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"Dunkle Materie" (DM) came from unexpected cosmological observations. Nowadays within our solar system, diverse observations also defy conventional explanations, like the main physical process(es) underlying the heating of the different solar atmospheric layers. Streaming DM offers a viable common scenario following gravitational focusing by the solar system bodies. This fits as the underlying process behind the solar cycle, which was the first signature suggesting a planetary dependency. The challenge, since 1859, is to find a remote planetary impact, beyond the extremely feeble planetary tidal force. We stress the possible involvement of an external impact by some overlooked "streaming invisible matter", which reconciles all investigated mysterious observations mimicking a not extant remote planetary force. Unexpected planetary relationships exist for both the dynamic Sun and Earth, reflecting multiple signatures for streaming DM. The local reasoning à la Zwicky is also suggestive for searches including puzzling biomedical phenomena. Favourite DM candidates are anti-quark-nuggets, magnetic monopoles, dark photons, or the composite "pearls". Then, anomalies within the solar system are the manifestation of the dark Universe. The tentative streaming DM scenario enhances spatiotemporally the DM flux [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report addresses the time dependence of normal biomedical processes. The conception rate in humans shows relationships that strikingly coincide with planetary periodicities like the orbital period of Jupiter, the 11 years solar cycle and the 237 days Jupiter–Venus synod, and the combined dependence on Jupiter with Mars' orbital position. The birth rates are used as conception surrogates based on a data set available from the Minnesota Department of Health. The statistical significance of each independent analysis (far) exceeds 5 σ. This result cannot be explained with known science. As with other observations in Physics and Medicine (i.e., melanoma), tentatively the only viable explanation we have is the otherwise invisible streaming matter from the dark Universe we live in. The favored dark matter scenario involves streams or clusters as opposed to an isotropic dark sector. The dark Universe scenario has been the driving idea for this type of work. The high sensitivity of living matter to the tiniest external impact might help identify the nature of the dark matter particles, a major problem in all physics since the 1930s. This work is a model for evaluating other biological processes and mutation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sun’s luminosity in the visible changes at the 10-3 level, following the 11 years period. This variation increases with energy, and in X-rays, which should not even be there, the amplitude varies up to ∼ 105 times stronger, making their mysterious origin since the discovery in 1938 even more puzzling, and inspiring. We suggest that the multifaceted mysterious solar cycle is due to some kind of dark matter streams hitting the Sun. Planetary gravitational lensing enhances (occasionally) slow moving flows of dark constituents toward the Sun, giving rise to the periodic behavior. Jupiter provides the driving oscillatory force, though its 11.8 years orbital period appears slightly decreased, just as 11 years, if the lensing impact of other planets is included. Then, the 11 years solar clock may help to decipher (overlooked) signatures from the dark sector in laboratory experiments or observations in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard Model extensions often predict low-mass and very weakly interacting particles, such as the axion. A number of small-scale experiments at the intensity/precision frontier are actively searching for these elusive particles, complementing searches for physics beyond the Standard Model at colliders. Whilst a next generation of experiments will give access to a huge unexplored parameter space, a discovery would have a tremendous impact on our understanding of fundamental physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interaction phenomena of intense ion- and laser radiation with matter have a large range of application in different fields of science, extending from basic research of plasma properties to applications in energy science, especially in inertial fusion. The heavy ion synchrotron at GSI now routinely delivers intense uranium beams that deposit about 1 kJ/g of specific energy in solid matter, e.g. solid lead. Our simulations show that the new accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) at GSI as well as beams from the CERN large hadron collider (LHC) will vastly extend the accessible parameter range for high energy density states. A natural example of hot dense plasma is provided by our neighbouring star the sun, and allows a deep insight into the physics of fusion, the properties of matter at high energy density, and is moreover an excellent laboratory for astroparticle physics. As such the sun's interior plasma can even be used to probe the existence of novel particles and dark matter candidates. We present an overview on recent results and developments of dense plasma physics addressed with heavy ion and laser beams combined with accelerator- and nuclear physics technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interaction phenomena of intense ion- and laser radiation with matter have a large range of application in different fields of science, extending from basic research of plasma properties to applications in energy science, especially in inertial fusion. The heavy ion synchrotron at GSI now routinely delivers intense uranium beams that deposit about 1 kJ/g of specific energy in solid matter, e.g. solid lead. Our simulations show that the new accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) at GSI as well as beams from the CERN large hadron collider (LHC) will vastly extend the accessible parameter range for high energy density states. A natural example of hot dense plasma is provided by our neighbouring star the sun, and allows a deep insight into the physics of fusion, the properties of matter at high energy density, and is moreover an excellent laboratory for astroparticle physics. As such the sun's interior plasma can even be used to probe the existence of novel particles and dark matter candidates. We present an overview on recent results and developments of dense plasma physics addressed with heavy ion and laser beams combined with accelerator- and nuclear physics technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-energy part of the π spectrum associated with $$p\bar p$$ annihilation at rest was measured in order to search for bound baryonium-like states. The upper limit for reaching such states via the emission of monochromatic π's was found to be 8% per annihilation in the mass region of 1650 MeV. The low-energy part of the η spectrum from $$p\bar p$$ annihilations at rest was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The X-ray spectrum emerging from a liquid-hydrogen target when stopping antiprotons was measured with high resolution in order to determine the strong interaction shift and width of the atomic 1 s level. Owing to strong Stark quenching only weak structures could be observed. The upper limit of the yield of any one of the K-series transitions is 3.5×10 (95% C.L.) per stopped antiproton, assuming no broadening of the 1 s level. Possible identifications of the weak lines with the K-series transitions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The X-ray spectrum associated with K stopping in liquid hydrogen was measured with high resolution Si(Li) detectors. The total K X-ray yield is not larger than 8×10 per stopped K assuming no line broadening. A weak line pattern was found, which was tentatively ascribed to the K H K-series X-rays. The shift and width of the 1 s level, deduced from this pattern, are ε=+270±80 eV and Γ=560±260 eV, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absorption of stopped π inTa andBi has been investigated by studying prompt and delayed γ-ray spectra. Absolute cross-sections for the yield of isotopes per captured π in ( π, xn) reactions, as well as the relative probability of populating nuclear states of different spins have been measured for the hafnium and lead isotopes, respectively. A spin as high as 20 has been observed in the production ofPb. The ground-state rotational bands of the hafnium isotopes are excited to spin values up to 16. Neutron multiplicities as large as 15 have been observed for both targets. A neutron multiplicity of ≃8 is most probable for both tantalum and bismuth targets. The strong interaction monopole energy shift ɛ and width Γ for the 4 f level are found to be ε(Ta)=540±100eV; ɛ(Bi)=1790±150 eV; Γ(Ta)=225±57 eV; Γ(Bi) =1166±70 eV. The quadrupole moments, determined from the hyperfine splitting of the 4 f pionic atom level, are Q=3.30±0.06 b and Q=}-0.50±0.08 b forTa andBi, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energies and widths of pionic 3 d-2 p transitions ofZn,Ge, andAs have been measured with a Ge detector. The values of the 2 p shifts obtained from the measurement ε(Zn)=7.0±1.4keV, ε(Ge)=5.5±0.9keV, and ε(As)=4.6±0.9keV show a decreasing behaviour for large Z, which is caused by an increasing s-wave contribution as predicted by theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusive η-momentum spectrum from $$\bar p$$ annihilations at rest in liquid hydrogen was measured at LEAR. Branching ratios were obtained for, and ηη(8.1±3.1)×10. An upper limit for $$p\bar p \to \eta \eta '$$ of 1.8×10 at 95% CL was found. The ratio of the branching ratios is BR(ηϱ)/BR(ηω)=0.51. For the ratio of branching ratios into two pseudoscalar mesons, we have BR( ηπ)/BR(ππ)=0.65±0.14, BR( ηη)/BR(ππ), BR( η η)/BR(ππ) at 95% CL, and BR( ηη)/BR( ηπ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The branching ratios of $$p\bar p$$ annihilations into the neutral final states 2π, πγ, and 2γ are measured by stopping antiprotons in liquid hydrogen. They are $$B_{2\pi ^0 } = \left( {2.06 \pm 0.14} \right) \times 10^{ - 4} $$ , $$B_{\pi ^0 \gamma } = \left( {1.74 \pm 0.22} \right) \times 10^{ - 5} $$ , and B<1.7×10 (95% c.l.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By Mössbauer absorption experiments the magnetic hyperfine splitting has been observed for the 2+ states ofW andW in a tungsten iron alloy (3.6 at%W). Since the g-factor of the 2+ state ofW is known the measured splitting of theW line could be used for the calibration of the magnetic hyperfine field and the measurement withW gave then for the unknown g-factor ofW: By use of a WO absorber the electric quadrupole splittings in the same states were measured. The ratio of the quadrupole moments was derived This ratio is somewhat smaller, but more accurate than the weighted means of previous results and in disagreement with the theoretical prediction. A similar measurement withHf andHf and a HfO absorber gave This result is larger than the average of previous measurements and agrees with theory. The isomer shifts of the Mössbauer lines ofW andW were measured for sources in a tantalum metal environment and for absorbers of metallic tungsten. Different signs were observed which indicate that the mean squared charge radius of the 2+ state ofW is larger than that of the ground state whereas forW the ground state has the larger 〈 r〉-value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of low-pressure gas switch is described. The switch is triggered by an electron beam that is emitted from the surface of a ferroelectric sample. The electron beam is generated within the hollow cathode and ejected through a hole of arbitrary shape into the main gap of the switch. The beam current and the electron energy can be chosen such that breakdown is achieved with small jitter. The switch with its ferroelectric trigger requires neither heating nor an auxiliary gas discharge. The fast spontaneous polarization change ΔPs, which is the cause of electron emission, is induced by a high-voltage pulse from an electronic switching circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]