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Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The habitat structure, the environmental impact, the market acceptance, the changes in consumers' preferences, and the pandemic urged for innovative solutions in urban last-mile delivery. Parcel lockers are among the most preferred solutions by customers due to their home proximity, time availability, and cost efficiency. Methods: This paper introduces an agent-based model (ABM) and a Monte Carlo simulation program to analyze in detail the activity of parcel locker points. The ABM describes the behavior of the agents (customers, parcels, lockers, delivery agents). The simulation is realized using ARENA 12 software. Two scenarios are created based on the number of daily delivery shifts; for each scenario, 300 simulation experiments with various input data are conducted. Results: Three measures of performance (MOPs) are selected to assess the system activity: the number of daily delivered parcels, the delivery time of an order, and the daily delayed orders. The simulation outputs reveal significant predictors of MOPs and disclose moments when actions need to be taken to increase system capacity or change customer behavior. Conclusions: The versatility of the simulation model in terms of input variables makes it a useful decision support tool for planning by highlighting quantitative assessments, organizing delivery activity, along with influences due to customer behavior changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To provide insights into the role of formal and informal accounts in preventing the liquidation of a professional football club and in post-crisis rebuilding. Design/methodology/approach: This case study, framed as a conflict arena, covers an eight-year period of a high-profile struggle over the future of a professional football club. It uses a mixed methods design, including direct engagement with key actors involved in administration proceedings and transformation to a hybrid supporter-owned organisation. Findings: Our findings suggest that within the arena:• formal accounting and governance were of limited use in managing the complex network of relationships and preventing the abuse of power or existential crises. • informal accounting helped mobilise critical resources and maintain supporters' emotional investment during periods of conflict. • informal accounts enabled both resistance and coalition-building in response to perceived abuse of power. • informal accounts were used by the Club as part of its legitimation activities. Originality/value: This study provides theoretical and empirical insights into an unfolding crisis with evidence gathered directly from actors involved in the process. The conceptual framework developed in this paper creates new visibilities and possibilities for developing more effective accounting practices in settings that enable continuing emotional investment from supporters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water exploitation is at the centre of current social and environmental sustainability discourses, one form of which is hydropower. Intense damming of rivers and natural basins occurred in nineteenth and twentieth century Europe (and elsewhere). Following Miller and Power's concept of territorialisation and Foucault's notion of visibility, this study sheds light on the water management arena, read through changes in stakeholder objectives and accountabilities. Its focus is on the 'accounts' of environmental concerns, from post WWII to the new millennium. The analysis focuses on the case of the Santa Giustina dam in Northern Italy, using archival and oral-history approaches. It is shown how an increasing visibility of environmental concerns translated into a higher degree of 'territorialisation' through their itemisation in water quality and quantity parameters. This historical evolution informs policy makers, managers and society in general, about how to address profits and environmental issues regarding current water exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Científica Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria PENTACIENCIAS is the property of Revista Científica Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria PENTACIENCIAS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ports are vital global economic hubs that are essential for international trade. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a significant challenge to ports worldwide, leading to congestion issues. Ships have faced extended waiting times because of heightened health protocols, resulting in increased costs and delayed deliveries. This study utilizes the ARENA simulation tool to analyze the pandemic's adverse impact on ship port times at a selected port. Weekly ship traffic data and port COVID-19 statistics from 2020 were collected. In 2020, prolonged ship operations and health protocol paperwork contributed to longer ship waiting times in queue. Notably, these delays occurred despite consistent labor and working hour management at the selected port. Average wait times surged from 0.157 to 17.33 min, while maximum waits skyrocketed from 0.285 to 74.977 h. This study underscores the importance of addressing pandemicinduced challenges in port operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Debates is the property of Revista Debates and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Geologica Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we explore urban cultural politics and policy-making in Austria through the conceptual lens of the arena. In relation to this, we apply the methodological toolbox of Adele CLARKE's situational analysis. With a focus on the dynamics of cultural political conflicts and negotiation, we analyze urban cultural policies and programming. A particular focus is placed on a city-wide cultural program in the city of Graz. Via interpretive analysis of interviews and situational mappings, we aim to analytically unpack the continuous and contingent processes of cultural political negotiation with conflictual consensus as a sensitizing concept. With this objective, our analytical engagement is situated at the intersection between radical democratic theory, referring mainly to Chantal MOUFFE and Oliver MARCHART on the one hand, and social worlds and arenas theory by Adele CLARKE on the other. We hope to contribute to a theoretically sensitized and empirically informed cultural policy research effort by operationalizing the notion of conflictuality in constellations of cultural political actors and negotiation processes in cultural policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sports facility amenity theory predicts that when facility sites change, home prices nearer the prior site decline while home prices nearer the new site increase. Using home sales data in the vicinity of two proposed facility sites for the Golden State Warriors in San Francisco, the data are generally supportive of the amenity theory. The study also shows that Euclidean and walking distance can yield dissimilar treatment effect sizes, thus compelling researchers to justify their distance measurement choice. Finally, the data provide weak support that home buyers respond to changes in facility re-designs towards increased public benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of Jews in the arena, especially as gladiators, has received relatively little attention. The few articles written on this matter suggest that Jews were both spectators and participants. The present paper relates to all previously suggested indications for the existence of Jewish gladiators and also introduces new ones. Although the possibility that Jewish gladiators were active in the first-fourth centuries CE cannot be ruled out entirely, the evidence remains inconclusive, suggesting that their number was very limited at best. It is also suggested that if Jews had participated in the games, they possibly preferred to fight beasts rather than men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the conceptual backgrounds of the lion metaphor in 1 Peter 5:8. Utilizing the framework for mapping leonine metaphors in the Old Testament by Troy W. Martin, it compares the Jewish background with the Greco-Roman background proposed by Boris A. Paschke, who argues that the ad bestias execution informs the metaphor. In contrast to the tendency to offer highly particularized interpretations of the metaphor by drawing from one background, the synthesized view offered here argues that the text draws simultaneously from both backgrounds and centers on the metaphorical transfer of ferociousness. This focus on ferociousness avoids overspecification of the metaphor, heightens the urgency of shepherding the flock in 1 Peter 5:1-5, and broadens the imperatives of 1 Peter 5:8-9 beyond the ultimate concern for apostasy to include the variegated threats of the devil against Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronómica is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article uses a case-study approach to develop an understanding of how framing on game telecasts can increase the brand equity of sports venues. In 2014, ESPN ranked the NHL's New York Islanders last in "stadium experience" among all 122 teams in the 4 major North American sports leagues. Given the Islanders' looming relocation, the 2014-15 NHL season afforded the last opportunity to consider how telecasts would portray the team's arena, Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum on Long Island. Based on a textual analysis of Islanders telecasts, 2 frames emerged: atmosphere (loud cheering and tributes to veterans) and nostalgia (famous moments and players from the arena's history). Teams that play in poorly regarded venues can encourage broadcasters to employ frames such as atmosphere and nostalgia to increase attendance and sales of venue-related merchandise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception in 1997, the Women's Professional Basketball Association (WNBA) has attempted to present itself as a highly professional sport. With the advantage of its relationship with the successful and established men's National Basketball Association (NBA), the WNBA was able to play in the same arenas immediately, and this included all the trappings of American professional sport, including music, lights, a 'Jumbotron', and half-time entertainment. However, there are important distinctions between the material environments of men's and women's sport, and this has contributed to WNBA games being perceived as unpopular and uneventful. Much of the research on the WNBA has largely focused on the discourses of heteronormativity and gender that structure the league, however by drawing on a new materialist lens and examining the affective forces that circulate the arena, we are better able to understand the WNBA game as an assemblage that develops through the relationship of various material and discursive elements. This article explores the rhizomatic flows of affect that circulate the arena, creating the professional sport spectacle and the stadium assemblage, while highlighting the affective forces of non-human materials, space, and the built environment. It draws upon my ethnographic research with a WNBA team – pseudonymously called the Ravens – and their experience with various arenas, each of which have different histories, stadiums, facilities, entertainment, and relationships to NBA teams. It examines the way in which an affective response is deliberately designed and generated, as the built environment, production values, the crowd, and players' bodies work together to create an arena experience that can either be professional and exciting, or lacklustre and limiting, which in turn can either help or hinder the physical capabilities of WNBA players, and which can direct the 'feel of the game' itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mountain areas are often subject to conflicts between different user interests and protection. The authors examine land use planning processes in Norway applied in accordance with the Planning and Building Act and the Nature Diversity Act and discuss how they might be improved. They find that although influenced by trends of decentralization, inclusion and integration, and principles for multilevel governance, the land use planning approaches for use and protection are still performed in the shadow of instrumentalism and hierarchy with little awareness of their limitations in practical use. The "communicative turn" has stimulated comprehensive participation processes, but these consensus-oriented processes have to some extent been able to handle conflicting interests. The authors conclude that in future planning it will be vital to establish common arenas as trading zones for coordinated municipal, regional and national planning, combining instrumental and communicative practices with agonistic approaches in a multilevel governance network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznanskiej. Organizacja & Zarzadzanie is the property of Poznan University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Federal Regulation has suggested that all passengers in the airplane should finish the evacuation within 90 s. This research applied a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model to investigate passengers' evacuation paths and decision-making processes for aircraft evacuation under emergency. ARENA® 14 was used on an Airbus A380 cabin configuration with capacity of 538 as the baseline model. Total evacuation time and the congestion conditions of each gate were used as a measure for the evacuation process. The baseline model was validated using a real world A380 certification evacuation drill. An experiment was conducted based on the modification of the baseline model to investigate the effect of different path planning strategies on total evacuation time. Results suggested that a flight attendant directed approach yielded significantly more efficiency than passenger random exit choosing and switching exits. Practical implications and future study were given at the end of the paper to consider a more realistic and dynamics simulation approach to address this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adequately managing inventories, companies adjust demand and supply over time to provide the necessary goods to meet customer requirements and make a profit. A simulation is a great tool for optimizing inventory management by examining system behavior in a variety of settings. This paper presents a simulation model developed in ARENA software to optimize inventory management, i.e. to determine the level of inventory at which it is necessary to order goods for which the system generates minimal total costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research seeks to evaluate the impact of applying lean construction principles on the performance of reinforcement operations using a discrete-event simulation (DES) approach. Design/methodology/approach: Process mapping of reinforcements operations was first established through field observation and interviews with construction managers involved in the selected project. Subsequently, quantitative data were gathered and then used to identify the best probabilistic density functions for each activity duration based on the fit-quality tests. Upon testing the validity of the real-world model, a lean simulation model was developed, using ARENA software, to investigate the impact of lean construction principles on the performance of such processes. Findings: Lean principles are effective in enhancing the performance of the selected construction process. Output performance measurements for real-world model and lean model revealed that lean construction principles led to 41% improvement in process productivity, 14% enhancement in process efficiency and 17% reduction in cycle time. Research limitations/implications: The statistical findings only represent the process under study (reinforcement process) and cannot be generalized to other construction activities. In order to draw generalizable conclusions, future works are needed to extend this study to different project sizes and more complex construction processes (e.g. bricklaying process and concrete pouring operations). Moreover, there are other factors such as labor skills, rework and uncertainty, site conditions that require further analyses for leaner construction projects. Originality/value: The methodology and the techniques presented in this work can be used for decision making by analyzing various lean construction scenarios and evaluating their impacts on performance outcomes of any construction process prior to real-world implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Museologia e Patrimônio is the property of Museologia e Patrimonio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of maternal temperament on uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight in a goat experimental model. Based on the arena test, behavioral testing related to fear-eliciting stimulus, goats were divided into nervous (n = 13) and calm (n = 11) groups. After mating, the perfusion of maternal uterine arteries (UTAs) and its related Doppler parameters, blood flow volume (BFV), time-averaged mean velocity (TAMEANV), acceleration (Acce), and resistance impedance (S/D), were evaluated biweekly from week two until the end of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated during the pregnancy in addition to the gestation length (GL) and fetal birth weight (FBW). The UTA-BFV and TAMEANV, as well as Acce and S/D, were influenced by maternal temperament (p < .05). The FHR showed no significant changes between experimental animals of different temperaments (p = .81). Both GL and FBW were increased in calm rather than nervous goats (p < .05). These results indicated that the maternal nervous (temperament) have negative impacts on uterine artery Doppler indices, fetal growth, and gestational length in a goat experimental model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A suitable sequencing and dispatching of jobs on machines is very much essential to improve the performance of any industry. Sequencing is the prioritizing of a set of jobs in a queue based on some decision rule to determine the order in which they will be processed. This paper aims at detailed study and analysis of hybrid rule selection to reduce lead time, waiting time and to increase machine utilization and throughput. In this study four static and eight hybrid dynamic rules were considered and prioritization of jobs is done using TOPSIS algorithm. The hybrid rules are obtained by combining certain dynamic rules. The data includes 47 jobs and 17 machines with different monthly order quantities. Discrete event simulation tool is used for the study and validation of actual data of a manufacturing plant. The results shows that the proposed hybrid dispatching rule, which is a combination of Earliest Creation time (ECT), Shortest waiting time (SWT) and Most work remaining time (MWRT) are very effective in minimizing lead time and maximizing throughput. The another hybrid dispatching rule, which is a combination of Longest Waiting Time (LWT), ECT and MWRT are effective in maximizing the machine utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, computer simulation is widely used in industries to support decision-making and performance enhancement. Real situations often require optimal solutions in the presence of multiple constraints. Present study aims to solve a transportation problem with the help of simulation modeling. Different kind of models are investigated using multiple iterations to reduce vehicle cycle and waiting time at roundabout intersection. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is done to compare base model against two alternatives, while, ARENA soft ware is used for data analysis and computations. Results indicated that the alternative 2 of round about only is the best option considering cycle time, waiting time and number of vehicles transferred out of the system. Findings are beneficial to improve traffic flow at similar intersections, where commuters face long waiting time during peak hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EMRS (Emergency Medical Response Service) is the public safety system that is responsible for the initial first aid and transportation of the patient to the hospital. Providing a timely response to any emergency situation is of critical nature and needs to be addressed in the shortest possible time. Decreasing the response to an emergency site and timely pre-hospitalization care location identification and number of emergency response personnel and vehicles are some of the critical elements of EMRS. In this research, a probabilistic model is developed which incorporates the probabilistic response to any emergency situation. The developed model was applied to an actual scenario of the EMRS in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan. The EMRS has 7 locations covering 7 different regions of the city covering more than 1200 square kilometers area. The main purpose of the study is to measure the quality of EMRS on the basis of response time and queue. The study has identified that station 1 and 2 have the highest utilization; 58% each, while station 7 has the lowest utilization at 13.7%. Since the emergency care at the site of incidence is one of the primary responsibilities of the public safety organizations so this study also discusses the average instantaneous utilization of EMRS resources for that region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on coupling of simulation and optimization techniques, both representing an integrated part of modern design and decision-making support tools in management sciences, industry, and engineering. After revealing the different possible connotations of the concept of simulation optimization coupling, we explicitly describe the integration of two commercial-off-the-shelf industry-standard software tools ARENA and CPLEX, respectively. In addition, the coupling of ARENA with the add-on OptQuest is also discussed, in order to highlight the distinction between two different manners of putting into complementarity simulation and optimization tools, namely simulation encapsulated into optimization and, vice-versa, optimization encapsulated into simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In modern industries automated machines are considered as one of the most important constituent in improving productivity. Gundrills are special cutting tools used for deep-hole drilling to achieve a depth to diameter ratio ranging up to 300:1. Gundrill production is largely dependent on manual operations owing to the manufacturing complexities. The total throughput time in gundrill manufacturing is significantly affected by the manual grinding process. This paper presents a study on the various grinding operations and identifies bottlenecks during gundrill production. Simulation is done in ARENA by Rockwell Automation Inc. for the manual process as well as for the automation required for the required for reduction in cycle time. Non-parametric tests are conducted for validating the ARENA model. Conclusions are drawn to automate the production aimed at reducing the cycle time while improving quality and EHS (Environment, Health, Safety) practice by eliminating tedious and repetitive operations. The present work serves as a benchmark approach for any manufacturing engineer intended to reduce the throughput time of any components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of facility layout is an influential factor in a company's performance to support the streamlined process of production. PT. PMJ is one of the garment industries that produce women's underwear. The total processing time in the sewing department often exceeds the standard time set by the company. The composition of the machine and facilities at the sewing department is considered to be not optimal. The order of machines in the production line has not been arranged appropriately which causes the excessive distance in the material transfer. In addition, the uses of straight material flow cause the workers to rotate their posture of the body when taking the materials. Based on the results of the assessment of the condition of workers in the initial facility layout using the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method, the highest total exposure score is on the back. This study aims to redesign the facility layout of PT. PMJ using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and ergonomics approach to minimize total material handling cost. Two design alternatives are proposed and the performance of each design is evaluated using ARENA simulation software. Based on the calculation of total material handling cost and simulation, the second proposed facility layout was chosen since it was able to reduce the total material handling cost by 22.92% and material transfer time by 34.01%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the results of a recent survey of entertainment and event venue marketing professionals. The survey was emailed to 890 venue professionals. There were 74 unique venue marketing professionals who responded (8.3% response rate) and answered most of the 55 questions covering various topics about the use, staffing, and perceptions of social media. The insights from this paper should assist entertainment and event venue professionals in comparing their priorities when it comes to social media use. The findings will also be helpful to anyone who might be responsible for the marketing of an artist or concert by shedding light on the benefit of integrating social media efforts with the venue or promoter. In addition, educators in the music and entertainment industry should benefit from an increased awareness of the strategic use of social media and shed light on the opportunities to prepare students for jobs in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]