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The nature and directions of changes in the state of water bodies of the territory, for a long time (50 60 years) adjacent to the storage areas of mining waste (dumps) and enrichment (tailings) of iron ore raw materials, have been studied. It has been established that dumps and tailings are sources of the adjacent territories’ intense hydrosphere chemical pollution with highly mineralized filtrates. The most intense pollution and increase in groundwater levels at all horizons occurs in the first 10-15 years. In the future, in proportion to the service life of man-made structures, the area and level of chemical pollution of surface and underground water bodies increases, hydrogeological processes are increasing: flooding of lands, landslides, sinkholes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study, which was carried out in 2022 in the Advanced Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Girls College of Education, University of Kufa, was to determine how well the fungus filtrates of Alternaria alternata affected the mortality percentages of house fly larvae and pupae, Musca domistica. The results indicated an increase in the mortality percentages of larvae in the first and third instar of the house fly, Musca domistica with increasing concentrations used. In the study, the highest mortality percentages were recorded after three days of treatment with a concentration of 10% (100 and 85%) in the first and third instar larvae, respectively. The effect of the fungus filtrates on some biological aspects when treating the third instar larvae of houseflies, as it led to a decrease in pupation percentages to 15% when treating pupae with a concentration of % 10, and the pupal deformation percentages to 10% and a decrease in adult emergency percentages to 0%. when treating pupae with the fungus filtrates of Alternaria alternata at a concentration of 10 %, which increased the pupal deformation to 80% and decreased adult emergency percentages to 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cheapest and also the most unsophisticated way to attain potable water from the brackish water normally available at the taps is reverse osmosis process. Today there is strong need for appropriately treated wastewater to protect the environment and to ensure that freshwater is available for all applications. Semi permeable membranes allow the passage of water or other small molecules through them but block the passage of large solute Molecules. As a consequence of osmosis, the concentration on the solution side decreases, because the amount of liquid on this side increases considerably over the passage of time. The study involved testing the performance of the Reverse Osmosis treatment plant. Conventional tests (temp, pH, TDS, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, chlorine residual), and special tests (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, F, TOC) were conducted at different sampling locations within the distribution system, over a period of about eight months to evaluate the quality of drinking water. Samples were also collected after different stages of treatment from the main R.O. treatment plant, to determine the nature of treatment provided. The main objective of the research paper is to present fundamental model for brackish water desalination system for domestic purpose and their preliminary findings using prospective design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reported the in vitro pathogenicity of Verticillium lecanii strains, L2 and L5, and Beauveria bassiana strains, B76 and B252, against Megoura japonica using leaf-dip method. The virulence potential of these four entomopathogenic fungal strains of V. lecanii and of B. bassiana were compared between fungi conidia (concentrations 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL−1) and culture filtrate. Moreover, binary combination of four different fungal strains (L2 + B76, B76 + L5, L2 + B252, and L2 + B76 + B252 + L5) were evaluated against M. japonica under control condition. Aphid mortality was recorded after two, four, six, and eight days of post-treatment. In the conidial concentration bioassay, strain B76 showed maximal mortality (85.3%) against bean aphid, and strain L5 showed the lowest effect (60.0%) at the highest concentration (1 × 108 conidia mL−1) at eight days post-treatment. Whereas, binary combinations of B76 and L2 strains showed the highest effect against M. japonica (90.5%) than other combinations. Moreover, in comparison with the effect of filtrate and conidia bioassay, 91.4% and 84.1% were achieved in strain B76, and the lowest effect (63.8% and 55.1%) was recorded in strain L5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]