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Background: Curcumin (CUR), an effective traditional Chinese medicinal extract, displays good anti-cancer activity against various cancers. Nevertheless, the impacts and fundamental mechanisms of CUR to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) yet to be comprehensively clarified. This study examined the suppressive impacts of CUR on ESCC. Methods: For a comprehensive understanding of the effect of CUR in ESCC. The CUR targets and ESCC-related genes were identified respectively, and the intersection targets between CUR and ESCC were acquired. Then, we examined the intersection targets and discovered genes that were expressed differently in ESCC. Using DAVID, enrichment analyses were conducted on the targets of CUR-ESCC. The STRING database and Cytoscape v.3.9.1 were utilized to build networks for protein-protein interaction (PPI) and drug-target-pathway. Furthermore, the interactions between CUR and its core targets were confirmed by molecular docking studies. To confirm the effects of CUR on ESCC cells, in vitro experiments were finally conducted. Results: Overall, 47 potential CUR targets for ESCC treatment were identified. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 61 signaling pathways, primarily associated with the FoxO signaling, the cell cycle, cellular senescence, the IL-17 signaling pathway which play important roles in ESCC progression. In the PPI network and the docking results identified CHEK1 and CDK6 as the core targets that positively associated with ESCC survival. CUR arrested ESCC cells at the G2/M and S phases, as shown by flow cytometry. Colony formation and CCK8 assays showed that CUR can inhibit the proliferative ability of ESCC cells. The Transwell invasion results validated that CUR can significantly inhibit the invasion rates of ESCC cells. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that CUR exhibits pharmacological effects on multiple targets and pathways in ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia miltiorrhiz, commonly known as "Danshen" in Chinese medicine, has longstanding history of application in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, including promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, calming the mind, tonifying the blood, and benefiting the "Qi", recent studies have revealed its significant positive effects on bone metabolism. This potential has garnered attention for its promising role in treating musculoskeletal disorders. Consequently, there is a high anticipation for a comprehensive review of the potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of various musculoskeletal diseases, effectively introducing an established traditional Chinese medicine into a burgeoning field. Aim of the review: Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the high efficacy and prospects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients for treatment of MSDs. This review aims to illuminate the newfound applications of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of various MSDs, effectively bridging the gap between an established medicine and an emerging field. Methods: In this review, previous studies related to Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients on the treatment of MSD were collected, the specific active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza were summarized, the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients for the treatment of MSDs, as well as their potential molecular mechanisms were reviewed and discussed. Results: Based on previous publications, Salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA are the representative active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their application has shown significant beneficial outcomes in osteoporosis, fractures, and arthritis. Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients protect against MSDs by regulating different signaling pathways, including ROS, Wnt, MAPK, and NF-B signaling. Conclusion: Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients demonstrate promising potential for bone diseases and have been explored across a wide variety of MSDs. Further exploration of Salvia miltiorrhiza's pharmacological applications in MSDs holds great promise for advancing therapeutic interventions and improving the lives of patients suffering from these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavitation and cavitation erosion often occur and seriously threaten the safe and stable operation of hydraulic machinery. However, during the operation of hydraulic machinery, the cavitation flow field is often difficult to contact andmeasure, and the shedding and development characteristics of cavitation floware unknown. This paper uses theDetached Eddy Simulation (DES) turbulence model and Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (ZGB) cavitationmodel to conduct numerical research on the cavitation flow of a twisted hydrofoil and verifies the effectiveness of numerical simulation by comparing it with experimental results. Then, based on the fractal dimension method, the number and fractal dimension of themain cavitation clusters in two different views are analyzed. The research results show that with the continuous flow of fluid, the cavitation at the tail of the hydrofoil periodically falls off, and the number of cavitation bubbles shows a strong randomness between 1 and 2. The fractal dimensionmethod calculates that the frequency of cavitation bubbles falling off is 30 Hz. The fractal dimension of cavitation also fluctuates periodically. The fractal dimension of cavitation in the side view fluctuates between 1.30-1.38, and the fractal dimension of cavitation in the top view fluctuates between 1.31-1.42. The fractal dimension of the cavitation is closely related to the size and shape of the cavitation. By analyzing the relationship between the cavitation development process and the fractal dimension in the side view, we found the relationship between the development of cavitation in a cycle and the change of fractal dimension, which is of great significance to understanding the characteristics of cavitation flow through the image of the cavitation flow field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]