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The impact of the uncertainty of the environment on the financial and economic sustainability of Russian enterprises is examined in the article. The analysis of the dynamics of the basic indicators of activity of Russian enterprises and identify of the relationships between the waves of the global economic crisis and these parameters allowed authors to predict the main trends of development of the Russian economy. On the basis of the analysis of trends of indicators of functioning of enterprises, the problems caused by fluctuations in the external environment were formulated from the point of view of stability of the enterprise. In order to control the stability of the economic entity, the authors suggest grading the perturbing factors affecting on the economy of the enterprise, depending on the level of their occurrence: micro, mini, meso and macro. Additionally, the necessity of development and application of probabilistic and statistical models in the analysis of financial and economic stability of Russian enterprises, which is especially important during the global economic crisis, is justified in the article. The analysis and suggested methodical approaches to increase of stability of Russian enterprises are the basis for stable sustainable economic growth, as individual subjects of the economy of the country and the economy as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]