehavioral and psychological mechanism underlying habits in humans. Moreover, the real-world free-operant framework can potentially be used to examine other instrumental behavior-related questions, with greater face validity in naturalistic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the need for improving teachers' online teaching skills. One skill was using electronic portfolio assessment. Electronic portfolio assessment as an alternative assessment does not only focus on cognitive aspects but also is in line with the regulations of the Ministry of Education regarding the assessment of learning outcomes that focus not only on cognitive aspects but also on aspects of skills and attitudes. This study aimed to develop a framework for electronic portfolio assessment to improve students' habits of mind and mastery of chemical studies concepts. We conducted a literature review to identify, categorize, synthesize and develop a framwork. This offers chemistry teachers a model for systematically designing and implementing an electronic portfolio of assessments and provides them with the instruments to conduct further research on assessment techniques. This framework guides chemistry teachers through important technical decisions, such as setting goals, identifying clear goals and establishing meaningful criteria for electronic portfolio assessment. Other issues discussed include defining the content of the electronic portfolio, managing the electronic portfolio, and monitoring and evaluating processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Self-perception of health serves as an important marker for both morbidity and mortality, and it is subject to various influences, including cultural, psychological, and social factors. In their daily lives, young individuals are constantly exposed to opportunities for altering their lifestyles either positively or negatively. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to examine the association between lifestyles and self-assessment of health among Peruvian adults aged 18 to 23 years. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted utilizing a secondary database, specifically the “Young Lives” Round 5 dataset for Peru. Our sample consisted of 595 young adults aged between 18 and 23 years. To assess their lifestyles, we utilized indicators such as physical activity, hours of sleep, alcohol consumption, and tobacco consumption. These lifestyle factors were then associated with the variable of “self-assessed health”. Additionally, we analyzed other variables, including the sociodemographic characteristics of the evaluated population. Results: We found that 24.37% of the sample rated their health as good. Several factors were identified as being associated with a positive self-assessment of health. These factors included being male (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-2.94), engaging in regular physical activity (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02-2.23), sleeping for 7 to 8 hours (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01-2.81), and occasionally smoking (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.002-4.11). Conclusions: Engaging in physical activity, getting 7 to 8 hours of sleep, and occasional smoking have been found to be associated with a positive self-assessment of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Primary breast augmentation is one of the most sought-after procedures in cosmetic surgery. It is generally related to a high degree of patient satisfaction, but it is not always obvious which factors have greater influence on patient satisfaction. Objectives The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate how anthropometric, psychological, and social parameters, in association with the main surgical variables, influenced patients' satisfaction with their breasts after surgery. Methods Patients undergoing primary breast augmentation between October 2018 and February 2022, who completed a 12-month follow-up without complications, were enrolled in the study. For each patient we recorded: BMI, pinch test (upper pole of the breast), surgical access, implant pocket, implant volume, bra size increase, age, smoking habit, civil status, education level, pregnancies, and psychiatric disorders. Each variable was statistically correlated with patient's satisfaction, assessed by BREAST-Q questionnaire preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Results Analyzing the data of the 131 patients, we found 3 factors affecting their satisfaction (P <.05); BMI: underweight patients were less satisfied than normal and overweight patients; pinch test: patients with a pinch test >2 cm were more satisfied; volume of the implant and bra size increase: patients with implant volume <300 cc and a less than 2 bra size increase were less satisfied than patients with larger augmentation. Conclusions BMI, pinch test, implant volume, and extent of volumetric enhancement should be taken into careful consideration by the surgeon during preoperative consultation and surgical planning, because they can be critical to patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduate students can be susceptible to exhaustion and burnout. The primary aim of this study was to determine the proportion of time occupational therapy doctoral (OTD) students spend engaged in work, daily living tasks, recreation, and rest. The Occupational Questionnaire was distributed to OTD students. OTD students spent most of their time (38–44%) engaged in work. The percentage of time spent engaged in work by OTD students is approximately double the time they spent in the areas of rest, daily living tasks, or recreation. This study was cross-sectional, data must be interpreted cautiously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Temperament has long been described as the biological dimension of personality. Due to advancing brain-imaging technology, our understanding of temperament has deepened and transformed over the last 25 years. Temperament combines genetic, neurobiological and trait research. Temperament has been included peripherally in some eating disorder (ED) treatment approaches but has been ignored by most. Temperament fills a fundamental treatment gap by clarifying who is more vulnerable to develop ED and why some individuals are susceptible to specific ED symptoms while others are not. In addition, temperament targets possible treatment solutions. Main text: There is a need for a novel model that incorporates and explores the role of temperament in ED treatment intervention. This paper is a metaphoric temperament model to inform treatment intervention. It describes how temperament traits influences new decisions which impact new behavioural responses. In turn, it neurobiologically tracks how and why the brain efficiently transforms new decisions into new habits. This model integrates both temperament and habit research to explore (a) what temperament is; (b) how new decisions develop into habits neurobiologically; (c) that the brain wires destructive symptoms into habits in the same way that it wires healthy/productive behaviours into habits; (d) traits that trigger ED symptoms are the same traits that influence productive behaviours; and in regard to treatment implications (e) when treatment structure and intervention target client temperaments, the potential for new healthy "trait-syntonic" habits could develop. Conclusions: This paper introduces a metaphoric model that synthesizes and integrates temperament neurobiological and trait findings with ED symptoms, habits, and client trait-based solutions. The model synthesizes and integrates different research domains to establish a brain-based foundation to inform treatment intervention. The model targets clients' temperament traits as central collections of innate self-expressions that could be utilized as tools to redirect client trait-syntonic ED responses into trait-syntonic productive outcomes. The brain bases of temperament and habit formation serve as a biological foundation for ED treatment intervention. Plain English summary: Temperament is the biological, or brain-basis of our personality. It defines who we are and who we are not. Temperament influences how each person thinks, feels, and responds differently. Traits are one's natural personality expressions. For example a person may have natural tendencies, or traits, to be extroverted and determined. A person could express the same traits differently ranging from healthy/productive through unhealthy/destructive responses. Research has found that some traits, when expressed in destructive ways, influence the development of eating disorder symptoms. Some of those traits include perfectionism, impulsivity, and anxiety. However, these very same traits could be expressed in productive ways. In essence, traits are the biological triggers beneath one's responses and set the stage for productive to destructive habitual behaviours. Persons cannot eliminate their traits, but they can express them differently. Treatment could capitalize on client traits to help clients explore productive responses instead of turning to destructive habitual symptoms. Productive habits that are aligned with one's traits could more naturally persist and form long-term habits. Working with a client's temperament, verses overlooking it, holds hope for habitual productive change to replace ED symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increased moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes for people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC). This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures in a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a theory‐driven app‐based intervention with behavioural support focused on promoting brisk walking (a form of MVPA) in people LWBC (APPROACH). Methods: Participants diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer were recruited from a single UK hospital site. Assessments at baseline and 3 months included online questionnaires, device‐measured brisk walking (activPAL accelerometer) and self‐reported weight and height. Participants were randomised to intervention or control (care as usual). The intervention comprised a non‐cancer‐specific app to promote brisk walking (National Health Service 'Active 10') augmented with print information about habit formation, a walking planner and two behavioural support telephone calls. Feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures were explored. Initial estimates for physical activity informed a power calculation for a phase III RCT. A preliminary health economics analysis was conducted. Results: Of those medically eligible, 369/577 (64%) were willing to answer further eligibility questions and 90/148 (61%) of those eligible were enrolled. Feasibility outcomes, including retention (97%), assessment completion rates (>86%) and app download rates in the intervention group (96%), suggest that the trial procedures are acceptable and that the intervention is feasible. The phase III RCT will require 472 participants to be randomised. As expected, the preliminary health economic analyses indicate a high level of uncertainty around the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates that a large trial of the brisk walking intervention with behavioural support is both feasible and acceptable to people LWBC. The results support progression onto a confirmatory phase III trial to determine the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overweight and obesity in adolescents has become a serious public health problem worldwide and Mexico City is no exception. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological panorama of overweight and obesity related to eating habits, physical activity and the concurrent presence of depression and anxiety in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Anthropometric measurements were taken from 2710 adolescents from 33 participating high schools. Likewise, a previously validated eating habit and physical activity questionnaire was administered, which consisted of four different sections, where each of the sections focused on key aspects of the participants' lifestyle: (1) eating habits, (2) intake of non-recommended foods, (3) food and company environment, and (4) physical activity. Moreover, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression was applied. In this study, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (26.5% overweight and 20.0% obese) was found in adolescents from high schools in Mexico City. Only 13.14% of participants had adequate eating habits and 18.19% physical activity habits. An association was found between having inadequate eating habits and obesity in adolescent women (OR = 1.95; CI 1.009–3.76). Additionally, associations were observed between depression symptoms and obesity (OR = 5.68, CI 1.36–32.81; p = 0.01), while anxiety was associated with underweight and obesity adjusted by other dietary habits and psychological factors. Therefore, it is important to identify adolescents with overweight or obesity and establish prevention strategies for weight control in this age group, promoting healthy eating, physical activity and education in mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To encourage and facilitate consumer engagement, marketers may incorporate streaks into their social media platforms, apps, loyalty programs, and other marketing tools. To build an understanding of the phenomenon, the current research examines activity streaks. With a theories-in-use approach, we first define an activity streak. We then differentiate activity streaks from other forms of patterned behavior, including winning and lucky streaks, habits, and collections. With survey, experimental, and field data, we investigate factors that impact one's commitment to an activity streak. We find that streak commitment is a positive function of individual differences, including the activity's identity relevance to the actor, beliefs about self-improvement resulting from the activity, and the actor's personal need for structure, and marketer-controlled elements, including structuring the streak as a daily (versus cumulative) task, presenting the streak as a short-term (versus indefinite) goal, and allowing the actor to keep the streak private (versus sharing with others). These findings lead to a deeper understanding of streaks, provide practical implications for marketers, and highlight opportunities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy behaviours are more prevalent in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups. Sociological attempts to explain the socioeconomic patterning of health-related behaviour typically draw on practice theories, as well as on the concept of lifestyles. When accounting for "sticky" habits and social structures, studies often ignore individuals' capacity for reflection. The opposite is also true: research on individual-level factors has difficulty with the social determinants of behaviour. We argue that the pragmatist concept of habit is not only a precursor to practice theories but also offers a dynamic and action-oriented understanding of the mechanisms that "recruit" individuals to health-related practices. In pragmatism, habits are not merely repetitive behaviours, but creative solutions to problems confronted in everyday life and reflect individuals' relationships to the material and social world around them. Ideally, the pragmatist conception of habits lays the theoretical ground for efficient prevention of and effective support for behaviour change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the recent attempts to create a medical technique and a scientific object of knowledge out of 'mindfulness', paying particular attention to the paradoxical implications of these attempts for biosocial theorizing. The author compares the scholarly and non-scholarly works of mindfulness therapists to understand how they introduce their practice to the medical/scientific community and their clients. This comparison reveals that 'mindfulness' is translated differently in these two realms, as a bio-neurological process in the former and an ethical practice in the latter. Mindfulness therapy is made possible by the linking together of these different translations, which results in a paradoxical relationship to modern medicine and biosocial disciplines. Whereas in most contemporary biosocial theories, 'mindless' (automated) processes are considered as being essential to the 'normal' functioning of both biologic and social life, in mindfulness therapy 'mindlessness' and socially induced habits are viewed as obstacles to one's wellbeing. Thus, mindfulness therapy challenges some of the fundamental assumptions of biosocial sciences about 'normality', while seeking recognition in the world of those very sciences by adopting their methodology. Ultimately, this paradoxical attitude gives mindfulness therapy a capacity to both serve and resist the biopolitical interests underlying modern therapeutic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality sleep is predominantly considered as a significant aspect of our day today activity. Management students are constantly buffeted with challenging tasks as a part of their ongoing pedagogy. Often there are instances wherein the sleep is distorted due to few unprecedented activities. The research work makes an attempt, through in-depth review of literature in understanding the various antecedents that can to be considered as disturbance for quality of sleep. The internal consistency of the questionnaire is assessed through test of reliability. Hypothesis testing is computed in understanding the differences of opinion if any through parametric tests. The dimensions are framed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The attributes are collapsed into six different constructs through dimension reduction technique using R Programming. The influence of the independent attributes on the aspect of obstructive sleep is assessed through multivariate regression analysis (Structural Equation Model) using AMOS. Off all the antecedents the attributes confining the dimension of lifestyle and health are identified to be of high relevance. The stance is further substantiated through formulation of decision tree model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss the formation of habits with the help of self-tracking technologies. Although devices like Fitbit smart bands come with promises of empowerment through the means of increased control over users’ habits, existing literature does not provide conclusive findings about the validity of such claims. I contribute to the ongoing debate by relying on John Dewey’s pragmatist philosophy and its notion of intelligent habit. I demonstrate that from a pragmatist standpoint, habits that are the most likely to accomplish users’ goals contribute to their flourishing need to be reflective (accompanied by adequate deliberation) and flexible (adaptable to the changing circumstances). On this basis I highlight some ethical-epistemic issues surrounding self-tracking technologies that inhibit the formation of habits desirable from a Deweyan standpoint. These include a lack of reflection on the part of the developers, difficulties for users to deliberate and consciously shape the habits developed by their devices, and dependence upon self-tracking tools that makes it difficult to adapt habits to individual needs and circumstances. I conclude the paper by discussing self-tracking’s general impact on flourishing, as well as placing my arguments in the context of the diversity of self-tracking practices and identifying how users attempt to alleviate the shortcomings of the technology and make it more suitable to their goals and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]