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Examination of natural quinone dyes and their dyeing properties exist in the literature. However, disperse dyeing of synthetic quinone dyes on textile materials and examination of these properties are quite rare. In this study, the derivatives of new N-,O-heteroatom-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinone dyes were synthesized with the reactions between 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with some aromatic and aliphatic N-nucleophiles according to Michael addition mechanism and the exact structure of dyes were specified by using various spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and UV/Vis.) and microanalyses. In the second step of this work, the polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were dyed with these newly synthesized disperse dyes. Dyeing performances such as dye exhaustion (%), color, and color fastness (to washing, alkaline perspiration, acidic perspiration, water, seawater, wet rub, dry rub, sublimation, and light fastness) properties of these dyes on PET fiber fabrics were investigated and compared. The highest color yield (K/S) by 12.33 was obtained with dye compound 10 at a dyeing depth of 3% owf and displayed better dyeing performance than the other dyes studied. In conclusion, PET fibers dyed with dye 2-4-(4-Chlorofenoxyaniline)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (dye compound 10) displayed the highest dye exhaustion (%) values, the highest color yields, and excellent washing, perspiration (alkaline and acidic), water and seawater and rub (dry and wet) fastness values with no staining whatsoever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In recent years, natural dyes have attracted significant attention globally because of growing public awareness of the environment and health hazards associated with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes can provide special aesthetic qualities as well as the ethical significance of a product which is environmentally friendly. By keeping this burning issue in mind, this study aims to explore the dyeing properties of various unexplored environmentally friendly natural dyes. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the aqueous extract of coconut leaves is used for dyeing purpose. The silk and jute fabrics were dyed with the extract alone as well as in combination with metal salts as mordants by employing pre-, meta- and postmordanting techniques. The dyeing properties of the colored samples were evaluated by measuring their color strength; CIEL*a*b* values; and color fastness to washing, light and rubbing. Findings: A yellow shade was achieved when the fabric samples were dyed solely with the extract. However, shade variations were observed when different mordants and mordanting techniques were applied. In all the cases, metallic salts improved the color fastness properties of dyed samples to washing, light and rubbing especially for the silk fabric. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on a natural dye extracted from the leaves of coconut. Leaf as the source of dye has added an extra advantage, as it is reproducible and can be collected easily without harming the plants. The reported dye could be an attractive choice for sustainable and eco-friendly dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to check the effectivity of plasma in the natural dyeing of polyester fabric using four natural dyes – Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu using plasma and alum mordant. The surface modification on the polyester fabric by plasma along with the use of benign mordant alum is studied. The enhancement of dyeability in polyester fabric with natural dyes is the main focus. Due to surface modification, the wettability increases, which leads to better dye uptake. Better dye uptake and better dye adherence are the main objectives. Design/methodology/approach: Plasma-mediated natural dyeing is the main design of this research work. The effect of plasma treatment on surface modification of synthetic fabric polyester and its subsequent effects on their dyeing with different natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu are studied. The dyeability was further enhanced by the use of alum as mordant. The main focus is on the betterment of natural dyeing of polyester fabric using sustainable natural dyes resources for dyeing and to reduce wastewater contamination from the usage of toxic additive chemicals for cleaner production. Findings: Plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted dyeing method facilitated very good dyeability of all the four natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu. Color strength (K/S) values and fastness properties of plasma-treated samples were far better than untreated samples. The synergistic effect of plasma and alum mordanting has made natural dyeing of polyester very easy with very good fastness results. Natural dyeing of polyester after 2 min of plasma treatment showed excellent and desirable results. The process is also easy to be adapted by industries. Research limitations/implications: As polyester is hydrophobic, natural dyeing of polyester fabric is not very easy, but with plasma-mediated natural dyeing, it becomes a very facile dyeing method; thus, there are no limitations. Use of plasma has reduced the need for any chemical additives which are usually added during the dyeing process. Practical implications: This process of natural dyeing of polyester fabric can be scaled up to industrial dyeing with natural dyes. Plasma pretreatment of the fabric followed by premordanting with alum has facilitated the natural dyeing well. Social implications: Use of plasma in place of chemical modifiers can be a green and environmentally friendly approach for sustainable coloration of polyester fabric, providing a clean wet processing for textiles dyeing. Originality/value: The synergistic effect of plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted natural dyeing of polyester has not been attempted by any researcher. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is for the first time that pretreatment with atmospheric plasma followed by alum mordanting of polyester fabric has shown very good dye uptake and fastness properties as the dye molecules could penetrate well after 2 min of the plasma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes offer a bio-based opportunity to support the attractive coloration of textile fabrics made from natural fibers like cotton, wool, hemp, and many other textile materials. They can be part of a strategy to realize fully bio-based textiles and clothing materials. In line with this statement, the following study investigates the use of wood extracts for dyeing cotton fabrics. Specifically, extract powders of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum L.), brazilwood (Caesalpinia spp.), and quebracho wood (Schinopsis lorentzii) are used. The aim of the study is to evaluate which colorations can be obtained by the application of those wood extracts and what fastness properties are reached. For this, different modified process parameters and mordants are evaluated. The dyeing process is modified using different mordants based on iron and aluminum salts. These mordants are applied in pre-, meta-, or post-mordant procedures. The color and fastness properties of prepared textile samples are determined by spectroscopic measurements, color measurements, washing procedures, and a Xenotest for measuring the light fastness. Ultimately, it is shown that a broad range of colorations can be realized through different combinations of wood extracts and mordanting procedures. Notably, stronger color depths are reached with pre- and meta-mordanting compared to post-mordanting. Good wash fastness is obtained for some color shades. However, with post-mordanting, better wash fastness can be achieved. The light fastness of the realized samples is only moderate to low. In conclusion, it can be stated that dyes from wood extracts are excellent materials to dye natural fibers if they are combined with the right mordanting agent in pre- or meta-mordanting procedures. The present study is therefore a good proof-of-concept for the realization of fully bio-based colored textile materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-(3-aryl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminones) derivatives and the diazonium salt of para-chloroaniline were used to synthesize several novel disperse azo dyes with high yield and the use of an environmentally friendly approach. At 100 and 130 °C, we dyed polyester fabrics using the new synthesized disperse dyes. At various temperatures, the dyed fabrics' color intensity was assessed. The results we obtained showed that dyeing utilizing a high temperature method at 130 °C was enhanced than dyeing utilizing a low temperature method at 100 °C. Reusing dye baths once or twice was a way to achieve two goals at the same time. The first was obtaining a dyed product at no cost, and the second was a way to treat the wastewater of dyeing bath effluents and reuse it again. Good results were obtained for the fastness characteristics of polyester dyed with disperse dyes. When the disperse dyes were tested against certain types of microbes and cancer cells, they demonstrated good and encouraging findings for the potential to be used as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing concern about the environmental effects of metal mordants and synthetic dyes is encouraging the use of bio-mordants and natural colorants. Cinnamon bark is a rich source of natural colorants such as cinnamaldehyde and tannins. The main purpose of this research was to study and compare the effect of bio-mordants versus metal mordants in terms of colorimetric parameters and color fastness properties of cinnamon bark on wool fibers. Accordingly, some bio-mordants, including date kernel, peppermint, banana peel, and artemisia, as well as some metal mordants like aluminum potassium sulphate and copper sulphate, were studied based on three conventional mordanting methods (pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting). The results indicated that the conjunction of metal mordants and polyphenolic bio-mordants with cinnamon colorants can create different hues and tones of brown. Also, the color produced by cinnamon in wool fibers has poor color fastness and low color strength. Overall, bio-mordants have presented good color properties, making the dyeing process eco-friendly and greener. Among the applied bio-mordants, peppermint has created the best color strength and color fastness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of five novel monoazo dyes designed from 4-amino antipyrine diazo coupling with five different cyclic ketones is successfully reported and characterized by possible spectroscopic methods to confirm their structural appearance. Based on FTIR and 1H-NMR spectral interpretation, dyes A and E are stable in their tautomer-like hydrazone and enol forms. In this endeavor, dyes were also subjected to an assessment of dyeing performance using high-temperature and high-pressure methods at 130 °C, and the synthesized dyes were found to have good dyeing abilities. Electron withdrawing group carbonyls in the heterocyclic moiety, adjacent to the diazo linkage, influence the shades of the dye on the fabric. The dyed fabric exhibits moderate to favorably good color fastness properties of washing, sublimation, heat, and perspiration. Antimicrobial screening was also performed against two fungal strains and four bacterial strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results are negligible for dyes A–D, but dye E possesses moderate to excellent inhibitory actions toward bacterial strain B. subtilis as well as the fungi C. albicans. These pathogens are found to exist on cotton fabrics for a month and induce health issues. Dyed cotton fabrics with dye E is found to be resistant to the fungus C. albicans which bears 14 days of lifespan on cotton fabric and causes nosocomial infections including vaginal yeast sepsis, diaper rashes, and thrush. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the extraction and dyeing properties of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds, namely Padina tetrastromatica, Sargassum tenerrimum, and Turbinaria ornata. Various solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) and mordants (CH3 COOH, FeSO4, and NaHCO3) were used to extract the dyes and achieve different shades with excellent fastness properties. Phytochemical and FTIR analyses were performed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for dyeing. The dyed cotton fabrics exhibited a range of colors based on the mordants and solvents used. Fastness assessments revealed that aqueous and ethanol dye extracts exhibited superior properties compared to acetone and methanol extracts. The influence of mordants on cotton fibers' fastness properties was also evaluated. In addition to the above findings, this study makes a significant contribution to the field by exploring the bioactive potential of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds. The utilization of these abundant and low-cost seaweed sources for dye extraction provides a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, addressing environmental concerns associated with the textile industry. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis of different solvents and mordants in obtaining various shades and excellent fastness properties enhances our understanding of the dyeing process and opens avenues for further research in the development of eco-friendly textile dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tie-dyeing is a resist-dyeing technique which for years has been used by SMEs to produce attractive textile fabrics. However, the technique is challenged by the use of synthetic dyes which are not environmentally friendly and the growing consumers' environmental awareness. Accordingly, researchers and industrialists are forced to explore the alternative natural dyes in response to the above challenges. Among the natural source of dyes available abundantly in Tanzania, but are yet to be fully exploited for applications via tie-dyeing technique are turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) roots commonly used for food coloring. In this study turmeric roots were investigated for their potential as dyes for coloration of cotton fabrics through tie-dyeing technique. Turmeric dyes were extracted through boiling of powdered turmeric roots in water followed by filtering the mixture, and applying it to a premordanted and tied fabric. For analysis purposes, un-tied (plain) cotton fabric was also dyed following the same procedure. The findings of this study suggests that, turmeric dyes can be applied on cotton using tie-dyeing technique and produce golden-yellow color on fabrics. Additionally, pre-mordanting of cotton increased the color depth of dyed materials while improving their fastness properties with respect to washing and both wet and dry rubbing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silane and quaternary ammonium functional methacrylate monomers were synthesized and used to construct a copolymer using an emulsion polymerization technique to control the reaction rate. The copolymer was then designed using different ratios of silane and quaternary ammonium groups to investigate the relationship between the structure and properties. The presence of the ethoxy silane group in the copolymer series provided covalent bonding through the silanol group onto cotton fabric. The presence of cationic groups also helped to cover the fabric surface. After coating the cotton textile fabric, the resistance of the dye on the fabric surface to friction was assessed and tests were conducted on washing, rubbing, water, and light fastness. Finally, the textile surfaces were investigated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was observed that the copolymer series showed >99% killing efficiency against S. aureus but had no effect on E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop motifs with the potential applications as drugs and dyes, a series of novel quinoline–pyrimidine monoazo hybrids have been synthesized via the Biginelli reaction followed by diazo coupling. Molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds was performed against Topoisomerase IV from E. coli K-12 and CYP51 from C. albicans. The ADMET properties of the synthesized compounds were also investigated in order to understand the efficacy of drug candidates. The compounds bearing naphthol and orcinol substitutions showed excellent antifungal and antibacterial properties. The α-naphthol derivative displayed the highest binding affinity score (8.46 against Topoisomerase IV and 7.50 against CYP51) and an acceptable drug score (0.53) in toxicological and pharmacokinetics studies. The orcinol derivative showed a very good docking score but a low drug score in the ADMET study. Additionally, the dye ability of the synthesized compounds was assessed by dyeing cotton and silk fabrics. The compound containing a paracetamol moiety displayed excellent performance in terms of color and rubbing fastness and is promising for use in the textile industry for dyeing clothes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel pyridine-bearing tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbohydrazide mono azo dyes was synthesized by combining the Gewald and azo dye approaches with basic catalytic optimization of the intermediate product. We investigated the in vitro activity of the synthesized compounds against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and the dyeing potential was investigated by dyeing cotton, linen, cotton and silk fabrics using a fastness test. Benzo-fused phenol-substituted compound showed very good antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (ZOI, 18 μg/mL) and B. subtilis (ZOI, 18.5 μg/mL), while showing good antibacterial potency on S. aureus (ZOI, 12.5 μg/mL). The SAR study also revealed that the presence of the nitro group in meta and para positions uplifted the antibacterial activity to the moderate stage in gram-negative bacterial strains. Additionally, assessing the dyeing performance by dry and wet rubbing fastness properties, compounds with α-naphthol, p-nitrophenol, and o-cresol fragments were observed as the most promising fabric dye candidates with excellent results referencing the grayscale and may lead to exploit in the textiles industry for dyeing clothes in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones were obtained with good yields by reacting dimethylformamide dimethylacetal with different methyl ketones. 3-oxo-3-phenyl-2-(2-phenylhydrazono)propanals disperse dyes were obtained via reacting of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones with phenyldiazonium chloride. The novel dyes were used in dyeing polyester fabrics through two different dyeing methods at temperatures of 100 and 130 °C. We found that the color strength when using the dyeing method at 130 °C was better than the dyeing method at 100 °C. The fastness properties of dyed fabrics with these new disperse dyes were studied and gave very good results (except for fastness to light, which gave moderate results). The new dyes were evaluated against some different types of bacteria and cancer, which showed excellent and promising results for the possibility of using these dyes as antibacterial and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for environmentally friendly dyes, natural dye has become an attractive option replacing toxic synthetic dyes. Within the framework of this research, the natural dye of Chrozophora tinctoria L. was extracted using the microwave-assisted extraction method under different operating conditions. The influence of different factors influencing the extraction process (such as pH, extraction time, and microwave power) on the extraction efficiency was investigated by means of a multilevel three-factor design. The suggested model has a high coefficient of determination, indicating high predictability and good approximation. Optimal microwave extraction process conditions were obtained at a value of microwave power equal to 650 W, at a pH of 5 during a period of 3 min. Dyed wool and silk fabrics showed very good washing and light fastness properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthrone- and aniline-based azo dyes (4a-4i) are synthesized and well characterized. These dyes are further applied to wool, nylon, polyester, and acrylic fabrics. Fastness properties, including light, wash, and rub for dyed fabrics, were studied and found to be better for polyester and nylon than wool and acrylic substrate. Better sublimation fastness was obtained on polyester than nylon at 210 °C. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of all dyed textiles was detected to block ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the range of 93–97%. Nylon, wool, and acrylic dyed fabric showed excellent, while polyester showed good ultraviolet protection activity. All the dyes are effective against "(S. aureus) gram + ve" and "(K. pneumoniae) gram −ve" bacteria. The fabric dyed with the azo dye obtained from the p-COOH (4a), p-CH3 (4d), p-NO2 (4 g), and p-NHCOCH3 (4i) substituted anilne derivatives were as found to have ≥ 98% potent inhibition. The HOMO–LUMO gap and other chemical reactivity descriptors, such as electrophilicity index, chemical hardness, and chemical potential, are calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work involves surface anionization of non-ionic polyester (PET- polyethylene terephthalate) fabric through a novel and facile modification technique to facilitate cationic dyeing, particularly basic dyeing under normal atmospheric conditions, instead of traditional sophisticated non-ionic disperse dyeing. Initially, the modification of PET with differently prepared modifiers was performed at 50 °C which introduced an anionic carboxylate group (COO−) on its surface to promote effective bond formation with cationic basic dyes. The modification process did not alter the inherent mechanical properties, i.e., strength and elongation of the PET fabric. Subsequently, the basic dyeing of the sample was carried out at a lower temperature (50–60 °C) for 60 min. The dyeing of the modified PET fabric with modifier 1 at 60 °C yielded the best output for the basic blue 2GL dye in terms of color properties and shade quality. For modifier 2, the color output after dyeing at 50 °C was off shade and only a reddish tone appeared, but the color strength (K/S) and the evenness of the shade were satisfactory. Both modifiers significantly improved the color fastness properties of the dyed fabric in the range of very good (4) to excellent (4/5) fastness rating, while the unmodified fabric had a comparatively lower fastness grade (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A series of bisazo reactive dyes have been synthesized via efficient methodology. In this paper we report the synthesis of a series of reactive dyes by coupling of tetrazotized 3, 3'-dichloro benzidine with various 2-amino 5(4'-nitro phenyl) 1,3,4-thiadiazole cyanurated coupling component viz, H-acid, J-acid, N-methyl J-acid, N-phenyl J-acid, sulpho tobias acid, tobias acid, peri acid, S-acid, K-acid, N-benzoyl H-acid, sulfo C-acid, N-phenyl peri acid, laurent acid and Chicago acid dyeing performance of these dyes was evaluated on cotton, wool and silk fabric. The purity of dyes was checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC). All synthesized dyes were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra, fastness properties and antimicrobial activity of these dyes were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims at studying the oxygen plasma treatment and the previously prepared and fully characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a green and eco-friendly strategy for surface modification of viscose fabric. This was done to render viscose fabric dye able with two types of acid dyes that do not have direct affinity to fix on it via improving the fabric wettability. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal, viscose fabric was activated with oxygen plasma at optimum conditions and coated with different concentrations of CNPs solution via conventional pad dry cure technique. The untreated and plasma-treated fabrics with CNPs were dyed with two types of acid dyes, namely, Acid Orange 7 and Methyl Red under determined conditions. The color strength (K/S), fastness properties to light, rubbing and perspiration, add on %, tensile strength, wettability and durability of the dyed samples were determined and compared. Findings: The results divulged that oxygen plasma-treated fabric with CNPs and the aforementioned dyes in question could improve the flowing properties in comparison with untreated fabric: (a) the fabric wettability expressed as wetting area mm2; (b) the dye ability and fastness properties of viscose fabrics expressed as K/S and fastness properties; and (c) the strength properties and add on % of the treated fabric. On the other hand, the durability of the plasma-treated fabric decreased with increasing washing cycles. Originality/value: The novelty addressed here was using plasma treatment as an eco-friendly pre-treatment approach for attachment of CNPs as a multifunctional green bio-nano polymer onto viscose fabric, which improved the dyeing properties of the fabric with acid dyes that do not have direct affinity to fix onto it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, agricultural waste of avocado (Persea americana) was proposed as a natural dye source for eco-friendly and sustainable dyeing of textiles. Woven fabrics made of cotton and wool were pre-mordanted with nontoxic metallic salts; alum and ferrous sulfate and dyed with the pigments extracted from avocado seeds and peels. All samples exhibited very good washing and rubbing fastness grades. Pre-mordanting fabrics with ferrous sulfate provided a different color, a noticeable increase in dyeability and a significant improvement in fastness to light. On the other hand, in case of using alum, only a slight change in chroma and hue was recorded. Based on findings of the study, it was concluded that the extracted pigments have strong affinity for protein fibers and a relatively lower affinity for cellulosic fibers. It was also observed that the samples dyed with peel extract have darker and more saturated colors, a more persistent hue and higher light fastness grades when compared to the corresponding samples dyed with seed extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The difference is significant only in the case of the untreated silk fabrics when compared with that of PAA- and CTN-treated and dyed silk fabrics; since the silk fabric is influenced by these treatments in the respective aspects. It is noticed from this table that the antiodor retention rate effect is considerably good in the treated (PAA and CTN) and dyed silk fabrics particularly on the CTN- treated fabrics compared with those of other (PAA and without treatment) silk fabrics. The PAA- and CTN-treated and dyed silk fabrics absorb the drops in lesser time compared to the without treatment silk fabric; similar to this trend the water retention behavior and the wicking height, respectively, are increased in silk fabrics. Keywords: Tensile strength; dyeability; fastness properties; absorbency; air permeability; antiodor; ; ; ; ; ; EN Tensile strength dyeability fastness properties absorbency air permeability antiodor ZH 8637 8651 15 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Silk is the prominent protein fiber, which has been considered for the special characteristics of durability, softness, luster, and surface smoothness. [Extracted from the article]

Color strengths of silk and wool fabrics dyed with Acid Red 138 dye before and after microwave treatment. Keywords: Acid red 138 dye; fastness properties; microwave radiations; silk & wool; sustainability; 138 ; ; ; ; EN Acid red 138 dye fastness properties microwave radiations silk & wool sustainability ZH 138 8181 8190 10 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Synthetic dyes are being used in every walk of life where, with the advancements in processing and applications, their use has been spread from clothes to paper, from wood to food, and from food to textiles etc. (Adeel et al. [4]). Overall, this dye has again shown an excellent affinity toward silk fabric at 65 SP o sp C as compared to the wool fabric after exposure to microwave treatment for 1 min. The results given inFigure 1Figure 2 show that for silk fabric (RSF) the irradiated dye bath of 4 pH (RE) for 1 min has given good results onto un-irradiated silk fabric (NRSF). [Extracted from the article]

Anthrone and benzothiazole based disperse azo dyes (5a–5e) are synthesized and well characterized. These dyes are further applied to nylon, polyester, and acrylic fabrics. Fastness properties, including light, wash, and rub for dyed fabrics, were studied and found to be better for polyester and nylon than the acrylic substrate. Better sublimation fastness was obtained on polyester than nylon at 210 °C. The "ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)" of all dyed fabrics was detected to block ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the range of 93 to 97 percent. Nylon and acrylic dyed fabric were excellent, while polyester showed good ultraviolet protection activity. All the dyes are effective towards "(S. aureus) gram +ve" and "(K. pneumoniae) gram −ve" bacteria. The textile dyed with the dye obtained from the diazotized 2‐amino‐6‐methyl‐benzothiazole and anthrone (5b) was found to have ≥99 % potent inhibition. The HOMO‐LUMO energy gap and other quantum chemical descriptors such as softness, hardness, and electrophilicity index are obtained from the "density functional theory (DFT)" computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two groups of laterally substituted non-mesomorphic and liquid crystalline materials bearing monoazo group were prepared and investigated via experimental and theoretical techniques. The molecular structures of the designed dyes were evaluated by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Mesomorphic examinations for all synthesized dyes were investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed that, the thermal and optical properties of investigated compounds are mainly dependent on their molecular geometry. The optimized geometries of the azo derivatives and their electronic absorption of the dyes were carried out using the B3LYP/6-311G level of the DFT method. The azo dyes were measured for their dyeing performance on polyester fabrics. The dyed fabrics have excellent fastness properties with a color strength of 1.49–3.43 and an exhaustion rate of 82–64%. The chemical descriptor parameters of disperse azo dyes in gas phase were calculated and correlated with dyeing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Six monoazo dyes derived from arylamines substituted with bromine, chlorine and nitro groups were synthesized via diazocoupling method and studied. Their functional groups were confirmed by an infra-red spectroscopy. Using solvents of different dielectric constants, the absorption spectra of these dyes showed positive solvatochromism with increasing solvent polarity. They also showed positive halochromism. The molar extinction coefficient of these dyes showed that they were all suitable for textile applications. More so, fastness tests revealed that all the dyes synthesized had better fastness properties on cotton fabric than on nyon 6,6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ultra high molecular weight fibre cannot be dyed using conventional dyeing techniques as they are extremely hydrophobic and do not possess any polar groups. Wet etching of the surface was used as the pre-treatment process to improve the dyeability of the Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) knitted fabric using potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid as etchants. The surface modified fabric was dyed at 130°C using High Temperature (HT) dyeing technique with disperse dye and evaluated in terms of Colour Strength (K/S), washing fastness, rubbing fastness, and tenacity. It has been observed that wet etching improved the colour strength substantially with an overall good fastness to washing and rubbing but the tenacity decreased with an increase in etching time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mugla Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Mugla Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the dyeing properties of a natural dye, extracted from the leaves of mimusops elengi Linn, on cotton and silk fabric were examined. Leaves are always an attractive choice as a raw material for natural dyes since they are readily available and reproducible compare to other parts of the plant without damaging the trees. The dye component in leaves of mimusops elengi is easily extractable by aqueous extraction process and the amount of achievable crude dye is exceptionally good. The dye extracts itself as well as mixing with various mordant including a natural one were applied to the fabrics by using pre-, simultaneous- and post-mordanting techniques. Impressive results were found for the color strength and fastness properties of dyed fabrics. Various shades and excellent color fastness of dyed samples were observed. Therefore, the eco-friendly natural dye extracted from the leaves of mimusops elengi can be an attractive choice for dying the cotton and silk fabrics with various elegant shades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk being one of the organic natural fibers, is susceptible to microorganisms attack thus leading to loss of physical aesthetic and mechanical properties. The present study was focused on optimizing the dyeing process parameters (Extract concentration and dyeing temperature) of dyestuff extracts from the Galinsoga Parviflora plant and analyzing the antibacterial activity of the dyed silk fabric. The Pad-dry method was used for the application of herbal dye extract onto selected silk fabric and the AATCC 100:2019 test method was used in assessing the treated fabric quantitatively against Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacterial strains. Dyeing conditions obtained using Central Composite Design (CCD) indicated that dye concentration and temperature of 39.14 percent and 700C respectively could be deemed as optimum. Also, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results showed that extract concentration has a statistically significant effect on bacterial count whereas the effect of temperature was not so much influential. Silk fabric dyed with optimized values demonstrated a 99.33% and 99.15% reduction in the bacterial count against Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacterial strains respectively. Also, its fastness properties to light, washing, and Rubbing ranged from very good to excellent (4-5 to 5). Thus, in general, this research confirmed that Galinsoga Parviflora plant leaves, abundantly available in most parts of Uganda can be used as an antibacterial finish on silk fabric for improved bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A series of cationic and disperse dyes has been applied on to the nylon and acrylic fabrics in order for their dyeing properties to be investigated. The build-up values and the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics such as wash, light, and rubbing fastness degrees were measured by standard methods. Moreover, the color gamut of the synthesized dyes was measured on polyamide and acrylic fibers. The results showed that the synthesized dyes were able to dye polyamide fabrics with deep shades. However, synthesized azo dyes did not show good dyeing ability on acrylic fiber. The antimicrobial properties of dyed polyamide fabrics were evaluated against various bacteria and fungi. The dyed fabrics exhibited excellent antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. The skin irritation test on azo dyes and dyed polyamide fibers with this dye was carried out. The results showed that none of the dye and dyed polyamide fibers created any skin irritation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of cationic and disperse dyes has been applied on to the nylon and acrylic fabrics in order for their dyeing properties to be investigated. The build-up values and the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics such as wash, light, and rubbing fastness degrees were measured by standard methods. Moreover, the color gamut of the synthesized dyes was measured on polyamide and acrylic fibers. The results showed that the synthesized dyes were able to dye polyamide fabrics with deep shades. However, synthesized azo dyes did not show good dyeing ability on acrylic fiber. The antimicrobial properties of dyed polyamide fabrics were evaluated against various bacteria and fungi. The dyed fabrics exhibited excellent antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. The skin irritation test on azo dyes and dyed polyamide fibers with this dye was carried out. The results showed that none of the dye and dyed polyamide fibers created any skin irritation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two series of new Schiff base metal complexes (Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II)) were synthesized and used to study their fastness and thermal properties. All of the dyes were applied on cotton, polyester and cellulose acetate fabrics as reactive dyes by using temperature and 1 : 20 Flotte ratio. Washing, rubbing and light fastness was investigated by ISO 105‐C06 A2S, TS EN ISO 105‐X12 and ISO 105‐B02 methods, respectively and obtained very well to excellent results. Structures of the metal complex dyes were elucidated by IR, UV‐Vis, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques, magnetic susceptibility measurements, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis. Spectroscopic results indicate that all of the complexes adopt octahedral geometry. Also the results indicate that the complexes are formed by the binding of a metal ion with two Schiff bases by using two >C=N‐ groups, two hydroxyl groups and two aqua ligands. In the present study, for the first time, fabrics were dyed with Schiff bases and metal complexes, and then, their fastness analyses were carried out and were obtained fine results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation was carried out to develop a sustainable dyeing method by utilization of a marine brown seaweed Cystoseira indica as natural dye. Moreover, the dyeing process was optimized by varying fixing agent percentage and dyeing time. The influence of different variables on color uptake (K/S), fastness rating and color measurement were examined. The bioactive efficiency of seaweed extract and dyed fabric were also investigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was found at the optimized dyeing condition has 1 percent formic acid as fixing agent with 120 min dyeing period. At this condition, the dye molecule shows 70 percent exhaustion and 59 percent fixation along with acceptable fastness and antimicrobial activities Furthermore, the dyed fabric shows effective inhibition against all tested organisms. Fabric samples showed greater antimicrobial efficiency for Candida albicans and poorer than for Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, using sustainable dyeing process has become a necessity, but does not meet performance requirements. Application of biomordants was recommended to enhance the quality of dyeing. Tannin-based biomordants appeared advantageous in green dyeing; meanwhile, unconditional affinity towards fibers of different types has attracted the attention of researchers. We introduce the idea of using combination of natural mordant as a new technique for sustainable dyeing of wool and a model natural fiber. In this study, Iranian madder was used as green dye and Yellow Myrobalan (YM) and Black Myrobalan (BM) employed as biomordant. FTIR-ATR spectra of the washed, mordanted, and mordanted-dyed wool fibers confirmed appropriate bonding among wool fibers, green mordant, and dye molecules. The superior color strength of wool fibers dyed with 4 %YM+6 %BM and 40 % madder was featured by K/S value of 35.77 and was obviously higher than that of madder by sumac, 9.5. Fastness properties (light, wash, and rub fastness) of wool dyed with combination of YM and BM were good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study describes the synthesis of three new antibacterial azo disperse dyes from different diazotized aryl amines (aniline, 2-aminothiazole, and sulfathiazole), followed by their reactions with a novel nontoxic antibacterial cyanoacetyl microcrystalline cellulose derivative (a) as a coupling component. The structures of the dyes were confirmed and elucidated by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The new dyes were also tested for antibacterial activity and toxicity, and they were utilized for silk screen printing polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. The color strength and fastness properties of the dyes have been investigated, and they exhibited high resistance to washing, perspiration, and rubbing as well as fastness to sublimation and light. Moreover, the new dyes were tested for antibacterial activity on the printed polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to synthesize some new azobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with thiazolidinone moiety and their solicitation in dyeing polyester fabrics representing their antibacterial evaluation. Design/methodology/approach: Herein, the authors report the synthesis of new thiazolidinone moiety after the coupling of diazotized 4-aminoacetophenone with resorcinol. The newly synthesized dyes were characterized by IR, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral studies. The characteristics of dyeing of these dyestuffs were evaluated at optimum conditions. Concurrent with dyeing of polyester fabric for synthesized dyes with their antibacterial activity was estimated. Antimicrobial activity of the dyed fabrics at different concentrations was evaluated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Findings: Synthesized azobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with thiazolidinone dyes were applied on polyester fabrics. It was remarked that the modified dyes exhibited better colourfastness properties. Furthermore, the synthesized dyes revealed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Research limitations/implications: The synthesized azobenzene dyes for polyester dyeing were not bore earlier. Practical implications: The azobenzene dyes were accountable for giving improved colourfastness properties on polyester fabrics. Social implications: The synthesized azobenzene derivatives are sensibly expensive and applicable dyes accompanied with good antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Originality/value: A common process could be affording textiles of colour and antibacterial assets. The newly synthesized dyes containing thiazolidinone moieties with azobenzene coupler showed interesting disperse colourant for polyester with good antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridelia ferruginea B dye was extracted from the bark of the tree using aqueous extraction method. Extracted dye was used to dye cellulosic (cotton) fabric in presence of 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 5% alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) of weight of fabric (o.w.f) as mordant. Fabric dyed without mordant was lighter in hue than metal ion mordanted dyed fabrics. The fabrics dyed in presence of calcium chloride as mordant are of deeper hue than those dyed with alum as mordant. Hence, their dye-uptake and color strength (K/S) are in the same order. K/S value of fabric dyed with alum is 43.71% higher than that without mordant and fabric dyed with calcium chloride has K/S value 51.09% higher than dyed with alum as mordant. CIEL*a*b* coordinate indicator and color space quadrant showed that those dyed fabrics without mordant and with alum as mordant are closer to yellow than red color. Those cellulosic fabrics dyed with calcium chloride as mordant are closer to red than yellow color as confirmed in colour space quadrant. Pre-mordanted dyed fabrics are of deeper color than post-mordanted dyed fabrics than meta-mordanted dyed fabrics than unmordant dyed fabric. Fastness properties of B. ferruginea B dyed cellulosic fabrics ranged from good (3) to excellent (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aims to synthesize some new curcumin containing Aroyl derivatives dyestuffs and study their application in dyeing polyester fabrics, rendering to their antibacterial evaluation. Design/methodology/approach: Modification of curcumin dye was carried out by introducing benzoyl rings through coupling with curcumin. All newly synthesized dyes were characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1 H-NMR and MS). Moreover, the optimal dyeing condition was assigned. Antibacterial activities of the dyed samples at different concentrations of both dyes were studied against gram positive (Staph aureus) and gram-negative (Salmonellatyphimurium) bacteria. Findings: Synthesized curcumin containing benzoyl dyes were applied on polyester fabrics. Meanwhile, these synthesized dyes showed reasonable results towards fastness properties at optimal conditions matching the curcumin dye. In addition to their good fastness assets, synthesized dyes displayed antibacterial efficacy towards both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. The dyed polyester fabrics showed higher antibacterial efficacy after multiple events of washing. Research limitations/implications: The synthesized benzoyl containing curcumin moiety was not described before. Practical implications: Disperse dyes derived from curcumin were prepared via coupling of various diazonium salts of p-aminobenzaldhyde, p-aminoacetopheneone, p-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminobenzoyl chloride with curcumin. The resulting disperse dyes were applied on polyester fabrics at optimal conditions, and antibacterial efficacy of dyed fabrics were evaluated. Originality/value: Curcumin being was used in food colouration and was effective for dyeing and antimicrobial finishing on textile fabrics. Novel antibacterial dyestuff containing curcumin moieties with benzoyl amine coupling components showed interesting colourant for polyester fabrics. This work introduced innovative disperse dyes for medical textile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new bis-azo disperse dyes were synthesized by linking various aryl amino and hydroxyl derivatives to 4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline and 6-amino-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine moieties through diazo coupling reactions. The structures of the bis-azo dyes were identified by Fourier transform infrared, proton and carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance data. The prepared dyestuffs were applied onto polyester and nylon 6 fabrics and subsequently their fastness properties in terms of light, washing, sublimation and rubbing were determined. Compared with the light fastness of polyester fabrics, the light fastness of the dyed nylon 6 fabrics were slightly lower. The technical performance of the dyes on the two textile substrates used for the study, demonstrated their useful applications in the dyeing of synthetic fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]