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The article presents the results of studies of the characteristics of lead tungstate crystals (PbWO4). Measurements of light transmission and light output from the passage of cosmic muons were carried out. The average light transmittance of crystals in the transverse direction is 62.82, 68.38, and 75.68% at wavelengths λ = 360, 420, and 620 nm, and the light output is ~16 pe/MeV. A prototype of an electromagnetic calorimeter was designed and built from crystals arranged in a 4 × 4 matrix which has been tested by cosmic muons. The results obtained confirm the conclusions of other groups in the Electron-Ion Collider collaboration that the quality of the crystals produced by CRYTUR meets the requirements for an electromagnetic calorimeter, and that they can be the basis for its creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of building electron-ion colliders (EICs) are to reach high collision luminosity and polarization, to search on the structure and the interactions of gluon-matter, to investigate the spin structure of matter, to probe the behavior of parton densities in the nuclear medium, and to study and to test quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this work, we have calculated the cross-sections of the ion beam loss mechanism at EICs via bound-free pair production (BFPP) mechanism. The BFPP is important for the detector design because of its large cross-sections that will give rise to decrease the luminosity of the accelerators. We have done the cross-section calculations for BFPP in the framework of quantum electrodynamics (QED) by using the lowest-order perturbation theory for three different EICs that are mentioned below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review predictions of the theory of leading twist nuclear shadowing for inclusive unpolarized and polarized deuteron structure functions $F_2^D$, $g_1^D$ and $b_1^D$ and for the tagged deuteron structure function $F_2^D(x,Q^2,{\bf p})$. We analyze the possibility to extract the neutron structure function $F_2^n$ from electron–deuteron data and demonstrate that an account of leading twist nuclear shadowing leads to large corrections for the extraction of $F_2^n$ from the future deuteron collider data both in the inclusive and in the tagged structure function modes. We suggest several strategies to address the extraction of $F_2^n$ and to measure at the same time the effect of nuclear shadowing via the measurement of the distortion of the proton spectator spectrum in the semi-inclusive eD → e′NX process. We address the issue of the final state interactions in the eD → e′NX process and examine how they affect the extraction of $F_2^n$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionization scattering of electron beams with residual gas molecules causes ion trapping in electron rings, both in a collider and electron cooling system. These trapped ions may cause emittance growth, tune shift, halo formation, and coherent coupled bunch instabilities. In order to clear the ions and prevent them from accumulating turn after turn, the gaps in a temporal structure of the beam are typically used. Typically, the gap in the bunch train has a length of a few percent of the ring circumference. In those regions, the extraction electrodes with high pulsed voltages are introduced. In this paper, we present the design consideration and initial test results of the high-voltage pulsed kicker hardware that includes vacuum device and pulsed voltage driver, capable of achieving over 3 kV of deflecting voltage amplitude, rise and fall times of less than 10 ns, 100 ns flat-top duration at 1.4 MHz repetition rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]